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Business
Model
Metrics
and KPIs
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SUPER GUIDE:
Business
Model
Metrics
and KPIs
BY DANIEL PEREIRA
© THE BUSINESS MODEL ANALYST
The Business Model Analyst is a website dedicated to

analyzing business model types, patterns, and innovations
using the business model canvas as its primary tool. The
site oﬀers a wide variety of free and premium content,
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out here.
Daniel Pereira
The Business Model
Analyst Ottawa, ON,
Canada
businessmodelanalyst.com

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction 24
What Are Business Metrics? 25
What Are Kpis? 27
Business Metrics Vs. Kpis 28

The Key Differences Between Kpis And Metrics 29
Example: Kpi Vs. Metrics 30
Every Kpi Is A Metric, But Not Every Metric Is A Kpi 31
The Relationship Between Kpis And Metrics 31
Benefits Of Tracking Business Metrics 33
Why Is Kpi Important? 35
The Goals Of Business Model Metrics 38
What Business Metrics Should You Use? 39
Key Business Metrics In Different Business Models 40

1. Saas Business Model Metrics 40
Monthly Unique Visitors 40
Why Is It Important To Measure Unique Visitors? 41
How To Measure Unique Visitors? 42
Signups 43
Why Is Tracking Signups Important? 43
Product-Qualified Leads (Pqls) 44
How To Identify The Pql For Your Business? 44
Qualified Lead Velocity Rate (Lvr) 46
How To Calculate Qualified Lead Velocity Rate? 47

What’s A Good Lvr? 48
Organic Vs. Paid Traffic Roi 48
Viral Coefficient 50
Why Is The Viral Coefficient Important? 51
How To Calculate Viral Coefficient? 51
Customer Conversion Rate 52
Why Is Customer Conversion Rate Important? 53
How To Calculate Customer Conversion Rate? 54
Average Revenue Per Account (Arpa) 54
Why Is Arpa Important? 55
How To Calculate Arpa? 56
How To Increase Arpa 57
Customer Acquisition Cost (Cac) 58
How To Calculate Customer Acquisition Costs 59
Why Is Customer Acquisition Cost (Cac) Important
59
Who Is Customer Acquisition Cost Metric Important
To? 60
How You Can Improve Your Customer Acquisition
Cost 61
Monthly Recurring Revenue (Mrr) 63
Why Is Mrr Important? 64
How To Calculate Mrr? 65
How To Improve Your Mrr? 66
Number Of Support Tickets Created 69
How To Calculate The Number Of New Support
Tickets? 69
Average First Response Time 70
Why Is Average First Response Time Important? 70
How To Calculate Average First Response Time? 70
How Do You Reduce The First Response Time? 71

Average Resolution Time (Art) 75
Why Is Art Important? 75
How To Calculate Art? 76
What Is A Good Art? 77
How To Improve Your Art? 77
Net Promoter Score (Nps) 78
How To Calculate The Net Promoter Score 79
How To Improve Your Net Promoter Score 79
Number Of Active Users 82
Why Should You Measure Your Active Users? 82
How To Measure Active Users 82
Daily Active Users [Dau] 83
Weekly Active Users [Wau] 84
Monthly Active Users [Mau] 84
Customer Retention Rate (Crr) 85
Retention Rate Vs. Churn Rate 86
Why Is Customer Retention Rate Important? 87
How To Calculate Customer Retention Rate? 88
What Is A Good Crr? 89
How To Improve Your Customer Retention Rate? 89
Churn Rate 93
How To Calculate The Churn Rate 93
Customer Lifetime Value (Cltv) 94
Why Is Customer Lifetime Value Important? 95
How To Calculate Customer Lifetime Value? 96
How To Increase Your Customer Lifetime Value? 97
Customer Health Score 100
Why The Customer Health Score Is Important 101
How To Measure Customer Health Scores 102
How Can You Improve Your Customer Health

Score? 105
Lead-To-Customer Rate 106
Why Is Lead To Customer Rate Important? 107
How To Calculate Lead-To-Customer Conversion
Rate? 108
Leads By Lifecycle Stage 109
Why Is The Lead Lifecycle Important? 114
Customer Engagement Score (Ces) 115
Why Is The Customer Engagement Score
Important? 115
How To Calculate The Customer Engagement
Score? 116
What Is A Good Customer Engagement Score? 118
How To Increase Your Customer Engagement
Score 118
Customer Churn 120
Why Is Customer Churn Rate Important? 121
How To Calculate Customer Churn? 123
How To Reduce Customer Churn? 123
Revenue Churn Rate 124
Why Is Revenue Churn Important? 125
How To Calculate Revenue Churn? 125
What Is A Good Revenue Churn Rate? 126
Annual Contract Value (Acv) 126
Why Is Annual Contract Value Important? 126
How To Calculate Acv? 127
Average Sales Cycle Length 127
How To Calculate The Sales Cycle Length 128
Why Is Sales Cycle Length Important? 129
Net Mrr Churn Rate 130
Why Is The Net Churn Rate Important? 131

How To Calculate Net Mrr Churn Rate? 131
What Is A Good Net Mrr Churn Rate Benchmark?
132
How To Reduce Mrr Churn? 132
Mrr Retention Rate 134
How To Calculate Mrr Retention Rate 134
How To Improve Retention 135
Average Selling Price (Asp) 135
Why Is Asp Important? 135
How To Calculate Asp? 137
What Is A Good Asp? 138
Annual Run Rate (Arr) 138
Why Is Annual Run Rate Important? 138
How To Calculate Annual Run Rate? 139
Lifetime Value: Customer Acquisition Cost (Ltv: Cac)
Ratio 139
Why Is Ltv: Cac Important? 140
What Is The Formula For Ltv: Cac Ratio? 141
How To Improve Your Ltv/Cac Ratio? 142
Cac Payback Period 143
How Is The Payback Period Useful To Other Saas
Metrics? 143
How To Calculate The Payback Period? 144
How Do You Reduce The Payback Period? 145
Saas Quick Ratio (Qr) 145
Why Is Saas Quick Ratio Important? 146
How To Calculate Saas Quick Ratio? 146
What Is A Good Saas Quick Ratio? 147
Trial Conversion Rate 148
2. Franchise Model Metrics & Kpis 148
Same-Store Sales 148

Why Is Comparable Store Sales Important? 149
How To Calculate Comparable Store Sales? 149
Average Sales Ticket 150
How To Increase Your Average Ticket Sale 151
Sales Per Square Foot 153
Why Are Sales Per Square Foot Important? 153
How To Calculate Sales Per Square Foot? 154
How To Increase Sales Per Square Foot? 155
Franchise Growth Rate 155
Retail Conversion Rate 157
How To Calculate The Retail Conversion Rate 157
What Is The Average Conversion Rate For
Retailers? 157
Why Is Retail Conversion Rate Important? 158
How To Improve Your Retail Store Conversion
Rate? 159
Gross Sales 161
Why Is Gross Sales Important? 161
How To Calculate Gross Sales? 163
Rankings 163
Net Profit (Np) 163
How To Calculate Net Profit? 164
3. Subscription Business Model Metrics & Kpis 164
Freemium Conversion Rate 164
Why Is The Freemium Conversion Rate Important?
165
How To Calculate The Freemium Conversion Rate?
167
What Is The Ideal Freemium Conversion Rate? 167
How To Optimize Your Freemium Conversion Rate
168
Trial Conversion Rate 170
Why Is A Free Trial Conversion Rate Important? 171
How To Calculate Trial Conversion Rate? 171
What Is A Good Trial Conversion Rate Benchmark?
172
How To Improve Your Free Trial-To-Paid Conversion
Rate? 172
Retention Rate 175
Why Is Retention Rate Important? 175
How To Calculate Retention Rate? 175
How To Improve Retention Rate? 175
Ltv: Cac Ratio 175
Payback Period 176
Why Should You Measure The Payback Period? 176
How To Calculate Payback Period? 176
Net Promoter Score 176
Average Order Value (Aov) 177
Lead Velocity Rate (Lvr) 177
Annual Recurring Revenue (Arr) 177
Customer Lifetime Value (Ltv) 177
Average Revenue Per Customer (Arpc) 177
Why Should You Measure Arpc? 177
How To Calculate Arpc? 177
Quick Ratio 178
Why Should You Measure The Quick Ratio? 179
How To Calculate Quick Ratio? 179
Gross Margin Percentage 179
How To Calculate Gross Margin Percentage? 179

Monthly Recurring Revenue (Mrr) 180
Monthly Recurring Revenue (Mrr) Growth 180
Mrr Churn 180
Cohort Analysis 180
Subscriber Return On Investment (Roi) 181
Subscriber Churn 181
Why Should You Measure Subscriber Churn? 181
How To Calculate Subscriber Churn? 181
4. Open-Source Business Model Metrics & Kpis 182
Activity 182
Size 182
Performance 183
Demographics 183
Diversity 184
Referral Traffic 184
How To Calculate Referral Traffic? 184
Total Unique Visitors 184
Why Is It Important To Measure Unique Visitors? 185
How To Measure Unique Visitors? 185
Total Page Views 185
How To Calculate The Number Of Visitor Page
Views? 185
5. Freemium Business Model Metrics & Kpis 186
Customer Churn 186
Conversion Rate 186
Active Users 186
Daily Active Users 186
Monthly Active Users 187
6. Peer-To-Peer Business Model Metrics & Kpis 187

Cost Per Invoice 187
Invoice Processing Times 187
Average Payment Period (Avp) 188
How To Calculate The Average Payment Period?
188
First-Time Match Rate 189
On-Time Payment Rate 190
Contactless Invoice Processing Rate 190
Automatically Processed Invoices Rate 191
Supplier Rate Per 1,000 Invoices 191
Duplicate Payments Rate 191
Realized Cash Discount Rate 192
7. Affiliate Marketing Business Model Metrics 192
Clicks 192
Number Of New Affiliate Partners 193
Customer Lifetime Value (Ltv) 194
Return On Ad Spend (Roas) 194
Why Is Roas Important? 194
How Do You Calculate The Return On Ad Spend?
195
What Is A Good Roas? 196
How To Increase Roas? 196
Cost Per Click And Cost Per Sale 197
Click Traffic Rate 198
Incremental Revenue 198
Why Is It Important? 198
How To Measure Incremental Revenue? 199
Cost Per Sale Or Cost Per Lead 199
Why Is Cost Per Lead Important? 199
How To Calculate Cost Per Lead? 200

How To Reduce Your Cost Per Lead? 201
Affiliate Contribution Margin 202
How To Calculate The Affiliate Contribution Margin?
203
Active Affiliates Rate 203
How To Calculate Active Affiliates Rate? 203
Reversed Sales Rate 204
Return On Investment (Roi) 204
How To Calculate Roi? 204
Affiliate Engagement 205
How To Measure Affiliate Engagement? 205
How To Improve Affiliate Engagement? 206
Conversion Rate 207
Why Is Average Order Value Important? 208
How To Calculate The Average Order Value? 208
How To Improve Average Order Value 209
Traffic Quality 210
Growth 210
Trigger Links 211
Organic Traffic 211
Sales Per Affiliate 212
Top 10 Affiliate Partners 212
Effective Earnings Per Click (Eepc) 213
Earnings Per Click (Epc) 213
Why Tracking Earnings Per Click Is Important? 214
How To Calculate Earnings Per Click? 214
How To Increase Epc? 215
8. Agency-Based Business Model Metrics & Kpis 216
Qualified Leads: Mqls And Sqls 216

How To Calculate The Mql To Sql Conversion Rate?
217
Customer Lifetime Value (Clv) 217
Proposals Sent 217
Win Rate 218
Agency Profit Margin 218
How To Calculate The Agency Profit Margins 218
How To Increase Agency Profit Margins? 219
Cash Flow From Operations 220
Why Is Cash Flow From Operations Important? 220
How To Calculate Cash Flow From Operations? 220
Agency Utilization Rate 221
Why Is Agency Utilization Rate Important? 221
How Do You Calculate Agency Utilization Rate? 222
What Is The Ideal Agency Utilization Rate? 223
How To Increase Utilization Rate? 223
Client Retention Rate 225
Average Churn Rate 225
9. Content-Based Business Model Metrics 225
Unsubscribe Rates 225
Why Is The Email Unsubscribe Rate Important? 226
How To Calculate The Email Unsubscribe Rate? 226
What Is A Good Unsubscribe Rate? 226
How To Reduce Your Email Unsubscribe Rate? 227
Repeat Purchase Rate 229
How To Calculate The Repeat Purchase Rate 229
Why Repeat Purchase Rate Is Important 231
How To Increase The Repeat Purchase Rate 231
Returning Visitors 232

How To Calculate Returning Visitor Metric 233
How To Increase Your Rate Of Returning Visitors?
233
Organic Traffic 234
Reach 234
Return On Investment (Roi) 234
Why Calculating Content Marketing Roi Is
Important? 234
How To Calculate The Content Marketing Roi? 236
Cost Of Acquisition (Cac) On Content Marketing 237
Why Is Cac Important In Content Marketing? 237
How To Calculate Cac? 238
What Is A Good Cac? 238
Bounce Rate 239
Why Is Measuring Bounce Rate Important? 239
How To Calculate Bounce Rate? 240
What Is A Good Bounce Rate? 241
How To Reduce High Bounce Rates? 241
Content Engagement Rate 242
Why Is Engagement Rate Important? 243
How To Calculate Engagement Rate? 243
What Is A Good Engagement Rate? 244
Conversion Rates 244
Click-Through Rates 244
Why Is The Email Click-Through Rate Important?
245
How To Calculate The Email Click-Through Rate?
245

Difference Between Ctr And Ctor 246
What Is A Good Click-Through Rate? 246
How To Improve Your Email Click-Through Rate?
247
Pages View Per Session 247
How To Calculate Page Views Per Session? 247
What Is A Good Number Of Pages Per Session? 247
How To Improve Your Page View Per Session? 247
Average Time On Page 248
How To Calculate Average Time On Page 248
What Is A Good Average Time On Page? 249
How To Improve Your Average Time On Page? 250
Average Time To New Content 251
Keyword Click-Through Rate 251
Average Lead Score 252
Why Is Average Lead Score Important? 252
How To Calculate Average Lead Score? 253
Online Conversions Metric 253
How To Calculate Online Conversions Metric 254
Sessions By Device Type 255
Website Traffic Lead Ratio 256
Why Is Website Traffic Lead Ratio Important? 257
How To Calculate Website Traffic Lead Ratio? 257
Keyword Opportunity 257
10. Ecommerce Business Model Metrics & Kpis 258
Sales Per Labor Hour 258
Sales Per Hour Vs. Items Per Hour In Retail 259
How To Calculate The Sales Revenue Per Hour 259
Why Is Sales Per Man Hour Important? 260

Cost Per Acquisition (Cpa) 260
Why Does Cost Per Acquisition Matter? 260
How To Calculate Cost Per Acquisition? 261
What Is A ‘good’ Cost Per Acquisition? 261
Churn Rate 262
Revenue Per Visitor (Rpv) 262
Why Is Rpv Important? 263
How To Calculate Rpv? 264
How To Increase Rpv? 264
Customer Lifetime Value (Clv) 266
Net Profit 266
Difference Between Net Profit, Net Income, And
Net Earnings 266
Why Is Net Profit Important? 266
How To Calculate Net Profit? 267
How To Increase Your Net Profit? 267
Net Profit Margin 269
Net Profit Margin Vs. Gross Profit Margin 269
Why Is Net Profit Margin Important? 270
How To Calculate Net Profit Margin? 270
How To Improve Your Net Profit Margin? 270
Conversion Rate 271
Customer Retention Rate 271
Shopping Cart Abandonment Rate 271
Why Should You Calculate The Shopping Cart
Abandonment Rate? 272
How To Calculate The Shopping Cart
Abandonment Rate? 272
How To Reduce The Shopping Cart Abandonment
Rate? 273

Add To Cart Conversion Rate 274
How To Calculate Add To Cart Conversion Rate?
275
How To Improve Your Add-To-Cart Conversion
Rate? 275
Gross Merchandise Volume (Gmv) 275
Why Is Gmv Important? 276
How To Calculate Gmv? 276
Influencer Roi 276
Return On Marketing Investment 277
How To Calculate Return On Marketing Investment
(Romi) 277
Best Practices For Measuring Marketing Roi 278
What Is A Good Marketing Roi? 279
What Are The Challenges Of Measuring Marketing
Roi? 279
Why Is Return On Marketing Investment Important?
280
Average Revenue Per Account (Arpa) 281
Bounce Rate 281
Shopping Cart Abandonment Rate 281
Customer Health Score (Chs) 282
First Response Time 282
Revenue Per Email (Rpe) 282
Why Is Rpe Important? 282
How To Calculate Rpe? 283
How To Increase Your Rpe? 283
Revenue Per Subscriber (Rps) 284
Why Is Rps Important? 284

How To Calculate Rps? 284
How To Improve Your Rps? 285
Pay-Per-Click (Ppc) 286
Average Resolution Time 286
Basket Size 286
Why Basket Size Is Important? 286
How To Calculate Basket Size? 287
How To Increase Basket Size? 288
Lead Conversion Rate 289
Why Is Lead Conversion Rate Important? 289
How To Calculate Lead Conversion Rate? 289
What’s A Good Lead Conversion Rate? 290
How To Increase Your Lead Conversion Rate? 291
Web Traffic Concentration 292
Why Is Web Traffic Concentration Important? 292
How To Calculate Web Traffic Concentration? 292
Dormancy Rate 293
Why Is Dormancy Rate Important? 294
How To Calculate Dormancy Rate? 294
Customer Share By Category 294
Why Is Customer Share By Category Important?
295
How To Calculate Customer Share By Category?
296
Cost Per Action (Cpa) 296
Why Is Cost Per Action Important? 296
How To Calculate Cost Per Action? 297
How To Optimize Your Cost Per Action? 297
Marketing Originated Customers 297
How To Calculate Marketing Originated

Customers? 298
Funnel Conversion Rate 299
Why Is Funnel Conversion Rate Important? 299
How To Calculate Funnel Conversion Rate? 300
What’s A Good Funnel Conversion Rate? 300
How To Increase Your Funnel Conversion Rate? 301
Response Rate 303
Why Is Response Rate Important? 303
How To Calculate Response Rate? 304
How Can You Improve Your Response Rate? 305
Click-Through Rate (Ctr) 306
Why Is Click-Through Rate Important? 306
How To Calculate Click-Through Rate? 306
What Is A Good Click-Through Rate? 307
How To Optimize Your Click-Through Rate? 308
11. Retail Sales Business Model Metrics & Kpis 309
Sales Per Square Foot 309
Sales Per Employee 309
How To Calculate Sales Per Employee? 309
Conversion Rate 310
Gross Profit (Gp) 310
Gross Profit Vs. Gross Profit Margin 310
How Is Gross Profit Different From Net Profit? 310
Why Is Gross Profit Important? 310
How To Calculate Gross Profit? 311
Gross Profit Margin 312
Gross Profit Margin Versus Markup 312
Why Is Gross Profit Margin Important? 312
How To Calculate Gross Profit Margin? 312
What Is A “Good” Gross Profit Margin? 313

How To Increase Your Gross Profit Margin? 314
Net Profit 314
Average Order Value 314
Basket Size 314
Year-Over-Year Growth 314
Why Is Year-Over-Year Growth Important? 315
How To Calculate Year-Over-Year Growth? 316
Inventory Turnover 317
Inventory Turnover Vs. Days Sales Of Inventory 317
Why Is Inventory Turnover Important? 318
How To Calculate Inventory Turnover? 318
What Is A Good Inventory Turnover? 320
How To Improve Your Inventory Turnover? 320
Sell-Through Rate 323
How To Calculate The Sell-Through Rate 324
Why Is The Sell-Through Rate Important? 325
How To Increase Your Sell-Through Rate 326
Inventory Shrinkage 327
How To Calculate Inventory Shrinkage? 327
How To Control Inventory Shrinkage? 328
Gross Margin Return On Investment (Gmroi) 330
What Is A Good Gmroi In Retail? 330
How To Calculate The Gross Margin Return On
Investment (Gmroi) 331
Why Is Gmroi Important? 331
How To Increase Gross Margin Return On
Investment? 332
Foot Traffic 333
What Is Foot Traffic In Retail? 334
Why Is Tracking Foot Traffic Important? 334
How Do You Measure Foot Traffic? 334
How To Increase Foot Traffic? 335
Retention 335
Foot Traffic And Digital Traffic 336
Same-Store Sales 336
12. Distribution-Based Business Model Metrics & Kpis 336
Put Away Cycle Time 337
Order Lead Time 337
Perfect Order Rate 337
Back Order Rate 338
How To Calculate Back Order Rate? 338
Lost Sales 338
How To Calculate Lost Sales? 339
Picking And Packing Cost 339
Picking Accuracy 340
How To Calculate Picking Accuracy? 340
Receiving Cycle Time 340
How To Calculate Receiving Cycle Time? 341
Returns Due To Improper Shipment 341
Labor And Equipment Utilization 341
How To Calculate Labor And Equipment Utilization?
341
Order Cycle Time 342
Why Is Order Cycle Time Important? 342
How To Calculate Order Cycle Time? 343
How To Improve Order Cycle Time? 343
13. Online Educational Business Model Metrics & Kpis 345
Student Progress 345
Learner Competency 346
Instructor Effectiveness 347
Customer Satisfaction 347

14. Drop-Shipping Business Model Metrics & Kpis 349
Inventory Feed Score 349
On-Time Delivery 349
Why On-Time Delivery Metrics Matter? 349
How To Calculate Your On-Time Delivery Metrics?
349
How To Improve Your On-Time Delivery Metrics?
350
Order Fill Rate 351
How To Calculate The Order Fill Rate? 351
15. Cash Machine Business Model Metrics & Kpis 351
Unit Quantity And Location 352
Performance Of Each Unit 352
Uptime And Downtime By Unit 353
Product Or Cash Dispensed 353
Cost Of Cash And Product 353
Profitability 354
Contract Status 354
Conclusion 355
References 355
About The Author 390

INTRODUCTION
Business metrics are the heart of any business. If you don't
have good business metrics, you won't know if your business
is doing well or not. By understanding how each metric works
and how they apply to the different business models, you will
be able to get the most out of your investments.
This super guide will explain the different types of metrics

typically available based on the business model you are using
to help you with decision-making in your business. It will also
highlight how these metrics can help you understand what is
working and what isn't for your business.

WHAT ARE BUSINESS
METRICS?
To conduct an accurate analysis of the success of your

business, you will need to put into place a set of indicators
that can be quantified. And that’s what business metrics are:
They are quantifiable indicators used to measure business
performance. These metrics can help you decide if your
business is on the right track to profitability or if it's failing.
Because there are so many distinct kinds of businesses and

activities, there are a huge variety of metrics that may be
used to assess such businesses and their activities. For this
reason, the definition of business metrics might vary based
on the types of businesses, but they all agree on one thing:
Business metrics are used to evaluate various aspects of a
company's performance.
While the responsibility of tracking company-wide metrics
falls within the purview of the company's management, every
division and department within a company is, as a general
rule, tasked with the obligation of monitoring the metrics that
reflect how successfully their various areas are operating.
This can help the heads of these various divisions adjust their
policies or optimize business operations to stay on the right
side of these business metrics.

WHAT ARE KPIS?
These are the metrics through which you measure your

business's key efforts, objectives, or goals. In this context,
"key" in KPIs refers to significant business efforts. KPIs serve
as a way to measure progress toward a specific target.
KPIs are essential for determining whether you and your team
are making intelligent decisions or not. Business outcomes
can be tracked using these metrics, and the organization can
use them as a guide to where it wants to go. Key
performance indicators (KPIs) include things like revenue
growth, client retention, and customer lifetime value.
For instance, if your company's goal is to increase revenue by

20% over the next two quarters, you can utilize KPIs such as
new customer acquisition, customer lifetime value, and
upselling success rate to track its progress.

BUSINESS METRICS VS.
KPIS
In many cases, metrics and KPIs are used interchangeably

(KPIs). However, they aren’t the same. While KPIs are still
metrics, they are the most critical measurements for
advancing your firm. KPIs are specific measures and results,
that must be tracked and attained if your company is to
succeed in reaching its long-term ambitions. A solid strategic
plan comprises 5 to 7 key performance indicators to track
your progress toward your objectives (KPIs).
With metrics, however, typical business activities of a firm can

also be followed and measured, but this information is not the
most crucial for tracking and improving the performance of
your company in light of your strategic plan.
While every KPI is a metric, not every metric is a KPI. It's easy
to get the two terms mixed up, but let's look at it from a
different perspective. KPIs can help you pinpoint your
company's goals and priorities. On the other hand, if you want
to keep doing business as usual, you need metrics, but they
aren't the most important ones.

The key differences between
KPIs and metrics
● KPIs are used by business owners to track the
progress of their company's goals. As a result of this,
metrics have been developed in order to assess
certain locations or activities that may be working
toward these aims.
● KPIs that are closely linked to an end result are

constantly expected to rise or fall in order to
accomplish their aim. On the other hand, metrics
measure the impact of day-to-day business activity, but
only some of them may help you track the success of
your strategic efforts.
● Metrics and KPIs aren't mutually exclusive, which is

why they're commonly mistaken for one another in
practice. To measure the success of a KPI, you'll need
a set of measures: The key is to use the appropriate

metrics.
● Metrics and KPIs differ in that metrics are narrower in

scope, while KPIs are more comprehensive. KPIs
provide an overview. They reflect important corporate
objectives that affect many different parts of the
company. A department's or business area's metrics,
on the other hand, are viewed as lower-level indicators
that track specific activities or processes.
Example: KPI vs. Metrics

Increasing new customer trials by 20% is an excellent
illustration of a KPI. For a company, this can translate to an
increase of 40 to 60 trials each week. One of the goals of this
KPI is to increase net-new revenue, which is a specific
strategic objective.
As an illustration of a metric, consider organic incoming traffic

to a website. Even while tracking this indicator is critical to
ensure the success of your overall strategy, no one KPI can
be tied to it. It's merely a useful measure.
Consider another example. Page views are a marketing

metric you may monitor. It's a valuable indicator for tracking
the number of views of a certain marketing campaign's
landing page. Is this, then, a marketing key performance
indicator? No.
No matter how important it is to a company's bottom line, it is

not a straightforward route to meeting its goals. If you are
tracking organic search leads and wins, this can be included
in your inbound KPI approach. The result could be a rise in
revenue.

Every KPI is a metric, but not
every metric is a KPI
For a moment, assume that metrics are the players on a
hockey team, but your KPI is your goalkeeper. Teamwork is a
necessity, and each player has a certain job to play on the
team. Your KPI is supported by metrics that are part of your
team. What you pay for a customer to come to your site
(customer acquisition costs) or a goal to be achieved are the
numbers that back up your key performance indicators.
Your goalkeeper, on the other hand, is your key performance

indicator (KPI). To continue our hockey analogy, it would be
like stopping the opposing team from scoring against you. It's
impossible to achieve your KPI without a star-studded team of
metrics (or players).
The Relationship Between KPIs

and Metrics
Metrics allows you to keep tabs on a variety of different parts
of your business daily. One way, your SEO might keep track
of how many target keywords your site is now ranking in
search results. Employee grievances can be tracked by
human resources to see how many have been settled. These
metrics, on the other hand, may or may not be considered
KPIs by the organization.
Critical performance indicators (KPIs) are a set of measures

that have the greatest impact on your overall business aim to
accomplish key outcomes. Key performance indicators (KPIs)
communicate your company's priorities and assist you in

identifying the specific adjustments that need to be made to
achieve a broader goal. When it comes to determining what
matters most to your company, KPIs are a great tool.

BENEFITS OF TRACKING
BUSINESS METRICS
Measuring the indicators that matter most to your company

and making operational decisions based on the data you
collect will increase your company's chances of success. It's
that easy, but it demands a lot of work. For example, the
number of applicants that an executive search firm brings to a
client might be tracked. However, for the customer, the most
significant metrics to track and measure are the speed with
which the post is filled and the caliber of the applicants.
Measuring important company KPIs has the following six

advantages:
1. The right metrics will show you how well or poorly your
firm is doing and provide you with suggestions on how
to improve it;
2. Using comparison research, it is possible to assess

whether a company is functioning above or below
industry benchmarks;
3. With business metrics, you can make sure that

everyone in the company is working toward the same
objectives;
4. Governments and other regulatory authorities demand

enterprises monitor specific business KPIs to remain
compliant;
5. Analyzing business metrics is essential to identify and

correct problems before they become severe
difficulties;
6. Reporting firm indicators benefit customers,

shareholders, employees, and society at large.

WHY IS KPI IMPORTANT?
1. In order to keep tabs on the state of a business: KPIs

serve as a gauge of a company's overall health. To
keep tabs on the health of your firm, a small number of
key performance indicators (KPIs) is all you need.
Measure only what you want to move, so that you can
direct your efforts where they are most needed.
2. Employees, customers, processes, and revenue are all

areas where it is necessary to keep track of a few key
performance indicators (KPI). HR, CSAT, business
processes, business strategy, and many more are
areas that fall under this umbrella. Finding out who will
be responsible for accomplishing certain key
performance indicators is second in line after deciding
on the best KPIs for your company.
3. To keep track of how things are going: Keep an eye on

important performance metrics, such as revenue,
gross margin, the number of locations, and the number
of staff. Keep track of your success each week by
using KPIs to set goals at the beginning of each
quarter or year. It is possible to track your long-term
goals and business strategy's success by using the
appropriate KPIs.
4. It's important to adjust and keep on course. In addition

to your results, you'll need leading indicators to tell
you ahead of time if you're likely to fall short of your
goals. You can use leading indicator KPIs to make
predictions and your performance. They tell you
whether you're on pace to meet your goals or not. Two
things distinguish leading indicators from other types
of indicators: they can be measured and altered. KPIs
such as these might help you stay on track with your
projects.
5. To resolve issues and pursue new opportunities: Make

a dashboard that shows several key performance
indicators (KPIs) so that you can spot problems quickly
and deal with them as they come up. Sales are down,
so what do you do? Identify a few key performance
indicators (KPIs) that can help you turn the tide (for
example, the number of outgoing calls, the number of
appointments kept, or the number of trade exhibitions
attended).
6. To check if you've found the ideal lever for more

predictable sales, put them on a dashboard and
monitor them every week. Or perhaps you have a
brilliant concept for a brand-new item. Before
expanding to a larger audience, you might want to run
a small pilot program with a small number of
customers and track key performance indicators (KPIs)
to make sure your business model is sound. For
example, you could track metrics such as the number
of interested customers, the amount of money spent
on new products, customer satisfaction scores (NPS),
time to implement, and the number of defects.
7. To study trends over a period of time: Quarterly

comparisons of the same key performance indicators
(KPIs) will reveal patterns. In your firm, you can apply
these patterns in a number of different ways. If you
know when your slowest quarter will be, you can use
that time to update your systems or train everyone in
your company. Depending on how their KPIs are
doing, some individuals in your team may be
constantly performing below or above average, and
you may use this data to discuss the ramifications of
their actions.

THE GOALS OF BUSINESS
MODEL METRICS
Depending on its size and place in the market, a company's

goals for using business model measurements will be
different. However, the primary objective is to examine the
business model of the company. Here are some examples:
● To guarantee that they have a business model that

matches their profitability, repeatability, and scalability
ambitions, startups analyze their business models;
● Operating companies constantly review and

re-evaluate their business models regularly to detect
and address weaknesses in them;
● Before putting money into a company, investors look

closely at its business plan to see if it will give them a
good return on their money.

WHAT BUSINESS METRICS
SHOULD YOU USE?
Because there are so many different key performance

indicators for companies to take into account, this is a very
important question to ask. Firms can get "metrics crazy" and
try to keep track of too many things if their business
objectives are unclear. While the indicators that are important
to each organization are unique, these four questions might
be useful in determining what is most important to every
business:
1. What relationship does this metric have with how well

the company is doing?
2. Is it able to accurately anticipate future results?
3. Is it possible to measure it reasonably?
4. It's important to ask if and how much authority those

working on the metric have to make changes to the
metric itself.
Determine your goals, and then analyze the various metrics

that can be used to measure your progress toward those
goals. For example, your quality control team can track
metrics such as the number of defective items and the
number of products manufactured each week, as well as the
number of problematic products that reach customers before
being removed from the supply chain, to maintain good
quality control.

KEY BUSINESS METRICS
IN DIFFERENT BUSINESS
MODELS
1. SaaS Business Model Metrics

Monthly Unique Visitors
If a person visits a website at least once a month, that
individual is considered to be a "monthly unique visitor".
Tracking and counting software — such as Google Analytics
— can distinguish between a one-time visitor and a frequent
user that visits the site consistently.
Cookies are used by websites to track the amount of time a

user has opened their site. You must have visited the site at
least once a month to count as one unique monthly visitor.
These visits are counted once for each visitor, even if they
visit the website several times within the month.

Why Is It Important to Measure Unique Visitors?
There are a few key reasons why it is critical to have a
thorough understanding of your website's individual users.
These reasons may change for you, depending on several
things, such as the marketing objectives you have
established for your company or the kind of company you
operate.
1. The number of unique users might provide insight into

the exact size of your audience.
For example, a single individual may visit a website four times

every day. According to this logic, if an advertisement is
shown on a website three times, the same person will be
exposed to it three times. This might be a good indicator for a
website that earns money by selling ad impressions. A
website that provides SaaS, on the other hand, would not
have to worry about this metric.
This is because they are more focused on acquiring new

customers.

The amount of traffic that they get is more or less an indicator
of how successful their marketing campaign is.
2. It will be of use to you in getting a better grasp of the

habits and preferences of your customers.
It may be seen as a good sign if your website's visitors return

frequently, because this means they value the information as
well as the products and services you provide. However, if
you see that a high number of people visit your website for
the first time but never return, this might signal that there is a
problem.
You could then opt to launch an investigation to find the

problem and a solution.
How to Measure Unique Visitors?

The terms "unique user" or "unique visitor" may be used to
demonstrate that each individual user or visitor is only
counted once. Bots that categorize web data can make
things difficult. Any suspicious behavior that could be
handled by bots is filtered out throughout the estimation
phase. It is accomplished by requesting cookie permission or
registration from bots to remove their IP addresses.
Look at the number of unique visitors versus the total number

of visits to tell the difference between returning and new
clients.
You can use several services to track unique visitors. These

services include Google Analytics, Yandex.Metrica, Bing
Webmaster Tools, and Adobe Analytics.
Pick one of the web analytics tools, put it on your website,

and you can start keeping track of unique visitors.

Signups
For SaaS companies that offer a free trial, signups may be a
useful number to track.
Your marketing team will have a clear aim to work toward

when you set a trial or account signup as a goal. If your
product can fulfill the needs of these prospective clients, then
an increase in the number of signups should lead to an
increase in revenue. One study found that up to 39% of SaaS
experts who were interviewed made reports about signups.
However, only 15% stated it was one of their most important
indicators as a SaaS business leader.
Signup is an important SaaS metric for B2B companies that

offer freemium or self-service.
The major marketing goal for most SaaS companies, whether

they provide a free trial or a freemium plan, is to drive
signups. Writing informative content for both present and
prospective customers will aid in increasing signups and
optimizing your SaaS conversion rate. This can be organized
by a sign-up source to see which marketing channels are
most significant for lead generation and each stage of your
sales funnel.
Why is tracking signups important?

There is a strong link between the rate of signups and future
revenue growth, which makes this a very important indicator
to keep an eye on. When asked about this statistic, it's
important to have a few prepared responses on hand.
Let's say you've given buyers a few ways to see how your
product improves their lives.
These potential clients provide their contact information in
exchange for this opportunity to explore what you have to
offer and see if they need it. Signing up is a critical aspect of
your conversion plan, and you shouldn't ignore it because it

could have a significant influence on the future of your
business.
Product-Qualified Leads (PQLs)

PQLs are those who have used a free trial version of your
product or a freemium version and have seen its benefits.
Signing up for a free trial or freemium model does not
inherently suggest that they are a qualified lead for your
product. The user must investigate numerous elements of the
product and undertake particular activities before they can be
designated as a PQL.
When using a product-driven growth strategy,

product-qualified leads are frequently misinterpreted to
suggest that no marketing is necessary. Because the value of
a product may only be realized if a consumer opts for a free
trial or freemium model, marketing is critical to the
product-led growth technique.
As an alternative to making prospective customers fill out

lead forms and perform specific qualifying processes, PQLs
allow salespeople to concentrate on acquiring new clients
instead. It's a "try before you buy" approach, where
prospective clients can decide if they want to buy before
speaking with an actual representative.
The free trial version of Intercom, for example, lets customers

test the product before committing to a long-term plan.
How to identify the PQL for your business?

Because there are so many ways to describe PQL, most SaaS
firms struggle to define PQL for their business. The maturity
of your product and business strategy influences how you
define "qualified" leads for your offerings. You must specify
your value metric for your PQL to be correctly defined. The
value metric is what and how you charge your clients at the

end of the day. However, determining your value metric and
effectively setting your prices is more complex than you
might think.
Only a person who has completed a free trial of the full app
and is willing to purchase the product after that trial, or a
person who has used all of the basic features available in a
freemium version and wants more features, is considered a
PQL.
Every SaaS company must continuously revise the definition

of PQL to ensure that end-users receive the genuine value of
the product they use.
With the proper product description, your marketing and

sales teams can properly coordinate, convert a high
percentage of free users into paying customers, and discover
what is preventing your consumers from being successful
with your product. With the right product description, your
marketing and sales teams can work together, turn a high
percentage of free users into paying customers, and find out
what is stopping your customers from being successful with
your product.
Potential customers demonstrate purchasing intent by

engaging in the following product behaviors while using your
app:
● Consumer interest in the product;
● The number of people who use it;
● Components utilized;
● Patterns of monetary expenditure;
● Indicators of usage;

● How rapidly a user or group accepts your product.
If you have access to past product data, identifying the user

actions that are most likely to lead to them becoming paying
customers is simple.
If you are prepared to put in the effort, you can gain a

comprehensive understanding of how consumers' behavior is
related to their upgrade.
But if you don't have this information, you can use product
analytics and adoption platforms to learn more about the
actions that lead to account upgrades.
After that, it's a good idea to start thinking about PQL

definitions. It will be useful when testing a business
hypothesis, even if it is only a theory at the moment.
Qualified Lead Velocity Rate (LVR)

The Lead Velocity Rate can be used to track monthly growth
in qualified leads (LVR). Your LVR percentage shows both how
well your pipeline works and how much your business could
grow in the long run.
Metrics related to revenue can change, but LVR lets you see if
your qualified leads are growing steadily, which is a better
indicator of how your business will do in the future than
metrics related to revenue.
LVR provides a stable starting point, allowing you to make

better predictions and plans for growth and scalability without
having to guess as much. Your revenue growth may be
lagging behind your lead growth, which necessitates a closer
look at your conversion rates to find out what's going on. This
category includes subscription-based SaaS enterprises that
rely on recurring revenue.

Having a real-time growth indicator is very helpful for sales
teams and businesses as a whole. For example, if you expect
a decline in revenue over the winter, you can choose to raise
lead velocity to attract a greater number of leads. Your
quarterly sales quotas are more likely to be met if you can
bring in more qualified prospects.
You must also track your sales qualified lead rate and the
path they take to close a deal if you want to maximize your
lead velocity rate (LVR).
How to calculate Qualified Lead Velocity Rate?

The LVR is derived by subtracting the qualified leads from the
previous month from the qualified leads for the current
month. To make it a percentage, divide the result by the
number of qualified leads generated in the previous month,
multiplied by 100.
In essence:
QL = Qualified Leads
LVR % = ((Number of current month’s QL - Number of

previous month’s QL) / Number of previous month’s QL) x
100

What’s a good LVR?
Depending on the sector, product category, and market
segment that is being targeted, the lead velocity rate can vary
a lot. Even though an increase is a good sign, it doesn't tell
you how many of those qualified leads turn into actual sales
or revenue.
However, a B2B company's LVR is a reliable measure of its

performance. It should be able to anticipate future revenue
while also displaying current sales performance. To get the
most out of your LVR, it must be capable of recommending
swift strategic alterations.
Organic vs. Paid Traffic ROI

Organic traffic growth must be established gradually to
achieve the desired results. Even though spending money on
campaigns can get you sponsored traffic right away and
quick conversions, it is important to remember that these
results are not guaranteed. Because each traffic channel has
its pros and cons, a business can benefit greatly from using
both of them.
Your organic traffic will go up if you post interesting content

regularly, like blogs, influencer activities, brand awareness
campaigns, and social media posts that go viral. Paid traffic
can, however, be obtained through search, social media,
affiliate marketing, and programmatic advertising. When they
are in perfect harmony, organic and sponsored traffic
complement each other excellently. You can use organic
content to analyze and change your advertising materials to
make sure your money is well spent.
ROAS and ROI are frequently calculated by comparing them

to the outcomes of sponsored marketing efforts. To figure out
a website's real return on investment (ROI), marketers should
map out the whole buying funnel, including both organic and

paid results.
Businesses that rely on sales revenue may struggle to justify,

for example, a $70 cost per acquisition through paid
advertising. The cost per acquisition may be as low as $15
when organic and paid results are combined. From a
business point of view, this is a no-brainer and gives the
needed return on investment (ROI).
As a result, establishing business success demands finding

the ideal mix of organic and paid efforts and
accomplishments. Marketing agility, often known as
"balanced marketing", has proven beneficial for many
organizations since it provides a cost-effective balance
between organic and sponsored traffic approaches.
Viral Coefficient
Existing customers' recommendations are taken into account
when calculating the viral coefficient, which indicates the
overall number of new users that have joined as a result of
the recommendations of other users. When it comes to
gauging virality, it's nothing more than an estimate of the
company's exponential referral cycle.
The term "viral" refers to something that has a viral coefficient
of more than one. A firm can increase its consumer base
rapidly if its products have a high viral rate.
In most circumstances, the length of the viral cycle is taken

into account when calculating the viral coefficient. Viral cycle
time refers to the time it takes for a consumer to recommend
a business's product to another, who then becomes a client
and spreads the word further. If the viral cycle happens
quickly, it can speed up the growth of the business.
Why is the Viral Coefficient Important?

Growth and client base expansion can be measured by the
viral coefficient, which is a measure of the company's
success. An increasing coefficient indicates a growing
consumer base. Businesses with high viral coefficients have
the potential for rapid growth.
As a result of the viral nature of their products, companies

can significantly increase the number of people using them. A
further benefit of word-of-mouth advertising is that it

eliminates the cost of gaining new clients. However, this
metric is a direct effect of the product, so enhancing virality
begins with improving the product.
Also, as a result of the variability of viral coefficients, it is

impossible to estimate the viral coefficient accurately. Along
with that, in the real world, growth at an exponential rate is
almost impossible to achieve just through customer referrals.
How to calculate Viral Coefficient?

To calculate the viral coefficient, divide the total number of
users who joined through referrals by the total number of
customers. This will give you the viral coefficient. We can
represent it using the formula, which is as follows:
You can also determine the viral coefficient by multiplying the

number of invitations sent out by each user (referrals, shares,
or anything else that most accurately represents an invitation
to use your product or service) by the average conversion
rate of those invitations. In essence:
Customer Conversion Rate

Conversion is the percentage of those who are interested in
buying a product or service that do so. Conversion rate can
also be referred to as the percentage of site visitors who
carry out the actions you want them to carry out when they
are on a certain website or landing page.
In most cases of conversion, some actions can be tracked

that lead to paying customers. Depending on the
organization's goal, any of the following could be considered
conversion activities: signing up for an email newsletter,
becoming a client, filling out an online form, calling the
company, downloading papers, etc.
Increasing the rate at which customers become customers

can have a big effect on getting leads, making sales, and
making money. Instead of trying to increase the number of
visitors, this metric is intended to make the most of current
ones.
Why is Customer Conversion Rate important?

Conversion rates allow you to assess the effectiveness of
various advertising techniques. Conversion rates are

important in mobile user acquisition initiatives since they may
be used to assess the effectiveness of each one. As a
campaign scales up, it can also be used to estimate a return
on investment (ROI).
While the number of clicks that lead to a sale is essential,

conversion rates can also refer to events that take place
further down the sales funnel. It is possible to assess the
percentage of app users that have performed a given action
within an app. One significant advantage is that it assists
advertisers and marketers in identifying their most valuable
clients. With this information, the campaign's targeting and
efficacy can be increased.
Data on conversion rates can help advertisers figure out how

well their campaigns are working and help them make
strategic decisions. A less-than-ideal user experience
indicated by low conversion rates (for example, if users are
having difficulty signing in) can be used to expose faults in
the app's user experience and identify other areas for
improvement.
How to calculate Customer Conversion Rate?

To determine the customer conversion rate, first divide the
number of site visitors who finished a certain action in a
certain period by the total number of site visits, and then
multiply this figure by 100.

Average Revenue Per Account (ARPA)
Using ARPA, a profitability metric, you can see how much
money a firm is making from each client account. ARPA can
be calculated on a monthly, quarterly, or yearly timescale.
One client may have many accounts with a corporation,
making it difficult to define the average revenue per account
(ARPA) or the average revenue per user (ARPU) as
synonymously as is commonly assumed.
Even though ARPA is not recognized by generally accepted

accounting principles (GAAP), many companies use it to track
and assess profitability. Businesses with a subscription-based
business strategy or those that offer some sort of service
typically use the ARPA measure. ARPA, for example, is
frequently used by telecommunications, social media, and
banking organizations.
An organization's profitability on an account basis may be

seen clearly with the use of this indicator. The greatest and
least profitable goods and services of a firm can be identified.

Why is ARPA important?
ARPA should be monitored for a variety of reasons. For
starters, it might be a useful measure of development and
profitability. Second, it may aid in your understanding and
analysis of your consumers. ARPA can observe monthly client
patterns, allowing company owners to understand which
products are the most lucrative and which subscription levels
are the most popular.
Some say that ARPA is only a vanity indicator for businesses,

since it may be changed by a small number of significant
consumers in a short period of time. However, if you monitor
ARPA for both new and existing clients and compare it to
other important SaaS metrics, it might be a very valuable tool
for reviewing current performance and planning for future
growth.
ARPA may also indicate that your marketing and sales efforts
are bearing fruit. In addition, by comparing your ARPA against
competitors, you can easily and quickly evaluate
performance. It could be useful to compare your sales results
to those of your competitors, who use a comparable sales
method. If you do outperform your competitors, it is a great
statistic for investors.
ARPA, for example, may have a direct impact on a client's

lifetime value. Simply said, boosting ARPA may enhance LTV.
How to calculate ARPA?

While figuring out ARPA is a straightforward computation,
keep in mind that the total number of accounts might vary
greatly during the course of a single day. Consequently,
businesses typically compute the average number of
accounts based on a given period of time.
You can calculate ARPA by taking the company's total

revenue for a period and dividing it by the number of
accounts the company has for that period. In essence:
How to Increase ARPA

To boost ARPA, you must raise your monthly consumer
income. And while there are many ways to increase monthly
consumer income and sales, ARPA maintains that it's just as
important to keep and please current customers as it is to
find and sign up new ones.
● Make a plan for future upgrades and add-ons.
You can raise your ARPA by increasing your expansion
MRR, which is the recurring revenue from upgrades,
add-ons, and cross-sells that you get from your current
customers. Customers that are acquainted with and
appreciate your product or service might be a great
resource.
You may observe a growth in your APRA over time if

you provide your customers with the option to
upgrade their subscriptions, acquire more items or
services, or take advantage of new capabilities in the
products they already possess.
● Retaining Existing Clients

Your ARPA is intimately tied to the turnover of your
customers. Even though losing customers is
unavoidable, a clear strategy for keeping them can
make it less likely that they will leave.
The plan includes customer service, churn avoidance,

and incentives for high-profile customers. Additionally,
this approach includes the creation of
customer-focused groups and events.
● Choosing the Right Customers to Sell to

A detailed buyer persona may help you discover and
target the most probable customers of your product or
service, making your sales and marketing efforts more
successful in the long run.
Other ways to boost ARPA may be lost if your major

focus is on low-revenue prospects (those who join up
for a low price point and never upgrade).

Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC)
The Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC) is the cost of obtaining
new customers (CAC). When it comes to selling a product or
service, CAC includes the whole cost of sales and marketing,
including property and equipment.
When CAC is compared to Lifetime Value or Monthly

Recurring Revenue, it is possible to determine whether a
company is running efficiently.
How to Calculate Customer Acquisition Costs

To calculate CAC, just divide your total marketing budget by
the number of customers obtained over that period.

Why is Customer acquisition cost (CAC) important
CAC is used by investors to assess your company's scalability
and profitability. Examining your clients' purchasing habits
may identify profit potential as well as the associated
expenses. Investors in this atmosphere are more concerned
with the now than with the future. They'll be interested in any
future modifications to the statistics as long as they can back
up their claims.
CAC is used by your company's marketing staff, including

marketing managers and other marketing-related experts, as
well as operational specialists, to optimize advertising
expenditures. Collaboration with these individuals may result
in cheaper expenses and larger profit margins.
Everyone in your company is invested in its success and

wants to see it expand. In the meantime, your company wants
to increase its profit margins so that it can pass the savings
on to its customers and get a stronger market position. CAC
can be a useful tool for monitoring progress toward these
objectives.

Who is Customer Acquisition Cost Metric Important to?
There are two primary categories of people worried about the
cost of obtaining new customers: investors and businesses.
Investors seeking a respectable internet technology company

to work with are included in this category. The profitability of
a firm is sometimes assessed by comparing the amount of
money that can be extracted from customers with the amount
of money that was spent on the extraction process.
Even though many investors are concerned about the

present situation, they aren't interested in future promises
until they can be shown.
A company's internal operations or marketing department

may also benefit from the client acquisition cost metric. The
company's financial specialists utilize it to make sure its
money gets the highest possible return. In this case, the less
money a company spends on customer acquisition, the more
profit it will make.
While investors are more concerned with providing the

company with the required resources, a company's partners
are more concerned with its growth and the capacity to pass
on the company's value to its customers to obtain a more
prominent market position.
How You Can Improve Your Customer Acquisition Cost
● Evaluate your current statistics.

Before trying to enhance your CAC, you should
evaluate your present CAC, ROI, and CLV.
Many firms simply consider the return on investment

when evaluating the effectiveness of their inside sales
force (ROI). However, a good ROI does not rule out the
possibility of improving your renewal strategy and
marketing efforts.
A better grasp of ROI, CAC, and CLV will allow you to

make more educated choices about how to spend
your marketing money in the future. Use all three of
these figures in your inside sales plan for long-term
success.
● To lower CAC, marketing and sales tactics should be

synchronized.
To reduce your CAC, you should concentrate on
refining your sales and marketing strategies. This
might have a big impact on the quality of leads that
reach your sales funnel.
Consider utilizing internal sales and business

development representatives to better understand
your customers' requirements. To attract leads who are
already aware of the value of your product or service,
you need to appropriately address customer problems.
Schedule regular meetings to keep your sales,

business development, and content teams on the
same page. You can then use A/B testing to fine-tune
your approach.
Make sure that any modifications you make to your

CAC are regularly monitored. A change in content, for
example, may encourage more individuals to arrange
a call, but it may also attract consumers who cannot
afford your services.
Cheap marketing strategies do not appear out of

anywhere. A little adjustment in CAC is a step forward,
so keep experimenting to optimize your strategy,
widen your funnel, and acquire more consumers at a

lower cost.
● Make Use of Sales Instruments.

Customer relationship management (CRM) and sales
enablement systems will not instantly reduce CAC.
They may, however, assist you and your team in
identifying a plethora of development opportunities.
You may improve cross-team communication,
automate laborious tasks, streamline current
processes, and swiftly qualify new leads by using
these technologies.
You can better discover gaps in your sales funnel and

manage customer interactions with the aid of
technologies such as Salesforce and Gainsight.
Enhanced efficacy and efficiency in the sales and
marketing divisions are also positive side effects of
these tools.
While they may seem expensive, the long-term

benefits of these tools considerably surpass their initial
costs. To lower CAC and increase ROI, make sure
you're using best practices that complement your
sales process.
● Increase Customer Retention.

To realize the advantages of strong client relations, it is
necessary to promote exceptional customer service
across the sales funnel. Because you have invested in
bringing them to the door, keeping them is the
greatest method to enhance CLV and ROI over time.
Using customer success strategies may assist you in
maintaining a solid connection with your customers.
Some of these marketing strategies are feedback
loops, contracts that last for more than one year, and
loyalty or referral programs.

Client retention programs are another technique to
boost customer loyalty. Referrals from pleased
customers may help you attract new customers at a
lower cost of acquisition (CAC). In addition to
profit-generating enterprises, you should investigate
all the ways in which your present clients might deliver
a greater return on investment.
Monthly Recurring Revenue (MRR)

Knowing how much money you can anticipate generating
from your clients each month is critical for businesses. MRR is
used to determine a company's monthly cash flow.
An MRR is merely a rough estimate of a company's monthly

recurring revenue. Subscription-based businesses, such as
SaaS providers, often concentrate on this statistic as their
customer base grows.
MRR is a popular number among investors, even though

major accounting standards like GAAP and IASB don't take it
into account. Investors can quickly judge how well a company
is doing by looking at how MRR changes from month to
month. As a consequence, the vast majority of publicly-traded
SaaS firms disclose this figure.
By integrating your many price plans and payment periods

into a single figure, you will be able to track any changes
across them all simultaneously.
With several pricing alternatives for their products or services,

businesses must maintain constant income. A company's
MRR is a metric that measures the monthly normalized
revenue (earnings that have been revised to eliminate
seasonality and abnormal sales and expenditures).

Why is MRR important?
Even though monthly recurring revenue (MRR) seems like a
high-level signal that only companies would care about, it is
taken into account by both management and individual sales
staff.
MRR is the best way to measure a subscription company's

financial performance. Because of this, a predetermined MRR
is often used as a way to measure how well a company,
division, team, or even an individual is doing. Because MRR
measures customers' willingness to pay a recurring monthly
fee, it is much more important than other metrics like growth
rate, customer retention, or average selling price.
Businesses can benefit greatly from using the MRR metric in

business operations. First and foremost, businesses can use
the metric to generate estimates about their finances.
Because the MRR is stable and consistent, companies can
more easily predict how much money they will make in the
future. With this information, it's easy to predict how profitable
the company will be in the future, as long as its monthly sales
stay the same.

When analyzing the growth trends of a firm, monthly recurring
revenue is a useful metric to employ. The MRR provides a
revenue picture that is more consistent and standardized. As
a direct consequence of this, a company may be able to
recognize patterns in its expansion that are stable and similar.
How to calculate MRR?

For the MRR calculation, just two numbers are required: The
ARPA and the total number of customer accounts for the
month. Multiply the two numbers to find your MRR.
Assume your average revenue per account is $270, and you

have 2,000 customers in a month. Using this formula, your
monthly recurring revenue would then be $540,000.
How To Improve Your MRR?
● Raise your rates.

Pricing hikes are a simple method to boost your
recurring income. Before you decide to raise your
prices, make sure you first enhance your product or

service. This sort of improvement may include new
features, improved customer service, and product
upgrades.
Some consumers will be upset if you inform them that

you will be raising your monthly fee. However, they will
stick around if the price hike is explained to them if the
product or service satisfies their needs.
● Have multiple price tiers.

When selecting how much to charge, consider a
variety of price options. A lot of companies employ this
method to deliver free items that are subsequently
enhanced by different paid plans that feature a slew of
extra perks.
Customers may choose the package that best

matches their requirements if you provide many
options. To entice them to buy, provide your most
important features in the premium plan.
● Increase the number of prospects.

Examine your marketing strategy and discover where
you can make changes. Your marketing plan will be
different when you initially start, since your business
may have grown, and you may now have a larger
budget.
Marketing tactics such as
● Pay-per-click advertisements
● Search engine optimization
● Discounts and promotions
● Content Promotion
● Making use of social media for marketing

objectives
Using any these marketing tactics to get your firm in

front of new clients might be beneficial.
● Increase your upsell options.

You have more opportunities to upsell your consumers
if you provide a variety of price options. If your clients
need a function that you do not provide, there is a
chance to upsell them to a more expensive plan.
Say you offer an email marketing software and the free

plan has a restriction on the number of email
addresses users may add. You may be able to provide
a paid service with more slots to your clients. This
gives them a reason to pay for your software.
● Make sure you're giving your customers what they

want.
Giving your customers what they want is a smart way
to increase your recurring revenue. At the price point,
you've set, your product or service should outperform
the competition.
You should start paying attention to what consumers

are saying through feedback gathering. By doing so,
you may get a good idea of what your present and
prior consumers think about your product or service. A
clear image of what your customers want may assist
you in deciding what modifications to adopt.
● Put client retention initiatives in place.

Maintaining your current clients is an important issue
for you to address. Increasing repeat business is
impossible if you're losing customers.
Implementing a customer retention strategy has the

dual advantage of increasing recurring revenue and

broadening your client base.
To improve customer retention, you should adopt

methods, such as:
● Customer Relationship Management (CRM);
● Creation of a reward system;
● Long-term customer satisfaction strategies;
● Commitment to customer service;
● Providing extra incentives to your consumers to

increase the value of your goods.
Number of Support Tickets Created

This key performance indicator monitors the number of
customers who have contacted you through your support
channel to request assistance and are now awaiting a
response from you.
How to calculate the number of New Support Tickets?

This metric doesn’t need much calculation since it assumes
you already have a mechanism in place for recording the
dates on which support tickets were created, this mechanism
can be a web server database.
However, to calculate the number of new tickets, first choose

a period from which you will make your calculation, and then,
from your database, check how many tickets were created
daily.
This means, therefore, that:
New Support Tickets = Total Tickets Created For A Certain

Period = Ticket Volume

Average First Response Time
In the context of customer service, "first response time" refers
to the length of time it takes for an agent working in a contact
center to answer a client's question. Average response time
measures how quickly your customer service representatives
respond to assistance requests.
Why is Average First Response Time important?

Client happiness is highly related to how soon a company
responds to a customer query. Responding to inquiries as
soon as possible promotes customer satisfaction. Businesses
can profit from developing relationships with their customers
because it may lead to more income in the future.
SLAs, service-level agreements, can be established by

organizations for a variety of situations. That way, agents who
deal with customers are held accountable for late responses
to requests. Managers can also keep a close check on the
performance of individual agents thanks to the usage of
SLAs.
Businesses need to keep a close eye on the average first

response time to determine whether it is getting higher or

lower. If the organization's first response time continues to
rise, it may be in jeopardy.
How to Calculate Average First Response Time?

Average First Response Time is calculated by dividing the
total amount of time elapsed before the first responses are
sent in a chosen period by the number of customer requests
whose first responses were sent in that same chosen time
frame.
How do you reduce the first response time?
● Make Sure Your Agents Are Well-Trained

The quality of your customer service agent's training is
strongly related to FRT success. This implies that if
your agents are well-versed in your product and
business procedures, they will spend less time looking
for solutions. This is an excellent indicator that your
personnel is doing an excellent job, and it also implies
that they are responding to consumer inquiries much
more quickly.

Setting SLAs or time limitations for different scenarios
is a smart idea. As a result, personnel in charge of
delivering customer service are required to do it
swiftly. Managers may use SLAs to monitor how well
their customer service agents are doing against the
standards defined by the firm, and tailor training
sessions or live demonstrations to help them meet or
exceed those requirements.
Only hiring experienced customer service

representatives may be beneficial. However, a
well-organized onboarding procedure and a constantly
updated knowledge base should make it simpler to
hire a "newbie" in customer care.
● Decrease multitasking and improve agent focus and

performance.
In today's multichannel social media market, it's
tempting to place too much pressure on your agents,
but this is a poor idea. A more systematic strategy, on
the other hand, may assist even the worst agents. Try
putting all of your agents on the same channel for a
few hours at a time to see what happens. Improved
quality and accuracy may ensue, perhaps speeding up
the problem-solving process.
Always keep in mind that overworked agents may

exhibit poor performance and possibly quit.
● Create an extensive knowledge base.

Customer service agents should have complete
access to all the information required to service
consumers. When it comes to your company's goods
and services, having a comprehensive knowledge
base that is simple to use and comprehend is critical.
To save time and confusion, it should be able to
answer the most frequently asked questions.

To build service plans and anticipate their customers'
demands, agents may profit from doing
comprehensive research on purchasing behaviors and
current market trends. A CRM should also provide
access to a customer's history.
A FAQ section may be a lifesaver for your customer

support agents when it comes to basic issues like
product price. However, more sophisticated
information, such as product compatibility, may require
a bigger commitment of time from your agents.
However, you should have a knowledge base article
that can address any expected questions.
And because some inquiries will be fresh and

unexpected, keep your workers motivated to add to
the knowledge base.
● The fastest channels should be used to their full

potential, while slow ones should be improved upon.
Prioritize the use of real-time communication
technologies such as live chat and instant messaging.
Help desk service providers like Zendesk and Help
Scout offer a broad variety of capabilities and
simplicity of use. Clients who want prompt responses
are increasingly turning to text services. According to a
survey by Microsoft, 66% of consumers have
contacted customer service through three or more
channels.
Even though comment sections on websites and blogs

are often neglected, this should not be the case. If
possible, automate as much of the process as possible
and ensure that all comments are promptly replied.
Your agents, who should be trained to reply to these
inquiries as soon as they are posted, should do so

exactly as rapidly as they do on other channels.
Instead of depending only on chatbots, give your real
customer service representatives the chance to
respond.
Consider utilizing Discord or WhatsApp to engage with

customers to increase your FRT. Search the internet
for previously untapped resources to get a competitive
advantage and to find support channels that huge
corporations have not identified.
● Make it easier for agents to serve clients.

The usual customer service technology stack provides
a significant difficulty for customer care agents:
Determining how to deal with all of the various
systems and APIs. You should look at support solutions
that make it simpler for your agents to do their jobs by
removing the need for them to switch between
numerous tools and systems.
Your agents' pleasure is as equally important as your

customers' satisfaction. You will spend more money
training new agents than you would save by listening
to your current agents and responding to their needs
and recommendations for increasing efficiency.
Because your agents interact with consumers daily,
you can be certain that they understand what it takes
to keep them satisfied better than you do.
● Avoiding burnout is crucial.

Even though customer service representatives are
often exceptional performers, they may lose
enthusiasm if they are overworked and weary. Your
agents' burnout may be lessened if you express your
appreciation for their efforts. Thank-you cards and
other expressions of appreciation may significantly
increase agent morale. It may be feasible to utilize

FRTs to identify and reward high performers.
Choose your customer service employees properly,

since they will engage with both current and new
consumers. And because worker weariness may be
increased by poor CRM navigation, keep an eye on
your representative's performance and do whatever
you can to keep the workplace pleasant and the
workload reasonable.
Average Resolution Time (ART)

The Average Resolution Time calculates how long it takes
your customer care representatives on average to resolve all
open tickets during a certain period. A careful review of each
agent may identify the agents who are taking the longest to
resolve issues. Consider the severity of the problem affecting
customer service as well as the number of agents available to
queued issues during the period being evaluated when
calculating your company's "Average Resolution Time".
Why is ART important?

Because your time is precious to you, and your customer's
time is valuable to them, the average resolution time is
significant. Answering a customer's question is not enough.
Customer satisfaction is nearly always greater among those
who ask a question and immediately get a suitable response
than among those who must wait days for an answer.
In line with that, responding quickly and effectively to client
complaints boosts customer satisfaction and loyalty.
ART is beneficial for the customer experience since it

measures the average time it takes to get an acceptable
resolution (rather than just the amount of time it takes to
receive a response).
While wait durations and early responses may be measured,

a quick but incorrect or incomplete response might still result
in a negative customer experience.
When you monitor your ART, you may have a deeper

understanding of the diverse experiences your customers are
experiencing. It might, for example:
● Assist in locating interactions that are taking longer

than expected, that have been forgotten about, or
have been lost;
● Assist in recognizing more challenging tasks that will

need further work from others;
● Make a note of any internal processes that require an

extended period to resolve.
A customer service team may have several ART values

generated depending on distinct teams, locations, client
categories, or product types. Observing and comparing how
those indicators change might help you better understand
your customers' experiences.
How to calculate ART?

Divide the overall resolution time for all tickets resolved in a
particular period by the total number of tickets resolved in the
same timeframe to determine your Average Resolution Time.
In reality, the average might be skewed by differences in

customer service software, making it difficult to make
meaningful comparisons. Should you term a chat "resolved" if
it has been closed without the consumer receiving a
response? Also, what if the customer has not responded for
days or weeks?

What Is a Good ART?
The average time to resolution across all sectors is about
8:30 minutes. Recent benchmarking data varies per industry,
and these differences are listed below:
● All industries: under 8:30 minutes;
● Under 6 minutes for retail and eCommerce;
● Below 9 minutes for services;
● Under 4 minutes for shipping and logistics;
● Below 9 minutes for telecommunications;
● Under 5 minutes for financial services and banking.
How To Improve Your ART?

It is important to discover more efficient means of addressing
client problems to better serve them. Before pursuing any of
the following alternatives, consider the following: Is your
current ART a problem for you or your customers? If you're
already surpassing the average response time expectations
of your clients, you may want to focus on other aspects of
your customer experience.

If you are going to take action, you must first establish where
your time is being spent. Gaining a few additional minutes on
a quick first response won't make a difference in the overall
quality of the experience for the customer if it takes a while to
transfer conversations to other departments.
Determining where time is wasted will probably require some

actual labor. Individual interactions that were addressed
quickly, in an acceptable length of time, and those that took a
long time to resolve should be thoroughly explored in the
records you keep.
Using the time stamps offered by most help desk systems,

you may generate a timeline of the conversation's
development. Even if you think you know where your time
goes, real data may be surprising.
If you don't have a lot of data, 20 to 30 interactions should be

enough to give you a decent notion of how much time is
spent in a typical conversation. Determine where time is
being spent, and then prioritize it based on how much time is
being lost and how easy it is to save time.
While there are more ways to optimize Average Response

Time, they have been fully explained under Average First
Response Time. The methods of improving AFRT can be used
to improve ART.
Net Promoter Score (NPS)

The Net Promoter Score (NPS) is a scale that varies from -100
to 100 and assesses how likely consumers are to recommend
your company's product or service. If the product or service
gets more good reviews than negative ratings, this suggests
that the product or service is helpful to customers.
A survey in which customers are asked, "On a scale of 0 to

10, how likely are you to recommend Company A to a friend

or colleague?" is an illustration of a Net Promoter Score (NPS).
How to Calculate the Net Promoter Score

The formula for calculating a company's Net Promoter Score
(NPS) is as follows:
NPS = % of promoters - % of detractors
On a scale of 1 to 10, detractors are considered to be from 1 to

6, while promoters are customers who choose 9 and 10.
Those who choose 7 and 8 are considered neutrals.
A more comprehensive formula is as follows:
NPS = Number of promoters - number of detractors /

number of total respondents X 100
How to Improve Your Net Promoter Score
● Interact with detractors.

It is not enough to just follow up on a bad meeting to
rebuild your connection with critics or detractors. The

core reason for consumer dissatisfaction must be
addressed as a top priority. If you effectively resolve
their problem, customers may see your service in a
whole new light. In order to eliminate any recurrent
unfavorable encounters, your employees should not
only seek out client feedback, but also aid in resolving
individual concerns and building connections with
clients on a larger scale.
● Utilize promoters
With the help of your most loyal customers, you can
quickly and effectively recruit new customers and raise
your customer satisfaction rating. It is vital to get
specific feedback from your promoters in order to
understand more about how your company differs
from the competition and how you can better serve
your clients.
While promoters may be satisfied, they must be

remembered while seeking to persuade detractors.
Rather than attempting to win over consumers who are
unsatisfied with your service, a more cost-effective
approach is to maintain current customers who are
already enthusiasts.
● It is vital to form groups dedicated to meeting the

demands of consumers.
From purchasing and production to customer support,
every member of the company's staff should place a
major emphasis on ensuring that the company's clients
are happy with the services they get. When consumers
have a favorable experience with a company, it has a
beneficial effect not only on the Net Promoter Score,
but also on the overall image of the brand that is
associated with the business.
● Make it simple for consumers to promote your brand.

It's common for individuals to open up about negative
experiences, but not so much about positive ones.
Provide a user-friendly platform so that customers may
simply share their good experiences on social media
with their friends and family. Incorporate social media
share buttons into your surveys, and consider
rewarding respondents with gift cards or other
incentives. Customers who are involved are more
likely to share the word about what they've learned.
You must organize competitions, perform surveys, and
reply to your customers' queries in order to stay in
contact with them.
● Incorporate NPS with CRM and other key

performance metrics for your business.
Even a small improvement in NPS may have a
substantial effect on the amount of money a firm
spends and makes. Find out what KPI variables lead to
a better Net Promoter Score by doing an analysis of
the results of your NPS survey as well as the activities
of your CRM clients.

Number of Active Users
Active users refer to someone who often utilizes an app or
website. The daily, weekly, and monthly use of an app is
tracked for each user over this period to give the developer
an accurate view of how many people use the app.
Why Should You Measure Your Active Users?

Companies must reach as many individuals as possible who
suit their buyer profiles if they want to grow a strong user
base, establish their brand as an authority, and nurture loyal
customer relationships.
However, how can they tell whether their marketing efforts

are effective and how pleased their clients are with your
product or service? Knowing how many people are currently
logged in at the same moment might help them determine
that.
You won't be able to assess your customers' lifetime value

until you have a thorough grasp of their retention rates. This
is because retention rates are determined by whether your
users remain active after a particular period or not.
When attempting to assess the market position of your

company, knowing the number of individuals who actively use
your product or service is a fantastic place to start.
How to measure Active Users

To accurately measure active users for a SaaS product, you
can use analytics systems like Google Analytics, Heap
Analytics, other third-party systems, or in-house analytics
systems.
Calculating the number of active users may seem to be a

simple task, but the definition of "active" can make things
more complicated than necessary. For instance, how do you
determine whether a user is active or not? To answer this
question, you would have to set up criteria that users must
meet to be considered active. Here are a few things you
should do to track active users:
● Determining what it takes to be an active user;
● Determining the timeframe you want to analyze (e.g.,

daily, weekly, or monthly);
● Making a list of all the users who meet your active user
criteria within a certain period.
According to the above, to calculate how many active users

there are in a given time frame, one of three approaches may
be used:
Daily Active Users [DAU]

DAU is used to describe the total number of unique visitors
that interact with your website or mobile app on a particular
day.
If you run a calendar software that is used for scheduling

meetings and your long-term goal is to have more than 5,000
customers using your website to schedule meetings, the
following is how your DAU would work:
● The number of unique users that make use of your

application on a certain day in order to schedule a
meeting for themselves;
● An individual will be regarded as an inactive user if

they log in but do not make any bookings for
themselves during their session;
● On the other hand, if you want to increase the number

of people who see your website, the number of active
users would be the number of unique people who
merely visit your website;
● If the same individual visits your website or uses your

app many times in the course of a single day, they will
be counted only once when you compute your DAU,
since that measure takes into account the total
number of unique users that visit or do some other
activity.
Using DAU as a way of measuring growth may be deceptive.

This is because you won't be able to correctly analyze your
retention rate or determine if the unique visitors are
customers or even prospects.
The number of individuals using your product or service

(recurring users) towards the end of the month may be
significantly fewer than the number of unique visitors to your
site in a single day, which can be disappointing. However,
your DAU is still important to measure.
Weekly Active Users [WAU]

The number of users that have visited or used your app or
website within the past seven days, beginning on a specific
day, is referred to as the Weekly Active Users (WAU) metric.
If you had 100 unique visitors from Sunday through Friday,

and you lost 30 on Saturday, but the other 70 returned, you'd
have a WAU of 100. They are considered active users for the
week because they visited or engaged with the site at least
once during that period.
Monthly Active Users [MAU]

This metric gives the total number of unique individuals who
have visited, logged into, or interacted with your website or

mobile app at least once in the preceding thirty days.
Examining the MAU metric is the best way to find out whether
your company is moving in the right direction towards
success or not. It gives an overview of the number of
returning customers as well as new customers for your
organization.
An additional application for a company's MAU is to analyze

the effectiveness of a marketing campaign, as well as to
determine how present and potential customers perceive the
company's products and services. Since they might affect a
company's stock price, many in the social media industry
keep tabs on monthly active users (MAUs).
Customer Retention Rate (CRR)

The customer retention rate of a company indicates how long
it can keep its present clients before losing them. Customers
who have been loyal to a company for an extended period
are calculated by customer retention rate. If your firm starts
the year with 100 customers and loses 30 at the end, your
retention rate is 70%.
Measuring customer retention is critical if a business wants to

establish a client's lifetime value and the efficiency of its
marketing and customer service operations.
But there's more to customer retention than that. You must

account for new customers as well so that your data is not
tainted. If you start with 100 customers and lose 30 before
adding 50 more, you shouldn’t consider it a 120% retention
rate. In reality, believing that you can simply balance attrition
by acquiring new customers is a mistake.

Retention rate vs. churn rate
As the name indicates, your customer churn rate is directly
proportional to how long your current clients remain with you.
A retention rate of 70%, for example, indicates your churn
rate is 30%. Simply divide the number of customers who left
during a certain period by the number at the start of that
period and multiply by 100 to get an accurate picture of your
company's churn rate for that period.
Say there were a thousand customers at the beginning of a

certain period, and you lost 400 customers. The formula for
that would be:
(400 / 1000) x 100, which equals a 40% churn rate and a

60% retention rate.
Because the word "churn" may mean various things in

different scenarios, determining how many of your customers
have left your business can be tricky.
Businesses, on the other hand, must pick and choose which

clients they deem 'churned'. Certain clients may choose to

terminate their memberships after a free trial period for a
company's service has expired. Should the corporation count
these consumers as churned even if they did not affect the
corporation's earnings? Because of all this, using multiple
customer retention indicators might help you discover more
about why certain customers stay while others go.
Why is Customer Retention Rate important?

The capacity of a firm to retain customers is strongly tied to
its ability to gain new ones, as well as to satisfy those it
currently has. It also improves client loyalty, boosts ROI, and
draws new customers. Maintaining a loyal customer base may
save you money in the long term since they spend more, buy
more often, and recommend your firm to others.
Client retention is one of the many elements that contribute

to a company's growth and success. This is because:
● The cost of obtaining a new customer is six to seven

times that of retaining an existing one;
● Customers that stay loyal buy more often and spend

more money than those who are new to the
organization. They've learned to recognize the value
of a product or service and will return to it again and
again;
● An increase in customer retention of 5% has the

potential to raise revenue by 25% to 95%;
● Customers who are satisfied and loyal are more likely

to sing a company's praises and suggest it to their
friends and family, bringing in new customers at no
expense to the company.
While it may seem obvious that a company's main objective is

to retain existing clients, during rapid growth, it is easy to

forget the necessity of delivering proactive customer service
to those who have already acquired.
How to calculate Customer Retention Rate?

To calculate CRR, you will need three numbers: 1) The number
of customers at the start of the chosen period; 2) The number
of customers at the end of that period; and 3) The number of
customers that you acquired during that period.
Let's represent the three numbers as SCN (starting customer

number), ECN (ending customer number), and ACN (acquired
customer number). Now, subtract ACN from SCN, then divide
whatever is the result by SCN, then multiply by 100 to make it
a percentage. Say you started with 500 customers and
ended up with 412 while gaining 100 new customers. The
calculation is as follows:
(412 - 100) / 500, then multiply by 100. The result will be 62.4,
meaning that your customer retention rate is 62.4%.
A client retention rate of 99% shows that you barely lost your
customers. If your retention rate is zero, you've lost them all.

What is a good CRR?
There is no obvious answer to this question, as CRR varies
according to industry. An accounting firm that does 90% of its
business in a single month has a far worse customer
retention rate than a SaaS company that charges customers
monthly. As an accountant, if your work is well received, you
may be able to earn a high CRR. However, repeat consumers
may not be as common in the retail industry as they are in
other sectors.
The CRR in most sectors is less than 20%. However,

consumer retention is typically around 25% in the media and
financial sectors, while customer retention rates for
eCommerce and SaaS businesses are typically about 35%.
Remember that these are broad averages, which might

change substantially if additional specific data from each
category's subcategories are taken into account. You should
not rely on this comparison too much, even though it's
tempting to do so. Focus exclusively on enhancing your
current level of success.
If you can, calculate your CRR as far back as possible, and

then see what the results are. Has there been a change in
direction, or are they staying the same? Are your quarters
stable? Have any of the financials from last year come to your
attention? If the rate has been progressively declining for
some time, it's crucial to keep an eye on it and make some
business adjustments.
How To Improve Your Customer Retention Rate?
● Are your customers able to reach you?

Consider the last time you had a bad experience with
a firm. It's possible that it was because you couldn't

reach a live person on the phone. Poor customer
service is one of the most prominent reasons for
customer dissatisfaction.
The goal here is to make it as easy as possible for

customers to contact you. A decent business phone
system with simple call routing may make it simpler for
your customers to contact you.
● Take a look at your online presence.

Are your website and social media accounts up to
date? Are they comprehensive and informative? Your
website is usually the first place consumers go for
information or assistance. You want to make it as easy
for your customers to find and use as possible — and
to provide them with a choice of ways to contact you.
It is not enough to just set up social accounts on a

variety of platforms. It is also vital that you respond to
these conversations as soon as possible so that your
customers do not have to wait. Even though delivering
online customer service is not easy, it is doable with
the correct tools.
● Can customers expect a timely response from you?

Ignoring your phone, email, or social media messages
is as inconvenient as not being able to reach
someone. Set targets for responding to voicemails.
Set aside time each day to check your email or

respond to comments on your social media postings.
All of these actions work together to help you answer
customer questions quickly, solve their problems, and
keep them as customers for long periods.
● How is the acquainting process going?

How steep is your product's or service's learning

curve? Is there anything you can do to simplify things
for a new customer? The first few contacts with your
product have a significant impact on whether
consumers will continue to use it or not. Make it easy
for your consumers to utilize your product by providing
them with the necessary tools and information.
● Is the price you're asking reasonable?

Every human being is wired to want to get anything for
the least amount of money possible. It is often the
factor that receives the most attention when making a
purchase. Do you feel you are charging a reasonable
price for your products and services? Is this cost
comparable to what other businesses in your sector
charge for similar services? How much more value do
buyers receive for their money when prices rise? Is it
clear how this value's importance is being conveyed to
the audience? You may want to do a price sensitivity
test to discover what the acceptable price should be.
● Consider implementing a consumer loyalty program.

Due to the fact that they are effective, loyalty programs
have been around for a very long time. Is there
anything more you can do to increase the number of
customers that remain loyal to your brand and your
customer retention rate? This kind of bargain may take
many forms, but some common examples are "buy
one, get two free" programs or discounted annual
membership fees. You can also maintain happy
relationships with your customers and foster a sense
of reciprocity with them by surprising them with
rewards every once in a while (in the form of continued
business).
● Examine your main competitors’ products.

Preventing customers from migrating to a competitor is
an important part of running a successful business. A

good place to start is by identifying and working on
your strengths. It's as crucial, however, to know how
your rivals are luring customers away from you in the
first place. Is the quality of their goods better? Is it
more affordable? Is it less complicated to use? You
should look into this from every perspective possible.
Study their products. Contact their customer service
department. Subscribe to their mailing list. Through
this, you might learn a great deal that you can apply to
your own business.
● What do your consumers have to say about your

product?
Having a few bad reviews from customers isn't a big
deal. However, they are worth looking into if they are a
lot more. The question may have a logical response.
Be on the lookout for any patterns in the positive and
negative comments that customers have for you.
Inquire about the experiences of previous customers
and the reasons they quit being customers.
● Applying what you've learned

Your customer retention rate may be lower than it
should be owing to a variety of issues you've
identified. Now is the time to plan a strategy for coping
with these challenges. Concentrate on quick wins,
such as updating your company's Google Maps
location and hours, and creating a FAQ page so that
customers can self-service their concerns.
Even small modifications may have a significant impact

on churn reduction, especially when implemented on a
wide scale. Following that, you may start working on
the more ambitious challenges. Set a timeline and
follow through on your promises. If you're not
confident you can do it on your own, an expert could
be a better option. You should also conduct audits on

a regular basis.
It is also vital to approach any changes with caution.

Avoid making rash decisions and instead focus on
long-term success and optimization.
Churn Rate
Churn rate, also known as customer turnover or attrition, is a
business term that describes how rapidly customers abandon
a product over time. Because high customer turnover leads to
high revenue churn and so negatively impacts your
company's bottom line, it's vital to understand how healthy
and sticky your client base is.
For instance, your customer turnover rate would be 40% if

you had a total of 100, and 40 of them abandoned their
subscriptions.
How to Calculate the Churn Rate

To determine the churn rate, divide the number of customers
who left or canceled by the total number of customers at the
beginning of a period. Then, multiply your result by 100.

Say you had 2,000 customers at the beginning of a month
and by the end of the month, 400 left your business. The
calculation would be as follows:
(400 / 2000) x 100. Here, your churn rate would be 20%.
Customer Lifetime Value (CLTV)

Customer lifetime value, also known as CLTV, refers to the
entire amount of money that an organization may reasonably
expect to receive from a single customer account.
The indicator compares the revenue value of a client to the

business's expected customer lifetime. This means that a
customer that stays with a firm over an extended period
becomes more valuable to the company.
Customer care and success teams can play a direct role in

improving this key performance indicator by influencing all
aspects of the customer's journey. Customer service
representatives and customer success managers must
collaborate to solve problems and provide suggestions to
enhance relationships with current customers and attract new
ones.
It is also possible to utilize it to make strategic judgments. For

example, the customer lifetime value is a helpful indicator for
assessing which customer groups are the most important to a
firm and concentrating marketing efforts on them.

Why is Customer Lifetime Value important?
● Customer lifetime value (CLV) is a good method to

assess the worth of long-term consumers. Examples of
these types of customers are mobile phone
subscribers and music subscription customers. It is
also helpful for spotting early symptoms of churn, such
as when a customer's spending starts to fall after years
of membership.
● The duration of a customer's relationship with a

business and the value that they offer throughout that
relationship has a direct bearing on the amount of
money the business makes. Monitoring and enhancing
CLV will ultimately result in increased income as a
direct consequence of these actions.
● CLV may be used to determine which customers are

more valuable to your business because of the
revenue they generate. For instance, you may be able
to increase the amount of money your most valuable
customers spend with your company if you provide
them with access to goods and services that they find
appealing.
● Calculating the "lifetime value" of a single customer

allows you to easily predict how much revenue a
single client will bring in for your company over many
years. With this information, you'll be able to devise a
client acquisition plan that focuses on acquiring
consumers who are most likely to make significant
payments to your company.
● It is important for your company's success to evaluate

which of your customers provides the most value and
to work on improving your relationships with those
clients. If you do this, you will see an increase in your
clients' lifetime value, an improvement in your profit
margins, and a decrease in the expenditures
associated with acquiring new customers.
How to calculate Customer Lifetime Value?

To calculate CLTV, you will need to know your business’s
churn rate and ARPU. Average Revenue Per User, or ARPU, is
the average revenue you get per user and can be calculated
by dividing MRR by the total number of current users.
You can either calculate CLTV by multiplying ARPU (customer

value) and average customer lifespan or dividing ARPU by
the churn rate.

How To Increase Your Customer Lifetime Value?
● Improve your company's initial client experience.

The process of educating new customers about your
company, including what you do, why it's essential,
and why they should remain around, is referred to as
"customer onboarding". Consumers are often
"onboarded" during the first few days after their initial
purchase. Returning to your website to look at other
things or contacting you through email educates them
about your organization and the products and services
it provides.
This is a chance for you to distinguish yourself through

a simple approach: Send them an email after they've
purchased anything from your firm to check whether
they're pleased with their purchase and if you can
assist them in any other way.
Long-term client connections are developed as a

result of excellent onboarding processes, which leads
to a rise in customer lifetime value (CLV).

● Customers' suggestions should be accepted.
You may increase your customers’ lifetime value by
paying attention to what they have to say about ways
in which you might better fulfill their needs.
By putting up a poll on your website, you may solicit

the feedback of your clients and find out what they
think of potential new products and services. Instead
of trying to force them to conform to your
preconceived views, consider allowing them the
autonomy to devise their solution to the problem at
hand. Even though not all consumers will take part in
the survey, the respondents who do participate have
the potential to become some of your most loyal
clients as a result of the helpful suggestions they
provide.
This is efficient because it displays a willingness to pay

attention to what the other person is saying. If you
believe that you have a greater understanding of what
your customers want than they do, you are going to
have a low customer lifetime value. You may cultivate
long-term customer loyalty and boost customer
lifetime value (CLV) by taking the time to listen to and
respond to your customers' feedback, even if the
feedback isn't exactly what you were hoping to hear.
● Make it easy for customers to contact you.

It's unlikely that customers will stick with your brand if
you don't meet their expectations of service and
support on time. Survey results show that 88% of
consumers want an email response within an hour or
less of when they pose a query via email. When firms
are unable to respond quickly and encourage smooth
connections, they can adopt technologies that speed
up their responses.

One strategy, among many, is to be proactive in your
use of social media. With the right tools and
technology, a customer success team equipped to
monitor and react to consumer comments or
complaints made via the use of social media might
help customers feel as if they have been heard.
There must be an ongoing exchange of information

and communication for today's CLV to thrive.
Customers are more likely to return and spend more
money if you make it easy for them to get in touch with
you. Even if you can't react to consumer emails within
an hour, this is still true.
● Spend time creating solid relationships with your

customers.
Customers will continue to patronize your firm as long
as you provide the most competitive price for the
products and services that satisfy their needs. As a
result of this, consumers are looking for partnerships
that do more than simply improve a company's return
on investment (ROI), such as cultivating a sense of
community and belonging. This is particularly relevant
in the modern-day when one considers the
significance of social media in marketing and branding.
As a result of this, you must provide content for your

social network accounts that are comprised of more
than simply advertisements. So, for instance, you may
begin a discussion with your target customers, or you
might do some social digging to learn more about
them, and after that, you might provide them with gifts
related to the things that they are interested in. This is
a fantastic approach for connecting with your
customers and getting them excited about what you
have to offer them in terms of your business.

To be successful, you need to set yourself apart from
the other people in your field. It is typical for an
eCommerce platform to be fast and easy to use, but if
you can establish a true connection with your
customers, you will increase the value of your
customer throughout their lifetime (CLV).
● Increase the average amount spent on each order.

If you increase the average order value of your
customers' purchases, your customer lifetime value
(CLV) may improve.
When a customer is about to complete their purchase,

you have the option of suggesting relevant
supplemental items that complement the ones they
have already agreed to buy.
Amazon and McDonald's, for example, have had great

success with this method of upselling and
cross-selling. Amazon often recommends items that
are compatible with one another and offers a discount
if the user purchases all of the suggested products
together.
If your company offers subscription-based services,

you may be able to increase your average purchase
size as well as the lifetime value of your clients if you
can persuade them to switch to an annual payment
cycle.
Customer Health Score

The lack of a customer health score represents a gulf
between customer service and the end-user. Although
indirect, it is no less significant. A customer health score is a
way of assessing and anticipating the activities of your
customers over time.

One of the most appealing characteristics of the health score
is that it may be computed in several different ways. The
customer health score of a business is determined by several
parameters, all of which are determined by the company
itself.
Why the customer health score is important
● Power users can be revealed by customer health

scores.
"Power users" are your "healthy" customers who
continuously engage with your product. If you give
them the opportunity, power users are more willing to
leave reviews about your organization on websites like
G2 or Capterra. This will enable you to get further
feedback from them, allowing you to further develop
your product.
● Customer health score identifies growth potential.

It is possible to utilize customer health ratings as a
driver for your customer growth activities. Customers
who are satisfied with their purchases are more likely
to make more purchases in the future.
In addition, you have the option of generating a score

to monitor the general state of all of your freemium
accounts. Keeping this in mind might assist you in
determining the optimal time for customer success
teams to get in touch with customers and suggest that
they upgrade their plans.
● Customer health ratings can forecast turnover.

Customers are more likely to leave your organization
when their Customer Health Score is poor. If you keep
track of a customer's health score, you'll be able to

help individuals with poor scores by reaching out to
them and fixing any issues they may be experiencing.
This has the potential to help you reduce the
proportion of customers that churn.
● The customer health rating system helps to detect

patterns of success and failure.
You may be able to identify patterns of successful and
failed interactions with customers if you compare the
data of healthy consumers who made purchases
against that of unhealthy consumers who also made
purchases. Because of this, obtaining the same
degree of success for potential customers in the future
will be considerably easier. You may also improve the
quality of your product by lowering the friction that
eventually results in failure.
How to measure customer health scores

The customer health rating system is highly tailored to the
specifics of the company, organization, and even the
consumer. As a consequence, no one strategy can be used to
achieve this goal, nor is there any widely acknowledged
measurement.
● Define the goal that you want to attain by using the

customer health score.
The "health score" assigned to a customer reflects the
possibility that the customer will continue to utilize the
firm's services, renew their membership, or make
additional purchases. Looking at a client's total score,
for example, you should be able to tell whether the
consumer is likely to cancel their membership in your
service or not.
But first and foremost, you must identify the result you
want to track. Then and only then may you go to the

next stage. This is dependent on your company's
requirements. If you're searching for ways to increase
your income but aren't sure what to do, one option to
explore is upselling existing items or services to
current customers. If, on the other hand, you want to
know why you're losing consumers, you should
investigate the potential that they may cease using
your service soon.
● Determine which customers the health score is

meant to apply to.
When it comes to assuring the reliability of your
customer score system, grouping customers can be
incredibly effective. This is because software as a
service (SaaS) companies may provide different price
levels, with the enterprise, or most costly plan,
granting full access to the program's functions.
In these situations, it is appropriate to split consumers

into groups and provide a health rating to each of
those clients. If you do not take the appropriate
measures, you may wind up granting a "health score"
to some of your product's features, even though a
sizable percentage of your clientele may not even be
able to access such functions in the first place.
As a result, you should make it a habit to use the

approach of customer health rating that matches the
appropriate segment at all times. It allows you to
concentrate your attention while attending to the
demands of the consumer.
● Find out what customers are doing that impacts their

health score.
Both the customer group and the intended objective
of the score have a role in determining the customer
actions that influence the customer health score.

There is no set of activities that have the same value
for everyone.
However, you should keep the following factors in

mind:
● The degree to which a product is used, as

assessed by the number of vital functionalities
used by customers;
● The number of users that have signed up for

the service and are using the product;
● How often do consumers use your product?
● Are there currently open support tickets?
● Participation in polls and surveys inside the app;
● The total number of paid-for add-ons;
● Do they upgrade?
● Usage of in-app chat functionality;
● Use of the in-app resource center.
● You should assign a score to each action depending

on its impact, and then sum the scores.
After you have identified the activities and actions, the
next step is to assign a point value, or score, to each of
these actions depending on the degree to which they
are relevant to your product and the user persona that
you have developed.
Take into consideration the processes of testing

hashtags and scheduling posts with an Instagram
scheduling service. In this context, the importance of
trying out a variety of hashtags is far lower than the

significance of planning posts in advance. As a result
of this, a higher impact score has to be assigned to it.
After you have completed giving a score of impact to

each action, the next step is to monitor the number of
times a user performs the action over a given period.
● Create a system for rating your customers' overall

health.
With the scores that were determined in the previous
step, build a customer health scale. Your score scale
can look similar to the following:
● A negative rating indicates a serious case of an

unhealthy customer (at risk of churning);
● A score of 1 to 40 indicates customers are

unhealthy;
● A score of 41 to 70 shows that one is in the

healthy range;
● A score of 71 to 100 implies that the person is in

excellent health;
● A score of more than 100 shows success

(persistent, committed users).
How can you improve your customer health score?
● From the predetermined categories above, consider

what measures you'll take to improve customer
health in each of the scale's categories.
If you haven't already determined what action to take,
identifying which group each user belongs to won't
help you much.
Keep in mind that you built the score with a certain

outcome in mind. It is there to help you know which
particular actions to take after you have assessed the
possibility that a person will make a decision.
Using the score as a trigger, you might, for example,

take the following steps to decrease customer
turnover:
● Get in touch with unhealthy customers;
● Increase engagement via in-app channels.
● Talk to your customers.

You need to ask your customers what is causing their
dissatisfaction. If they need more instructions on how
to use the products, it is important that you supply
them with those. The first step in assisting them is to
determine what caused their present situation.
● Discover your product's use trend among customers.

Is it rare for your app to have such a low number of
visitors, or is this normal? If the second scenario seems
to be more probable, it may be time to include in-app
support in your product so that larger groups of
people have a better chance of success. Alternatively,
the customer success team would need to develop a
new onboarding sequence that allows them to expose
customers to the features that bring the greatest value.
Also, the product and customer success teams may be

able to better understand where they should
concentrate their efforts if they see certain patterns of
usage and behavior.
Lead-to-Customer Rate
The percentage of qualified leads that ultimately turn into
completed sales transactions is referred to as a company's
lead-to-customer rate. It is also called the lead conversion
rate or sales conversion rate. This metric is important for
understanding how efficient a company's sales funnel is to
make informed business decisions.
It is important to remember that the rate at which leads are

turned into customers is calculated using only qualified leads,
not just normal leads.
A qualified lead is a potential consumer who has shown an

interest in acquiring a product from a certain firm in the past
and meets a specific set of requirements.
Your business strategy has a big impact on how you define

"conversion" and "qualified lead". As a result, the method you
employ to compute the lead-to-customer ratio is determined
by the definitions you attach to these two terms.
If, for example, a publisher wishes to boost readership or

circulation, which would raise ad revenue, they could
consider a person to be a "converted lead" if that person
registers for the publisher's website or newsletter. This would
imply that the individual is interested in the publisher's
material. Some businesses will not consider a lead converted
until they have the prospective customer's credit card details
or a signed contract.
It is necessary to take into consideration qualified leads when

evaluating the lead-to-customer conversion rate. This is
because qualified leads are at the last stage of the lead
lifecycle, which comes before real sales. Taking it into
consideration ensures your calculations are accurate
because genuine sales are preceded by qualified lead
generation.
Why is Lead to Customer Rate important?

The Lead to Customer Rate is a metric that is relevant to both

business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C)
enterprises, independent of the firm or sales strategy, and it
should be on the dashboard of every marketing executive.
If you analyze your lead-to-customer rate carefully, you might

potentially learn a lot about the state of your company. It
reveals information such as how proficient you are at moving
offers through the sales funnel, how well you are completing
deals, which sales channels earn the most money, and
whether some of your salespeople need any help or not.
You may use it to work your way down your sales funnel to
determine the number of extra demonstrations or free trials,
as well as subscribers, visits, or advertisements, that are
required to reach your target revenue increase. After that,
you'll be in a better position to choose where you should
concentrate the majority of your marketing efforts moving
forward.
How to Calculate Lead-To-Customer Conversion Rate?

When calculating the lead-to-customer conversion rate,
simply divide the number of qualified leads that turned into
actual sales in a specific period by the total number of
qualified leads in that period, then multiply by 100. This will
give you the percentage of qualified leads that turned into
actual customers.
(No. of QL that led to sales / Total No. of QL) x 100 =

Lead-to-Customer Rate

It is important to keep in mind that calculating the rate at
which leads are turned into consumers is not always as
straightforward as it may at first seem to be. The concept may
likely need to be modified to work in a variety of different
contexts and settings.
For instance, one definition of conversion that some

companies employ is the fulfillment of a predetermined
activity, such as spending a specific amount of time on a
website or registering for the publication's newsletter.
Another meaning of conversion could be the acquisition of
new customers.
Because of this, a company must first expressly define its

description of conversion before ever making an effort to
compute the statistic. This will not only ensure that the
company keeps track of the happenings that it wishes to
monitor, but will also make it possible for other parties, such
as investors, to understand the relevance of the calculations.
Leads by Lifecycle Stage

Different phases in the lead lifecycle are referred to as
lifecycle stages. The lead lifecycle is a term used to describe
the journey a potential customer takes with your firm, starting
with their initial contact and ending with their eventual
financial transaction.
Every person who interacts with your brand has the potential
to become a new customer or lead. However, only a small
proportion of those individuals will ultimately become paying
customers. Depending on the items for sale, going from a
potential customer to a paying customer might be a short or
time-consuming process. If the cost of the items or services
you provide is on the higher end of the range, the process of
moving customers through the stages of your lead lifecycle
will most likely take longer. Furthermore, the rate at which
each prospective lead develops through the phases may vary
quite a bit.
The following is an example of a lifecycle that has been split

down into its six individual phases. This lifecycle may be
relevant to your company, or it may give you a starting point
for designing your lead lifecycle.
1. Subscriber
When a potential customer or client expresses an
interest in your company for the first time, it marks the
start of their journey. They could, for example, sign up
for your newsletter or follow your blog.
You may add social media followers in this section.

However, some firms do not include social media
followers in this statistic. This is because you have not
yet stored their information in your CRM database.
Whether you should include them or not is
determined by how you track leads and use social
media in relation to your target audience.
Maintaining a long-term relationship with your

subscribers and providing them with useful content
increases your chances of converting them into paying
customers.
2. Leads
Leads are the level that comes after subscribers in the
hierarchy of lead lifecycle. They are taking a more
active role in the relationship they have with your
company. They have done something beyond just
reading the material that you have supplied for them,
which indicates that they may be interested in the
products or services that you provide.
A person who has filled out a form on your website

with more information than just their email address,
often in return for some type of content-based
incentive, might be considered a lead for your
company. Businesses often employ the lead lifecycle
stage for top-of-the-funnel offerings. These are
products or services that are quite general and appeal
to a large number of people.
When a prospective buyer or client exhibits a higher

degree of sales willingness and meets your

requirements for potential customers, they will
advance farther in the lifecycle.
3. Marketing Qualified Lead

A marketing-qualified lead, or MQL, is a potential
customer who has been assessed by the marketing
team and found to be of sufficient relevance to be
passed on to the sales team.
There is no universal set of principles for determining if

someone qualifies as an MQL. Rather, the factors you
employ to make that choice will be specific to your
company. You will need to examine the data obtained
from previous customer lifecycles to determine who
should be included in this category.
A lead who has been visiting your products page

frequently or one who has watched one of your
product demos are examples of lead behaviors that
can qualify them to be sent to the sales team.
4. Sales Qualified Lead

Leads that have been evaluated and found to be
appropriate for direct follow-up by sales
representatives are referred to as sales qualified leads.
These leads have been validated by your sales team. If
you use this stage, you will be able to ensure that both
your sales and marketing teams are following the
same playbook regarding the quality and quantity of
leads that will be sent to your sales team. This will
allow you to maximize the efficiency with which your
sales team can convert prospects into customers.
After making first contact with your sales team, they

will evaluate the lead to determine whether it satisfies
the requirements to be classified as a sales-qualified
lead or not. The requirements they will use to

determine this will depend on your company.
At this stage of the process, it is quite probable that

there will be some kind of engagement with your sales
personnel. This could be a sales call/breakthrough
session, but it might also be a request for a demo or
an inquiry about price.
5. Opportunity
If the first conversation with your sales team goes well
and the contact is likely to convert into a customer, the
contact proceeds farther along the lead lifecycle and is
considered an opportunity. If the contact does not
have a positive experience with your sales team, there
is a strong chance that they will not progress further in
the lead lifecycle.
At this stage, they are really close to playing for your

service, and although they may still have some
questions or reservations, the process is moving
smoothly. A member of your sales staff will establish
contact with the customer to persuade them to make
the purchase.
6. Customer and Evangelist

While the stages “customer” and “evangelist” aren’t
usually considered one, a lead will have to become a
customer before they become a product evangelist.
We will therefore discuss "evangelist" as a subset of
"customer".
When a lead reaches the stage of a customer in the

lead lifecycle, it is the point at which your "opportunity"
eventually makes a purchase.
If consumers discover that your product completely

satisfies all of their requirements, they are far more

likely to become advocates (evangelists) for your
brand or product. On the other hand, if your product
does not live up to their expectations, there is a strong
probability that you have lost them as repeat
customers (depending on the type of your company)
or as evangelists.
Why Is the Lead Lifecycle Important?

The lead lifecycle should be monitored for a variety of
reasons, one of which is that it provides a way of deciding
when potential clients should be handed from the marketing
team to the sales team. This is a significant part of the
company's operations. This ensures that no one will be able
to sneak through the cracks.
In addition to that, it makes it possible to assess the

effectiveness of this method. You will be able to monitor how
well your criteria are functioning if you evaluate their
performance in finding relevant leads by examining what
percentage of your MQLs advance to become SQLs.
By having a lead lifecycle, you will be in a better position to

make improvements to your workflows so that your sales
force is only notified about the prospects that have the
highest chance for success. This frees up their time, which
enables them to concentrate on marketing to leads who have
a high probability of becoming customers, rather than wasting
their time on those who are very unlikely to ever become
customers.
In addition to this, the lead lifecycle is helpful for structuring

marketing-related content and activities. Once you have
segmented your audiences according to where they are in
the customer lifecycle, you will be able to build targeted
advertisements that are specifically oriented toward getting
your audiences to the next stage of the lifecycle.

You will also be able to calculate your rate of success for
each subsequent phase of the procedure as you continue to
gather new data. Because of this, you will have the ability to
fine-tune and increase the efficacy of your B2C interactions in
order to achieve the best possible rates of conversion.
Customer Engagement Score (CES)

The customer engagement score (CES), sometimes known as
the engagement score, is a single quantitative indicator used
to evaluate the level of engagement shown by paying
customers and free trial prospects. The Customer
Engagement Score is an important indicator for online
businesses, particularly software-as-a-service (SaaS)
companies.
The Customer Engagement Score (CES) is an indicator that

may be used to assess how engaged a company's
consumers are with its products and services. This is
achieved by analyzing the consumers' online activity as well
as their other interactions with the products under
consideration.
Why is the Customer Engagement Score important?

With the information created by your customer engagement
score, you can create more meaningful relationships with
your customers and encourage them to have a stronger
sense of brand loyalty.
It also aids you in making comparisons across different

segments, such as demographics, customer personas, and
product owners, as well as analyzing and comparing these
segments' performance in terms of customer engagement.
Furthermore, it may assist you in identifying areas where
consumers are having trouble. Plus, because each individual
client's unique score can be computed and tracked, you will

be able to implement targeted measures to improve
customer loyalty and retention rates.
In addition, the score may be able to help you determine

whether your customers intend to either upgrade their
products or make further purchases in the future. If your
product comes with a free trial, you will find that this is of
much greater use to you, since it will provide you with an
accurate image of prospective purchases that may be made
by customers.
How to Calculate the Customer Engagement Score?

Calculating the score for the quantity of consumer
engagement can be time-consuming and challenging at
times. When calculating the CES, it is usually necessary to
take into account a wide range of variables in order to arrive
at the most precise conclusion possible. That being said, the
CES computation process can be broken down into three
stages:
1. Determine the factors that influence CES.

The very first phase of this process is likewise
regarded as the most important to accomplish. In this
case, the corporation must do a thorough research of
the benefits and advantages that the customer enjoys
from the product that the firm sells. If a company has a
thorough understanding of the benefits provided by its
product as well as the precise events that allow
tracking of those benefits, the company will be able to
zero in on the precise events that allow tracking of
those benefits.
2. Assign the appropriate weight/score to each event.

After a company has compiled a list of all of the
benefits that a product delivers and all of the events
that allow those benefits to be measured or actions

that lead to these benefits, the company is required to
assign a weight to each individual event in the chain of
events. An event that leads to a greater benefit should
always carry a high engagement score.
3. Lastly, determine the CES.

To calculate the CES, sum all of the events' respective
weights and scores. To get the scores of an event that
occurs several times, multiply its frequency by the
weight/score the event was assigned. That should give
you a good understanding of that user’s or group’s
engagement with your product.
There are a lot of customer success tools available

that can perform this calculation automatically. These
systems enable you to determine how engaged your
clients are. They can also help determine whether
further product improvement or customer-product
training is required, as well as identify consumers who
are on the verge of leaving.

What is a good Customer Engagement Score?
Just like the customer health score, different scores indicate
how engaged a user is with your product. Below, there is an
example of how you can classify user engagement:
● A negative score indicates a significant likelihood of

customer churn;
● A score of 1-40 means they are extremely disengaged;
● A score of 41-70 shows that they are moderately

engaged;
● A score of 71-100 shows they are very engaged;
● A score of 100 or higher indicates that they are power

users and are most likely willing to recommend your
product to others.
How to Increase Your Customer Engagement Score
● Provide a customized and unique experience.

Your users that have a low score will necessitate a
strategy that is more targeted, in addition to greater
time and attention being devoted to them.
You can boost your engagement score and develop a

fully personalized user experience by doing things like
utilizing a personalized orientation process, adding
specific key activities, and making checklists. These
are just a few of the many methods that you can use to
increase the engagement score of your audience.
● Incorporate game-like elements into the app.

After you've examined your users' activities and
determined which ones have lower ratings, you can try
using an engagement strategy that includes in-app

gamification as an option to try and increase their
ratings.
The addition of interactive components such as

badges, discount coupons, and leaderboards in the
gamification process can improve the experience of a
product. Your product engagement score will increase
over time as a result of this method's strong
relationship to the human desire to respond to
competition and act if there is a reward associated
with it.
All this means is that you should employ strategies that

encourage greater participation, which in turn is
rewarded.
● Gather feedback and take appropriate action based

on it.
Giving your users the option to reply to brief surveys is
an excellent way to acquire vital data and feedback.
NPS surveys are widely used in market research to
assess customer satisfaction.
These questionnaires will aid your product teams,

sales teams, and customer care teams by acting as
customer satisfaction surveys and allowing them to
better understand how their products help customers.
Low scores from these surveys will urge you to look

into the issues that are causing your customers'
dissatisfaction and find strategies to address those
factors.
● Concentrate on users who are highly engaged.

Using the scores you've obtained, you'll be able to
determine which customers have a high level of
engagement with your service. After that, you can

create a roadmap of the journeys that these clients
take to have a better understanding of how they make
use of your product.
What exactly are they getting right? How does your

product address their concerns and needs? What are
the most noticeable traits that distinguish users with
low scores from those with high scores?
The answers to these questions will guide you through

the process of developing successful methods for
improving your poor scores.
● Engage users whose engagement is waning and

offer them assistance.
At this juncture, it is of the utmost importance to have
a solid understanding of the factors that are causing
dissatisfaction among your customers. In order to
respond promptly and effectively if something goes
wrong, you need to keep a close eye on the actions
that your customers take and pay close attention to
the scores that you receive from them.
By completing an assessment of engagement data

and making yourself available to assist customers as
soon as their scores begin to decline, you may
improve both your customer retention rate as well as
your average customer lifetime.
Customer Churn
Customer churn describes the process in which an existing
customer chooses to stop making use of the products or
services offered by an organization. It refers to the time at
which a customer is no longer regarded as a customer and
the relationship between the business and the customer is
severed.

The percentage of a company's total active customers that
decide to stop doing business with that organization is
referred to as the customer churn rate. That is the number of
people that stopped being customers throughout the course
of a certain period of time, such as a year, a month, or a
quarter. This might be a positive or negative figure.
Because gaining a new client may cost approximately six

times as much as keeping a current one, this metric is an
essential part of any business. It is important to devise a
customer retention plan in order to forestall a growth in the
percentage of lost customers and prevent churn from
becoming a bottleneck for a business that is experiencing
rapid expansion.
Why Is Customer Churn Rate Important?
● Unhappy customers will weaken your brand.

In addition to the revenue that you will lose from those
clients, you may also face the effects of adverse
word-of-mouth, poor reviews, and a general decrease
in the value of your brand as a result of this situation. It

makes perfect sense to try to mend broken
relationships with customers who are on the verge of
defecting to a competitor just to avoid these
consequences.
It is a widely held opinion that retaining an existing

customer at their current price generates greater value
for the organization than acquiring a new customer.
There is no one figure or metric that can conclusively
prove this. Yet, some analysts believe that a client's
lifetime value is more important than new acquisitions.
● Customer loss costs you money as well as already

developed relationships.
It is generally preferable to retain an existing
relationship rather than end it and begin the process
of getting to know another person all over again. This
is true regardless of the viewpoint from which the
issue is seen. If a significant portion of your current
customers decides to stop doing business with you, it
may have a detrimental influence on both your sales
and profitability. As a result, it is critical that you take
steps to reduce the number of customers that opt not
to do business with you.
● Churn can slow future growth.

Your rate of customer attrition is a significant indicator
of future potential growth — or the lack thereof — and
should be examined carefully to make sure it doesn't
get out of hand.
If you already have a dedicated customer base that is

familiar with your brand, then those customers are
likely to be the ideal audience for any new offerings of
goods and services that you put on the market in the
future. If you already have loyal customers, then they
are likely to be familiar with your brand. If, on the other

hand, the value that your customers provide over the
course of their lifetime is minimal, your new company
may suffer. If you want to be successful in the future,
you will need to take steps to reduce the proportion of
customers that leave your company, since this is
harmful to future growth.
How to Calculate Customer Churn?

A company's customer churn rate for a certain period may be
calculated by taking the number of customers that left the
company at the end of that period and dividing it by the total
number of customers the company had at the beginning of
that period. To make the result a percentage, then multiply by
100, as was discussed under churn rate and retention rate vs.
churn rate.
How to Reduce Customer Churn?
● One of the most effective ways for a company to draw

in new customers and keep the ones it already has is
to provide them with a positive experience that

exceeds their expectations. Customers are more likely
to continue doing business with a firm if they are
provided with a good experience, regardless of
whether they are new to the company or have been
customers for a number of years.
● Delivering consumers with the information and

assistance they need to get the most out of the goods
and services you provide is a critical component of
providing excellent service. This may include providing
how-to manuals and explainers on your website,
responding quickly through a live agent or chatbot
function on your website, or being active on social
networking sites when consumers share feedback and
queries about your goods and services.
● Customers of a certain business who take part in a

customer loyalty program at that company and are
rewarded with discounts on future purchases from that
company are more likely to make future purchases
from that particular company. In addition to this, loyalty
programs help you acquire an advantage over other
businesses operating in the same market.
● When compared to the value supplied by other

customers over the course of business, the lifetime
value generated by certain clients is much more than
that provided by others. If you acknowledge and value
the contributions that your most important customers
make to your company, you may decrease the
likelihood that they will defect to a competitor and take
their business with them.
Revenue Churn Rate

The percentage of a company's subscription revenue that is
slated to expire but is not renewed by consumers within a
given period of time is referred to as the "revenue churn rate".
By examining both the customer churn rate and the revenue

churn rate, you may better assess the overall health of a
company's client base.
Why is revenue churn important?
● The fact that utilizing the churn rate of revenue makes

it simple to monitor the churn rate of both high-paying
and low-paying clients is the most important
advantage of using this method of analysis. The
revenue churn rate is especially useful in identifying
which segments of customers are causing the most
revenue churn when the company provides a variety
of pricing alternatives.
● Similar to other key performance indicators, churn in

revenue can be thought of as a kind of customer
feedback. This implies that you need to discover what
is causing churn, and then attempt to remedy it when
you have identified the cause.
How to calculate revenue churn?

To calculate revenue churn, choose a period of time and
divide the revenue churned in that period by the revenue at
the beginning of that period, to find out the percentage of
revenue churn, then multiply by 100.

What is a Good Revenue Churn Rate?
It is not possible to provide a simple answer here because a
good revenue churn is contingent on a variety of factors,
such as the kind of your company, the size of your
organization, and the pricing strategy that you use, among
other considerations.
However, in the vast majority of circumstances, the lower the

percentage churn, the better. If you are a SaaS provider that
caters mainly to small or local enterprises, a revenue churn
rate of 2-5% often indicates that you are on the right side of
revenue churn and on the road to sustainability.
Annual Contract Value (ACV)

The term "Annual Contract Value" (ACV) refers to the average
yearly revenue that is received from each customer contract,
excluding one-time fees.
Why is annual contract value important?
● ACV is important because it can help you determine

which account has the potential to generate the most
revenue and should be focused on;
● By using ACV, you can provide excellent service to

those consumers who have the potential to continue
to use the business's products and services for an
extended length of time, which results in an increased
lifetime value;
● When you use ACV, you can evaluate and compare

your company’s various contracts in order to
determine which ones have the most potential and are
worth your efforts;
● It can also help you boost the efficiency of the

marketing plan by enhancing the strategy that
underlies it, which in turn will increase your chances of
attracting your target customers.
How To Calculate ACV?

The value of the annual contract may be determined by
dividing the total contract value by the number of years in the
contract. For example, if a customer signs a contract with you
for a total of $25,000 (excluding fees) over the course of five
years, the value of the annual contract can be calculated as
follows:
$25,000 / 5, which would equal $5,000
If the total value of the contract is $26,000, you would have

to remove one-time fees before calculating the Annual
Contract Value. In our example above, removing a one-time
fee of $1,000 would leave us with $25,000 to work with.
Average Sales Cycle Length

The term "sales cycle length" refers to the number of days or
months that, on average, pass before a sale is finalized. The
length of time that elapses during this period, which is often

measured in months, is referred to as the "Average Deal
Cycle". This statistic can prove to be helpful when it comes to
generating forecasts about sales, measuring the efficiency of
sales, and having discussions with investors.
How to Calculate the Sales Cycle Length

To calculate your sales cycle length, you must first determine
the total number of days or hours it takes to close each
transaction, then take that number and divide it by the total
number of sales. This will give you an estimate of the length
of time it takes to make a sale.
Let’s say you made five sales, each of which took 2, 4, 4, 5,

and 6 days to complete. You’d have to add up all the days it
took to complete the sale; this would give you 21 days. Divide
by 5, and you will get 4.2 days.
Taking into account the information provided by this statistic,

you are now able to formulate a prediction about the length
of time required to complete the closing process for future
agreements that are analogous to the one being discussed
here. That means, for similar sales, you will need around 4.2

days to close the deal.
If we substitute the days for hours, that would also mean it

would take you, on average, around 4.2 hours to make a sale.
Why Is Sales Cycle Length Important?
● After you have broken down the many aspects of your

sales process into components that are simple to
examine, you will be ready to get right into the process
of data collection and analysis.
If you utilize the right customer relationship

management (CRM) tool, you will be able to automate
this process and acquire data without having to do any
further labor than is absolutely necessary.
You'll be able to identify, for instance, the stage in the

cycle at which sales often start to decrease or perhaps
come to a complete halt altogether. If you can
determine which stages of your sales cycle typically
result in closed deals and which do not, you will be

able to improve your conversion rates and make more
sales. This is because doing so will enable you to
polish your strategies and more effectively assign
members of your team and resources.
● You will be able to make more accurate forecasts of

your company's future sales using the relevant
information from your sales cycle. For example, based
on the duration of your typical sales cycle, you may
use the data to predict the number of sales that each
salesperson can make in a given month. You may also
utilize the data to understand which sales are more
likely to succeed when a prospective customer is at a
certain stage of the customer lifecycle.
● A preset sales cycle will make the training process

more efficient and productive by giving a clearly
defined course of action or model for each new sales
representative to follow. If new sales reps follow a
sales cycle, they may have a better grasp of the selling
process and identify the important phases where they
require further training. This enables them to begin
making more successful sales.
Net MRR Churn Rate

Net Monthly Recurring Revenue Churn Rate is the
assessment of the amount of income that is lost from one
month to the next as a result of account cancellations and
account downgrades. This is determined after taking into
account any income from current clients (such as upgrades or
expansion). It does so by presenting the rate of revenue
churn as a proportion of growth after growth has been
subtracted from the total.
You may report the MRR Churn Rate indicator as an actual

cash value (-$37,374 MRR) or as a percentage (-2.45%), which
is a lot more informative and a realistic indicator to monitor

over time.
Why is the net churn rate important?
● Every month, the churn rate for monthly recurring

revenue (MRR) should be the major focus of the
product team's efforts. The rate of customer churn is
an important indicator of the value of a product as well
as the benefits it gives to consumers that purchase it.
As a result, if a product is successful in addressing the
need for which it was created, the monthly rate of
cancellations should approach zero.
● The MRR Churn metric is one that your finance and

operations teams need to be familiar with in order to
make an accurate assessment of the amount of MRR
that is being lost. As a result of this, they are able to
provide estimates and predictions about a variety of
areas of your finances, such as your profit and loss, as
well as your burn rate. When their customer acquisition
rate increases drastically, monitoring the churn rate of
their monthly recurring revenue (MRR) over time will
provide them with invaluable information about how to
recruit new personnel and expand your business.
How to calculate Net MRR Churn Rate?

To get the Net MRR Churn Rate, deduct the expansion MRR
from the churn MRR. When you get the value, divide it by the
total MRR at the start of the month and multiply by 100 to
obtain the percentage.
Say a business's total monthly recurring revenue (MRR) for

the month is $20,000, there is $4,000 in churn and $1,900 in
account growth. The percentage net MRR churn for that
month would be 10.5%.
10.5% = ($4000 - $1900) / $20,000 X 100

What is a good Net MRR Churn Rate benchmark?
The most successful companies have what is referred to as a
"negative" net churn rate. This means that the amount of new
business or expansion MRR generated exceeds the amount
of business that is lost (churned MRR) as a result of
downgrades and cancellations.
Continuing with our previous example, if the business instead

of $1,900 in expansion MRR got $7,000, then their net MRR
churn rate would be -15%.
How to reduce MRR Churn?
● It is estimated that between 20-40%of the total

monthly recurring revenue (MRR) in the SaaS business
is lost due to failed credit card transactions. Given that
the only problem here could be an expired customer's
credit card, this is a very simple and straightforward
opportunity to reclaim lost net MRR. It is impossible to
exaggerate how valuable it is to have a system in
place to remind clients to keep their credit card

information up to date.
● People who don't get addicted to your service and use

it on a regular basis are more likely to terminate their
subscriptions than those who do. This is especially
true for paid services. When customers are billed for a
service or product that they are not currently making
use of, there is a significantly increased likelihood that
they may terminate their subscription.
● Increasing the number of your active users is one

strategy to cut down on the amount of lost net MRR.
Nevertheless, it may be challenging to implement
improvements that would guarantee an increase in the
number of active users.
● Because incorrect pricing is one of the factors that

contribute to a rise in net MRR turnover, adjusting your
price so that it more accurately reflects the value you
provide to consumers is one of the most effective
strategies to reduce churn. When you are attempting
to determine the prices that should be applied to your
items, you have many options available to you in the
form of several strategic pricing models;
● People are most likely churning for a variety of

reasons, which could include a lack of important
features and dissatisfactory encounters with customer
service. You must implement a product development
process, with a part of that process concerned with
determining why customers are leaving. Customer
attrition surveys have been proven to be beneficial for
many software as a service (SaaS) organizations.
Customers are given the chance to choose the factors
that led to their decision to churn in these surveys.
These are very beneficial since they allow you to zero
in on the elements of your business that have the

greatest opportunities for improvement.
MRR Retention Rate

The percentage of recurring monthly revenue (MRR) that is
present in the current period because it was also present in
the prior period is what is measured by the MRR retention
rate.
For example, if a customer subscribes to your service in

March and continues to use it in April, the amount of money
the customer spends during April contributes to your retained
revenue for the month.
How to Calculate MRR Retention Rate

From our example above, your subscriber renewed their
subscription in April. If 100 subscribers renewed their
subscription while we had 110 subscribers in the previous
month, our calculations would go like this:
Let's say the 100 subscribers we retained were worth

$100,000 in MRR, and the ten we lost were worth $10,000.
Then, we would divide $100,000 by $110,000 and multiply by
100. This would give us an MRR Retention Rate of 90.91%.
($100,000 / $110,000) x 100 = 90.91%

How to Improve Retention
Ways of improving retention have been extensively discussed
in these sections: How to improve your customer retention
rate, How to reduce customer churn, and How to improve
your MRR.
Average Selling Price (ASP)

A product or service's "average selling price" is the price at
which it is typically offered for sale. In addition to the kind of
product, the stage of the product's life cycle may have an
impact on its average selling price.
Why is ASP important?
● Create a strategy for entering the market.

If you are going to offer your services or sell your
products in a new market, you need to have a strategy
in place for how you are going to price those items.
This process is reduced to a much more manageable
level by using the average selling price.

After you have completed the calculation for this
metric, your company has the option of using the
information to identify itself as either a high-end or
budget-friendly producer or retailer, depending on the
path you choose to take. If you raise your prices over
the average selling price (ASP), it may give the
appearance that your company provides higher-quality
things; yet, the added cost may hinder sales.
Alternatively, if you set your expenses lower than the
ASP, your company may wind upselling more items.
Nevertheless, you will have to make do with lower
profit margins.
● Adopting it boosts a company’s trend recognition.

The use of an average selling price might, perhaps,
increase your company's capacity to spot trends in the
market. Let's imagine that a year ago, a company like
Nike introduced a new pair of shoes that retailed for
$450 each and that they sold 150,000 pairs of the
product. This year saw the debut of their newest pair,
which had a suggested retail price of $200 and
ultimately resulted in the sale of 450,000 units. Even
though the company decreased the price of their
goods, the lower price encouraged more customers to
make a purchase, which resulted in a gain of $22.5
million in revenue for the company.
Recognizing this trend may be of assistance to a new

or existing company in this sector that is getting ready
to launch a new product. This would be a beneficial
event for the company since it would help the
company decide on a market price more quickly.
● Assists in making product decisions.

The average selling price of an item is one factor that
your company may examine when deciding whether to
continue manufacturing a certain product or not. If you

increased your selling price according to the average
selling price and then saw a drop in sales, this should
have been expected. If, on the other hand, cutting your
pricing leads to a decline in sales, you need to pay
close attention to what is going on and figure out why.
The recommendations offered by ASP will serve as a
guide for your final decision on the product, which is
whether to keep producing it and design a strategy for
it or not.
How to calculate ASP?

To get an item's average selling price (ASP), take the entire
income generated by the product and divide it by the total
number of units sold. For example, if a corporation sells
millions of a product each year at various prices, the
calculation for determining the ASP is as follows:
Say company X sells 100,000 mahogany chairs in a year and

their revenue for all the chairs sold is $5,000,000. To get the
chair’s ASP, divide $5,000,000 by 100,000. This would give
you an average selling price of $50 per unit.
Now, if they sold their chairs at different price points, say

50,000 were sold at $60, 20,000 chairs at $50, and 30,000
at $45. Adding the three price points and their revenue would
result in a total of $5,350,000.
50,000 x $60 = $3,000,000

20,000 x $50 = $1,000,000
30,000 x $45 = $1,350,000
$3,000,000 + $1,000,000 + $1,350,000 = $5,350,000
Dividing this total by 100,000 would result in an Average

Selling Price of $53.50 per unit.

What Is a Good ASP?
You run the danger of adopting a pricing strategy for your
company that does not result in a profit for your company if
the price is not established by the amount that a customer is
willing to pay or by the degree of competition that exists in
the market. If the price at which your firm offers its goods is
suitable, not only does it have the ability to earn a profit, but it
also has the potential to win the loyalty of customers.
In essence, a good ASP is a price that customers are willing

to buy the product at and that takes market competition into
consideration.
Annual Run Rate (ARR)

Annual Run Rate (also known as ARR), is a type of financial
performance indicator that determines the annual
performance of a company's current revenue by converting
the revenue from a specific period (such as a week, month, or
quarter) to an annual amount.
Why is Annual Run Rate important?

By calculating ARR, you can use the data you already have in
order to estimate the future performance of your revenue.
Businesses that are just starting out, businesses that are
experiencing rapid growth, and those that are dependent on
recurring revenue streams can all benefit from estimating
future financial standings. The following advantages may
accrue to your business should you choose to make use of it
as a financial performance indicator:
● When attempting to secure financing for their

operations, start-up enterprises can utilize indicators
like their Annual Run Rate. By leveraging its ARR, a
company that does not have a significant credit history
or an established credit history may be able to receive

financial support.
● If a company is new and has been in business for a

relatively short period of time, the Annual Run Rate can
be an extremely helpful indicator of the company's
overall financial health and performance. If
management can be relatively assured that the
external financial environment will not experience any
major alterations in the near future, then the ARR may
be an immensely helpful tool for a company.
● ARR can also be useful to a company even when it

makes significant changes to the organizational
structure of its operations and business management.
The Annual Run Rate can be used as a benchmark to
examine whether the company's modifications have
resulted or not in an improvement in the business's
financial performance. This may be accomplished by
analyzing whether the changes resulted in a higher
Annual Run Rate.
How to calculate Annual Run Rate?

To calculate ARR, choose a specific period to derive your
base revenue from, then divide the revenue from that period
by the number of days in that period, then multiply your result
by 365.
Revenue in Period / Number of Days in that Period x 365 =

ARR
Lifetime Value: Customer Acquisition Cost (LTV: CAC) Ratio

This is the ratio of the customer's lifetime value to the cost of
acquiring that client. (LTV/CAC ratio). This comparison
evaluates how valuable a customer is over the course of their
whole lifetime. By monitoring the total worth of a specific
customer and comparing it to the cost of getting that
customer, you can gather useful information on the efficacy of

your customer acquisition expenditures.
Maintaining this ratio at 3:1 or greater is a solid benchmark for

determining whether a SaaS business is profitable or not.
Why is LTV: CAC important?
● LTV: CAC helps you decide how much to spend on

customer acquisition.
Customer acquisition is an important element of every
growing business, and although you may have
discovered other methods to save costs, without a
healthy LTV: CAC ratio, you may still be losing money.
By integrating this ratio into your customer acquisition
plan, you can better estimate how much you should be
spending on new customer acquisitions. For instance,
if the lifetime value of a customer is $1,000, and you
want to achieve an LTV/CAC ratio of 10:1, you will need
to spend roughly $100 on acquisition.
● Securing Investments.
If investors are of the opinion that the value of your

customers is about four times the cost of the
acquisition, then they will be quite interested in
hearing from you. The purpose of presenting this
figure to investors is to demonstrate to them that your
company has a large market demand and that the high
LTV: CAC ratios it now has been likely to stay at such
levels in the future.
● Determine the kind of customers you want to attract.

The LTV: CAC metric can be beneficial to your
company since it enables you to determine the kind of
customers you should target. By analyzing your
existing clientele and noting the traits shared by those
of your clients that have a high LTV, you will be able to
direct your marketing efforts more effectively toward
the audience of your preference.
What is the formula for LTV: CAC Ratio?

To calculate your LTV: CAC ratio, you must already have your
customer lifetime value and customer acquisition cost. To
calculate their ratio, divide LTV by your CAC. If your LTV is
$1,600 and your CAC is $800, then their ratio is 2:1, or 2.0x.

How to Improve your LTV/CAC Ratio?
● Pay attention to the appropriate channels.

Investing in channels that make inbound marketing
easy to deploy is a good idea, since the marketing
channels that bring in the most customers are not
always the ones that deliver the best results. And
because more than 75% of consumers research
different products before making a purchase, it is
critical to have a strategy that creates valuable,
targeted, and personalized content. This provides you
with consumers of a higher caliber while also lowering
your overall expenditure.
● Generate revenue from a broad variety of customers.

Because the price of acquiring each individual
consumer varies, you need to consider the state of the
market: are there any obvious opportunities that you
have missed? You may want to consider upgrading the
tools you use for generating leads.
● Try out different price points.

Experimenting with your price plan might provide you
with the opportunity to learn more about the factors
that could contribute to an increase in the number of
paying customers. It might be a pricing tier that varies
in price, a pricing scheme that is based on features,
pricing that is based on seats, or perhaps something
completely different. If you have a greater rate of lead
conversion, your customer acquisition cost (CAC) will
be lower than it otherwise would be.
● Make your sales cycle shorter.

A rise in the CAC is inevitable in the event that your
sales cycle is either complex or takes significantly
more time. You need to make sure that you develop a

short sales funnel and ensure that each level of the
funnel is simple to traverse. By shortening the length
of your sales cycle, you can secure more consumers.
CAC Payback Period

This refers to the amount of time it takes a business to recoup
the cost of acquiring one new customer. For instance, the
payback period for a customer that costs $100 and pays $12
per month is 8.3 months. When a customer has been with a
firm for a longer time, they will have recouped a larger
amount of their customer acquisition cost via subscription
payments, upsells, cross-sells, or add-ons.
How is the payback period useful to other SaaS metrics?

It is important to consider the payback period when looking
at these metrics:
● ARPU: If your CAC remains consistent, a rise in ARPU

will increase your MRR, resulting in a reduction in the
payback period;
● MRR: When you increase the rate at which you build

your MRR, your payback period will decrease, which in
turn will speed up the rate at which your revenue
grows;
● MRR Churn: A high rate of MRR churn may prolong

the CAC payback period;
● LTV: Your long-term goal should be to enhance your

LTV while simultaneously reducing your payback
period;
● LTV: CAC Ratio: A LTV: CAC ratio of 3:1 is generally

considered favorable, but, even with such a favorable
LTV: CAC ratio, a long payback period will make quick
expansion difficult for your business.
How to Calculate the Payback Period?

To calculate your CAC payback period, divide CAC by your
customer’s MMR minus the Average Cost of Service.
CAC / (MRR - ACS) = Payback Period

You can also calculate it using the following formula:
CAC / (ARPA x Gross Margin Percent) = CAC Payback

Period
However, with the above formula, you have to know your

Gross Margin Percent, ARPA, and ARPA.
How do you reduce the payback period?
● Increase the Average Order Value.

By increasing what a customer spends on average,
you can reduce their CAC payback period. You can do
this by upselling, and cross-selling your customers.
● Reduce customer churn.

The most successful technique for lowering customer
turnover is to work toward making customers feel as if
they have no reason to leave in the first place. If they
eventually leave, you have the opportunity to
persuade them to continue being your customers by
either pointing out the benefits of your product to
them or offering them incentives to continue doing
business with you.
Other ways to reduce the payback period can be found

under ways of improving the LTV: CAC ratio.
SaaS Quick Ratio (QR)

The SaaS quick ratio measures a firm’s ability to increase
recurring revenue amidst attrition or churn. It essentially
examines a company's ability to maintain revenue growth
while accounting for the rate at which it is currently losing
customers. This is accomplished by contrasting a company's
revenue inflows and outflows.

Why is SaaS Quick Ratio Important?
The SaaS quick ratio is perhaps the single most crucial metric
when it comes to analyzing a company's capacity for growth.
This is because it takes into consideration both the increase
in revenue from new and existing customers (upgrades and
cross-sells) as well as decreases in revenue from customers
who have left the company as well as those who have stayed
with the business (downgrades).
Businesses that have a quick ratio that is low are more likely
to be having trouble keeping up with the increase in their
sales. Because of customer attrition or service downgrades,
the company's additional income just makes up for the
money that was lost.
High quick ratios imply that a company's revenue is

increasing swiftly and steadily, indicating that the business is
doing well. It means that an organization's increased sales
have more than offset any revenue reductions; in other
words, a high quick ratio implies both increased sales and
revenue growth.
To be in excellent growth health, a corporation must be able

to maintain its growth rate and a quick ratio of over 4 (this
quick ratio is not generally accepted because of business
peculiarities). According to this data, the company is able to
generate new income at a rate four times greater than the
rate at which it suffers new financial losses.
How to Calculate SaaS Quick Ratio?

To accurately calculate the SaaS quick ratio, you must have
previously ascertained your New MRR (MRR from new
customers), Expansion MRR (from cross-sells and upsells),
Churn MRR (MRR lost because of lost customers), and
Contraction MRR (downgrades).

Let’s say a company has a new MRR of $2,000 and an
expansion MRR of $700, with a churn MRR of $400 and a
contraction MRR of $350, the formula for finding its SaaS
quick ratio would be:
$2000 + $700 / $400 + $350 = 3.6
Based on some opinions, a company with this SaaS quick

ratio can be considered to be growing slowly.
What is a Good SaaS Quick Ratio?
● SaaS Quick Ratios under one indicates failure. It's

possible to maintain your quick ratio below one for a
couple of months if you already have a substantial
customer base, but if you do so for too long, your
churn rate will be too high and your firm will collapse.
● If your quick ratio is less than four but greater than

one, it means your business is growing. While this may
seem to be a favorable development on the surface,

the fact is that you will find it difficult to sustain your
current high level of client acquisition in order to
restore lost revenue and clients. You will continue to
grow, but at a slower and less efficient rate.
● If your quick ratio is more than 4, you are rapidly and

successfully growing. This means that for every $1 you
lost, you made $4 in revenue.
Trial conversion rate

Trial Conversion Rate is a metric that indicates the
percentage of customers who have upgraded to a paid
account after first signing up for a free trial. It compares the
number of users who upgraded from a free trial to the total
number of users who signed up for the free trial.
2. Franchise model metrics &

KPIs
Same-store sales
Comparable same-store sales or same-store sales is a metric
that analyzes the revenue earned by a retail company in the
last fiscal period as compared to the revenue generated in
the previous comparable fiscal period. This period can be a
fiscal year, fiscal quarter, calendar year, or quarter.
It is a monetary statistic that is used in the process of

assessing the level of success experienced by retail stores
that are already in operation.
This comparison is done so that the previous

accounting/fiscal period may be utilized as a reference point
for the current fiscal period.

Why is Comparable Store Sales important?
● The management of a retail chain, as well as the

investors who are studying the chain's present and
predicted future performance, place a high value on
same-store sales data as an important point of study.
This is because same-store sales are strongly tied to
the chain's overall success. By looking at its
same-store sales, the evaluation of a retail chain's
management in terms of its capacity to increase
revenue while making use of its current assets can be
carried out with accuracy.
● As far as investors and market analysts are concerned,

they want to see substantial growth in same-store
sales. That's because high same-store sales indicate
growth. When a company's revenue increase is mostly
due to the establishment of new stores, its growth may
have peaked. As a result, it's more realistic to expect
revenue growth to remain minimal once the company
has a certain number of retail locations under its belt.
● A retail chain's management may benefit from utilizing

sales data from existing shops when making decisions
regarding existing locations as well as prospective
future expansions. This is because they can now make
educated decisions about their future plans after
understanding what causes revenue fluctuations in
their other locations.
How to calculate Comparable Store Sales?

To calculate comparable-store sales, you need to know your
store’s total sales in the current period (Total SalesT+1) and its
sales in the previous period (Total Sales).

From the image below, say a store’s preceding total sales
were $30,000 and its current total sales were $40,000. This
would be the formula for finding its same-store sales.
($40000 / $30000 - 1) x 100 = Same-store sales.
(1.33 - 1) x 100 = 33%
With a same-store sale of 0.33 and a percentage same-store

sale of 33, that would mean that the store’s total revenue
increased by 33%.
A gain in same-store sales of more than 0% is regarded as

positive, while a decrease in same-store sales of less than 0%
is considered negative.

NPS has been properly fleshed out under Net Promoter
Score.
Average Sales Ticket

Average Sales Ticket is a metric that gives insight into the
average amount of revenue/sales generated from each
individual customer. In its most basic form, it is a statistic that
examines the total monetary value of sales provided by each
individual consumer.
How to Increase Your Average Ticket Sale
● Offer discount coupons.

This can be done by providing discount coupons with
specific criteria tied to them. Giving your most loyal
customers discount coupons for orders above a
specific dollar amount or that are only valid while
supplies last is basically what this is all about, rather
than wide promotions or price cuts.
● Change the terms of free delivery.

Due to its effective results, this method is frequently
utilized. Depending on your logistical situation and
business objectives, you may provide free shipping to
clients who spend a particular amount. To avoid having
to pay for shipping, customers who are within a few
dollars of qualifying for free shipping will prefer to
purchase extra things. However, if you want to provide
free delivery, you shouldn't make the barrier too high;
else, your brand's reputation might be damaged.
● Open the door to cross-selling opportunities.

Your product pages and checkout pages might feature
a sequence of related items that have a greater
possibility of attracting your consumers' attention in
order to increase your average sales ticket. This would
be beneficial to your business. Users will be more
interested in results that have been tailored based on
their prior search behavior.
● Start adopting upselling strategies.

When businesses use this strategy, they are able to

justify charging a higher price for a product that is of
higher quality or has a larger number of features than
their other products on the market. When a client is
close to being ready to make a purchase, the assisted
selling approach, which is the most typical way of
putting this plan into action, produces the greatest
results. Because the vendor is already aware of the
consumer's unfulfilled needs, the efficacy of this
service may be attributed, in part, to this fact.
● Make product bundles.

If you aren't able to generate enough revenue via
cross-selling, you might consider bundling together
items that are complementary to one another and
selling the bundle at a price that is cheaper than what
the individual items would cost if purchased
separately. These bundles will also pique the interests
of purchasers who haven't given a lot of thought to
what else they may want, such as a camera bag (if the
customer bought a camera or camera lens), which is
something that might be included in one of the
bundles. As a result of the ease with which these
packs may be sold, the company is also given the
opportunity to sell items that either have a large
quantity in stock or that are low-quality products..
● Create loyalty programs.

Because customers will make more expensive
purchases in order to accumulate the points necessary
to get the reward, loyalty programs are an ideal
method for increasing the average ticket price. But
customers will only do so if the incentive is desirable
enough. It is crucial to choose great rewards for the
customers who have gotten the most loyalty points.
However, this should not result in a loss for your
business.

● Create landing pages that are dynamic.
You don't have to be kicking off a new campaign or
presenting a brand-new product in order to make use
of a landing page. Increasing the exposure of products
that are in high demand, such as seasonal goods, may
require the creation of new landing pages or the
modification of current ones. By using dynamic landing
pages, you can also start selling products that
customers might not have been aware of.
● Target new customers.

You may experiment with numerous approaches to
reach a larger audience, but you must avoid deviating
from your goals in the process. You may be able to
achieve this aim if you combine outstanding user
classification with digital advertising with a strong viral
component.
Sales per Square Foot

Sales per square foot (also written as "sales per sq. ft.") is a
statistic that retail businesses sometimes use to assess the
revenue earned for every square foot of retail space in their
establishments. The sales efficiency of retail establishments
may be measured in terms of the sales generated per square
foot of space.
Why are Sales per Square Foot important?

Sales per square foot is one metric that can be used to
assess the efficiency of a company's retail outlet. When it
comes to levels of productivity and efficiency, a retail shop is
considered to be operating at a high level when it has a high
sales volume per square foot. A retail company that, for
example, earned $50 per square foot of space would be
judged to be operating at a far higher efficiency level than
one that generated $35 per square foot of space.

When considering sales per square foot, it is vital to make
comparisons, just as it is important to make comparisons
when using a variety of other financial figures. It is important
to study this metric in conjunction with other indicators when
comparing it to the sales per square foot of similar
competitors. However, when attempting to determine how
efficient a company really is in the present day, managers and
analysts don't place as much emphasis on a company's
revenue per square foot as they formerly did.
How to calculate Sales per Square Foot?

To determine a retail shop’s sales per square foot, you must
first determine their revenue for the period of time you’d like
to analyze and the amount of retail space used by the shop.
Say a retail chain wanted to know the sales per square foot of
its seven stores in a month. With a revenue of $5,000,000 for
the month and average footage of 120,000 for each of its
stores, the formula for their sales per sq. ft. would be:
sales per sq. ft. = 5,000,000 / (120,000 x 7) = $9.52/ square

foot.

How to Increase Sales per Square Foot?
● Shop space that isn't being used to its full capacity

may be the cause of poor sales per square foot. The
unnecessary extra equipment may be a hindrance to a
retail establishment, for example. As a result,
increasing revenue per square foot may be made
possible by redesigning the store layout and removing
items that aren't being utilized.
● Poor sales per square foot may be caused by

customers’ lack of interest in the items on offer. If a
retail business offers products that are out of date with
current technology trends, for example, its sales will
decrease. A retail store may make more money by
gathering information on the products that are most
popular with customers and removing those that
aren't.
● Workers at a retail shop have a direct influence on

both customer satisfaction and sales, making them
one of the most important elements in increasing
revenue. Employees that are informed about the
company's goods may cross-sell and up-sell the
company's items more effectively. Thus, increasing
staff training (including product knowledge, up-selling
and cross-selling methods, and so on) has a
considerable influence on sales per square foot.
Franchise Growth Rate

The franchise growth rate is a metric that measures the rate
at which a franchise expands as new franchisees join and
franchisor revenue and income rise.
When examining any organization that offers franchise

opportunities, it is critical to analyze the system's pace of

development and how it relates to possible risk concerns.
You should also consider how your investment will affect the
pace of development. You want to ensure that the franchise
has the long-term sustainability that comes with dynamic
growth, but you also want to ensure that it is not growing at
such a rapid speed that you are unable to adequately handle
the challenges that arise as a result of the brand's expansion.
Growth may be measured in a number of ways, some more

essential than others. Some of these techniques are listed
below.
● The number of newly established franchisees.

This figure may be used to calculate the number of
new franchisees who join the system each year.
Because running a successful franchise demands a
significant level of effort from each new franchisee,
ensure that this amount is acceptable (as they work
their way up the learning curve). Having too few
franchisees may suggest that the system has an issue
that prevents it from recruiting more. If the number of
new franchisees is high, it may indicate that support
personnel are overworked, which may result in a
decrease in support services.
When assessing the expansion of a franchise

organization, it is critical to analyze the growth rate as
a proportion of the total number of franchisees added.
If there are two hundred franchisees in the system
rather than twenty, if ten new franchisees join, they will
have more resources to help them. A reasonable aim
for new franchisees is 10% to 35% of the total number
of franchisees.
● Revenue and Income of a Franchisor

This is the simplest way of calculating a growth rate,
but it is also the least accurate. In terms of financial

statements, you want to see a franchisor who is
financially secure enough to be in business in the long
run.
Retail Conversion Rate

The term "retail conversion rate" refers to the proportion of
customers who make a purchase while at a retail
establishment.
How to calculate the retail conversion rate

To calculate the retail conversion rate, divide the number of
sales by the total number of visitors, then multiply by 100. In
essence:
Retail Conversion Rate = (Number of Sales / Total Number

of Visitors) x 100
What is the average conversion rate for retailers?

According to many studies, the average conversion rate for
traditional retailers is between 20 and 40%. That's a good
reference point to use in contrast to your own.

However, it's vital to bear in mind that the retail conversion
rate might change for a variety of reasons. A weekend flash
sale, for example, may result in an increase in sales for your
company. However, your retail conversion rate may also be
reduced if one of your retail sales personnel becomes ill,
resulting in you working with one fewer person than usual.
Why is retail conversion rate important?
● Improve your business decision-making with

relevant data.
You will be able to make more informed decisions
about the future of your business thanks to the useful
information that the conversion rate gives on the
performance of your retail locations.
● A more accurate gauge of performance.

The conversion rate is a great indicator of how well a
retail shop is operating in general because of its
constancy from day to day. Foot traffic and gross
income, for example, are subject to substantial
variation based on the day of the week and adjacent
activities.
Such characteristics have less of an impact on retail

conversion rates. Whatever the size of your sample,
this KPI may help you better understand how your
in-store customer experience affects their purchase
choices.

How to improve your retail store conversion rate?
● Strategically positioning your products may help

attract customers.
Increasing consumer traffic may be accomplished in a
number of easy methods, one of which is by displaying
your most alluring products at the store's entrance. If
you own a clothing store, this involves having the
current season's inventory up front and stock from
previous years or things on sale at the rear. The vast
majority of big corporations already do this, but the
principle also applies to smaller businesses.
You should also pay careful attention to any window

displays in your store, if you have any. It is not enough
to just make the display appealing to customers; the
design must be changed on a regular basis to maintain
its vibrancy. Use the window display to your advantage
to attract the attention of prospective customers,
regardless of the kind of goods you have for sale.
● Consider training and staffing as an investment.

To enhance customer service at your shop and
increase conversion rates, staff it with appropriately
trained employees during peak hours.
Having a member of your staff who is kind,

professional, and goes as far as possible to satisfy a
customer's needs increases the likelihood that the
customer will buy from your firm and become a regular
customer.
Having your staff connect with clients is just as

important as educating and scheduling them
appropriately and engaging customers who may
otherwise leave your company without making a

purchase. By ensuring that all of your employees are
able to assist clients without seeming pushy or
intrusive, you may get a jump start on providing
exceptional customer service.
● Ensure that your stock and inventory levels are at

their ideal levels.
Inventory management is a skill that needs a delicate
touch. While having too little stuff on the floor of your
retail store may turn off prospective shoppers since
they won't have many selections, you don't want to
stock up on too many things since it will clog your
shop and devalue the products.
For example, you may choose to show just one or two

items of clothing per size for each design, while the
remainder of your inventory is kept at the rear of the
store.
This strategy also gives your personnel the

opportunity to speak with customers and determine if
they need support.
● Streamline the checkout process.

Nothing is more aggravating than a long wait at the
checkout register, and for some, it might be the
difference between purchasing something and giving
up and going away. Streamlining the checkout process
is critical for any shop that wishes to enhance
conversion rates.
Having checkout counters towards the rear of the

business is a simple yet visually appealing option.
Other options include distributing the cash registers
across the store or eliminating the ground-level
checkout area completely.

Consumers can now pay for goods and services using
mobile devices, including their own cell phones,
thanks to the availability of mobile point-of-sale
systems. These mobile payment methods are
becoming commonplace at major shops with several
outlets.
● Adjust your marketing and advertising strategies.

If your company's conversion rates remain constant, a
superb ad campaign may be all that is needed to bring
in new consumers and improve revenue.
You may discover that offering seasonal discounts to

your customers is a big success, or you may discover
that just publishing a new ad on the internet or in your
local newspaper is enough to bring in new customers.
The specifics of this will be determined by the kind of
business you operate.
Gross sales
The term "gross sales" refers to the entire amount of
sales/revenue a company generated in a certain time period.
It is important to note, however, that gross revenues do not
include any of the expenses associated with operating a
company.
Why is Gross sales important?
● Helps in assessing the break-even point.

First things first: if you want to have a healthy profit
margin, you need to figure out how much money you
earn in comparison to how much it costs you to
produce the goods that you sell. The calculation of
your gross sales will help you achieve this goal. This is
especially crucial for newly established firms, as the
bigger their gross revenues, the sooner they may be

able to break even and begin generating profits from
their most fundamental operations.
● It has an impact on cash flow.

The level of gross sales has a direct bearing on cash
flow. When a company wants to sell a wider variety of
products, they often invest money in expanding its
inventory. If you have a big markup margin on the
sales of your inventory, you may end up earning more
money per item than you paid when you bought it.
If you are able to swiftly turn your sales and inventory

into a profit, it will be much simpler for you to make
investments in the growth of your company. If you
want to maximize your cash flow and improve your
investment plan, you need to analyze your gross sales
and the patterns in your sales.
● Pricing strategies determined by gross sales.

Pricing strategies, which are usually dependent on the
market's market rate of competition, are frequently in
charge of determining gross sales.
Your pricing will be generally similar and competitive

with that of your main rivals. You will maintain your
usual profit, but in order to increase sales, you will
need to market your products.
In other cases, you may be able to lower your prices

and still generate more sales than normal, since your
prices are the lowest on the market.
If you want to increase your sales, you may charge a

higher price than your competition. It is bizarre that
this is an option when we expect that consumers
would want to make less costly purchases.

There is, however, a problem with this setup. It is
common practice to have to make extra efforts to
brand the product while utilizing this strategy. In this
scenario, in order to optimize your financial advantage,
you must actively market your brand in addition to the
things that you make. It is possible to use this method
in certain markets, but doing so exposes the company
to the danger of selling to a market that is satisfied
with purchasing at a lower price.
How to calculate Gross sales?

To calculate the overall amount of gross sales for a specific
time period, add up all of the sales transactions for that time
period. Remember to include the selling price before
subtracting any discounts, refunds, modifications to the
selling price, or perks of any type.
Gross Sales = the total sum of all transactions.
Rankings
Because it is based on gross sales, this often-used metric is
only somewhat useful. You may need to know which
franchisees are profitable, but you won't be able to assess
how effectively they perform as a team until you also know
their expenses. Your ability to judge their success based on
individual sales may be hampered by the potential that such
transactions are not evidently profitable.
If sales are increasing in high-ranking locations and the

location of those shops is the key reason for this, the
information will not give any useful insight for enhancing your
sales. If the cause isn't their actual locations, you may be able
to replicate their marketing strategy, upselling and
cross-selling tactics, or any other component of their
business. Take note of the most successful businesses and
draw inspiration from their formula.

Net Profit (NP)
The amount of money that remains after subtracting all of a
company's operating expenses from the sum of all of its sales
is the company's net profit, which is often referred to as the
bottom line or net income.
In addition to the cost of goods sold, a broad variety of other

variables may have an effect on profits. These include things
like payroll and other operating expenditures; taxes; interest
payments on loans and other obligations; depreciation of
fixed assets; and selling, general, and administration fees.
When determining a company's net profit, total revenue
consists of product sales in addition to other sources of
revenue, like investments.
How to Calculate Net Profit?

To determine your company's net profit, add up all of your
revenue over a certain time period and then subtract from
that total all of your costs incurred during that same time
period.
Total Revenue - Total Cost = Net Profit
3. Subscription business model

metrics & KPIs
Between 2012 and 2021, subscription-based business models
increased in popularity by more than 435%, and this number
is expected to grow. And just like other business models, a
separate set of performance metrics and benchmarks for
subscription services, is now being adopted industry-wide.
These key performance indicators (KPIs) may help you keep
tabs on the health of your company. The following is a list of
some of the most essential key performance indicators for
subscription companies:
Freemium conversion rate

Freemium, often known as "free trial", is a customer
acquisition technique that enables consumers to test out a
restricted version of a product for free before being urged to
subscribe to the full version. If you use this method to
persuade customers that your product or service can resolve
their issues, your customer acquisition costs may be lower
than they otherwise would be.
Why is the Freemium conversion rate important?
● Increase the number of customers who buy your

product by guiding them to discover its value.
Following the COVID-19 pandemic, customers are
increasingly searching for items that they can test for
themselves in today's competitive environment.
According to studies, most B2B customers prefer to
learn about a product on their own rather than via a
sales representative.
In light of this, you should provide a freemium

alternative to enable consumers to satisfy their needs
while determining if your product is the best solution
to their issues. This is because providing what your
consumers need is one of the most effective strategies
to improve conversions.
● Reducing the cost of gaining new consumers

It's important to understand that freemium's primary
goal is not to make more money right away, but rather
to reduce the costs associated with acquiring new
customers.
When it comes to the expense of acquiring new

consumers, it will save you money as well as time and
energy, which are two of the most valuable resources.
● Developing a loyal customer base for your business.

Using a freemium version of your product helps clients
get acquainted with its features and functioning before
making a purchase decision.
They will be more inclined to utilize your premium

product in the future than other items that they are
unfamiliar with.
One of the major advantages of establishing loyal

consumers via freemiums is that your product will
continue to be utilized and promoted by these
customers.
● Reaching a larger audience with your products.

The freemium model is very helpful for generating
more awareness for your products. You can increase
the number of long-term customers who pay you
regular fees if you provide them with a free trial of the
product or service they are interested in purchasing.
If you provide a freemium alternative and customers

are able to find what they are looking for in it, word of
mouth will spread about how valuable your product is.
In essence, if you are able to provide your customers

with a pleasant experience when they first start using
your product, you can be certain that they will want to
promote it to their loved ones and colleagues.
● Gather feedback and data from your target

demographic.
A significant benefit of using a freemium company
approach is the ability to gather user data and

feedback.
Data from your users, as well as any comments they

offer, can assist you in properly categorizing your
audience and developing buyer personas for each of
your users. This will allow you to more directly reach
your prospective consumers.
It will also assist you in improving your marketing and

sales efforts, as well as how you onboard new users,
allowing you to retain more of your customer base.
How to calculate the Freemium Conversion Rate?

To determine the rate of freemium users who become paying
customers, divide the number of freemium users who
converted to paying customers during a particular time period
by the total number of freemium users during the same time
period, then multiply that value by 100.
If just 60 of the 1,000 clients who started with the free version
of your product converted during a given month, your
conversion rate from free to paid is 6% for that month.
(60 / 1000) x 100 = 6%.
What is the ideal Freemium Conversion Rate?

Conversion rates for freemium models should be between
2-5%. The average conversion rate for freemium services is
roughly 1%. While a high rate of freemium conversion may be
desired, it is just as inconvenient as a low rate.
If your rate is high, it means that you made too many

promises during your freemium period. Because of your
freemium model, these consumers will convert into paying
ones; yet, after they have paid for your product or service,

they will leave promptly if they are unable to get what they
were promised.
How to Optimize Your Freemium Conversion Rate
● Determine which product limits should be applied to

your free account.
If you have a poor freemium conversion rate, one of
the first things you should look at is your free plan. If
your free plan fits all of the requirements of freemium
users, they have no need to upgrade to a paying plan.
You may utilize your rivals' free plans to determine how

much to include in your own. Strong awareness of the
competitive landscape can help you establish the right
explanation in your advertising campaign, whether you
match their features or not.
Using product usage statistics, you may learn more

about how your consumers are using your product and
where they are getting the most bang for their buck.
With the insight from this, your freemium conversion
rate will improve. It all comes down to creating enough
of a value gap for free consumers to entice them to
upgrade.
● Put customer success first.

When you adopt freemium, your product does the
selling for you. As soon as they sign up for free, your
customers should be able to see the value of your
product. This is quite important. Optimizing for
customer success is a great approach to achieving this
goal. You must ensure that your product is of greater
value to your clients at all times. Free users may be
more likely to upgrade to a paid membership as a
result of this.

You may help consumers succeed by doing a number
of things, such as
● Send a welcome email or an email series to

customers during the onboarding process to
help them succeed;
● Highlight crucial features inside the app with

prompts and notifications;
● To react to any potential questions, use a

comprehensive product knowledge base;
● You can provide an additional layer of support if

you have a dedicated customer service staff;
● Consider sending out a newsletter to assist new

users in getting started.
● Include a free trial period with all of the features.

By providing access to all of your product's features
and capabilities, feature-rich free trial periods make it
easier for prospective customers to evaluate the
complete worth of your product before making a
purchase decision.
Customers should not be pressed to make a purchase

choice at the end of a free trial period. As an
alternative, you may restore them to a free-level plan
with fewer features, which minimizes the number of
people who stop their free trials early. The limitations
of the free plan will become more obvious if customers
return to it after the free trial time has expired,
increasing their urge to subscribe to a premium
membership.
● Remind users to upgrade as often as possible.

Remember that your users are actual people, and you

can't expect them to notice subtle requests to upgrade
their accounts. Make sure to remind customers that
their free account has restrictions and that they may
upgrade to a premium account with additional features
whenever possible.
Free customers who are on the fence about upgrading

to a premium account might be persuaded by using
these approaches. Finally, depending on their activity
and email segmentation data, you may send a more
targeted upgrade message to consumers who are
most impacted by the free plan constraints you've
placed.
Trial conversion rate

Trial Conversion Rate is a metric that indicates the
percentage of customers who have upgraded to a paid
account after first signing up for a free trial. It compares the
number of users who upgraded from a free trial to the total
number of users who signed up for the free trial.

Why is a free trial conversion rate important?
● Customers' willingness to pay is an important indicator

in determining whether your product provides true
value or not, and that's what this metric measures.
● With a higher trial-to-paid conversion rate, you'll notice

faster growth and lower client acquisition expenses.
● PQLs — Product Qualified Leads — are another reason

why the free trial conversion rate is crucial. PQLs are
essentially all of your current free trial customers, and
converting them is significantly simpler than doing so
with Marketing Qualified Leads (MQLs). They are more
likely to purchase from you since they have had more
personal interaction with your products than someone
who hasn’t used the free trial.
However, if you want to convert them into clients, you'll

need a product-focused sales strategy. If your free trial
to paid conversion rate is low, you need to optimize
your product-driven sales and user engagement
strategy.
● The trial conversion rate also aids in the identification

of product use cases and user personas. Using various
user demographics, such as industry or area, may
assist you in categorizing your trial conversion
numbers. As a result, you'll be able to observe which
free users are most likely to convert to paying clients,
as well as the particular reasons they do so.
How to calculate Trial Conversion Rate?

To determine the rate of free trial users who become paying
customers, divide the number of trial users who converted to

paying customers during a particular time period by the total
number of trial users that signed up during the same time
period. To convert it to a percentage, multiply the figure by
100.
If just 200 of the 1,500 customers who started with the trial
version of your product converted during a given month, your
trial conversion rate from free to paid will be 13.3% for that
month.
Trial Conversion Rate = (200 / 1500) x 100 = 13.3%.
What is a good Trial Conversion Rate benchmark?

A conversion rate of 25% is considered to be a reasonable
standard for opt-in (doesn’t require payment information) free
trials. A decent benchmark for the free trial conversion rate is
60%, and this applies to opt-out (requires payment
information) free trials.
How to improve your free trial-to-paid conversion rate?

By utilizing Product-Led Growth (PLG) tactics, you can

increase the proportion of customers who sign up for your
premium services after taking advantage of your free trial.
This technique depends on your product to boost annual
income.
At the end of the day, it all comes down to providing clients

with unique experiences and promoting a free trial to
persuade them that your company is the best fit for their
needs.
This, however, is not as straightforward as it seems. If, for

instance, your conversion rate is 16%, you are losing revenue
from 84% of potential clients. This low conversion rate can be
attributed to a variety of factors, including high sign-up flow
friction — despite the product's simplicity —, an overwhelming
dashboard, a long and uninteresting product tour, a lack of a
clear activation point, and a lack of a clear user journey that
leads to conversion.
Here are some potential solutions to these problems:
● Personal greetings and the start of the user

onboarding process
You should have a personalized welcome screen to
ensure that your product meets the customer's
expectations from the moment they sign up.
That does not just involve addressing the individual by

name and expressing gratitude. It should be a place
where you can classify users and gather data to help
steer the rest of the onboarding process.

● Offer interactive tutorials or walkthroughs
Your clients will have an easier time utilizing your
product for the first time if you incorporate an
interactive lesson into it. In contrast to a product tour, it
focuses on the user's experience rather than providing
a full overview of its features.
It is frequently displayed as an overlay on the user

interface to assist customers in getting to their
activation point and explain how they may begin using
your product. If you don't know what defines activation
for each individual user group, the onboarding process
will be ineffective.
If a user, for instance, downloaded your software to

edit a YouTube video, and instead of offering an
interactive tutorial on how to edit long-form videos,
you offered them a walkthrough on how to edit
short-form portrait videos, that won’t serve as a proper
activation point for such a user.
● Utilize checklists
It is crucial to make certain that your clients have
completed the onboarding process, and you can
encourage them to do so by presenting them with a
checklist that is automatically checked off as they
move through the process.
● In-app surveys can be a useful tool.

Surveys are important because they provide you with
the information you need to improve the user
experience and increase trial-to-paid conversion rates.
Customers will be able to make a decision about
whether to buy your product or not, if you follow up
with them before the trial period ends.
Consider asking about the most common reasons

respondents say they haven't upgraded, such as the
cost, the need for management approval, or the fact
that they're still evaluating the product.
Retention rate
The proportion of existing customers who stay after a
particular amount of time is referred to as the retention rate.
It's an important indicator for SaaS and subscription-based
service providers to monitor.
Why is Retention Rate Important?

This has been thoroughly discussed under Why is customer
retention rate important?
How to Calculate Retention Rate?

This has been thoroughly discussed under How to calculate
customer retention rate.
How to Improve Retention Rate?

This has been thoroughly discussed under How to improve
customer retention rate.

LTV: CAC ratio
This has been thoroughly discussed under Lifetime Value:
Customer Acquisition Cost Ratio.
Payback Period
This has been thoroughly discussed under the Payback
Period.
Why should you measure the Payback Period?

It is important to calculate the Payback Period since doing so
helps you to create an accurate prediction about the amount
of time it will take to recoup the money spent on the
acquisition of each new customer based on the monthly
recurring revenue (MRR).
How to Calculate Payback Period?

the payback period.
Net Promoter Score

This has been thoroughly discussed under Net Promoter
Score.

Average Order Value (AOV)
An average order value is a metric that may be used to
monitor the average amount of money that a customer
spends when they place an order online.
Lead velocity rate (LVR)

Lead velocity rate is a metric that may be used to evaluate
how well your business is able to acquire new customers.
Annual recurring revenue (ARR)

While the Monthly Recurring Revenue (MRR) statistic is
equivalent to it in some ways, the Annual Recurring Revenue
indicator gives a more complete perspective of revenue over
the upcoming year. As a result, it is a more accurate predictor
of how much revenue will be earned over the succeeding
twelve months.
Customer Lifetime Value (LTV)

This has been thoroughly discussed under Customer Lifetime
Value.
Average Revenue per Customer (ARPC)

Average Revenue Per Customer refers to the average
amount of money a company generates from each of its
customers.
Why should you measure ARPC?

ARPC is an important indicator that offers insight into the
performance of a business or company.
It offers a snapshot of the worth of your subscribers;

therefore, when it indicates an increase, it may serve as a
sign that your business as a whole is expanding, given that it
demonstrates growth. It is crucial to keep in mind that a
relatively small number of huge clients may have a significant
influence on the average; hence, it is also helpful to look at

the range of money produced by each individual customer.
You can do so via customer segmentation.
How to Calculate ARPC?

To calculate ARPC, divide total revenue for a month by the
number of customers that contributed to that monthly
revenue.
Say a company has a monthly revenue of $2,000,000 and

120,000 subscribers contributed to that total. Then, the
formula for calculating the company's ARPC would be:
ARPC = $2,000,000 / 120,000 = $16.6
That would mean that the average revenue per customer is

$16.6.
Quick Ratio
This has been thoroughly discussed under SaaS Quick Ratio.

Why should you measure the Quick Ratio?
● The quick ratio, an easy-to-use indicator, may be used
to analyze your company's liquidity. This information is
critical for both lenders since it helps them to
determine whether a company is creditworthy and will
be able to make timely debt payments or not.
● Because it solely considers short-term assets, the

quick ratio is a strict approach to measuring your
company's liquidity. It does not factor in assets such as
inventories or prepaid expenditures that will not
generate cash for some time and may lose value. A
company that is experiencing low sales and,
consequently, a buildup of inventory may, for instance,
have a high current ratio, indicating that it is a liquid
company even while it is facing a cash shortfall as a
consequence of the low sales. The quick ratio ensures
that information regarding an entity's liquidity is not
distorted in any manner.
● Since investors want their money on time, a quick ratio

close to the optimum value of 1:1 suggests that the firm
can pay dividends on time, which is a big advantage to
your company because this is an important factor that
prospective investors consider when deciding whether
to invest in a firm or not.
How to Calculate Quick Ratio?

SaaS quick ratio.
Gross Margin Percentage

Gross margin percentage is the proportion of revenue that is
kept by a firm after taking into account all of the direct
expenses that are connected with the production of a

product or the provision of a service.
How to Calculate Gross Margin Percentage?

To calculate the gross margin percentage, subtract the
expenses associated with the production of a product or
delivery of a service from the subscription revenue
generated, then divide by the subscription revenue. After
that, multiply by 100. This formula is as follows:
GMP = (Total Revenue From Subscription - Expenses) / Total

Revenue x 100
If a company’s cost is $100,000 and the revenue generated

from its activities is $200,000. Then, to find its gross margin
percentage, the formula would be:
Gross Margin Percentage = ($200,000 - $100,000) /

$200,000 x 100 = 50%.

This has been thoroughly discussed under Customer
Acquisition Cost.
Monthly Recurring Revenue (MRR)

This has been thoroughly discussed under Monthly Recurring
Revenue.
Monthly Recurring Revenue (MRR) Growth

https://recurly.com/content/key-metrics-for-subscription-com
merce/
The MRR Growth is calculated by comparing the current MRR
to that of a preceding time period.
MRR Churn
The amount of monthly recurring revenue that is lost as a
result of customers canceling their subscriptions are referred

to as "Churn MRR". To read more on churn MRR, go to Net
MRR Churn Rate.
Cohort Analysis
A cohort analysis is an evaluation of groups of subscribers
over time to understand how their behavior develops. When it
comes to subscriber retention, a cohort analysis would look
at the retention rate as well as the churn rate over time for
each group of paying subscribers that signed up in a specific
month.
Subscriber Return on Investment (ROI)

The Subscription Return on Investment statistic calculates the
amount of profit generated by each individual subscriber.
Subscriber Churn
The total number of subscribers whose memberships have
lapsed within a certain time frame is referred to as "subscriber
churn", and it can be measured in terms of percentage. It is
common practice to classify these subscribers into one of two
categories based on the manner in which their subscriptions
came to an end: voluntarily or involuntarily.
Why should you measure subscriber churn?

When you measure the churn of your subscribers, you may
find out why they left, whether it was deliberately or
unintentionally. This, in turn, gives you insight into where you
can concentrate your efforts to retain your subscribers.
How to Calculate Subscriber Churn?

Say a new company had 10,000 subscribers at the beginning
of a month and only 6,000 at the end. Their subscriber churn
can be calculated thus:
Subscriber Churn = (6,000 / 10,000) x 100 = 60%.

While this calculation is hypothetical, a subscriber churn rate
of this size in a real company should be properly investigated.
4. Open-source Business model

Metrics & KPIs
Activity
The overall amount of activity that a community has, in
addition to how that activity has changed over the course of
time, is an important statistic that is beneficial for any
open-source community to have.
Activity may be used to keep track of a wide range of

different types of activity and provides a broad indication of
how active the community is. For instance, the number of
commits offers a preliminary glimpse into the extent of the
amount of development effort that has been taking place.
The number of tickets submitted may provide some insight
into the number of issues that are reported or the number of

new features that are made available. By examining the
number of messages on mailing lists or posts in forums, one
is able to gain an idea of the level of discussion that is taking
place in the public sphere at any given time.
Size
The size of a community may be gauged by the number of
individuals who participate in its activities. The number of
participants, on the other hand, might vary significantly
depending on the nature of their involvement in the
community's tasks. The Author field in a git repository, for
example, may tell you how many developers are consistently
submitting new code for inclusion. And by looking at who has
contributed to tickets, you can figure out how many
individuals are attempting to address them.
Counting the number of people who participated in a

significant portion of an activity is a standard approach to
keeping tabs on its progress. For example, the majority of a
project's code contributions often come from a tiny subset of
the project's overall user base. The core group may be better
understood if you identify that percentage.
Performance
You may also analyze the performance of both individuals in
the community and the performance of the community’s
processes. For example, the time it takes to resolve or close
tickets demonstrate how effectively a project adapts to new
information that requires action, such as correcting a reported
issue or building a requested new feature. The amount of
time spent in code review, starting when a change to the
code is submitted and ending when it is authorized, indicates
how much time is needed to bring a proposed change up to
the quality standards expected by the community.
Demographics
Communities continually evolve as a result of the entry and

outflow of people. The age of a community, as determined by
the length of time that has elapsed since its members first
joined it, is subject to change based on the manner in which
people join and leave it in its lifetime.
Diversity
The presence of different people greatly aids communities'
capacity to rebound rapidly from setbacks. The larger the
variety of individuals and organizations in a community, the
better its capacity to withstand difficult circumstances. For
example, if a corporation decides to quit a free and
open-source software community, the issues that the
departure may raise are far less likely to be significant if the
company's employees did just 10% of the work rather than
70%.
Referral Traffic
Visitors to your website who come from other websites are
known as "referral traffic". You can think of referral traffic as
the visitors who come to your site from other sources, rather
than through a Google search.
Using the Referral Traffic indicator, your team will be able to

measure how much of their traffic originates from referrals
and discover the source of the majority of these referrals.
How to calculate Referral traffic?

Referral traffic is determined by dividing the amount of traffic
from other websites, by the total amount of all your traffic. To
make it a percentage, multiply by 100.
(Traffic from other websites / Total traffic) x 100
Total unique visitors

Total Unique Visitors refers to the total number of different
people who went to a website over the course of a certain

period of time. For instance, a single user who accesses the
site many times during the course of the day is still only
counted as a single unique visitor. This is because each visit
to the site is associated with a certain IP address or cookie.
Unique visitors may be broken down into a few different

groups, including those that come to the site on a daily,
weekly, monthly, or annual basis.
Why Is It Important to Measure Unique Visitors?

This has been explained under Why Is It Important to
Measure Unique Visitors?
How to Measure Unique Visitors?

This has been thoroughly explained under How to measure
unique visitors.
Total page views

This KPI measures how many times a certain page on your
website has been viewed or reloaded. This may be a good
indicator of how well your material is received by site visitors.

A comparison to other pages on your website, for example,
might help you determine whether your blog posts are being
viewed or not.
How to calculate the Number of Visitor Page Views?

Page views are a helpful metric, but they should be used in
combination with other metrics since they are easily
manipulated. When someone visits a certain page, page
views are recorded. A new page refresh constitutes a new
page view. It makes no difference how many times you reload
that page; each one counts as an additional page view. And
all this can be recorded and calculated by analytics platforms
like Google Analytics, Yandex.Metrica, Heap Analytics, etc.
5. Freemium business model

Metrics & KPIs
This has been extensively discussed under Customer
Acquisition Cost.
Customer churn
This has been extensively discussed under Customer Churn.
Conversion Rate
Conversion Rate.
Active Users
This has been extensively discussed under Active Users.
Daily Active Users

This has been extensively discussed under Daily Active
Users.
Monthly Active Users

This has been extensively discussed under Monthly Active
Users.
6. Peer-to-peer business model

Metrics & KPIs
Cost Per Invoice
The accounts payable department should definitely measure
this KPI since it is one of the most important ones. In essence,
it is a measurement of the typical and the overall average
cost of processing an invoice for a company. It is important to
keep in mind that this KPI might vary substantially across
businesses since, in certain circumstances, many diverse
elements are taken into consideration when assessing this
KPI's value.
If you want to know how much each client's invoice costs, the
key performance indicators you use must precisely reflect all
of the components. For example, the labor and operational
expenses include, but are not limited to, the following:
personnel expenses, administration costs, information
technology, printing and mailing, costs associated with
mistakes and late payments, costs associated with missed
discounts from suppliers, and any necessary audits.
Invoice Processing Times

Basic key performance indicators like cost per invoice may be
categorized more accurately with the use of supplementary
KPIs like invoice processing times. This is because they
provide information on the efficiency of your purchase-to-pay
operation or the handling of incoming invoices in your
organization. In this context, a number of different cycle
lengths could be considered:
● The amount of time it takes for a billing cycle to be

completed: In general, how long does it take for an
operation to complete a full cycle, from the receipt of
an invoice to the verification and release of payment?
Rather than merely focusing on the individual
technological steps, this exercise should also evaluate
the complete peer-to-peer (P2P) process. Your
accounts payable department's efficiency and
attention may be gauged by the amount of time it
takes for a payment to be processed.
● The amount of time it takes to accomplish each step of

the process. Single invoice processing times vary
greatly. From the time an invoice is received to when it
is issued and paid, there are a number of ways you
can measure how long it takes. Even a cursory look at
the technological effectiveness of your invoice
processing may provide you with useful data. Through
this, you'll understand how the digitalization of key
processes impacts the speed at which invoices are
processed.
Average Payment Period (AVP)

One further key performance indicator (KPI) for overseeing
the peer-to-peer (P2P) process is the average payment
period. Following receipt of an invoice, this is the average
time it takes for a business to pay that vendor.
It is essential for the cash flow (cash conversion cycle) of a

business to have an average payment term that is longer than
the amount of time it takes for accounts receivable to
complete its cycle. When the purchase-to-pay process is
digitized, you have the option to possibly shorten the average
amount of time it takes for payments to be processed. To do
this, dynamically modify your supplier relationships in
accordance with the payment terms of your suppliers as
required.
How to calculate the Average Payment Period?

Calculate the average payment period by dividing the total
credit purchases by the number of days in consideration,
usually 360 days, then divide the average accounts payable
(first, sum the company's initial and ending accounts payable
balances, then divide by 2) by your result.
First-Time Match Rate

If the purchase-to-pay process is designed to be as easy as
possible, from the moment an order and invoice are received
until they are posted, the payment cycle should only need a
few technical actions. The proportion of first-time matches
created by your company is a good indicator of how
effectively this technique is working.
To figure out your company’s FTMR, divide the total number

of invoices (purchase orders) handled by the accounts
payable department in a given time period by the percentage
of invoices that matched the buy orders.

When the percentage value of a customer's invoice is higher,
the P2P process is able to handle it in a more efficient
manner. A lack of communication between the purchase
order and the purchase order processing may be the reason
for a low first-match rate. There are a number of potential
reasons for this, including an excessive number of manual
phases in the process of going from buying to paying
(purchase-to-pay), low-quality digitalization, and poor internal
communication between finance and procurement.
On-Time Payment Rate

The on-time payment rate is a metric that assesses if your
vendors and suppliers are paid on time. When your
business's accounts payable department can better manage
invoice payment deadlines so that they are paid at the ideal
time, your firm will profit from optimal cash flow while also
maintaining amicable long-term relationships with its
suppliers.
Contactless Invoice Processing Rate

Any transaction that may be completed without the
participation of a human at any stage throughout the
purchase-to-payment process is referred to as "contactless
processing".
Contactless processing may seem to be akin to automated

invoice processing, but they are not the same. The number of
transactions completed successfully through the P2P process
without the need for additional work, such as the labor
required to match an invoice with a purchase order, contract,
or master data, is what is being measured here. Accounting
procedures that do not need human data entry are included
in contactless invoice processing.
The percentage of contactless invoices that are processed

can be regarded as a key performance indicator (KPI) for

determining how successfully the procurement department of
an organization is adapting to the digital transition.
Automatically Processed Invoices Rate

You are able to determine the percentage of bills that are fully
automated by using this key performance indicator. This key
performance indicator (KPI) may act as a measure of how far
you and your suppliers have come toward implementing
electronic billing. As a result, the "Automatically Processed
Invoices Rate" is the key performance indicator (KPI) that
provides the clearest picture of how far your firm has
progressed in terms of digitizing procurement.
Supplier Rate Per 1,000 Invoices

This key performance indicator gives you an in-depth look at
the components that make up your supply chain. A master
database that contains just a select few service providers is
one of the greatest indicators of a process that is
well-structured from purchase to payment. This is due to the
fact that a smaller pool of suppliers gives the impression that
procurement is transparent in the contract negotiations it
engages in, has minimal administrative costs, and has a
comprehensive grasp of all of the products made by its
suppliers.
It is of the utmost importance to take the necessary steps to

ensure that the information relating to the suppliers is
organized in such a way that it can be accessed at the “line
item level". This information should be arranged in such a way
that it can be accessed at any point in the purchasing
process. It is very necessary to have a system that is entirely
automated from the point of purchase to the point of
payment, in which all relevant data is gathered in a single
location and can be reviewed there.

Duplicate Payments Rate
This key performance indicator (KPI) serves as a gauge to
determine whether your financial reporting is adequate or
not.
It's possible that your accounting department or your supplier

made a number of apparently small mistakes, which led to
multiple payments. In the direst of circumstances, it is even
possible that fraud is to blame. It makes no difference why
duplicate payments occur; the fact remains that they are not
only inconvenient, but they also have the potential to result in
higher totals for lower amounts, as well as to use costly
resources and annoy coworkers in the accounting
department.
The number of payments that are considered to be

duplicates may be cut down greatly with the use of
digitalization, which makes this possibility much more
attainable. It is possible to include safeguards in the digital
purchase-to-pay process in order to protect the accounts
payable department from making honest errors or falling
victim to unscrupulous tampering.
Realized Cash Discount Rate

This metric is a gauge of how much you’ve been able to take
advantage of the full scope of these cost reductions as a
direct consequence of the discount negotiating efforts that
your procurement department has made. This performance
statistic is strongly connected to on-time payment delivery.
A recent peer-to-peer benchmark study indicated that just

10% of all enterprises are able to effectively convert at least
80% of all reduced prices into profit. It is very necessary that
you automate your processes in order to achieve seamless
and instantaneous order matching with respect to invoices
and receipts.

7. Affiliate marketing business
model Metrics
Clicks
Clicks are the most important key performance indicator (KPI)
in affiliate marketing. This number represents the amount of
exposure that your product receives from various
promotional channels. With the help of this indicator, you'll be
able to evaluate the performance of your affiliate marketing in
relation to the total number of sales you've generated. If high
clicks only create a small portion of the revenue, there may
be a problem. You can then find out what the problem is in
order to make any required improvements to your approach.
The second most important indicator is the total number of

people who actually make the switch. To put it another way,
how many individuals really end up purchasing something or
signing up for the service after clicking on the link? That
being said, both are quite important. It's possible that the
relevance will change depending on where a brand is in its
lifespan. A website like Amazon, for instance, would be more
interested in the actual number of consumers making
purchases than in the number of potential customers (clicks).
Number of new affiliate partners

Keeping a record of the number of new affiliates who have
signed up for your affiliate program can assist you in
determining how popular the program is. In a similar vein, you
want to be on the lookout for any potential affiliates who are
already sending referral traffic and sales to your website, but
who are not officially associated with your company as an
affiliate.
It's possible that content authors and media that are sending

a significant amount of traffic to your website have previously
written about your products. So, maintaining a close eye on
referral traffic and unusual UTM parameters (tiny snippets of
code that may be added to links in order to trace the origins
of traffic) values might help you identify inexplicable
purchases. This may provide access to a wealth of
opportunities for affiliate partnerships and connections.
This metric may be used to get an idea of how popular your

program is among different types of content creators and
publishers. Maintaining the demand for your affiliate program
is crucial to you since, if you don't, your growth may
eventually come to a standstill.
This key performance indicator for affiliate marketing will be

impacted most significantly by two primary factors: how you
are advertising your affiliate program and your product.
If you are marketing your affiliate network effectively and

selling a product that improves people's lives, you should
anticipate an increase in this KPI.
Customer lifetime value (LTV)

Lifetime Value.
Return on ad spend (ROAS)

Return on advertising spend, also known as ROAS, is a metric
that is used in marketing to evaluate the amount of profit that
is produced for each dollar invested in advertising
campaigns. It determines how successful a digital advertising
campaign has been.
It is essentially a measure of the ROI of ad dollars spent on

digital advertising.

Why is ROAS important?
● Companies are able to assess the performance of

individual campaigns by using ROAS. By analyzing
each campaign on its own, businesses may determine
which types of advertising are the most successful for
their company. Then, in order to acquire the greatest
results possible, they might increase the size of those
advertisements. You can run several ads in order to
determine the ad campaign with the optimum ROAS.
And by scaling advertising campaigns and ad
packages that have a high return on investment, you
can achieve a higher level of financial success (ROI).
● After you have a better idea of how each of your

existing advertising methods is doing, you will be able
to optimize the expenses of your campaign. There is
no guarantee that adding a lot of money to the
advertising budget will result in more cash in the bank.
However, if you spend wisely on the advertising that
has been most effective for you, you may be able to
significantly boost both sales and profits. ROAS
calculations may provide you with information that
might help you decide if the prices of your advertising
packages and campaigns are reasonable. If it isn’t, you
should cut your spending in order to protect your
organization from incurring financial losses.
● A solid marketing plan should always begin with

factual research. ROAS is like a right hand to the digital
advertising industry. Utilizing it, you will be able to
evaluate the effect that a certain campaign had on
your business. You can use this metric as a guide to
help you make educated decisions regarding the next
round of marketing efforts you will be putting forward.
When you find out which efforts work better than the
others, you can then drive your marketing strategies in

that direction to maximize your future profit potential
while simultaneously optimizing your present revenue.
How do you calculate the return on ad spend?

To calculate ROAS, divide revenue from ads by the cost of
those ads.
ROAS = Revenue from ads / Cost of ads
Your ROAS would be 3 if, for instance, you invested $100,000

in your advertising campaign and generated $300,000 from
those adverts.
What is a good ROAS?

A good ROAS is one that not only increases profits, but also
increases the market share held by the company. According
to HubSpot, an ideal return on advertising investment may
range from $4 to $11 for every dollar that is put into it,
depending on the medium.

How to Increase ROAS?
In order to boost your return on advertising spend (ROAS),
you can consider reviewing your advertising strategies and
reducing your overall advertising budget. If you want the best
results, you may need to reassess your approach to negative
keywords or work on improving your landing pages.
ROAS is an essential indication that has to be monitored

closely, but it shouldn't be examined by itself alone. It is
essential to look at additional data and KPIs if you want to get
a comprehensive perspective of your return on investment.
Cost per click and cost per sale

Cost-per-click gives you a better understanding of the
amount of money you are spending as well as the amount of
money you are receiving in return. It provides you with
information on how much money you have spent on each
click on your advertisement.
It is determined by taking the entire amount of money you

have spent and dividing it by the total number of clicks.
You can use CPC to evaluate two different aspects of your ad

campaign:
● It offers some insight into the effectiveness of the

marketing efforts that you have been making. If your
cost per click (CPC) is lower, it indicates that the
placement and targeting of your advertisements are
capturing the interest of prospective clients and
resulting in clicks.
● The cost per click (CPC) allows you to see just how
much you are spending on marketing. You leave ad
campaigns that have a low CPC to run for a long time.
If, on the other hand, your CPC ends up being

unacceptably high, you should stop the advertising
campaign immediately.
While the cost per click measures how much it costs to get a
click on your advertisement, it doesn’t factor in scenarios
where those clicks don’t result in sales. That's what cost per
sale measures. Because the number of clicks rarely equals
the number of sales, the cost of the two can vary drastically.
Calculating the cost of each sale in affiliate marketing and

comparing that cost to the costs associated with other
marketing platforms is the best way to decide whether your
efforts in affiliate marketing are worth your time or not.
Click Traffic Rate

Your click-through rate is the amount of traffic that is driven to
your website as a direct consequence of your participation in
affiliate marketing over a certain period of time.
The click-through rate of your affiliate marketing program is a

key performance indicator (KPI) that is essential to your
success in the affiliate marketing business.
By monitoring this KPI, you can assess which websites are

successful in attracting a large number of visitors and which
are not. This is a great way to determine which aspects of
your program will provide the most financial returns.
Incremental revenue
The Incremental Revenue metric gives you a clear picture of
how much more money you bring in thanks to your affiliate
program.
When all other variables are equal, this method reveals the
true efficacy of advertising by contrasting the amount of
revenue generated by a company when it advertises its
products and services with the amount of revenue generated

when it does not advertise.
Why is it important?
Incremental Revenue will assist you in determining whether
your marketing efforts are profitable or not, which will provide
you with essential information on whether to discontinue your
affiliate program or not.
How to Measure Incremental Revenue?

To calculate the incremental revenue, you must first add your
entire revenue for a certain time period where you haven’t
launched your affiliate network. After you have launched the
affiliate campaign, you should compute your overall revenue,
after which you should deduct the money you generated
before launching the affiliate campaign.
Incremental Revenue = Revenue Before Marketing -

Revenue After Marketing
Cost per sale Or Cost per lead

The amount of money that is spent in order to produce a new
lead for the sales team of a company from an ongoing
marketing campaign is referred to as the cost per lead, or
CPL for short. This figure can be found by dividing the total
amount of money spent on the marketing campaign by the
number of leads produced.

Why is Cost Per Lead important?
The cost per lead may be used by sales and marketing teams
to define sales objectives, evaluate return on investment
(ROI), and plan advertising expenditures. The amount of
money needed to get on board a single new client is among
the most important factors to consider when developing a
lead generation strategy. Monitoring metrics like cost per
lead and conversion rate in real-time enables businesses to
make more informed decisions.
How to calculate Cost Per Lead?

The method for calculating the cost per lead is customer
acquisition expenditures per month divided by the number of
leads generated each month.

How To Reduce Your Cost Per Lead?
● One of the ways of reducing the cost per lead is to
reduce the amount that you are now offering as a bid.
You will cut down on the amount of time you need to
spend on your campaign if you maintain the same bid
over and over again. On the other hand, because of
the decision you've made, it's possible that your
revenue may decrease.
Experimentation is required in order to be successful

in growth marketing, since it is only through trial and
error that one can understand which methods and
techniques are the most effective. You may discover,
via a process of trial and error, that there is an ideal
offer for your campaign. If you identify this optimal bid,
you will be able to reduce the amount that you bid
while still achieving results that are to your satisfaction.
● You might also seek ways to create leads organically

that are more successful. Search Engine Optimization
(also known as SEO), for instance, is one of the least
expensive ways to generate leads. If you put in the

effort to develop a high-ranking corporate blog, it has
the potential to be a valuable source of revenue
without requiring a significant financial outlay on your
part.
In a similar vein, the cost of generating a lead via

social media is still a very small fraction of the cost of
generating a lead through display advertising. To put it
another way, if your company already has a big
presence on social media, it could be used to your
advantage.
● You should also be firm in your assessment of the facts

that you have gathered from your internal
investigation. It is likely that when you evaluate your
performance by device, you will discover that you are
spending a significant amount of money on mobile
bids that do not give results that are up to par with
what you had hoped for. This could lead you to reduce
those CPLs while turning more of your emphasis to
generating revenue through desktop bidding.
Affiliate Contribution margin

Customers that stay loyal to a brand throughout the course of
a company's existence are the ones most responsible for the
company's ongoing success. This is because committed
consumers tend to make repeat purchases, increasing a
brand's customer lifetime value (CLV). In the context of
affiliate marketing, where the objective is to maximize
revenue, the goal is to convert one-time sales affiliates into
recurring purchase affiliates. While this may be profitable for
B2C enterprises, it is more useful for B2B organizations. This
is because the average selling price of a product on the B2B
side is often greater than it is on the consumer side.
The Affiliate Contribution Margin is a statistic that evaluates

the extra revenue that is made from affiliate sales after the

cost of acquiring that affiliate has been subtracted. Because
of this cost, it is essential to turn one-time affiliate marketers
into recurring ones in order to maximize profit and cover the
cost of acquisition.
How to calculate the Affiliate Contribution margin?

To determine how much of an affiliate contribution margin
you have, take the average sales income from an affiliate and
subtract the average cost of recruiting an affiliate from that
number.
Active Affiliates Rate

With the aid of this key performance indicator, you will be
able to assess the overall health of your affiliate network.
Depending on the nature of your business, active affiliates
may refer to individuals who generate money, clicks, or leads
for you.
How to calculate Active Affiliates Rate?

Simply divide the total number of active affiliates by the
number of affiliates, then multiply by 100 to determine your

active affiliate rate. Say you have 240 affiliates and only 60
are active. Here is how you’ll find your active affiliate rate:
(60 / 240) x 100 = 25%
If the percentage is more than 10%, then you may consider

your search for the ideal affiliates and traffic for your program
to have been a success. It is essential that inactive affiliates in
your network be revived on a regular basis by means of
activation campaigns if you want to see a rise in the
proportion of active affiliates in your network.
Reversed sales rate

The percentage of customers who request a refund for
products that they purchased from your website and then
return those goods to you in order to get their money back
after you have paid your affiliates is referred to as the
"reversed sales rate".
Keeping an eye on this key performance indicator (KPI) might

provide you with important information on the quality of the
traffic that is being directed in your direction by your affiliate
partners.
Return on Investment (ROI)

Return on investment (ROI) is a performance statistic that may
be used to analyze the efficiency or profitability of
investments. A direct appraisal of the value of the asset in
contrast to the cost of the investment is what constitutes a
return on investment.
How to Calculate ROI?

To calculate your ROI, subtract the cost of your investment
from the current value of the investment, then divide your
answer by the cost of the investment.

In essence:
CVOI - COI / COI = ROI
CVOI = Current Value of Investment

COI = Cost of Investment
Affiliate engagement
Affiliate engagement is a statistic that evaluates the overall
number of clicks generated by affiliates, the number of
referrals produced by affiliates, and the total number of visits
that originate from affiliate links.
In order to be successful in the field of affiliate marketing, it is

not enough to just increase the number of affiliates you have
working for you. It is critical to the achievement of your goals
in the marketing of your goods and services that your
affiliates be enthusiastic and interested in promoting your
product.
In order to encourage participation from each of your

affiliates, it is essential to build a solid connection with each
of those affiliates. Keeping your affiliates informed and
engaged by keeping the lines of communication open with
them will encourage them to keep promoting the products
that you offer.
How to Measure Affiliate Engagement?

There are three ways of measuring affiliate engagement, and
these include:
● Consider the number of affiliate referrals.

This can be determined by the number of referral links
your affiliates put up on their websites. While you
shouldn’t be expecting them to fill the entire length
and breadth of their website with your links, you
should be expecting a few, or at least some efforts at

referring people to your website and products.
● Consider the number of visits from their affiliate
links.
The number of links from your affiliates’ uniquely
generated links should tell you how engaged they are.
Based on the average number of visits from all your
affiliates, you determine an average to use as a
benchmark for affiliate engagement. However, a few
affiliates with popular websites and many visitors may
skew your average.
● Consider the number of affiliate conversions.

This tells you the quality of visits from your affiliates’
websites. It not only shows how effective your landing
pages are, but it also shows how relevant your
offerings are to the content of your affiliates. If your
offers are not all that related to the content of an
affiliate, then you shouldn’t expect much conversion
from visitors from their links. This way of measuring
affiliate engagement can show you places where
improvements to your product or landing pages can
be made.
How to Improve Affiliate Engagement?
● You need to make sure that you interact with the

affiliates you work with if you want them to be more
engaged in the work they are doing for you. You might
accomplish this objective by participating in live chat,
sending customized emails, making phone calls,
utilizing social media, or any other means that are
relevant to you. One of the most important things you
can do for your company is to work toward making
your affiliates feel more like part of the team rather
than simply a source of more revenue for you.

● Affiliates are going to have a lot of questions,
complaints, and ideas on how the program may be
improved, and they are going to share all of these
things in their inquiries. People who aren't sure how to
be a successful affiliate often seek advice when they
are in this position. At all times, a response should be
sent to your affiliates. Pay attention to what they have
to say. If you are able to, assist them. If they are
successful, so will you be. The more successful they
are, the more successful you will be.
You are free to initiate the discussion without waiting

for them to make contact with you first. Inquire after
their well-being and see if there is anything you can do
to be of assistance to them. Let them know that you
are prepared to assist them whenever they may want
your assistance.
● You may want to think about doing something like

sending out a weekly email to your affiliates with a few
suggestions on how to boost sales. Provide affiliates
with education on how to sell a product in a way that is
more natural on their websites. Make a detailed
tutorial regarding the process of constructing affiliate
links to help them out.
● It could be worth the effort to provide a bonus to your

affiliates who bring in the greatest results, in order to
encourage those affiliates to continue their high level
of productivity and bring in even more business. You
may also increase the number of clients as well as
your income when you organize a competition for your
affiliates.
Conversion rate
This has been explained under Conversion rate.

While clicks and revenue are vital, you should also focus on
conversion rate optimization. While attracting visitors is
important, converting those visitors into paying customers is
even more important.
There are several things that can be done to increase

conversion rates, including upgrading the design of landing
pages, the checkout experience, price, and segmentation,
among other things. When a consumer sees something they
want to buy, all of these factors come into play.
Affiliate marketers and brands that understand the

importance of optimizing their traffic funnel in order to
maximize the amount of work that they perform are the most
effective.
Average order value (AOV)

Average Order Value is a metric that may be used to monitor
the average amount of money that a customer spends when
they place an order online.
Why is Average order value important?

There is a strong correlation between an increase in the
average order value and a rise in the profits made by online
retailers. When a business is able to sell more things with
each online purchase, it has the potential to increase its
overall profit. As a result of this, eCommerce websites that
are successful in increasing their AOV enjoy higher levels of
profitability.
How to Calculate the Average Order Value?

Simply dividing the entire amount of revenue for a certain
time period by the total number of orders that were placed
during that time period is all that is required to calculate the
average order value.

How to Improve Average Order Value
● Increase your prices.

A simple strategy for an online shop to increase the
average order value is to increase the prices of the
things they sell. According to the hypothesis, if you
raise the prices of your products, you should see a rise
in both your income and your average order value.
There is a possibility, however, that a rise in prices will
dissuade customers from making purchases, which will
result in a fall in sales. Because of this, it is very
necessary to conduct an exhaustive assessment of the
strategy's viability prior to putting it into action.
● Upselling and cross-selling.

When a vendor makes an effort to persuade
consumers to purchase more costly items, add
additional features or upgrades to their existing
purchases, or all of these things, this is known as an
upsell. This may be done in a few different ways. The
purpose of this practice is to increase the total amount
of money that may be generated from each individual

transaction.
Instead of asking customers to buy more costly items

or upgrade their current purchase, you can suggest
products that are complementary to, or related to,
what they have in their carts. If the product they
bought needs another product to work properly, you
can increase your average order value by cross-selling
it to them.
● Offering free delivery.

You might consider offering free delivery after a
certain purchase amount as an alternative to offering
discounts on your wares. You can, for instance, require
customers to spend more than $75 to qualify for free
delivery.
● Discount
You may provide customers with a discount when they
spend a specific amount of money in your online shop.
For instance, a client may get a 10% discount on their
purchase if they place an order that is at least $75 in
value.
Traffic quality
This metric measures how profitable the traffic you are
getting from your affiliates is. High-quality traffic means the
people they are sending like what’s on your website and are
ready to make purchases.
People who support a publisher and are interested in a

certain issue are more likely to interact with and convert on
the site. Furthermore, as they go down the funnel, customers
are more inclined to acquire a range of related products and
services.
Cohort analysis may assist you in better understanding how

your viewers feel about what you're presenting. You're on the
right track if you're witnessing greater email open rates and
high retention rates on your website.
Growth
Growth is an indicator that measures your progress over
certain periods of time, it's what other KPIs work together to
monitor and achieve.
Even if growth is the most important key performance

indicator (KPI) for affiliate marketing, it must be tracked in a
relevant and controlled setting. Thus, comparing data with
unrelated criteria is a waste of time and effort. Use the same
or a similar time frame for comparisons to see how far you've
come.
Comparing data from multiple levels is a bad idea, in other

words. For instance, a week in June may not have had the
same volume of sales as a holiday week, so don't make any
comparisons between those two periods. Tracking your
growth this way allows you to get a clear and detailed view of
your progress over the week, month, quarter, or year.
Trigger links
Trigger links are links that customers click on your website
that you’ve assigned an action. Some types of trigger links
are email trigger links that send customers personalized or
welcome emails after they have clicked these links.
This metric can be an important asset to you since it can give

you an outlook on the current lifecycle stages of your
customers based on the trigger links that you’ve set.
Organic traffic
An essential statistic for gauging SEO success is the number
of visitors that come from search engines directly.

The best way to determine the direct impact of your SEO
strategy is to focus on organic traffic rather than the total
volume of visitors to your site.
There's no doubt that if you're succeeding in SEO, you'll see
an increase in the number of visitors that come to your site
via search engine results over time.
Increasing the visibility of your website in search engine

results for keywords and phrases that are relevant to your
company and field is one of the primary objectives of any
SEO campaign. Since this is the case, it makes sense to
monitor the number of people who find your website from
search engines with expectations of growth.
Sales per affiliate

Sales per affiliate is a simple KPI that monitors and keeps
track of the number of sales each of your affiliates makes.
In order to see if your business is growing in the correct

direction, it's crucial to track KPIs like year-over-year growth
and gross sales.
However, in order to identify your best and somewhat

average affiliates for these two primary reasons, you also
need to track statistics like sales per affiliate.
● If you can identify your most successful affiliates, you'll

be able to provide incentives for them and keep them
interested in your program.
● It may assist you in identifying affiliates who have

potential but who might benefit from further
encouragement or training in order to perform to the
best of their abilities for your business.
Top 10 affiliate partners

You need to know who your top 10 partners are, since they
account for a large portion of the money generated by your
program.
It's important to know if any new affiliates joined your top 10

partners or if any of them left in a certain period of time, so
you can figure out how to make your program even more
successful in the future.
Effective earnings per click (eEPC)

Effective Earnings Per Click, often known as eEPC, is a metric
that determines how many sales are generated by your
affiliates for every one hundred clicks.
As a direct result of having this information, you are in a

position to explore the extreme cases, including both the
people who do the best and the people who do the worst.
You need to figure out what the most successful affiliates are
doing well so that you may imitate those qualities in your
other affiliates who aren't performing as well, so you can
increase your overall revenue.
It is a far easier process to convert affiliates who are already

producing sales as opposed to recruiting new affiliates who
may or may not have enough traffic to make any sales at all.
Therefore, this key performance indicator is quite important
to use.
Earnings per click (EPC)

Despite the fact that companies that operate affiliate
programs might benefit from this metric, affiliates are more
likely to utilize it to monitor their own progress.
An affiliate marketer may evaluate the Earnings Per Click

when selecting where to concentrate their efforts. This
indicates the earning potential of an affiliate program, as well
as how effectively their affiliate offers convert.

Your effective cost per click (EPC) may be calculated by first
totaling your revenue from an affiliate offer over time and
then dividing that sum by the total number of clicks. This will
provide you with an estimate of the amount of money that will
be generated by each click on one of your affiliate links.
Why Tracking Earnings Per Click Is Important?

By analyzing the outcomes of prior clicks, you will be able to
calculate the precise amount of money that you may expect
to make from each click that you acquire. If an affiliate wants
to be successful in their function as an affiliate, all they need
to do is reduce their cost per click to the point where it is
lower than their revenue per click.
How to Calculate Earnings Per Click?

To determine how much money you make per click, divide
your total income for a certain time period by the number of
clicks that you created during that time period.
Revenue for a certain period / Clicks from that period = EPC

This gives you a general indication of how much money you
may expect to gain off of each click that you produce in the
future.
How to increase EPC?
● Include affiliate program links in your blog posts.

It's a good decision to raise your EPC in this manner.
Your CPC here is almost nothing since you're relying
on organic visits from your content strategy, and you'll
get 100% of the commission from any purchases made
through your content or via the pop-up affiliate offer.
● Improve your email content and then make further

iterative improvements.
A/B testing is a crucial component of every successful
marketing strategy. However, a significant number of
marketers do not put in the effort required to
successfully carry out A/B testing. You need to do A/B
testing if you want to incorporate affiliate links in your
opt-in campaigns or emails. This is due to the fact that
it is quite rare that you will be successful with a landing
page or email campaign on the very first attempt.
● Monitor and analyze other metrics.

When it comes to business, information is everything.
This is especially true in marketing. Since information
is so critical, it's vital to keep a close eye on the
following metrics at all times:
Your revenues per click, your costs per click, and the
outcomes of any A/B testing you've done on affiliate
landing pages, email campaigns, or pay-per-click (PPC)
advertising are all important things to keep track of.

8. Agency-based business
Model metrics & KPIs
If you want to run an organization as efficiently as possible,
you need to be proficient at juggling many responsibilities at
once. This includes the ability to present bids on behalf of
clients, run campaigns on behalf of clients, report on
outcomes, and fulfill a variety of additional tasks.
Monitoring your own internal metrics and key performance

indicators is just as vital for the efficient operation of your
company as providing reports on the statistical information of
your customers.
When you keep track of the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

for your agency, you can ensure that your financial situation is
in order, maintain a current awareness of the level of
customer satisfaction, and hold your personnel accountable
for the sales and marketing efforts they make. All of these
things are possible because keeping track of the KPIs
enables you to hold your personnel accountable.
If you have a thorough grasp of your metrics and key

performance indicators, you will be able to establish
objectives and know precisely what you need to do in order
to attain them. This will allow you to be more productive.
Qualified Leads: MQLs and SQLs

MQL is an abbreviation for "marketing qualified lead", and it is
used to identify a potential customer who has shown an
interest in your company. MQLs are identified by the fact that
they have demonstrated interest.
A marketing qualified lead (MQL) evolves into a sales

qualified lead (SQL) when it reaches the stage where it is
ready to have a conversation with the sales team after having
been nurtured by the marketing team.
Individuals who have been examined by the sales team of

your company and considered to be a suitable match for
future sales follow-up are referred to as sales-qualified leads.
By using this phase, your sales and marketing teams will be
on the same page about the quality and quantity of leads that
are delivered to the sales team by the marketing team. This
will allow for more effective communication between the two
teams.
If you do not have a sufficient number of high-quality leads

that you can hand over to your sales personnel on a monthly
basis, expanding your business and maintaining your current
level of profitability will remain a challenge for you to deal
with.
How to calculate the MQL to SQL Conversion Rate?

The MQL to SQL conversion rate is calculated by dividing the
number of Sales Qualified Leads by the number of Marketing
Qualified Leads.
SQL / MQL = MQL to SQL Conversion Rate

This has been explained under Customer Acquisition Cost.
Customer Lifetime Value (CLV)

This has been explained under Customer Lifetime Value.
Proposals Sent
The number of proposals that are sent on a monthly or
quarterly basis is another key performance indicator that
should be monitored. You should never make reaching this

number your objective, since you should be more concerned
with the quality of the leads you generate instead. However,
being able to quickly access this KPI may give insight into the
level of success achieved by the collaboration between your
sales and marketing departments.
Win Rate
Another approach to keeping your sales force responsible is
to monitor their win rate. This will also indicate areas in which
you may want to make improvements to the strategy you are
using. Divide the total number of completed transactions by
the total number of proposals that were sent during the
relevant time period in order to get the win rate.
Agency Profit Margin

Agency Profit Margin is a metric that measures your agency’s
profit in comparison to the total revenue generated. This is
done by dividing the amount of money your business makes
from customers (after subtracting operating costs) by the
amount of money it makes from commissions, fees,
incentives, and other sources.
The net profit margin for a marketing firm typically falls

anywhere between 6-10%. However, digital marketing
organizations claim considerably higher margins, often over
15-20 %. There are instances in which corporate advertising
firms declare net profit margins that are as high as 40%.

How to calculate the Agency Profit margins
This may be determined by dividing the amount of money
that your company earns from its clients (after deducting the
expenses of running the business) by the amount of money
that it makes through commissions, fees, incentives, and
other sources.
While this calculation might seem simple, it isn’t uncommon

for costs to skyrocket while working for a client, so in order to
get a correct Agency Profit Margin calculator, you need a
management system that will do the math for you so you can
keep track of how profitable each client and project is. This
system should take into account all of your expenses,
overheads, and extra costs and give you real-time reports
that will help you decide whether to take on a new project at
a certain price or not, as well as which employees, based on
their remuneration, should be assigned to certain projects.
Some management systems you can take a look at, include

Monday.com, Screendragon, Wrike, Productive, Punchlist,
VOGSY, etc.

How To Increase Agency Profit Margins?
Some ways of increasing your Agency Profit Margins include:
● You should consider introducing value-based pricing,

recalculating utilization rates per worker, and
reconsidering how your resource planning is presently
being done.
● You should also include any time you are unable to

charge for (your non-billable hours) as "overhead".
Cash Flow from Operations

The term "cash flow from operations" refers to how a
company generates revenue through regular and continuous
commercial activities, such as manufacturing and selling
items or providing customer support. The agency-based
business model metric “cash flow from operations” is an
assessment of the revenues and expenses generated by key
business operations through which cash is generated by the
company's goods and services.
Why is Cash Flow from Operations important?
When evaluating a CFO, it is common practice to use the
company's net income as a benchmark. If CFO is
continuously greater than the net income, it is fair to conclude
that the company's profits are of excellent quality. The CFO
should always be more than the net income; otherwise, there
may be a significant issue that may ruin the firm if not
addressed. The most essential issue, in this case, is why the
company's declared net income is not being converted into
cash.
Profit generating for the company's shareholders should

always be the main objective of a company. As a result, it is
critical to determine whether the company has been effective
in earning cash via its operations or not. And by keeping a
watch on the CFO, a company can be able to detect when it

isn't making money.
How to calculate Cash Flow from Operations?
Even though the specific formula for each company will be
different, there is a general formula that can be used to
calculate cash flow from operations, and it is as follows:
CFO = Net Income + Non-Cash Costs + Changes in Working

Capital
Agency Utilization Rate

The utilization rate of an agency is an important metric. The
phrase "agency utilization rate" refers to the ratio of the
amount of time an employee spends on customer-related
services to the total number of contractually agreed upon
working hours. This helps you to determine how much time
they really spend on work for which you get compensated.
Without diligent inspection and monitoring, the amount of
work your team does may be either too much or too little,
which could hurt the overall performance and efficiency of
your business.

Why is Agency Utilization Rate Important?
Your agency's utilization rate is one of the most crucial KPIs
you can monitor for the business as a whole. This is because
it gives a clear picture of wasted time and money, as well as
whether your employees are at risk of burnout or not. For
example, if an employee's utilization rate is 65%, it indicates
that you may take on a larger number of customers. When an
employee's utilization rate hits 96%, quality challenges and
burnout concerns may arise. These difficulties must be
tackled as soon as possible.
How Do You Calculate Agency Utilization Rate?

Time monitoring is an absolute necessity if you want an
accurate measurement of the utilization rate in your
organization. The amount of time an employee spends on
revenue-generating activities (utilization rate) may be
calculated by comparing the total number of hours an
employee is contracted to work with the number of hours an
employee actually spends working directly with customers.
Utilization Rate = Total Hours an Employee Worked / Total

Hours Hired to Work
The formula for calculating the agency utilization rate is the

total utilization rate for all employees divided by the total
number of employees.
Agency Utilization Rate = Total Utilization Rate for All

Employee / Total Employee
What is the Ideal Agency Utilization Rate?

Each firm or organization will have its own set of standards
for finding the most profitable and effective utilization rate.
However, you should be aiming for an 80-90% utilization rate.
This implies that the bulk of your workers' time is spent on
activities that generate revenue, but they are still able to fulfill
their other company-related obligations.

How to Increase Utilization Rate?
● Keep track of the utilization rates for the whole
agency.
When the utilization rate is monitored throughout the
whole agency rather than just one department or
office, it works best because if you need more
expertise than your office or department can give, this
may help you borrow it from another office or
department.
● Establish utilization rate requirements and ensure

that resources are aware of them.
The utilization rate has consistently ranked among the
top five parameters monitored by agencies (gross
margin, projected sales, utilization rate, actual vs.
budgeted hours, and total value of pipeline
opportunities).
Companies hardly ever specify a baseline utilization

rate, despite the technology's widespread use. They
usually use industry standards, which can sometimes
be wrong, and don't take into account things that are
unique to your business. Communicate this
requirement to your employees. So, they'll have a
better idea of where they stand, which will motivate
them to reach the benchmark level.
● Make use of more accurate timesheet software.

You can't effectively map your employees' utilization
rates until you keep track of how they use their time.
Consider this a worthwhile cost of doing business,
even if it isn't pleasant or convenient.
Time tracking may be made easier by integrating it

into your regular routine. Employees are less likely to
keep track of their time if they have to launch another

program to do so. Higher compliance and more
accurate data are more probable if it is integrated into
the platform that workers are already using.
● Try using more precise reporting.

Monitoring individual usage rates will not help you
much on its own. You must link it to other key
indicators. This will help you put the utilization rate into
perspective with your organization's operations.
Client Retention Rate

This has been explained under Customer Retention Rate
Average Churn Rate

Average Churn Rate is the average rate at which your
customers are leaving and can be determined by subtracting
the number of users you had at the beginning of a period
from the number at the end, and then divide your result with
the number at the beginning of the period. Then multiply by
100.
To read more about this, go to Customer Churn

9. Content-based business
model Metrics
Unsubscribe Rates
Simply put, it is a metric that shows how many people have
unsubscribed from a mailing list. When a lot of people
unsubscribe from an email list, it has a negative influence on
email deliverability, which leads to negative consequences of
email service providers like Gmail and Yahoo.
Why is the Email unsubscribe rate important?

It is important for you to be aware of your unsubscribe rate.
This is because unsubscribes work as a type of self-cleansing
mechanism for your email list, which means that disengaged
users just stop interacting with you. However, the more
individuals who opt-out of receiving your emails, the more
your sender's reputation suffers.

How to calculate the Email unsubscribe rate?
Two indicators are needed to calculate the unsubscribe rate:
the number of sent emails and the number of unsubscribes.
Unsubscribe rate = (number of unsubscribers / number of

delivered emails) x 100
What is a Good Unsubscribe Rate?

If your unsubscribe rate is below 0.5%, you may consider it to
be average; anything below 0.2% is considered to be
exceptional. But it is not that simple sometimes, because
consumers need some time to consider whether they want to
continue having connections with your firm or not.
Unsubscribe rates in emails that are high may indicate a

number of issues, such as an inability to offer content on
mobile devices (such as smartphones and tablets) or an
inability to target the appropriate audience. Any fluctuation or
continual increase in the rate should be seen as an indication
that something is wrong with your email list.

How To Reduce Your Email Unsubscribe Rate?
There are many ways to reduce your email unsubscribe rate,
but these are the most efficient.
● Currently, mobile devices have been used to read

more than half of all emails in the world, ensuring that
emails are shown appropriately across all devices.
● Companies are required to get users' opt-in consent

under the CAN-SPAM Act. The utilization of double
opt-in ensures that you will be working with an
engaged audience and that your mailing list will
contain active email addresses for people who have
shown an interest in receiving your emails.
● Segmentation allows you to get your messages across

to the appropriate audience at the appropriate time
and is essential to running a successful marketing
campaign. Segmenting your email list means simply
breaking it into several groups together by a
characteristic such as age, gender, nationality, etc.,
with the goal of producing material that is more
relevant to their interests.
● Personalization of emails is also another great way to

reduce your unsubscribe rate and increase your
transaction rate by 10%. Write your emails as if you are
addressing just one person so that they have a more
one-on-one feel to them.
● Try giving your subscribers exclusive deals or come up

with entertaining material that's unique to them. Make
them feel like they are very important to you and that
you value them.
● Ask your subscribers for feedback. This will indirectly

tell them that you care about the content you provide
to them. Send out an email campaign that includes a
questionnaire or invite respondents to provide
feedback using Google Forms. The same should be
done for those who cancel their subscriptions. Don't
simply sit back and watch them go after clicking a
button. Inquire about the reason they are
unsubscribing. Also, ask them whether there is
anything that may keep them there.
● Send a reactivation email to the user with an

attention-grabbing subject line such as "We miss you!"
or "We need to discuss..." if the user has not been
active for the last three months. In the email, you
should remind users of the value you provide and
inquire whether the user would want contact to
continue or not.
Repeat Purchase Rate

This is a sales statistic that will help you determine the
number of sales generated as a consequence of repeat
transactions. In other words, it will tell you how many times
the same consumer has purchased your goods or services.
It is a common practice in eCommerce to express this KPI as

a percentage. It not only gives you valuable information about
your customers' habits, but also notifies you about the
popularity of your products. The sales manager is often the
one who performs the inquiry into the Repeat Purchase Rate
and submits the data to the management team.

How to Calculate the Repeat Purchase Rate
To figure out the repeat purchase rate, you divide the number
of purchases made by people who have bought from the site
before by the total number of purchases made on the
website during a certain time period.
(Customers who have purchased before / Total number of

Customers) x 100

Why Repeat Purchase Rate is important
Repeat purchase rate is a more relevant indicator for
eCommerce enterprises than customer churn rate or
customer retention rate. Both of these indicators are
significant, but the repeat purchase rate is more so. It is also
superior to monitoring changes in purchase frequency since
it can be detected in less time, making it excellent for tracking
retention.
According to some estimates, only 8% of your clients are

responsible for up to 41% of your total revenue. Existing
clients are worth seven times more than new prospects. This
means shops must recruit a total of seven new consumers in
order to earn the same amount as one returning customer.
How to Increase the Repeat Purchase Rate
● Create an email marketing approach that steadily

enhances a consumer's degree of participation and
delight after they have made their initial purchase.

● Customers may be motivated to make more purchases
if they are given incentives such as vouchers.
● Determine which ad methods are effective at

attracting customers who go on to make a high
proportion of repeat purchases, and devote additional
resources to those campaigns.
● If you can figure out which of your products results in

repeat orders from consumers, you may market those
items to your current customers.
● Divide the individuals that make up your customer

base into numerous categories based on their
purchasing habits and individual preferences.
● Make the most of the opportunity to promote your

post-transaction emails, especially those that have
gotten high ratings.
Returning Visitors
The returning visitor metric helps you monitor your previous

site visitors and see the behavior of those users when they

revisit your website. The purpose of this statistic is to show
how successful digital marketers are in expanding their
audience and maintaining their engagement with that
audience. This will serve as proof that the content marketing
efforts that they put forward were successful.
How to calculate Returning Visitor Metric

To calculate returning visitors, divide the total number of
unique visitors to your website over a certain time period by
the number of repeat visitors.
Number of unique visitors / Number of repeat visitors = RV
How To Increase Your Rate Of Returning Visitors?
● Monitoring the components of the content on your

website may provide you with adequate ideas for the
creation of content for at least five months. The newly
generated content has to be released consistently at
frequent intervals, which is the most critical need.
Please take into consideration that the purpose of this
material is exclusively to strengthen the connection
you have with your audience, and not to advertise your
company.
● Send a broadcast email to all of your subscribers,

informing them that you have just posted something of
interest on your website, and asking them to spread
the word. Spending a lot of money on traditional
marketing efforts may not be as beneficial as using this
strategy in order to generate leads.
● Remarketing is one more effective method that is

rarely used, despite its potential to significantly boost
the percentage of repeat visits to a website. Running
advertisements on other social media sites or blogs is

one of the most efficient ways to increase RVR, along
with a few other methods.
● Developing a subscriber base for your email

newsletter is yet another excellent strategy for
retaining your visitors. You need to ensure that visitors
to your website can simply reach the form that they
will use to subscribe to your website. If your website
visitors find the content to be helpful and informative,
you may expect a high percentage of them to sign up
for your mailing list.

This has been explained under Average Order Value
Organic Traffic
This metric measures the amount of website traffic that
arrives at your content as a result of a search engine query.
This excludes paid opportunities. Plus, this number may also
include traffic from social media platforms and/or traffic from
other external sources.
Reach
The total number of different people who have seen a post is
referred to as its reach. It may also count the number of
individuals who have viewed a certain profile or page, a
campaign, a specific kind of post (such as a video or photo),
or anything else.
Return on Ad Spend (ROAS)

This has been explained under Return on Ad Spend.
Return on investment (ROI)

Return on investment in content marketing is a metric used to
assess the results of various content marketing strategies and
campaigns.

Why Calculating Content Marketing ROI is Important?
● Brings in more potential customers.
Content marketing is another way of increasing
potential customers' interest. If your audience reads
your content and notices that you have knowledge
about the product or service that you are trying to sell
to them, you will earn their trust and increase the
likelihood that they will make a purchase from you in
the future.
You can also generate leads if your content addresses

the problems or needs they currently have.
● Improves retention.
Infographics, articles, and e-books, to name a few
examples, are helpful in perpetuating a positive
perception of the brand and have the potential to yield
a positive experience for prospective customers. Other
types of content, such as case studies and customer
testimonials, also contribute to this effect. They will
remember your brand and contact you if there is even
the tiniest sign of interest.
● Boosts your SEO efforts.

If you produce content that is tailored to the
requirements of the target audience, search engines
will recognize the value of your brand, which will in
turn raise your performance and increase the
exposure of your website. Search engines can see the
worth of your content through the use of algorithms or
cookies that assess the length of time spent viewing
the content or the number of times it has been viewed.
In order to accomplish this, it is essential to make

appropriate use of keywords, provide users with
flexibility and security when viewing your page, and

present your audience with credible content.
● It helps to build trust with your audience.

In order to build trust with an audience, you must give
something of value to them without expecting
anything in return. This leads the audience to take
your advice and suggestions more seriously. As a
result, they will walk away satisfied and with a positive
impression of both the answers and your business.
● It increases your online authority.

It takes time and effort to become an internet authority,
but it can be done. In order to rise in search engine
results, you need to be seen as a trustworthy source of
information by your customers.
With a little help from you, your audience can have

better experiences, and you can show them that
you're an authority on your subject by replying to their
questions with meaningful information.
How to calculate the Content Marketing ROI?

To calculate content marketing ROI, divide your net profit by
the cost of your investment, then multiply by 100.
If it costs you $200 to attract a customer through your

content marketing efforts, and they spend $500 on your
website, then your ROI calculations would be:
ROI = (500 - 200) / 200 x 100 = 150%
Cost of acquisition (CAC) on Content Marketing

Because customer acquisition costs in content marketing can
vary depending on what you consider to be conversion, you
need to have an estimate of costs before going into content
marketing.
While it might seem a good idea to have an in-house content

marketing team, the costs of supporting such a team might
eventually not be worth the efforts since you can’t assess
your content marketing ROI before heading in. For this
reason, it is more advisable to hire a content marketing
agency for the purpose of gaining customers through your
website/blog content. An agency can cost you from $1 to
$10,000 monthly depending on the results you are expecting
while having an in-house team, which involves keeping many
employees on your payroll, can gulp upwards of $200,000.
However, your decision on which team to use depends solely

on your company size and the results you expect from your
content marketing efforts.
Why Is CAC Important in Content Marketing?

When you have a good idea of your content marketing CAC,
you can better determine your content marketing strategies.
It also lets you know if your efforts are profitable, and if they
currently aren't, it will help you know if there are adjustments
to be made to your costs or product prices.

If, after evaluating your costs, they are manageable or the
results are impressive, you can then decide if they are worth
more investment.
How to calculate CAC?
1. The CAC of content marketing includes email software

costs, opt-in software costs, or any other software or
platform used for your content marketing. All these
can be listed under technology costs;
2. Content writer costs, article image costs, etc., can all

be listed under per article costs;
3. Personnel costs, any outsourcing costs, or off-page

link building costs can be included under salary costs.
To calculate your CAC for content marketing, add up all your

costs. Multiply your traffic by your conversion rate, then, with
this as your denominator, divide your costs.

What is a Good CAC?
While there isn’t an ideal CAC, there is an ideal payback
period, and this is 6 to18 months. This means that whatever
your costs, your pricing should be customized to it in such a
way that the cost of acquisition will be recouped in 6 to18
months.
Bounce rate
The term "bounce rate" refers to the percentage of visitors
who leave a website without taking any action, such as
clicking on a link, filling out a form, or purchasing something.
Similarly, in SEO, bounce rate means the percentage of
visitors who leave your website after a short time without
reading your content.
Why is measuring Bounce Rate important?

People that leave your website without taking any action are
considered to be uninterested in your offerings. Figuring out
your site's bounce rate and putting strategies in place to
lower it are the first steps toward raising your conversion rate.

Google may use the "Bounce Rate" as a ranking factor at its
discretion. There is some evidence to suggest that a high
bounce rate is directly linked to a high ranking on the first
page of results on Google.
If your site has a high bounce rate, it means there are

problems with the content, user experience, design, or
copywriting on your entire site or on specific pages.
How to calculate Bounce Rate?
To calculate your bounce rate, divide the number of people

that leave your page without taking any action by the total
number of people that visit your site, then multiply by 100.
In essence:
(No. of people that leave a page without taking any action /

total No. of people that visit that page) x 100

What is a good bounce rate?
The typical bounce rate can range anywhere from 26-70%,
but the ideal figure is somewhere in the range of 26-40%. If
your data suggests that you've landed anyplace below 20%,
you should probably recheck your data to ensure that it's
accurate.
There is a correlation between the type of device a user is

using to access content and the average bounce rate.
However, this correlation is not always there. Mobile devices,
for instance, have the highest bounce rate of all products
throughout the sector, which is 51%. The average percentage
of users who leave a website after only viewing it on a
desktop computer is 43%, whereas the average percentage
of tablet users who do so is 45%. Therefore, while
determining the bounce rate of your website, it is important to
take into account the visitor sources.
How to Reduce High Bounce Rates?
● Examine the pages that have the highest bounce

rates.
If you examine your web pages with the highest
bounce rates in your website's analytics system, you
will be able to tell which of those pages is where
people leave your site constantly. This will also tell you
which pages cause the highest bounce rate and how
your users get to those pages. This will help you make
modifications that will result in a reduced bounce rate
for your website.
● Check the length of time spent on site.

By comparing your bounce rate to other indicators,
you may get a clearer picture of how your site is
performing. For example, time on site should be
compared across pages. This could help you figure out
if your high bounce rate issue only affects a single
page of the website or the whole thing. For instance, if
your blog's bounce rate is high and the length of time
users stay on your site is short, it's possible that your
articles aren’t accomplishing their job.
● A/B testing should be used.

By using A/B testing, you may be able to determine
which of the approaches you've used to increase the
performance of your website is more successful. For
instance, Pages A and B may each have their very own
personalized product sales page, complete with their
very own distinctive format and call-to-action buttons
(CTAs).
In the course of an A/B test, one page is presented to

50% of your site's visitors, while the other page is
shown to the other 50% of your site's visitors. It is vital,
in order to optimize the other pages on your website,
to establish which page on your website keeps visitors
on the site for the greatest amount of time.
● Optimize your site for mobile devices.

You need to optimize your website for mobile use if
you want to benefit from the ever-increasing
percentage of website traffic that comes from mobile
devices, as well as from Google's emphasis on the
matter. If a person is forced to wait an awful lot of time
for a page to load on their mobile device, they are
more likely to go somewhere else for the information
they need.
● Your pages should be simple to read.

In order to make the website more readable and
attractive, you need to utilize more white space, a
larger text size, headings to break up big blocks of
content, and shorter paragraphs that are easier to

read.
Content Engagement Rate

Customer engagement rate is a metric that can be used to
measure the level of participation, engagement, or interaction
generated by a brand campaign or published content. This
means engagement rate is a measurement of the amount of
interaction that your content generates with the people that
follow you.
Why is Engagement Rate important?

If your audience isn't interested in the material that you
provide on social media platforms, then it won't matter very
much how many followers you have. However, follower
growth is pretty essential when it comes to social media
analytics. If you want to verify that the content you are
sharing is having an effect on the audience that is seeing it,
you need to have people comment on it, share it, give it a
like, and engage in a variety of other behaviors.
How to calculate Engagement Rate?

To calculate your engagement rate, divide the total number of
engagements by the total number of followers you have, then
multiply by 100.
Total engagement can be determined by the number of likes,

shares, reactions, retweets, clicks, replies, or saves your
posts receive.

In essence, if your post receives 10,000 engagements in the
form of likes, retweets, and comments, and you have
500,000 followers, then your engagement rate would be 2%.
(10,000 / 500,000) x 100 = 2%
What Is a Good Engagement Rate?

The vast majority of industry experts in social media
marketing are of the opinion that the ideal engagement rate
falls somewhere in the range of 1-5% of followers. However,
when you have a larger number of individuals following you, it
becomes increasingly difficult to maintain such a rate.
Conversion rates
This has been explained under the Customer Conversion
Rate.
Click-through rates
The click-through rate is the percentage of individuals who
opened and then clicked on at least one of the links that were
included in the email you sent to them. This can be used to
measure the success of your email campaign.

Why is the Email Click-through rate important?
It is critical to assess the effectiveness of your email
marketing efforts in order to identify areas for future
improvement. When determining the effectiveness of their
email marketing initiatives, many business owners are unsure
whether they should prioritize the click-through rate or the
open rate (OR).
Open rate and click-through rate are two metrics used by

email marketers to determine not only how effective their
emails are, but also how many recipients take action as a
direct result of receiving those emails.
It's encouraging to see an increase in email openings. But

what's the point of sending these emails if they're not driving
revenue, generating leads, or building brand exposure? That
is where CTR comes in. By evaluating your CTR, you can see
how well your email is performing in your subscribers'
inboxes.
How to calculate the Email Click-through rate?

To calculate email CTR, divide the number of people who
clicked a link in your email by the number of emails that were
sent out and delivered, then multiply by 100.
If, for example, you sent 100,000 and 10,000 clicks on a link,
then your email CTR is 10%.
Email CTR = (10,000 / 100,000) x 100 = 10%.
Difference between CTR and CTOR

CTR CTOR
CTR can be used to measure CTOR measures people (i.e.,

click rates on anything (but is people who clicked);
mostly used for ads);
CTR measures actions (i.e., CTOR is only used to measure

clicks); email click rates;
CTR measures against CTOR measures against open

impressions (which haven't (which means the audience
even been seen); has already expressed
interest);
CTR measures clicks on a CTOR measures people who

single link; click on any one of multiple
links within an email;
CTR is a top-of-funnel metric. CTOR is a middle-of-funnel

metric.
What is a good click-through rate?

A click-through rate for an email that is greater than 3% is
considered successful. A 1-5% click-through rate is
considered to be the average for email CTR.

How To Improve Your Email Click-through rate?
● Reduce the number of call-to-action buttons that you

utilize;
● Make use of visuals that are interesting;
● Ensure your texts are easy to read;
● Optimize for smartphones and tablets;
● Customize your emails;
● Maintain a steady focus on content testing and

refinement for your emails.
Pages View Per Session

The Page Views per Session metric provides you with
valuable insight into the effectiveness of the content on your
website in terms of retaining visitors and keeping them
engaged while they are there.
How to calculate Page Views per Session?

You can keep track of Page Views per Session in your
analytics platform. Most analytics platforms show Page Views
per Session since it's an important metric to track.
What is a good number of pages per session?

The average number of pages viewed in a single session is
2.6. However, this figure can change significantly based on
the nature of the company, its industry, as well as other
variables. On the other hand, anything that is better than that
mark is deemed to be good.

How to Improve Your Page View Per Session?
● Enhance and improve the user experience.

Because the more time a customer spends on your
website, the more information they acquire about your
organization, it is critical that you encourage them to
visit specific pages that drive conversion. To do this,
you should focus on compelling content, prominent
calls to action, and a design that is straightforward and
easy to understand.
● Make use of calls to action and internal linking.

You may be able to boost the average number of
pages viewed in a session by making use of calls to
action (CTAs) and internal links. It's important to
prevent your site's users from being stuck on a page
that leads nowhere if you don't want them to abandon
your site and go elsewhere.
Average time on page

The amount of time that, on average, visitors spend during
their visit viewing a particular page, or a group of pages, is
referred to as the "average time on page". It just accounts for
the amount of time that users spend on pages that do not
lead to an exit.

How to calculate Average Time on Page
While most analytics tools calculate this automatically, for a

more precise and manual average, divide the total time on
page by total page views minus total exits/bounces.
Average Time on Page = Total Time on Page / (Total Page

Views - Total Exits)
What Is a Good Average Time on Page?
Regardless of the sector, research found that the average
time people spend on a webpage is fifty-two seconds. You
may use this metric as a baseline to determine how well your
website is performing. However, you might just concentrate
on increasing the statistics of your site over time.
How To Improve Your Average Time on Page?

● Always make use of internal linking in your content.
You can improve the length of time visitors spend on
your website by increasing the number of internal links
throughout the site. This, in turn, may raise your site's
rankings in search engines. They may, in the end,
make it simpler for visitors to find other postings on
the site that are of interest to them.
● Make your content readable.

Improving the readability of your website is yet
another strategy you can employ to raise the stats of
your website. If the text on your website is difficult to
read, then people are less likely to remain on your
website for an extended period of time, especially
visitors using smartphones.
You may make your text easier to read in a variety of

different ways. To get started, select a typeface that is
simple to read for everyone, even those who have
issues with their vision, and then make it as large as
you reasonably can.
● Include videos
The incorporation of videos into your website may
persuade visitors to spend more time there, which is
beneficial to your business. This is because watching a
video clip may often be more interesting or be

completed in a shorter amount of time than reading a
lengthy article. Therefore, providing visitors the option
of choosing between the two will increase the
possibility that they will choose the way they prefer to
interact with your page and spend more time on it.
● Make your website mobile-friendly.

You should ensure that your website is easily
navigable and looks good on a variety of devices, such
as desktop computers, tablets, and mobile phones.
● Publish high-quality content.

If site visitors do not find the content that you are
putting out to be interesting or helpful, it is likely that
they will leave. When it comes to marketing, it is
important to have a solid understanding of your target
demographic. Your clients can have inquiries about the
products and services that you provide. How you
answer their inquiries matters.
When writing blog posts, specifically, you should make

helping rather than selling your primary focus.
Average Time to New Content

Average Time to New Content is a metric that measures the
amount of time that elapses between the publication of the
most recent piece of content and the publication of a new
one.
Tracking the Average Time to New Content is an important

strategy for measuring how effectively your marketing team is
producing new content of high quality for your company. This
can be done by looking at how long it takes on average for
new material to be produced.

Keyword Click-Through Rate
The Keyword Click-Through Rate indicator is used to
calculate the ratio of the number of times your site or its
offerings appear in the search results to the number of times
it is clicked on by users.
Average Lead Score

The process of evaluating potential customers and clients for
a company based on preset standards and goals in order to
improve the accuracy of the leads generated for marketing
and sales is referred to as "lead scoring".
These parameters and objectives may include aspects like

demographics, user activity, and customer profile. Often, they
are formed by conducting an assessment of the
characteristics of an organization's current customers in order
to arrive at their conclusions.
Based on these preset requirements, an average lead score

can then be calculated.

Why is Average Lead Score important?
The failure to provide an accurate description of the potential
of a lead will invariably result in your wasting time and money
investigating an opportunity that is rarely rewarding.
To be more precise, if you want to be wise about where your

money goes, one of the most important practices you can
engage in is the calculation of distinct lead scores. In other
words, you can be certain that the leads you generate will
lead somewhere by evaluating the average lead score.
For instance, you might make use of your defined criteria to

gauge the value that certain clients provide to your business.
You may be able to attract clients who are more inclined to
purchase from you as a result of this. This means that instead
of just trying to increase sales, you should concentrate on
establishing funnels and paths that provide the best average
lead scores.
How to calculate Average Lead Score?

To calculate Average Lead Score, divide the total number of

leads converted to customers by the number of leads
generated. This can be calculated monthly, quarterly, or
yearly.
Online Conversions Metric

The success of your ability to convert your internet audience
into paying clients is measured by the conversion metrics
online. When a user clicks on your ad and subsequently
performs an action that you judge to be useful, it is
considered a conversion.
Depending on the kind of company you run, the conversion

indicator will seem different to you. An eCommerce company,
for example, may be interested in tracking the number of
online transactions, while a SaaS company may be interested
in assessing the number of demo sign-ups.

How to calculate Online Conversions Metric
To calculate online conversions, divide the number of
conversions by the total number of clicks, then multiply by
100.
(Number of conversions / Number of clicks) x 100 =

Conversion Rate
For example, imagine that out of 300 impressions, you only

had 50 people to convert:
The Conversion Rate = (50 /300) x 100 = 16.6%
Sessions by Device Type

Sessions by Device Type metric provides information on the
total user base, as well as the % of users that are accessing
your website from each piece of hardware (device) within the
time frame that you specify. This information can be useful for
determining how many people are using different types of
devices to view your website.
According to research conducted by Pew in 2015, mobile

search has exceeded desktop search when it comes to
looking for employment opportunities (44%), real estate (44%),
online banking (57%), and health information (62%). It is
crucial to have knowledge about the locations from which
your users are visiting your website while you are
constructing it in order to provide the greatest possible user
experience for customers.
If you are aware of this information, it will be much easier for

you to distribute your marketing budgets among the various
devices, such as desktop computers, laptops, tablets, and
smartphones.
Website Traffic Lead Ratio

Website Traffic Lead Ratio shows what percentage of people
who visit your site end up giving you their contact information
and becoming real leads over a certain amount of time.

Why is Website Traffic Lead Ratio important?
It is the goal of the metric to assist the marketing team in
avoiding being misled by the surge in popularity of the
website, which may result in changes in earnings that are
subject to abnormal fluctuations. By utilizing this metric, the
marketing team will be equipped with the knowledge
required to properly track the number of site visits that result
in leads.
How to calculate Website Traffic Lead Ratio?

For this, divide the total number of leads by the number of
visitors in the same amount of time. For example, if your
website has 10,000 monthly visits but only generates 6,000
new leads, your website traffic to lead generation ratio is 60:1,
or a 60% conversion rate.
Keyword Opportunity
By comparing current positions to Google's expected search
traffic volume and competitiveness rating, the Keyword
Opportunity (KPI) assesses the potential for improvement in
search engine results. This determines whether there is

space for growth or not. Using Google's Keyword Planner,
you may identify possibilities, assess the amount of work
necessary to rank for certain keywords, and get insight into
how well your keywords are presently doing.
This KPI may also be used to calculate your traffic share.

However, since Google's predictions of your visit volume may
vary from your actual traffic level, you'll need to rely on other
data sources, such as Google Search Console and
impression data from Google Ads' campaigns.
10. Ecommerce Business Model

Metrics & KPIs
Sales Per Labor Hour
This is a KPI that assesses the productivity of a company's
employees by calculating sales per hour. It is the number of
sales made or accounted for by each salesperson in one
hour, stated in terms of their monetary value. Companies may
determine if an individual salesperson or sales team is

performing at an acceptable level by comparing the data to
the industry average. Furthermore, it may assist the
company's upper management in creating sales targets and
budgets.
Sales per hour vs. items per hour in retail

Items per hour is another KPI that you may monitor in the
same manner as the one mentioned above. It represents the
total number of items sold by a sales professional or team in
a one-hour period. While sales per hour indicate how
productive the team is, the number of items sold in an hour is
a considerably better predictor of the retail business's
profitability.
How to Calculate the Sales Revenue per Hour

To calculate sales revenue per hour, divide the total revenue
from sales by the number of hours that were put in (worked).
Sales revenue per hour = amount of sales in revenue /

number of hours worked

For a business with just one employee, calculating sales per
hour is as easy as dividing the entire money earned by that
employee by the total number of hours worked. If the
business employs more than one salesperson or if
management intends to assess the performance of an entire
sales department, after the above calculation, the result is
then divided by the total number of workers.
Why Is Sales Per Man Hour Important?

The competency of your workforce has an influence on the
profitability of your firm. As a consequence, utilizing this
indication of worker efficiency may show the firm's degree of
profitability. It may also influence managerial approaches. If
the sales per hour data are low, store or department
managers may be able to discover how to improve the team's
performance.
Customer acquisition cost (CAC)

This has been explained under Customer Acquisition Costs.
Cost Per Acquisition (CPA)

Cost-per-acquisition (CPA) is a marketing metric that
calculates how much money was spent to attract a consumer
to do something. CPA, or cost-per-acquisition, is a number
that shows how much it costs to move a single client through
your sales funnel, from the moment of first contact to the
point of conversion. Depending on your marketing objectives,
this action may be referred to as a click, a buy, a lead, or any
of a variety of other terms.
Why Does Cost Per Acquisition Matter?

Cost per acquisition is an essential marketing indicator since
it helps companies assess their ROI. Regardless of how much
money your firm makes, monitoring the results of your
advertising from a Google Ad or a social media ad, will show

if your income is generated effectively. If you calculate your
CPA and find that it is higher than expected, it is a hint that
your strategy needs to be revised.
Using relatively basic data, you can quickly compute an

acceptable cost per acquisition by calculating the average
order value (AOV) for each client and the customer lifetime
value (CLV).
A company's owner may quickly establish an acceptable cost

per acquisition by utilizing basic data. This is performed by
calculating the average order value (AOV) and customer
lifetime value.
How to Calculate Cost Per Acquisition?

To calculate the average cost of acquiring a new customer via
a certain channel or campaign, just multiply the total cost of
gaining consumers by the total number of new customers
obtained through that channel or campaign.
Campaign Cost / Total number of customers acquired =

Cost per Acquisition
It is important to note that, although calculating your CPA may

be more complicated if your company does not sell goods, it
may still be done with relative ease. Conversions may be
recorded in a number of ways, such as trial signups, page
views, contact form submissions, and so on.

What is a ‘Good’ Cost Per Acquisition?
There is no set formula for calculating your intended cost per
acquisition. Each online company will have its own set of
goods and services, pricing, margins, and operating
expenses, among other things. Furthermore, each product or
service will provide different results based on the marketing
campaigns you choose.
Understanding pay per click (PPC), social media, display

marketing, affiliate marketing, and influencer marketing may
be the most effective way to calculate an acceptable cost per
acquisition (CPA). A deeper understanding of these numerous
advertising tactics will assist you in determining how much
you can afford to spend on attracting new customers.
To find the optimum CPA, small tests, like everything else in

marketing, should be used.
Churn rate
This has been explained under Churn Rate.

Revenue per visitor (RPV)
Revenue per visitor (RPV) is a metric that estimates how much
money each website visitor makes. This metric is significant
for eCommerce websites since it shows how much value
each website visitor contributes to the company. It is used in
eCommerce to calculate the revenue generated by visits.
Revenue per visitor (RPV), as opposed to conversion rate,

measures the genuine worth of each individual online
consumer.
It is an important performance metric for eCommerce

organizations since it helps them to examine the health of
their marketing and its impact on their long-term business.
You could rapidly raise conversion rates by offering a high
discount on everything to every visitor, but your income per
visitor and profitability would decrease as a consequence.
Why is RPV important?

The Revenue Per Visitor metric solely considers unique
visitors, but the conversion ratio may not always include the
entire number of visitors, sessions, or leads. When used
independently, conversion ratio and average order value
(AOV) might provide erroneous findings that aren't as
decisive as we would expect. When they are combined,
however, they reveal how much money each individual visitor
generates.
The best part about this statistic is that it considers the dual
dimension of rising revenue. After attracting visits to your
website, you may increase your return by either converting
more users into paying customers or encouraging higher
consumer spending for each conversion (increasing Average
Order Value).
These two distinct metrics have now been combined to

provide an assessment that identifies precisely where your
website or eCommerce company is losing money. An RPV
decrease can be explained by either a change in customer
behavior or an increase in the number of visits that are made
without any intention of making a purchase (both of which
essentially signify a fall in conversion rate).
How to calculate RPV?

To calculate RPV, multiply the conversion rate by the average
order value. In essence, if your conversion rate is 20% and
your AOV is $45, your RPV will be:
RPV = 25% x $45 = $11.25
How to increase RPV?

● Make the process of buying from you easy.
There should be no substantial deviations from the
standard method of making purchases or additional
actions that must be made before placing an order.
Remove unrequired fields from your forms to boost the
probability that consumers will finish their purchases.

Always remember to keep things as simple and basic
as possible: Psychologists have discovered a
psychological principle that drives us to finish the tasks
we start, regardless of whether we get anything in
return or not.
● Provide Intent-Based Promotions

Intent-based promotions probe your customers' minds
to discover what they want and what kind of promotion
will push them to act. In contrast to generic
promotions, such as offering a 20% discount to all new
customers, intent-based promotions evaluate
consumer behavior to identify the smallest amount of
push necessary to improve sales.
Using behavioral data like purchase patterns, content

read, and buying habits, eCommerce companies may
provide targeted promotions that promote retention,
boosting your Revenue Per Visitor (RPV).
● A/B testing may help you improve your promotional

content and CTAs
Determine what works best for your intended
audience.
You may experiment with various text and header
sizes, colors, and views using A/B testing, but adhere
to the ones that work best.
● Make use of scarcity marketing strategies.

People are more inclined to act decisively if they are
aware that the offer is limited. Add countdowns to
show prospects how much time they have before the
offer expires. Consider displaying low-stock alerts next
to your inventory's goods so that customers know
when there are just a few left — this may help them
select faster.

● Reduce the number of abandoned carts.
Many customers abandon your website after adding
many items to their shopping carts. Some of this is due
to a lack of information regarding shipping charges,
which may result in a price shock when they are
shown during the checkout process. To combat this,
shipping costs may be clearly stated throughout the
purchase process, or they may be reduced as much as
possible depending on the transaction value.
One-on-one outreach and guest checkouts are

excellent methods for preventing shoppers from
abandoning their shopping carts before they've even
begun. However, remember that cart abandonment
isn't always avoidable, but retargeting may help you
recapture these clients. To get the most out of your
social media advertising, target those who have
previously visited your website but haven't purchased
anything.
Customer lifetime value (CLV)

This has been discussed under Customer Lifetime Value.
Net Profit
This has been discussed under Net Profit.
Difference Between Net Profit, Net Income, and Net Earnings

The words "net profit", "net income", and "net earnings" are
synonymous. They all relate to a company's money left over
after deducting all business expenditures from its total
revenue.
Why is Net Profit important?
● Investments: When deciding whether to invest in a

business, investors consider its net profit. A company
with consistently high net profits assures investors that
it will make a profit rather than a loss.
● Revenue: Small business owners must closely monitor

their net earnings in order to completely grasp their
net profit margin and determine how they may
increase sales.
● Losses: Some business owners plan to operate at a

loss, particularly in the early stages of a company.
Determining net profit indicates that they may still
have a good idea of how much of a net loss they
expect and how long they intend to keep losing.
● Loans: Banks and lenders consider a company's net

profit when deciding whether to provide a business
loan to it or not. Banks are more willing to give loans to
a business with a higher net profit since the company
is more likely to repay the loan.
How to calculate Net Profit?

To determine your company's net profit, add up all of your
revenue over a certain time period and then subtract from
that total all of your costs incurred during that same time
period.
Total Revenue - Total Cost = Net Profit

How To Increase Your Net Profit?
● Review pricing: Many businesses struggle to price

items competitively with acceptable profit margins.
Even a modest price increase might have a significant
influence on your net profits. However, keep in mind
that reasonable pricing strategies should include what
the market will support in terms of supply and price, as
well as how to continue to drive customer acquisition
and retention.
● Reduce overhead: Analyzing your overhead costs on

a regular basis — including insurance, interest, fees,
rent, supplies, marketing expenses, and more — is a
simple way to increase your net profit. Benchmarking
your overhead data to organizations similar to yours
may help you identify opportunities for improvement.
● Control inventory: Proper inventory management may

enhance your cash flow and net profit. Some of your
products will undoubtedly have higher profit margins
than others. Keeping a close eye on your inventory
while keeping an eye on your spending will help you

order the appropriate amount of the right goods at the
right time, ensuring you have your high-profit products
on hand for customers who want to purchase them
without tying up your cash flow in products that don't
sell.
Net profit margin

It is the ratio of a firm's or business unit's total profit to the
total amount of revenue made by that company or business
segment. A company's "net profit" is the amount of money left
over after all of its "costs and responsibilities", such as
"operational expenditures and taxes", have been deducted.
Net Profit Margin vs. Gross Profit Margin

The difference between a company's gross profit margin and
its net profit margin is that the latter calculates profits after
deducting all of the expenses from the income of the
business. Whereas, gross profit margin refers to the amount
of revenue that’s left after the cost of products sold has been
subtracted (COGS). It does not take into consideration the
costs of running the business, such as the rent, utilities, or
salaries of the employees.

Why is Net profit margin important?
It is possible to conclude that the net margin is the single
most crucial metric of an organization's total profitability. This
is because it is the ratio of a company's or business
segment's net profits to total sales. The net profit margin is
the amount of profit made for every dollar of sales after
taking into account all of the expenditures paid by the firm in
the process of generating those revenues. A big profit margin
suggests that a greater percentage of each dollar of sales is
retained as profit.
How to calculate Net profit margin?

Net profit is derived by subtracting all firm expenditures from
its total revenue. Then divide the result by the company’s
revenue.
Net Profit Margin = (Revenue - Cost) / Revenue

How To Improve Your Net Profit margin?
Whereas the average net margin for different sectors varies
greatly, organizations can obtain a competitive edge in
general by either growing revenue or cutting expenditures (or
both).
Boosting sales, however, frequently entails spending more

money to do so, which means increased expenditures.
Cutting too many expenses can potentially lead to negative
results, such as losing qualified staff, transferring to poorer
materials, or other losses in quality. Cutting advertising costs
may also impact sales. To minimize the cost of manufacturing
without losing quality, the greatest choice for many
organizations is expansion.

This has been explained under Average Order Value.
Conversion rate
This has been explained under Customer Conversion Rate.
Customer Retention Rate

This has been explained under Customer Retention Rate.
Shopping Cart Abandonment Rate

The shopping cart abandonment rate is a metric that is used
in eCommerce to determine the percentage of potential
buyers who place items in their virtual shopping carts but do
not follow through with the purchase.

Why should You Calculate the shopping cart abandonment rate?
The reasons why businesses determine the shopping cart
abandonment rate are as follows:
● To study the buying habits of your website visitors and

consumers;
● To study how intuitive and trustworthy your checkout

experience is;
● To investigate the reasons why clients don't convert.
How to calculate the Shopping Cart Abandonment Rate?
In order to calculate the Shopping Cart Abandonment Rate,

divide the total number of completed transactions by the
number of shopping carts created. To get the percentage,
multiply by 100. In essence:
(Completed purchases / No. of Shopping carts) x 100 =

Shopping Cart Abandonment Rate

How to reduce the shopping cart abandonment rate?
● Make the checkout process fast and easy
Customer abandonment is more probable if the
checkout procedure is time-consuming and confusing.
Make sure your checkout procedure is no more than
3-5 steps long; the shorter, the better. In addition,
avoid cramming too many fields onto a single stage. A
progress indicator may also be used to alleviate
clients' concerns and reassure them that the process is
almost complete. Customers will have an easier time
following along with the procedure if it is simplified.
● Make modification easy

Customers should have as little difficulty as possible
removing products from their shopping carts in the
event that they inadvertently added the items or if they
need to make modifications to the items in their carts.
Customers should be able to edit the contents of their
shopping carts in a number of ways, including the
ability to remove, add, or delete things, change their
delivery decision, and other options if you provide
them. To further simplify the shopping experience for
your customers, you might also facilitate a seamless
transition for them from the shopping cart to the shop.
● Show all hidden costs.

Extra costs are the key motivating factor for the
abandonment of around half of all shopping carts.
Finding out about extra costs at the checkout after a
customer has already made their selections is one of
the most frustrating things that can happen to a
customer. As a business owner engaged in online
commerce, you may demonstrate transparency and
integrity about your pricing structure by displaying it
upfront.

● Provide free and fast delivery.
Customers have grown to assume that internet shops
would provide free delivery of their products. In
addition, the customer wants it done quickly. If you
provide free delivery as well as shipping times of two
days or less, or even the same day, your customers will
quickly fill their shopping carts and complete the
checkout process.
● Offer easy product returns and refunds

Customers will be more likely to buy from you if they
can easily return products or get a refund. Make your
return policy simple for your customers to understand.
Additionally, offer a variety of refund options, such as
credit to the customer's bank account or store credit.
Additionally, make it simple for customers to find the
return policy. Put it somewhere on the checkout page
if you want to remove any lingering doubt.
Other things you can do include:
● Offer multiple payment options;
● Have a worldwide or just wide national/state coverage;
● Don’t force customers to sign up before they can

make purchases;
● Add product reviews;
● Give customers the option of adding items to their

wish lists;
● Optimize your page loading times;
● Offer customers who have abandoned their carts

discounts to finish their order;

● Use ad retargeting;
● Send email reminders.
Add to Cart Conversion Rate

Add to Cart Rate is the proportion of website visitors who add
at least a single product to their cart in a particular session.
How to calculate Add to Cart Conversion Rate?

To calculate your add-to-cart conversion rate, take the total
number of sessions when someone puts an item in the cart
and divide it by the total number of sessions.
Add to cart conversion rate = sessions when items were

added to cart / total number of session
How to Improve Your add-to-cart Conversion rate?

● Revenue produced per client: Conduct an
investigation into the amount of money brought in by
each individual consumer that visited your
establishment within the specified amount of time.
View your top-selling items in terms of volume and

income over a specified time period. You can then
evaluate those products based on their placement,
and other characteristics to understand why they are
the best-selling products.
● Sales volume and patterns: Examine the amount of

money brought in by sales over the course of the most
recent month. You should keep track of daily patterns,
compare them to your sales goals, and then take the
appropriate steps to achieve those goals.
● Trends in website traffic: It is important to keep track

of the number of new and returning visitors to your
website, as well as the number of unique sessions that
each of these users began.
Gross Merchandise Volume (GMV)

The gross merchandise value (GMV) is a statistic that the vast
majority of online merchants make use of in order to figure
out the sum of their sales that occurred during a certain
period of time. GMV is calculated only based on the number
of sales that are completed in conjunction with the price at
which the product is offered for sale; it does not take into
consideration any additional costs or fees.
Why is GMV important?

GMV may be useful in estimating the gross value amount for
various items, which enables a company to compare the
performance of individual offers to the overall success of the
company.
How to calculate GMV?

To calculate GMV, multiply the Average Order Value of
customers by the number of transactions.
So in essence, if your business's AOV is $12 and the number

of transactions is 40000, then your GMV is $480,000.
Influencer ROI
Influencer ROI is the return on investment a business makes
from having paid an influencer to promote their brand.
Influencer ROI has proven to be effective for many
businesses, giving as much as $5.20 for every dollar spent.
It's also about 11x more effective than banner advertising,
which is why many businesses are beginning to rely on
influencer marketing to improve sales, brand exposure, and
traffic.
Return on Ad Spend (ROAS)

https://databox.com/ecommerce-kpis
This has been explained under Return on Ad Spend.
Return on Marketing Investment

An online marketing campaign's ROMI, which stands for
return on marketing investment, is a metric that is used to
determine how successful the campaign is. It is the difference
between the amount that is invested in the project and the
amount that is returned as a result of the project.
How to Calculate Return on Marketing Investment (ROMI)
To calculate the Return on Marketing Investment, follow the

procedure of first deducting the amount spent on marketing
from the total amount returned by that company or product
line, the remaining sum is then divided by the entire amount
of marketing investment and multiplied by 100 to get the
percentage.
ROMI = [(Amount returned - Amount invested) / Amount

invested] x 100
For example, If the amount returned on a sales was $120,000

and the amount invested on the sales was $20,000, then the
return on marketing investment (ROMI) is 500%, the ratio of
revenue to cost being 5:1.

(($120000-$20000) / $20000) x 100 = 500%
Best Practices for Measuring Marketing ROI
● Keeping accurate records of the various components

that go into the production of a campaign is essential
in calculating the total production costs;
● The total costs incurred as a result of promotion

should be included in the overall cost, if it is relevant to
the situation;
● It is important to take into consideration the amount of

time that was required to put together the materials for
the marketing campaign;
● Also, It is pertinent to maintain track of non-monetary

returns, such as increased participation on social
media and visitors to your website. Given that this is
the case, it's feasible that your company's profile is still
being raised as a result of this;
● In order to find out whether your content is attracting

people to your product's landing page or not, utilize a
tracking URL.
What is a Good Marketing ROI?

According to the 5:1 ROI general principle, a return on
investment (ROI) ratio of 10:1 is exceptional. A profit margin of
less than 2:1 is considered unproductive, attributed to the fact
that the production costs and distribution process sometimes
result in a loss of money for enterprises.

What Are the Challenges of Measuring Marketing ROI?
● Oversimplified marketing measurements: Several

aspects must be considered when valuing a marketing
venture. Marketers should have a stated sales
standard. Weather, market conditions, and other
events might affect a campaign's performance.
● The measurement technique requires a great deal of

persistence and perseverance. Finding out whether a
certain marketing plan was successful or not could
take many weeks or even several months.
● Also, manually calculating the return on investment

(ROI) for each marketing campaign involves both time
and access to the financials of the organization
Why is Return on Marketing Investment Important?

● The value of a marketing activity can be determined by
measuring its return on investment (ROI).
● It helps to maintain a satisfactory level of financial

stability within the marketing budget.
This is possible because calculating your return on
investment (ROI) will assist you in determining how
much money to put into your next creative endeavor.
When you have all of the relevant data at your
disposal, determining how much money to allocate to
marketing is a simple matter of common sense.
● It reorganizes your advertising strategy.

When you know what your return on investment (ROI)
is, it is much easier to make business decisions.
Using ROI, you may figure out which activities should
receive the greatest share of your money based on
data that is both exact and comprehensive.

● It helps you to get started on a comparison of the
competitors.
Every marketer should strive to master the art of doing
a competitive analysis.
If you're following a strategy that's similar to one of
your competitors, you should be aware. Identify what
sets it apart from the competition and why that
matters, what they're doing now that they haven't
done before, and how much money you'll need to
invest before starting.
If your ROI is satisfactory, you will be able to see the
situation objectively.
● It contributes to enhancing the accuracy and

precision of forecasts.
To make an accurate projection of your company's
future marketing success, you need to have a solid
understanding of how things stand right now.
Protecting our right to market and ensuring a steady
flow of traffic is made easier when we have a better
grasp of what aspects of the market are successful
and which ones are not.
Average Revenue Per Account (ARPA)

This has been explained under Average Revenue Per
Account.
Bounce Rate
This has been explained under Bounce Rate.
Shopping cart abandonment rate

This has been explained under Shopping Cart Abandonment
Rate.

This has been explained under Net Promoter Score.

Customer Health Score (CHS)
This has been explained under Customer Health Score.
First Response Time

This has been explained under First Response Time.
Revenue Per Email (RPE)

Revenue Per Email is an important business metric that
measures the amount of revenue generated by a company's
email campaign. It does this by evaluating the conversion rate
of emails and the revenue generated from each email sent.
Why is RPE Important?

Revenue Per Email is an important metric because it allows
you to analyze your email traffic and revenue in order to
understand which types of emails gain the attention of most
customers. Using it also shows you whether your email
marketing is performing as expected. If it isn't, this gives you
a chance to correct whatever the problem may be.
In some aspects, it's a better indicator of revenue increase

than ROI since most big companies can't really calculate the

sum of all their expenses, which is a major requirement for
calculating ROI. By monitoring RPE, they can understand the
amount of revenue their email marketing efforts and
investments bring in.
How to Calculate RPE?

To calculate RPE, subtract the cost of the email campaign
from the revenue from the campaign, and divide the figure by
the cost of the email campaign. Then multiply by 100.
How To Increase Your RPE?

● Use triggered emails.
These are emails sent based on the actions of users.
For example, if a user just signed up on your website,
you can send them a welcome email. This can also be
sent after signing up for your newsletter.
These types of emails perform well because they were

triggered by customers' actions and are relevant to
their current stage in the lead life cycle.

Another situation where this type of email is effective
is when customers abandon their carts. You can
remind them to come back and place their orders.
● Personalized Emails
Personalized emails can also be sent to customers
based on their behavior. For a more efficient way of
sending personalized emails, you can segment users
based on several criteria, like their spending, how
often they visit your site, etc. By using personalized
emails, you can get more conversions since these
emails are relevant to your target recipients.
You can also use the method listed under Revenue Per
Subscriber to increase RPE.
Revenue Per Subscriber (RPS)

Revenue Per Subscriber is a KPI that determines how much
each email subscriber is worth to you, and also helps you
determine how much you can afford to spend on attracting
new subscribers.
Why is RPS important?

The revenue per subscriber is the email equivalent of the
average revenue per user (ARPU), and it represents the
amount of money that you produce for each email address
that is included in your subscriber base. It is the most
important metric, along with revenue per email, for measuring
how successful an email marketing campaign has been.
Both point to the real impact that your organization is seeing

as a result of the email marketing plan you've implemented.
Ultimately, this impacts all of the actions you take in terms of
growth marketing. If you are not generating a significant
amount of money from your emails, you will need to invest
more time and money into improving the quality of the emails

that you send. You may perhaps decide to focus on an
entirely different medium instead.
How to calculate RPS?

RPS is calculated by dividing the revenue from your emails by
the total number of email subscribers you have.
Your company made $50,000 in revenue via a marketing

email campaign for a seasonal sale, and 6,300 individuals
made a purchase through the campaign. Your revenue per
subscriber was $7.94.
RPS = $50000 / 6,300 = $7.936.

How To Improve Your RPS?
● Segmentation.
Emails that are addressed to a certain group of
individuals as opposed to everyone offer a higher
return on investment for companies than emails that
are sent to everyone.
● Management of mailing lists

Proper management of your email list and cleaning it
up allows you to get rid of people who signed up for it
but are not likely to become clients or customers of
your firm. This allows you to focus on those who are
more likely to become clients or customers.
You can also use the method listed under Revenue Per Email
to increase revenue per subscriber.
Pay-per-click (PPC)
Pay-per-click, sometimes known as PPC, is a model of online
advertising in which advertisers are charged a fee each time
one of their ads is clicked on by a potential customer. Simply
said, it's a means to spend money on having people visit your
website, rather than working to get them there organically
through search engines.
Average Resolution Time

This has been explained under Average Resolution Time.
Basket size
The quantity of goods that a customer puts in their "basket"
or "cart" throughout the course of a single shopping trip is
referred to as their "basket size" or "cart size". If a consumer
made a purchase from your online store consisting of two
pairs of shoes and three shirts, for instance, the total number
of items in their basket would be five (basket size).

Why Basket Size Is Important?
● Keeping track of inventory and supplies
It is important to pay attention to the size of the basket,
since it gives information about the circulation of
products around a company. If you keep track of the
size of the basket over time, you will be able to
calculate the number of items that are sold on a daily
basis by comparing the total amount of money that is
brought in on a daily basis to the size of the basket.
This gives you an estimate of how much more you will
need in order to refill your stock. Once you have a
general idea of what goes into the shopping cart of a
typical consumer, you will be able to determine how
often it will be necessary to replenish your stock and
buy new items.
● Determine what variables influence sales.

You may be able to understand what variables impact
a store's sales and profitability by looking at things like
the size of the basket, for instance. If you monitor the
size of the shopping baskets that consumers order,
you should be able to determine whether they are
purchasing more things or more costly ones. However,
make it a point to investigate other KPIs for your
company if the number of sales grows, but the
average size of the basket does not change.
● Analysis of the behavior of customers

Keeping track of the number of items that your clients
purchase might also provide you with further
information about them. You can determine which
sorts of consumers purchase more things and what
causes them to add more to their carts through this.
For instance, if you implement a new interstitial ad, you
can monitor how the contents of your customers'
baskets change over time to determine whether it

encouraged them to purchase more things or not.
How to Calculate Basket Size?

To calculate basket size, divide the total number of items sold
in a day, week, quarter, or month by the number of
transactions in that same period.
You should remember these two things when calculating your

basket size:
● Be sure to include each individual item so that bulk

purchases of the same product may be accounted for
in your calculations.
● To get a fair picture of how many products were sold,

subtract the number of items returned from the total.

How to Increase Basket Size?
● Sell products in bundles.
Customers may believe they are receiving more value
from their purchases if they are provided with
combinations of two or more things that are smartly
arranged together. This is especially true when
discounts are included in the packaged product price.
By placing product bundles on product listing pages
and checkout pages, consumers can find more of what
they want easily and at lower prices, which is
beneficial to them.
● Make tailored suggestions

Through the customization of the products that
customers view and interact with based on their
search queries and the things they have already
added to their basket, personalization may drive
customers to make more purchases.
● Make it easier to find new products.

If a consumer cannot find what they are searching for,
they will not add any other items to the cart. Check to
see that the results that are provided by your search
bar, filters, and navigation buttons are in visible places
and are as accurate as they can possibly be. In
addition, you can keep clients engaged in your
business by ensuring that they are aware of
forthcoming product launches, seasonal deals, and
other types of limited-time promotions. Make use of
dynamic product groups, highlight relevant products in
search results, and advertise special deals in order to
encourage customers to increase the number of items
in their basket and checkout.
You can also increase customers’ basket size by upselling

and cross-selling, and offering free delivery.

Lead Conversion Rate
The Lead Conversion Rate is a statistic that gauges the ability
of your team to successfully conclude sales transactions with
potential customers or leads.
Why is Lead Conversion Rate important?

This has been explained under: Why is Lead-to-Customer
Rate Important?
How to calculate Lead Conversion Rate?

To calculate the lead conversion rate, divide the total number
of leads that were converted by the total number of leads,
then multiply the figure by 100.
If your company received 100 leads and only 15 converted,

you have a 15% conversion rate.
Lead Conversion Rate = 15 / 100 x 100 = 15%

What’s a Good Lead Conversion Rate?
A conversion rate of 2-5% is considered average when
assessing your conversion rates. More than 6% to 9% is
regarded as above average. A successful result is regarded
as one with a percentage higher than 10%.
How To Increase Your Lead Conversion Rate?

● Obtain a large quantity of data about possible
customers.
It will be easier for you to convince your leads to buy
from you if you have as much information on them as
possible.
● Quickly respond to new leads as they become

available.
You should make contact with your leads as soon as
you get them. They might still be available to engage
with you after a few minutes after you got them as
leads. You will have an edge as a result of this in terms
of reaching out to them and engaging with them.
However, even if you are unable to follow up right

away, you should still make an attempt to do so before
the prospect loses interest, starts to assume that you
are not bothered about them, or initiates contact with
one of your industry rivals.
● Maintain contact with leads who are not yet ready to

buy.
When you initially start gathering leads, you will
discover that a sizable proportion of those leads are
not yet ready to make a purchase. This is something
you should expect. As a result, the nurturing of leads is
very necessary. Keeping your prospective clients
engaged in your business and its offerings until they
are either ready to make a purchase from you or have
made the decision not to buy from you is an essential
part of the sales process.
● Segmentation.
When it comes to generating leads, there is no one
strategy that is universally applicable. If you can
segment your leads into groups with similar
characteristics, it will be much simpler for you to funnel
and filter the leads that you have. Because of this, your
conversion rates will increase in direct proportion to
the level of specificity and targeting that you apply to
each of your segments.
Web Traffic Concentration

This metric makes a comparison between the amount of
search traffic that one specific page on your site receives and
the overall quantity of search traffic that your whole site
receives.

Why is Web Traffic Concentration important?
With the assistance of web traffic concentration, companies
are able to ascertain which pages or sales funnels attract the
most traffic and simply make adjustments to their online
marketing efforts in order to maximize their return on
investment.
How to calculate Web Traffic Concentration?

To calculate web traffic concentration, just take the number of
visits to a single page and divide that figure by the total
number of visits for your entire site.
Say a page on your website received 5,000 visits in the last

week and your whole site received 35,000 visits. This would
be the calculation for web traffic concentration:
Web Traffic Concentration = 5,000 / 25,000 = 0.2.
Making this a percentage by multiplying it by 100 would show

that that single page received 20% of your site visits.

Dormancy Rate
This indicator calculates the proportion of customers who
have not made use of your goods within a certain period of
time. The dormancy rate is only concerned with clients who
have not been in touch with your business for an extended
period of time.
Why is Dormancy Rate important?

The Dormancy Rate will provide you and your team with
information on the chances of losing customers. Because
your product might not be useful to all of your customers,
they might be less likely to make use of your products or
services.
As a result of this, you will need to think of the most efficient

methods possible to capture the attention of the people who
are in your intended audience.
The most important aspects of your product should be able to

satisfy the requirements, wishes, and anticipations of the
people who buy it. In addition, in order to adequately
promote your product or company to the demographic that
you have identified as your target audience, you need to
make use of an efficient marketing approach.
How to calculate Dormancy Rate?

To get the percentage of inactive customers, just divide the
number of customers who are not currently using the service
by the total number of customers. After that, multiply by 100.
(Number of inactive customers / total number of customers)

x 100 = Dormancy Rate

Customer Share by Category
The Customer Share by Category indicator educates your
staff on the most efficient marketing tactics for your goods
and services. Many businesses prioritize consumer share by
category after doing market research to determine what their
present clients are interested in.
Changing your marketing strategy, for example, if the bulk of

your customers is from the insurance industry, may help you
better engage with potential clients in that sector.
If a company can gauge the interests of its clientele, it will

have a good understanding of how to promote the material it
creates. If you choose, for instance, to promote engine oil
when 65% of your users are more interested in vehicle
interiors, then you are going to drive away a significant
number of your current clients.
Why is Customer Share by Category important?

When you know your Customer Share by Category you can
decide on what type of business your company should go
into, and because your decision is based on what your

customers are interested in, you will retain most of your
customers.
Along with that, Customer Share by Category provides you

with information on where to focus your marketing efforts.
Once you’ve discovered what most of your customers are
interested in, you can redesign your ad campaigns to target
more prospects from that industry.
How to calculate Customer Share by Category?

In order to calculate the Customer Share by Category
statistic, you must first divide the total number of customers
that fit into a certain category by the total number of
customers that your company has. The final value should
then be multiplied by 100.
Cost per Action (CPA)

The cost per action, often known as the cost per acquisition,
is a key performance indicator (KPI) that calculates how much
it costs an advertiser to get someone to do a certain action.
This means cost-per-action advertising is a kind of marketing
in which payment is made only when the specified action is
carried out by a prospective customer.

Why is Cost per Action important?
● Marketers that utilize cost-per-action advertising

campaigns are better able to keep their advertising
expense budgets under control;
● As a result of the fact that advertising is paid for

depending on actions taken, marketers can more
efficiently track and optimize their return on
investment across a variety of marketing channels;
● You can determine which of your marketing efforts are

the most successful by tracking your CPA, which also
ensures that your money is being spent on the most
cost-effective platforms.
How to calculate Cost per Action?

To calculate CPA, divide the total cost of your ad campaign by
the number of conversions.
CPA = Total Cost of Ads / Number of Conversions
In essence, if you spend $100,000 on CPA ads and get

25,000 conversions, your cost per action is $4.
How To Optimize Your Cost per Action?

There are a few things you can do to optimize your cost per
action, such as targeting the right audience, optimizing your
landing pages, and using retargeting ads, which only target
those who have previously visited your website.
Marketing Originated Customers

The Marketing Originated Customers aims to indicate how
much of your company's recent development can be ascribed

to the work of your marketing department by calculating the
percentage of customers that came via marketing-related
initiatives.
How to calculate Marketing Originated Customers?

To calculate Marketing Originated Customers, divide the
number of customers who started their relationship with the
firm as marketing leads during a given time period by the
total number of new customers during that same time period.
Then multiply by 100 to find the proportion that came in
through marketing-related activities in comparison to other
channels.
Say 140 new leads came as marketing leads and your

business got 230 new leads for that time period. The
following would be how to determine Marketing Originated
Customers.
Marketing Originated Customers = 140 / 230 x 100 = 60.9%

Funnel Conversion Rate
A funnel conversion rate is a statistic that shows the
percentage of people who have been persuaded to take a
desired action by a call to action, converting them from
potential customers to leads, leads to paying customers, and
paying customers to recurring customers.

Why is Funnel Conversion Rate important?
The Funnel Conversion Rate indicator will help your team
discover and measure how effective their efforts are in
encouraging leads to achieve goals and go down the funnel
until they reach the bottom.
How to Calculate Funnel Conversion Rate?
To calculate funnel conversion rate, divide the number of total

conversions by the number of total leads that entered the
funnel. In essence:
Funnel Conversion Rate = (Total Conversions / Total leads

in the funnel) x 100.
What’s a good funnel conversion rate?

A funnel conversion rate that is between 3.1-5% is considered
to be successful. In all honesty, a success rate of anything
greater than 2% is wonderful. On the other hand, the general
average conversion rate of a funnel across the majority of

industries is approximately 3%.
How To Increase Your Funnel Conversion rate?

● Make sure your sales pages feature CTAs.
It's only half the job done if you can get people to visit
your website and look at the pages about your
services; you still need to figure out how to convert
those site visitors into paying customers. Calls to
action are extremely useful in situations like this.
Calls to action are concise instructions that provide

site users with detailed information regarding the next
steps they should take. The majority of the time, they
take the shape of a button, or else they are denoted
by text that is highlighted.
Calls to action may not appear to be very important,

but studies have shown that they do play a big role in
determining whether website visitors complete a
purchase or not. By delivering the appropriate call to
action (CTA), you can possibly persuade them to
spend money on a product or service and direct them
in the appropriate direction.
If you use a color scheme that is either extremely

bright or extremely dark, the call-to-action buttons you
use should stand out from the rest of the material you
have created. Finally, take into account the language
that you use in your calls to action (CTAs). Make use of
action verbs such as "buy", "subscribe", and "call" to
encourage site users to take some sort of step
forward.
● Develop content for educational purposes.

It will be much simpler for you to move people through
your sales funnel if you make it a point to ensure that

potential customers have a solid understanding of
what it is that you are selling to them and how it could
be of benefit to them. Consequently, you should give
some thought to the production of helpful material
with the sole intention of supporting your audience in
making better purchasing selections.
● Create the simplest possible purchasing experience

for customers.
You'll see a rise in conversions if it's easier for them to
buy your products from you. Reducing the amount of
friction your consumers experience when making a
purchase is an easy way to boost your sales funnel
conversion rates. Online customers prefer transactions
that are simple and speedy.
● Ensure that you're visible on the social media

networks that your followers frequent.
The use of social media is one of the most efficient
ways to keep your brand in front of the people who
are most important to your business. If you are present
on the social media platforms that are frequented by
your target audience, the likelihood that a potential
customer will go through the sales funnel and make a
purchase from you will improve considerably.
Utilizing the social media platforms that are most

pertinent to your intended audience is essential if you
wish to obtain the best possible results from your
efforts.
● Follow up with clients who were previously close to

converting into customers.
This is one of the most effective tactics for ensuring
that customers go through your funnel and eventually
convert into paying customers.
There are several possible explanations for why your

company's products or services were turned down. It
is possible that their goals have shifted, that they have
reevaluated their budget, or that they have just
forgotten.
If you have already had a conversation with a potential

customer, it is time well spent to investigate whether
there is anything you can do to sway their decision to
make a purchase.
Response Rate
Response rate is the proportion of people who respond to a

certain call to action, such as filling out a survey. Although it
can be applied to any form of advertising, the term "response
rate" is most commonly associated with surveys and email
marketing.
Why is Response Rate important?

For marketers, tracking response rates is essential on a
number of levels. This is because it makes it possible to
calculate the rate at which surveys, emails, and

advertisements lead to conversions — that is, turning a
non-customer into a customer. This makes comparing
campaigns that reach various audiences easier.
Depending on the precise call-to-action, the number of

people who actually filled out a form to request information,
or any other activity requiring a response, as well as local
demographics, the offer's applicability to the target market,
and how enticing the offer is, this measurement may differ.
The response rate is almost always a significant indicator that

one should be aware of, even though the criteria mentioned
above may suggest that a low response rate does not
necessarily have anything to do with your activities. In
addition to the overall quantity of responses, the quality of
those responses is also of considerable importance. It would
be undesirable to have a high response rate mainly
composed of negative comments. Sometimes, a low
response rate that produces positive results can be more
important than the case described above.
Customers should be actively encouraged to take advantage

of the products by those in marketing positions. Response
rates that are too low can affect the results and supply
advertisers with incorrect information by producing a biased
sample. Consumer marketers should be aware of this
potential risk. Any other factors leading to biased results
should be avoided as thoroughly as possible.

How to calculate Response Rate?
The response rate is calculated by dividing the number of

users who responded to the offer by the total number of
users who were exposed to it, and the result is frequently
presented as a percentage of the total.
Response Rate = (Customers Responding / Customers

Being Communicated With) x 100
If 150 surveys were sent out and 30 persons filled them out,
the response rate would be 30/150 x 100 = 20%.
How Can You Improve Your Response Rate?

A poor response rate indicates that your audience isn't
sufficiently interested in what you have to offer. You are
aware that you need to find strategies to engage your
audience more and enlist more people to be interested in
what you are offering because they may leave or abandon
your survey before finishing it. Be aware of your target
market, maintain your connections current, send your survey

in several different ways, and customize your invites and
reminders.
If you understand how the response rate for your

organization works and take the right guidance from the
aforementioned recommendations into consideration, you'll
be ready to obtain the ideal answers from the right audience.
If you strive for a high response rate of around 80%, your call
to action will go as planned.
Click-Through Rate (CTR)
Click-through rate conversion, or CTR for short, refers to the

percentage of users who visit a website after clicking on an
advertisement or link to that page.
Why is Click-Through Rate important?

On a basic level, you can compare and contrast the success
of different campaigns by utilizing the CTR, also known as the
click-through rate, because the number of clicks received by
advertising or link is not always a fair measure of its
effectiveness.

How to Calculate Click-Through Rate?
The click-through rate can be calculated by taking the entire

number of impressions and dividing that number by the total
number of clicks, then multiplying that figure by 100.
Click-through rate = Number of impressions / Number of

clicks x 100
Consider the following scenario: The overall number of clicks

on your website is 86, but the total number of page views is
1,360.
CTR = (86/1360) x 100.

Click-through rate (CTR) is 6.32%
What is a good click-through rate?

Experts point out that there is no ideal CTR index because its
proportion depends on the direction of your platform and the
type of content. The following broad principles will help you
assess if the CTR for your online business is high or low:

Most marketers believe that a 2% CTR is a reasonable goal
for any advertising effort.
Some experts believe that a CTR of 4-5% is appropriate for
digital companies.
Having a CTR of more than 10% indicates that the website
being monitored is at risk.
As a surprise to many, Google's major reason for conducting
a review of the digital platform was an abnormally high CTR.
Search engines will keep a careful eye on your website's
activities and may decide to block it altogether. As a result,
even the most effective paid advertisement cannot give you a
CTR of more than 10% if you follow the white hat principles of
digital marketing.
How to Optimize Your Click-Through Rate?

● Focus on Your Market
Placing your links in front of the appropriate audience
is half the battle when it comes to increasing your
click-through rate. These are those who are more
likely to be interested in your message due to their
individual requirements or hobbies.
● Conduct keyword analysis.

This advice is relevant to both sponsored and
unsponsored searches.
Your CTR and traffic can be increased by the right
keyword selection.
Start by coming up with as many significant keywords
as you can. Write out the keywords that you believe
your ideal customer would use to find you.
● Craft Catchy Subject Lines for Your Emails.

Unless they open your email, it will be impossible for
them to click on your link. They will not open your
email if the subject line does not pique their attention.

● Ads should feature high-resolution images.
If you're using photographs in your advertising
campaigns, make sure they're high-quality and visually
appealing.
Most people skip advertising, leaving you with a small

amount of time to present your product or service to
them. Show off your brand, logo, or message in a
prominent location.
Don't overdo it with the text in your images. Having the

right amount will encourage people to read them.
● Make the link prominent.

The more attention-grabbing a link or CTA button is,
the more likely it is to be clicked.
11. Retail Sales Business

Model metrics & KPIs
Sales per square foot
This has been explained under sales per square foot.
Sales per employee

This metric is self-explanatory: It is used to track sales
completed by each of your employees. It is most beneficial
for estimating how many employees will be working on the
floor at any one moment and allows you to create an
accurate budget for employee wages. Because of this, the
ratio of a company's total sales to the number of employees
might provide some insight into the operational costs of the
business.

How to calculate Sales per employee?
To calculate sales per employee, divide net sales by the total
number of employees a company has.
Company’s Net Sales / Total Number of Employees = Sales

Per Employee
Conversion rate
This has been explained under Customer Conversion Rate.
Gross profit (GP)

The total amount of profit your business generates in a
certain period is known as your "gross profit", and it is
calculated after the cost of acquiring or manufacturing the
products is deducted.
Gross Profit vs. Gross Profit Margin

Gross profit and gross profit margin are not the same thing,
despite the fact that the phrases are sometimes used
synonymously and have many similarities. The value of the
gross profit is given in terms of money, whereas the gross
profit margin is expressed as a percentage.
How Is Gross Profit Different From Net Profit?

Gross profit is a measurement that investors use to determine
the amount of profit a company generates from the
manufacturing and selling of its products “after deducting the
costs of production” from its revenue. On the other hand, net
profit refers to the amount of profit that is left over “after all of
the expenditures and expenses” have been accounted for in
revenue. This is the amount that was left over.

Why is Gross Profit important?
● The gross profit margin is a statistic that is often used

to estimate the total viability of a particular product. It
gives you an idea of how effectively you are putting
the resources you have available to work in the
production and distribution of the products and
services you provide.
● Understanding your margins gives you the ability to

react quickly and make choices that are beneficial to
the expansion and sustainability of your company. If
your company's gross profit goes down, this often
means that your costs have gone up. As a result, you
should evaluate your company's cash flow and make
any required adjustments. A rise, on the other hand,
can indicate the beginning of a pattern that calls for
further investment and expenditure.
How to calculate Gross Profit?

To calculate gross profit, subtract COGS (cost of goods sold)
from your total revenue. In essence, if your COGS is $60,000
and your revenue is $85,000, your gross profit is $25,000.
Gross Profit = 85,000 - $60,000 = $25,000.
Gross profit margin

The gross profit margin is a metric used to calculate the
percentage of revenue left after deducting the cost of goods
sold from the revenue generated by those products. It
doesn't account for overhead costs, payroll, and marketing
costs.
Gross Profit Margin versus Markup

Due to the fact that both gross profit margin and markup use
the same input variables in their respective calculations, it is
easy to have these two concepts confused with one another.
However, while gross profit margin divides gross profit by the

total revenue, markup divides gross profit by COGS.
For example, if your gross profit is $25,000, your COGS is

$60,000, and your total revenue is $85,000, this would be
the calculation for the two:
Gross Profit Margin = ($25,000 / $85,000) x 100 = 29%

Markup = ($25,000 / $60,000) x 100 = 41.6%
Why is Gross profit margin important?

When it comes to the process of establishing a healthy net
profit, one of the most important components is having a
significant gross profit margin. If your gross profit margin is
already high, raising your operating profit margin and your
net profit margin will be much simpler for you. If the gross
profit margin of a young business is sufficiently high, it will be

considerably less difficult for that company to achieve
financial stability and start turning a profit.
How to calculate Gross profit margin?
To get the gross profit margin, subtract the cost of goods sold
from the total revenue. Once you have that number, multiply it
by 100.
Gross Profit Margin = ((Revenue - COGS) / Revenue) x 100
What Is a “Good” Gross Profit Margin?

Every company's first objective should be to increase its
gross profit margin. A high gross profit margin not only
increases net income, but it also frees up capital that may be
spent on longer-term growth initiatives like research and
development (R&D).
The perception of what constitutes a good gross profit margin

varies depending on the industry in which a business
operates. According to a study, the average gross profit

margin is about 36%.
Individually, though, things vary substantially. The

semiconductor business has a far larger gross profit margin
than the trucking industry, with a margin of 56% vs. 23%. In
farming and agribusiness, the average gross profit margin is
about 11%. In the advertising industry, the average is 26%,
while it is 47.90% in education. Other sorts of businesses,
such as those in the service industry, the legal community, or
the financial sector, may consider a gross profit margin of
50% to be insufficient.
How To Increase Your Gross profit margin?

● Increase profit by increasing prices.
Although raising the price of the product or service is
the easiest answer, it is not necessarily the most
effective. This is especially the case for businesses
that operate in highly competitive markets or have
low-profit margins. This is because there is very little
room for error, given that it has the potential to put
your company out of business.
● Improve business operations.

If you are unable to pass on the additional expenses to
your consumers, you will need to discover ways to
improve the efficiency of your company's operations in
order to remain competitive. This may be done by
either decreasing the amount of money spent on labor
or increasing the amount of money spent on
automation.
Net profit
This has been explained under Net Profit.

Average order value
This has been explained under Average Order Value.
Basket size
This has been explained under Basket Size.
Year-over-year growth
Year-over-year growth contrasts the performance statistics of
a period in the past year with the performance of the current
year over the same time period. For example, to find out your
year-over-year growth, you can compare your performance in
May 2021 to your performance in May 2022.
Why is year-over-year growth important?

● It isn’t affected by seasonal fluctuations.
In order to keep track of their development, some
businesses decide to evaluate their most recent
results in relation to those of the month or quarter that
came before it. However, this approach could not be
beneficial for certain businesses that are affected by
seasonal fluctuations. The year-over-year growth
metric compares a business's statistics from the
current season to those from the previous year's
equivalent season.
● Makes company growth data easier to evaluate and

understand.
It might be difficult to determine how stable a business
is just based on how well it fared during its off-season,
since the revenue of a company can change from
month to month. This metric makes the statistics of
growth from one year to the next easier to
comprehend, which in turn gives investors the
impression that the data is more reliable.

● Helps determine changes you can make for better
results.
Year-over-year growth statistics for your company may
shed light on the effects of a number of distinct factors
that contribute to your organization's success. This will
make it simpler for you to understand what works and
what specific changes you should make in response.
How to Calculate Year-Over-Year Growth?
To calculate year-over-year growth, choose a certain period

from the past year and gather performance numbers for that
period in the preceding year and current year. Subtract last
year's data from this year’s, then divide by last year’s
performance numbers. Once you have the figure, multiply it
by 100.
((This year - Last Year) / Last Year) x 100 = Year-over-year

Growth.
If you sold 2,000 units of your product in May 2021 and sold
6,000 in the same period in 2022, this would be the

calculation for your company’s YOY Growth:
((6000 - 2000) / 2000) x 100 = 200%
This would mean your company grew its sales by 200% of

last year’s sales.
Inventory turnover
Inventory turnover is a ratio that represents the number of

times a company has sold its inventory and subsequently
replaced it over the course of a certain time period.
Inventory Turnover vs. Days Sales of Inventory

While inventory turnover represents the number of times a
company has sold its inventory and subsequently replaced it
over the course of a certain time period, days sales of
inventory shows how long it takes a company to sell its
inventory, or how long it takes to turn inventory into revenue.

Why is Inventory Turnover important?
● How fast inventory sells, how effectively it satisfies

market demand, and what other things in its class
category are selling are all important factors to
consider when evaluating the efficiency of a firm.
Because the turnover of an organization's inventory is
the primary source of revenue for most companies,
this metric is the primary one that companies use to
evaluate the effectiveness of their offerings.
● Higher stock turns are preferable since they show the

marketability of the product and decrease holding
charges. These holding expenses include rent, utilities,
insurance, theft, and any other costs associated with
keeping things in inventory.
● One further reason for looking at a company's

inventory turnover rate is so that it may be compared
to that of other businesses operating in the same
sector. A company's operational efficiency may be
evaluated based on whether its inventory turnover
meets or exceeds the norms established for its
industry.

How to calculate Inventory Turnover?
If the annual average inventory of a company is $1,200,000

and its COGS is $6,000,000, then its inventory turnover ratio
would be 5. This means the company sells off and replaces
its inventory 5 times a year.
Inventory Turnover Ratio = $6,000,000 / $1,200,000 = 5.
Average Inventory: If a company’s inventory at the beginning

of a period costs $1,500,000 and after one inventory turnover
costs $900,000, that would mean their average inventory is
$1,200,000.
$1,500,000 + $900,000 / 2 = $1,200,000
Average inventories are calculated based on frequencies, just

like normal arithmetic averages.

What Is a Good Inventory Turnover?
Depending on the sector, different inventory turnover rates
will be considered "good". Generally speaking, industries that
sell relatively affordable goods will have greater inventory
turnover rates, whereas those that stock more expensive
goods will have lower inventory turnover rates.
The ideal inventory turnover ratio for merchants is between

two and six, although no two businesses or circumstances
are ever the same. Your restocking and sales rates should be
in equilibrium, if your inventory turnover ratio falls within this
range. To fulfill demand, you will have just the correct amount
of inventory, neither too little nor too much.
How To Improve Your Inventory Turnover?

● To increase revenue and improve customer
satisfaction.
In today's market, the customer experience is the
single most important differentiating factor between
one company and another. According to a number of
studies, businesses that give superior customer
service have consistent revenues that are around six
times higher than those of their competitors, who only
offer mediocre service. Therefore, if you want to
increase annual sales, improving the customer
experience is an excellent way to begin.
● Implement just-in-time inventory management to

increase the amount of product that is sold from
existing stock.
Just in time (JIT) entails placing orders for products,
keeping them, putting them together, and/or
producing them in order to fulfill requests only at the
times when it is absolutely necessary. The Just-In-Time
methodology expedites the delivery of orders to

customers while simultaneously reducing the amount
of money spent on storing inventory. When you
employ the JIT approach, you do not maintain a safety
stock. With less inventory in your warehouse at any
given time, you should expect higher stock turnover as
a result.
● Consider the changing of the seasons.

Certain holidays can cause a spike in demand for
many businesses. You may, and should, adjust your
stock levels to preserve a good inventory turnover
ratio at all times of the year. Increase inventories (and
the number of workers needed to create or assemble
the products) as needed, and decrease supplies as
needed by implementing capacity planning strategies
(and workforce).
Demand for your goods can help you enhance your

inventory turnover ratio, which may seem self-evident.
Although it is important to say, the foundation of any
successful firm is still worth discussing. In addition,
while "increase sales" is an easy idea on paper, putting
it into action is much, much more difficult.
● Successful Marketing
Improving your inventory turnover requires having a
strong marketing plan. You might concentrate on
underperforming products and connect with elusive
clients. You may increase sales and hence enhance
your inventory turnover rate by pursuing new markets
and utilizing all available marketing channels. The use
of social media, SEO, paid advertising, content
marketing, and email marketing may all be very
successful strategies for attracting new clients and
retaining existing ones.

● Minimizing the possibility of product returns
Product returns have a big influence on your inventory
as well as your earnings. For goods companies,
returns and exchanges will always happen, but that
doesn't imply there isn't anything you can do to reduce
how often they do.
● Ensure that your products have thorough

documentation. When describing your products,
be truthful;
● Make sure there is no transport-related damage

to your goods;
● There should be a track notification available.
● Promote Old Stock Sales

Your inventory may become weighed down by unused,
old products with little demand. Avoid such
circumstances at all costs, but if you find yourself in
one, provide special discounts and promotions to help
move the outdated inventory out quickly. Launching a
targeted marketing strategy to move out-of-date
inventory is another significant option to think about.
● Discuss purchase rates regularly.

It's possible to increase your profit margins by placing
wise orders, so make sure to bargain for a better price.
Distributors and suppliers frequently provide better
discounts and lower rates to their regular clients, so, if
you order frequently from them, even in small
quantities, you might be able to negotiate lower prices.
● Smart Pricing Technique

Pricing can be challenging, especially if you're selling a
variety of goods internationally. Simply said, not all of
your things can be priced using the same approach at
all times. Instead, think about employing a variety of

pricing techniques based on different variables, such
as seasonal pricing, free shipping, volume discounts,
and so on.
● Accelerate Shipping
Fast and dependable shipping can increase sales for
an online business. Customers who order products
online and then have to wait weeks for them to arrive
damaged are likely to never order from you again and
may even leave nasty reviews that could hurt your
future sales by scaring off potential customers. Fast
and secure shipment is therefore essential for
effectively clearing out your inventory.
Sell-Through Rate
The sell-through rate (STR) is the ratio of goods sold to goods

purchased from your manufacturer(s) over the course of a
month (or another time period).
Your STR is a strategy for measuring the overall health of your

business that entails comparing your monthly sales to a
predetermined objective. Monitoring your STR helps you to
keep track of your sales, adjust your targets as needed, and
ensure the supply chain runs smoothly.
Examining the sell-through rate is one of the ways in which

you may track the effectiveness of your supply chain.
Because of the proliferation of online shopping platforms
such as eBay, Amazon, and Shopify, this is an essential
strategy for traditional stores that sell their products in
person.
A high sell-through rate should be your primary objective

here. Every item you have in stock is a cost to your business
that takes money away from other, perhaps more profitable
investments. You will need to investigate the factors that are
contributing to your poor sell-through rate. While the
sell-through rate is not a good indicator that something is
wrong, it is a great sign that something is awry.
How to Calculate the Sell-Through Rate

To determine your sell-through rate, you will need two sets of
data: the total quantity of stock that was available for sale
during the month and the actual quantity that was sold during
that month.

To calculate the sell-through rate, divide the number of goods
sold by the number of goods received from the manufacturer,
then multiply by 100.
Sell-Through Rate = Goods Sold / Goods Received.
Why is the sell-through rate important?
● Your STR is an excellent tool that may assist you in

determining which commodities are now experiencing
the greatest levels of demand. Based on this
information, inventory can be optimized and a more
accurate evaluation of customer demand can be
made.
● If your sell-through rate is low, you may be

overstocking and retaining more products than you
need at any given moment. You may be able to reduce
your storage expenses with the help of your STR.
● Keeping an excessive quantity of inventory can be

costly, especially when it comes to purchasing things
that will soon become outdated or are out of season,

such as canned foods, frozen dinners, and clothing
items. Furthermore, storing unsold items takes up
valuable storage space that might be utilized to keep
things that are more likely to be purchased by your
company's customers.
● Many different retailers attempt to compensate for

supply delays by over-ordering, and, as a
consequence, they overstock before they even know
which goods will be in the most demand at any
particular moment. You can use your STR to get a clear
understanding of what is hot in sales so that you can
communicate with your suppliers and stock up on
items that are doing well.
● With the help of your STR, you will be able to keep

track of your monthly earnings and uncover new ways
to enhance sales from a number of sources. Your retail
company's performance can be examined from every
angle conceivable when seen through the prism of
STR's ability to measure sales.
How to Increase Your Sell-Through Rate

● If you see a downward trend in the pace at which you
can sell your goods, you may want to consider
lowering the quantity of inventory you have on hand. If
sales are not reaching your goals, you may decide to
discontinue selling some goods or completely replace
them.
● If you're selling your products at full price, but sales

aren't moving as quickly as you'd like, the problem
might be the quantity of inventory you bought. It
makes perfect sense to reduce the price of current
items in order to make room for new supplies.
Take note that, although this may seem to be an

appealing approach for generating sales, doing it will
diminish your profit margins. Keep your break-even
point in mind at all times while running discounts and
promotions, and only use discounts and promotions on
very rare occasions.
● Stores often use product bundles as a means of

up-selling, cross-selling, and convincing consumers to
purchase more items.
This is a wonderful approach to selling things that are

moving slowly as well as additional stock, which is
particularly useful if your products have a short shelf
life or if they are out of season.
● Growing the number of people who shop at your store

may lead to an improvement in the sell-through rate
that is attained there. Because you need to get more
people to know about your retail business, you should
consider a wide variety of different marketing
strategies.
To attract new customers, you may want to investigate

the possibility of collaborating with large shops on
programs that promote your brand and the products
you sell. These approaches might include remarketing
efforts that are centered on a certain brand or product,
commercials, or posts and stories on Instagram.
Inventory Shrinkage
Inventory shrinkage is a situation in which actual inventory
levels are lower than expected. Products are vanishing
before they can even be sold, and there must be a reason for
this. Retailers aren't the only ones bothered by lost
merchandise. It happens across the supply chain, starting
with the production process and extending all the way to the
end.

How to Calculate Inventory Shrinkage?
To calculate inventory shortage, subtract the actual inventory
from the quantity of inventory recorded, then divide by the
recorded inventory.
If you recorded 300 products from your suppliers and only

counted 240, then your inventory shortage would be:
Inventory Shortage = 300 - 240 / 300 = 0.2, or 20% when

multiplied by 100.
How to Control Inventory Shrinkage?
● Security
Monitoring devices, such as ink-blot tags in clothes
shops and magnetic scanners in electronics stores,
may aid in the prevention and detection of theft both
inside and outside a business.
When conventional identifying techniques, such as ink

or magnetic tags, are impractical, video surveillance

systems may be quite useful.
You could also hire loss prevention personnel.

However, while they’re nice to have, they're not
absolutely necessary unless they're worth it.
● Par Levels
A "par level" is the quantity of inventory that must be
maintained on hand between shipments to ensure that
the company can satisfy the needs of its customers.
You may limit the chance of things going stale before
their use-by date by appropriately configuring your
inventory's par levels. Furthermore, you'll have
additional shelf space for other goods that might,
possibly, bring in more money.
● Train Your Staff.

Shrinkage may be significantly reduced when all
employees follow the same set of standard operating
procedures. As a result, the company's earnings will
rise. Every member of the team must understand the
inventory flow and how they can contribute most
effectively to it. This often requires training employees
on how to use inventory management systems, as well
as how the program's insights and analyses might be
used in different situations.
● Increase the frequency at which you take inventory.

The frequency with which you conduct inventory
counts is an important factor in determining how to
stop shrinkage loss. You should preferably take stock
of everything once a week. Once a month is an
appropriate frequency. Any longer than that, and you
increase your chances of experiencing the negative
effects of shrinkage.
● Automate your inventory processes.

If you make errors when hand-counting your inventory,
the rate of shrinkage will rise. Before you can take
further action regarding shrinkage, you must first get
accurate data. You can ensure the accuracy of your
data by automating your inventory count. Some good
inventory management programs you can use to
automate your counts include EZOfficeInventory,
TopShelf Inventory Management, BlueCart, SIMMS
Inventory Management, etc.
Gross margin return on investment (GMROI)
Gross Margin Return On Investment (GMROI) is a ratio that

can be used to determine whether a business is making
money off of its inventory or not. This ratio reflects a
company's ability to turn its inventory into cash at a rate that
is greater than the cost of the inventory.
What Is a Good GMROI in Retail?

If your GMROI is more than one dollar, this implies that you
are profiting from your inventory. However, it is likely that this
profit will not be sufficient to cover all of your company's

expenses. As a result, even if the GMROI is positive, it is
possible that it is not high enough to save the business from
failing.
Because each business is unique, management may find it

difficult to compute an accurate GMROI. This is owing to the
fact that the average GMROI may differ quite a bit depending
on the kind of company and market share.
Therefore, a "good" gross margin return on investment will be

determined by the degree of control that merchants have
over both expenses and prices (GMROI).
The gross margin return on investment will be lower for

merchants that work with suppliers who dictate costs, as well
as those who operate in hypercompetitive industries. The
gross margin return on investment (GMROI) of specialized
stores that create their own products will be greater.
How to Calculate the Gross Margin Return on Investment

(GMROI)
To calculate GMROI, divide gross margin (revenue - COGS) by
average inventory cost.
Gross margin / Average Inventory Cost = GMROI

Why is GMROI Important?
Because of GMROI, retailers can better assess the amount of
money they gain for each dollar they spend. As a result, the
fact that the inventory isn't selling well indicates that their
product pricing may be too high. However, lowering the price
may result in a decrease in the gross margin earned by the
company.
How to Increase Gross Margin Return on Investment?

● Reduce Inventory Cost
● Make an accurate forecast of your true demand

by taking into account historical data, seasonal
patterns, shifting dynamics in the competitive
environment, and any other factors that
influence the likelihood that customers will
patronize your company.
● Use data from the past to help you build a more

effective plan for purchasing new things.
Maintain a keen awareness not just of the
things you acquire, but also of the times at
which you do so. If you buy inventory too far in
advance and fail to take into account future
demand, you run the risk of ending up with
unsold goods (also known as "dead inventory").
● Any products that are unsalable should be

disposed of as quickly as possible or utilized as
a tax write-off. Write-offs are possible in the
event that deadstock is merged with moving
products, returned (assuming that this is
something that is approved by your agreement
with the supplier), or donated to a charity
organization.
● Optimize Your Prices

Altering the prices might potentially provide some
challenging obstacles. It may seem that raising prices
is an easy method for boosting sales and gross margin
return on investment (GMROI), but this is not always
the case in all circumstances. This is because high
prices can cause customers to move on to your
competitors for the same products.
It is a good idea to do an analysis of the market data

before making any changes to your rates. This will
allow you to search for key points in the market that, if
they were to be reached, would cause you to go out of
business.
Foot traffic
The quantity of income generated by enterprises is
determined by foot traffic. However, attracting new customers
to your conventional storefront site is a continuous challenge.
While this challenge is inconvenient, increased foot traffic
leads to an increase in the quantity of money you take in.
Along with that, meeting with customers face-to-face is also
an excellent way of not just developing rapport, but also

winning their trust.
What is foot traffic in retail?

The term "foot traffic" is often used in the retail industry to
refer to the number of customers who enter a business
storefront. While a number of different variables, the location
of your shop being the most important of them, may have an
effect on the amount of foot traffic that you get, more
customers almost always result in an increase in revenue.
Why is tracking foot traffic important?

The use of foot traffic analysis is something that a lot of
businesses are turning to in order to enhance their internal
processes and understand more about their customer base.
One of the most significant benefits is the possibility of
improving staffing schedules. This enables businesses to
schedule more workers during busy times and to organize
inventory duties during less hectic times. The analysis of foot
traffic is also helpful in determining how factors such as the
climate and the activities of the community could have an
effect on marketing efforts.
How do you measure foot traffic?

Finding an accurate way to count foot traffic is a significant
challenge for retail establishments. What you want to achieve
with the data that you collect will have a strong influence on
how you go about monitoring the amount of foot traffic.
For the purpose of determining the amount of foot traffic, it is

not necessary to stand at the door and manually count each
person as they enter the building.
Utilizing electronic people counters and software designed

specifically for monitoring foot traffic enables you to keep

track of the flow of customers through your retail
establishment in real-time. When you automate the process
of counting individuals, you not only get more accurate data
and conversion rates, but you also free the time of your staff
so that they can concentrate on activities that are beneficial
to you and your customers rather than spending their time
hand-counting visitors.
How to increase foot traffic?

A strong online presence is an essential need for every
company, but it is increasingly important for businesses that
operate out of traditional storefronts.
When it comes to establishing a name for a shop and gaining

a positive reputation in the community that surrounds it,
having a robust online presence on social media and a
business listing on websites such as Yelp, Google My
Business, and Apple Maps work hand in hand with one
another. These websites are examples of those that work
hand in hand in helping customers find your business. It is
crucial that your company be able to be discovered quickly
and easily, due to the fact that close to two-thirds of all local
searches result in a click on either "Get Directions" or "Click
to Call".
Putting on events and activities within the shop might be

another successful strategy for attracting consumers. If a
company provides free product samples or demos, in-store
classes, or other types of activities, they may entice more
customers to visit their retail location, some of whom may
even stay to make a purchase.
Retention
In the retail business, "customer retention" refers to a
company's ability to both gain new customers and keep
existing ones as loyal patrons. You want customers who are

loyal to your brand, who purchase from you often, who are
happy with your products, and who enthusiastically tell their
friends about your business, rather than customers who just
buy from you once.
Foot traffic and digital traffic
In the retail industry, key performance indicators (KPIs) like

website and foot traffic are very important for determining
whether your promotional activities have resulted in a
positive commercial outcome or not.
Individuals who enter your business storefront are measured

by foot traffic, whereas website traffic measures people who
see your site. When it comes to the offline world, whether
you've been successful or not will be determined by how
interesting your storefront display or advertising effort is.
When it comes to advertising on the internet, spending
money on advertisements is the key to acquiring customers.
After the campaign is over, you will need to look at the final
numbers to determine whether your efforts were worthwhile
or not.

Same-store sales
This has been explained under Same-store sales.
12. Distribution-based
business model metrics & KPIs
In the distribution sector, a key performance indicator, also
known as a KPI or metric, is a statistic that a firm uses to
analyze the success of its operations. These metrics help
businesses determine which portions of their operations are
successful and which need to be improved by assisting them
to track certain quantifiable components of their businesses
in order to reach this conclusion.
Put Away Cycle Time

After they have been delivered, the products are put away in
storage. With the help of this key performance indicator (KPI),
you will be able to determine the typical amount of time
required to shelve items at the distribution center. This
process might be made more effective by, among other
things, reorganizing the warehouse, improving the training of
the workers, or using an automation system for this process.
Order Lead Time

Order lead time calculates the time it will take for orders to
reach customers. After an order has been placed, the amount
of time it takes to fulfill that order and send it to the client is
calculated. Customers like having access to this information
because it helps them to better organize their schedules.
Perfect Order Rate

While nothing is ever perfect, distribution facilities continue to
strive toward perfection. The total number of orders sent out
from the distribution center and finished without mistake is

monitored by the Perfect Order Rate KPI. Since the
introduction of fully automated storage facilities, there has
been a general trend toward increased usage of this
distribution metric across the industry. Below is the formula
for finding Perfect Order Rate:
(Percentage of Orders Delivered on Time) x (Percentage of

Completed Orders) x (Percentage of Orders Damage Free)
x (Percentage of Orders with Accurate Documentation) x
100 = Perfect Order Rate.
Back Order Rate

The Back Order Rate determines the total number of orders
that were unable to be fulfilled at the time of the original
purchase.
It is OK to have periodic back order increases, since they can

be brought on by unforeseen situations that lead to an
increase in customer demand. A rate that is continuously
high, on the other hand, may be an indication of poor
planning or inefficient handling of stocks.
If you consistently have a high back order rate, you will

eventually lose customers, since you will have to make them
wait while you work to fulfill their orders.
How to calculate Back Order Rate?

To calculate the back order rate, divide the number of
unfulfilled orders by the total number of orders, then multiply
by 100. In essence:
Number of unfulfilled orders / Total Number of Order x 100

= Back Order Rate
If you had a total of 500 orders in a month and 40 were

unfulfilled, your back order rate would be 0.08 or 8%.

Lost Sales
This metric helps distribution companies determine the
number of sales because of customers that decide not to use
their services anymore.
There are numerous instances in which a potential customer

may ask for a price quote from your company, but they will
ultimately decide not to use your services. By monitoring this
metric, your company will have a better understanding of
what modifications, if any, need to be made with regard to
price, customer service, customer experience, or delivery
time.
How to calculate Lost Sales?

To calculate lost sales, divide the number of sales completed
by the total number of quotes, then subtract your result from
1. To make it a percentage, multiply by 100.
(1 - (Number of sales / Number of quotes)) x 100 = Lost

Sales
If you received 764 quotation requests in a month and only

completed 735 sales, your lost sales would be 3.79%.
Picking and Packing Cost

This distribution indicator computes the total amount of
money that a firm spends in the warehouse or order line
carrying out operations such as the labeling and packing of
products, as well as other related tasks.
There is a cost associated with every single facet of operating

a business. The majority of businesses partition their
expenditures over a wide variety of categories, including
labor, assets, fixed costs, and so on. The costs associated
with picking and packaging, on the other hand, are
considered variable expenses within the distribution industry

and can be regulated.
Even though picking and packing are more time-consuming

and expensive than other business operations, these
activities should never be undermined since they are critical
to a company's success owing to the direct impact they have
on a customer's degree of satisfaction with the service they
get.
Picking Accuracy
This key performance indicator determines the percentage of
orders that are picked and packed correctly without making
any mistakes at any point throughout the process.
Assessing the correctness of order picking should also be

done in addition to monitoring the order lead time. This is due
to the fact that incorrect orders might result in the goods
being sent back, longer delivery times, a greater return rate,
as well as a variety of other issues.
How to calculate Picking Accuracy?

To calculate picking accuracy, divide the number of
accurately picked orders (perfect order rate) by the total
number of orders, then multiply by 100.
(number of accurately picked orders / total number of

orders) x 100 = Picking Accuracy
Receiving Cycle Time

Receiving cycle time is a metric used to estimate the average
time it will take to process incoming inventory. This includes
recording it, classifying it, and finally storing it.
When the inventory is received, the distribution process

begins. As a consequence, it is critical to ensure that high
levels of effectiveness are maintained at the beginning of the

process. Bottlenecks in reception will eventually cause issues
in other phases of the distribution process as well.
How to calculate Receiving Cycle Time?

To calculate receiving cycle time, divide the amount of time it
takes to process received stock by the number of items
received.
Time it takes to process received stock / number of items

received = Receiving Cycle Time
Returns Due to Improper Shipment

This distribution KPI represents, as a percentage of the total
number of items shipped, the total number of items returned
as a result of improper products. Hence, your objective
should be to attain as low of a number as possible for it.
Labor and Equipment Utilization

This metric measures the utilization rate of company workers
and equipment.
If you make use of this indicator, you will be able to obtain a

good idea of how well the staff at your distribution center and
the equipment that it employs are being put to use in order to
fulfill their duties. When a distribution company allows its staff
and equipment to stay inactive for extended periods of time,
the company's finances are at risk of suffering considerable
losses.
A warehouse's equipment utilization rate may be negatively

impacted by a variety of issues, including outdated or badly
maintained warehouse infrastructure, insufficient sales
forecasting, and inefficient use of warehouse resources. If this
KPI has a low value, it may indicate that the firm is
squandering money on needless equipment, that the
warehouse does not have enough personnel, or that the

organization is struggling with wholesale or retail sales and/or
customer retention.
How to calculate Labor and Equipment Utilization?

To calculate labor and equipment utilization, divide the actual
output of your distribution center by its maximum output
potential, then multiply by 100.
(Actual Output / Maximum Output Potential) x 100 = Labor

and Equipment Utilization
Order Cycle Time

Order cycle time is the average length of time it takes to ship
a product from the time it was ordered, with the exception of
the time it takes for the order to go through the shipping
process.
Why is order cycle time important?

● Analyzing the level of satisfaction of customers
The time it takes to fulfill a customer's request may
either improve or reduce their overall level of
satisfaction with the service provided. Customers are
more likely to become unsatisfied when the order
cycle time is excessively lengthy, since this may result
in delays in order fulfillment and delivery. Short order
cycle times allow you to provide a more efficient
experience for clients throughout the fulfillment
process, which may lead to higher customer
satisfaction.
● Identifying problems in the supply chain

The time it takes for an order to cycle through your
distribution center might be a good indication of
supply chain difficulties that are contributing to order
fulfillment delays. When your order cycle time is

unusually lengthy, there may be inefficient or
unnecessary processes in your supply chain process.
Depending on how lengthy your order cycle time is,
these stages may be improved or omitted completely.
● Scalability Assessment
The time it takes to process an order is an important
indicator for establishing if your firm is ready to grow.
In order to grow your business, you'll need a reliable
supply chain that can handle more orders without
disrupting operations. If the time required to complete
an order is not too lengthy, expanding your business
should not be too tough.
How to calculate order cycle time?

To calculate order cycle time, subtract the product order date
from the delivery date, then divide by the total number of
orders shipped in that period (month or quarter are much
more effective).
Delivery Date - Order Date / Total Number of Orders =

Order Cycle Time
How to improve order cycle time?

● Streamline your warehousing operations.
There is a possibility that inefficiencies in the
warehouse may slow down the order cycle times.
For instance, pickers — do they have an easy time

finding the things that they are looking for? How far
away should the storage racks be from one another in
order for them to be readily moved around? Is there a
reasonable amount of space between the picking area
and the fulfillment area in your facility? The process of
picking items and packing them might be slowed

significantly by any one of these things.
By detecting and eliminating these inefficiencies, you

may reduce the amount of time it takes to process
orders. To get started, you should begin by monitoring
and analyzing the KPIs of your distribution center in
order to identify problem areas. It is probable that you
will need to use warehouse slotting in order to make
the most efficient use of the space you have available
in your warehouse and to boost picking productivity.
● Set effective rules and standards.

To increase order fulfillment, first establish clear rules
and standards for your employees.
Reducing the number of picking batches may aid in

moving orders from shelves to the packing room more
quickly. Sorting or collecting returns may be simpler if
guidelines for how and where to leave them are
established. Controlling the frequency of inventory
reorders helps to avoid overstocking and
back-ordering, which may cause order fulfillment time
to be delayed.
Consider reviewing your late delivery policy.

Establishing instructions for what to do if a delivery
mistake occurs is part of eCommerce order tracking.
Plan when and how you will follow up if an order is
delayed at a certain location.
● Continually monitor cycle time.

Order cycle times may be affected by changes and
disturbances in the supply chain. For example, if an
unforeseen delivery issue arises, the order cycle time
may be much longer than usual. Also, after deploying
an automated warehouse receiving system, you may
notice a significant reduction in the time necessary to

fulfill each order cycle.
If you have a large volume of eCommerce returns to

manage, your warehouse personnel may be unable to
concentrate on fulfillment responsibilities since they
will be too preoccupied registering and categorizing
the returned products.
This statistic is influenced by a broad collection of

factors scattered across your whole supply chain. It is
critical to constantly evaluate and alter the order cycle
time that you have established for your company.
Following that, you may assess if the procedures
involved in your supply chain need to be altered and
improved in order to speed up the process.
● Some aspects of the order cycle may be outsourced.

The order cycle may be sped up in the most efficient
manner by delegating management of the fulfillment
process to a group of specialists. Utilizing the services
provided by third-party logistics partners is one
approach to ensure that orders are received, picked
up, packaged, and sent out in a timely manner. Look
for a third-party logistics provider that is empowered
with technology and can assist you in automating
substantial parts of the fulfillment process, if it is at all
possible to do so.

13. Online educational
business model metrics & KPIs
If you are an online teacher or creator of an online course,
you must keep a close watch on these 4 key learning metrics.
Student Progress
By using a Learning Management System (LMS), you have the
capacity to monitor the progress of individual students as well
as overall progress. It allows you to monitor the performance
of your online students, including how well they are
understanding the material, how long it will take them to
complete each eLearning course, and how well they are
doing overall.
If students taking an online course don't pass the final online

exam, it is logical to presume that they aren't understanding
the subject. However, students who successfully complete an
online course via eLearning run the risk of becoming bored
with the material. This is not a straightforward case of passing
or failing.
Using student progress and completion metrics offered by

your LMS, you may detect problems in the design of your
eLearning course as you track the progress of your students.
Learner Competency
Whatever your priorities are, the end goal is to help your
students become more informed and proficient in the subject
area that they are currently studying. You want your online
students to be able to finish their online assignments, apply
what they've learned, and recall essential information.
Your LMS must be able to assess students' knowledge both

before and after they complete the course. This may take the
form of multiple-choice tests or interactive simulations. The
Learning Management System (LMS) should go one step
further and analyze all of the data from the online exams. For
example, the time required to complete the eLearning
assessment and whether online students have progressed or
not, since the last online test.
It is advisable to do numerous "pop quizzes" on their

competence rather than wait until the very end. Evaluate the
results of each eLearning evaluation and identify any areas
that need more work so that you can go ahead. This gives the
chance to provide additional resources and thereby improve
performance before the competition does.
Instructor Effectiveness
The design of your eLearning course may be well received by
students taking it online, but it is difficult to get an accurate
understanding of how the students genuinely feel about the
instructors.
When it comes to e-learning in the workplace, the

responsibilities of managers, trainers, and supervisors are, for
the most part, interchangeable. These experts are very
important to the field of eLearning. They give continuing
support to individuals who are already familiar with the ins
and outs of the online learning experience, while also serving
as a resource for those who are new to it. As a result, they are
obligated to treat the position they have in the eLearning
community with the seriousness it deserves and participate
actively in the community.
Using anonymous online polls and questionnaires is a

fantastic way to get a feel for how effectively a professor or
supervisor is doing in their role. With this, people do not have
to worry about being punished for freely expressing their
opinions.

Customer Satisfaction
Your e-learning platform may be running smoothly until you
take a poll and the results do not seem to meet your
expectations. You may reject the negative assessments since
you have spent a significant amount of time on your
programs and, as a result, have a strong attachment to them.
However, it is critical to take a step back and examine the
eLearning course's design.
eLearning course evaluation and customer satisfaction

ratings are among the most important LMS indicators. This is
because they ask the appropriate questions and provide the
answers we need to hear but may not have considered or
don't want to consider.
By using customer satisfaction assessment metrics, you can

get answers to questions, such as:
● What do your online learners think about the

eLearning program?
● Is there anything they believe needs to be done?
● Would they recommend this platform to a friend or

coworker?
A survey or poll is a good way to get answers to these

important issues. All of this data will subsequently be
collected and processed by the LMS. To aid with data
comprehension, several LMSs create charts, graphs, and
tables.

14. Drop-shipping business
model metrics & KPIs
Inventory Feed Score
Throughout the drop-shipping process, a supplier retains
ownership of the products and is obliged to put aside
inventory, packing material, and other supplies. If you want to
provide satisfactory service to your clients, you must have
real-time insight into their inventory quantities. You will be
able to acquire an accurate picture of what is currently
available if you ensure that the suppliers are reporting
inventory feeds in accordance with the service level
agreement (SLA) that they have in place. This will allow you to
make more informed business choices.
On-Time Delivery
The "on-time delivery" indicator is a KPI used by eCommerce
businesses and delivery companies to evaluate their capacity
to complete an order for a customer by the originally
specified delivery date. This date is referred to as the
"promised delivery date".
Why On-Time Delivery Metrics Matter?

It is essential that your delivery comes on time if you want to
cultivate a loyal following among your customers. If you are
able to live up to the standards set by your customers and
maintain a consistent level of service, they will keep coming
back for more.
Nevertheless, the information that OTD provides regarding

your fulfillment or shipping procedures is very important.
When your company misses deadlines for delivering items or
services, it's usually a warning sign that you have other
problems inside the company that need to be addressed.
How to Calculate Your On-Time Delivery Metrics?
To calculate on-time delivery, divide the total number of
deliveries by the number of deliveries that didn’t arrive at the
specified date.
In the vast majority of cases, OTD is calculated by making use

of a window that starts five days before the delivery due date.
For example, if a product is scheduled to be delivered on the
23rd of December, and it arrives between the 19th and the
23rd, your company could consider this to be an on-time
delivery. From your perspective, once the 23rd of December
has passed, it is already too late.
How to Improve Your On-Time Delivery Metrics?
● Establish an internal goal for your percentage of

on-time deliveries to use as a baseline against which
to judge future performance, and use this goal to
reach your company's overall on-time delivery rate
target. Use a scorecard to keep track of employee
performance, and provide rewards to staff members if
they are successful in meeting their targets.
● Consult with your staff in order to figure out what

factors are contributing to the delays and how to
improve overall efficiency levels.
● Investing in inventory management software can help

you prevent running out of stock and improve
inventory organization, making it easier to locate
individual goods as well as the many sizes and colors
they come in. In addition, enterprise resource planning
(ERP) software may be of assistance in the
management and enhancement of the whole supply
chain.

● Processing time for an order is extended when it
involves an item that requires extra packaging. You
may increase the effectiveness of your supply chain by
lowering the total quantity of packaging that you
utilize. If you can fit everything into only a few boxes,
by all means, do so. Otherwise, use just the minimum
amount of protective wrapping that is necessary.
● Stop the time-consuming and inefficient procedure

known as "single-order picking", in which your workers
scour the warehouse for each individual item that is
part of a single order. This is the method that is used
the most often, but it is also the one that takes the
most time. You may want to think about switching to an
alternative method of picking, including zone picking,
cluster picking, or batch picking. When you use these
tactics, the amount of time required to process orders
will be cut down significantly.
Order Fill Rate

The order fill rate is expressed as the percentage of placed
orders that are successfully fulfilled on the very first shipment.
For example, if a customer requests 100 different items, but
you only have 10 of those items in-store, your order fill rate
would be 90%.
How to Calculate the Order Fill Rate?

To calculate the order fill rate, divide the total number of
items shipped to the customer by the total number of items
ordered, then multiply by 100.
(No. of Items Delivered / No. of Items Ordered) x 100 =

Order Fill Rate
If the customer ordered 100 items and only 90 were in stock,

this would be the formula for your order fill rate:

Order Fill Rate = (90 / 100) x 100 = 90%
15. Cash machine business

model metrics & KPIs
Because revenue is based on very minor gains for each
transaction, machine owners must closely monitor KPIs to
optimize earnings. Having a detailed record and keeping an
eye on your numerous locations will assist you to get the
most out of your business.
There are many factors to consider when choosing a location

for a vending machine or ATM firm. If you put your business in
a high-traffic area, you will benefit from higher transaction
fees, an increase in the number of transactions, and low
service costs. You will be rewarded for your efforts if you
concentrate on these key performance indicators and
appropriately optimize them.
Unit Quantity and Location

The more machines you have, the more money you will
generate overall, but you have to make sure that each unit is
recorded according to its location. This includes the actual
location, which might be as detailed as a street or block
number. This is something that has to be taken into
consideration because different locations have different
amounts of traffic and therefore revenue from these locations
will vary; for example, ATMs in barbershops may have a lower
potential for profit than those in restaurants. Having an
understanding of how various locations perform might be
beneficial when making future plans.

Performance of Each Unit
It is critical to recognize that each machine is unique and has
its own set of traits, variances, and quirks. However, the fact
that two of the machines that you would expect to earn the
same amount are not doing so should serve as a cautionary
indicator that there may be maintenance difficulties or
restricted access during specific hours that are interfering
with the machine's operation.
Uptime and Downtime by Unit

Always keep an eye out for anything that seems to be out of
the norm. There will be no profit if the card readers are
broken, there is insufficient receipt paper, or there is
insufficient cash in the ATMs. If no one can utilize the
machine, there is no way for it to generate revenue. If you
discover tendencies based on machine OS, brand, or
location, you may be able to better leverage this information
to boost availability and reduce downtime.
Product or Cash Dispensed

Monitoring ATM withdrawals are crucial in order to keep track
of how much money is used and when extra funds should be
added. This is due to the fact that when a cash machine is
constantly out of money, most people will never consider
checking if it's in service ever again. At least with vending
machines, customers have other options if specific food items
run out, which increases the possibility that they will purchase
something different. If this is the case, you must discover
what snacks are popular in different locations so that you can
correctly plan refills.
When it comes to automated teller machines, you should be

familiar with withdrawal rates so that you can arrange refills
ahead of time when the money in them runs out.

Cost of Cash and Product
The cost of cash is more difficult to estimate when compared
to the price of vending machine products. ATM cash
expenditures include both interests on money paid as
machine rent and the economic cost of having your own
money sitting in a machine doing nothing useful for you.
When procuring cash or supplies for your vending machine,
keep transportation and insurance costs in mind.
Profitability
You should think about whether your cash company is
lucrative or not. All of the preceding KPIs pointed toward this
target. Profit should be expected once any abnormalities that
caused downtime have been resolved and the performance
of each individual machine has been evaluated. If it is not
achieved, you might consider canceling your contract
renewals or, if required, terminating them outright.
Contract Status
If you want to avoid losing money on a machine, you must
have a thorough understanding of the contract's terms and
conditions, as well as the deadlines involved. Maintain control
over renewals and contractual dialogues for your most
profitable installations, but be prepared to move on when the
time comes.
If you have a lot of automated teller machines or vending

machines, it may be difficult to keep track of them all (ATMs).
To prevent being caught off guard by contractual deception, it
is necessary to pay particular attention to the intricacies of
contracts, especially given the low transaction costs and a
broad variety of locations and settings. Implementing and
constantly monitoring your key performance indicators is
required for profitable franchise management (KPIs).

CONCLUSION
The review of business models with these metrics is critical
for both investors and other types of businesses.
Startups analyze their business models to ensure that they

have obtained a business model that will allow them to
develop a corporation capable of reaching their objectives.
Companies in operation are analyzing their business models
to identify and correct any shortcomings. Investors carefully
examine a company's business model to decide whether it is
worth investing in.
As a result, the metrics for each business model are the

specific indicators that are used to thoroughly study the
business model in order to aid in the completion of this
analysis easily and professionally. After the business model
has been evaluated using these metrics, it is either approved
as is or adjusted to better suit the aims and aspirations of
each individual company, depending on the findings of the
evaluation.

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owledge/ecommerce-saas/average-order-value-ao
v/
➔ https://gocardless.com/en-us/guides/posts/8-most-i
mportant-kpis-for-a-subscription-business
➔ https://www.wikiaccounting.com/importance-and-li
mitations-of-quick-ratio/
➔ https://www.profit.co/blog/kpis-library/sales/gross-
margin-ratio/
➔ https://opensource.com/business/15/12/top-5-open
-source-community-metrics-track
➔ https://www.bvp.com/atlas/measuring-the-engage
ment-of-an-open-source-software-community
➔ https://www.profit.co/blog/kpis-library/marketing/re
ferral-traffic/
digital-marketing/referral-traffic
➔ https://dashthis.com/kpi-examples/referral-traffic/
owledge/ecommerce-saas/monthly-unique-visitor/
➔ https://growhackscale.com/glossary/unique-visits-
metric
➔ https://useinsider.com/glossary/unique-visitor/
elopment/guide-to-unique-visitors
➔ https://www.plecto.com/kpis/number-of-visitor-pag
eviews/
➔ https://dashthis.com/kpi-examples/pageviews/

➔ https://productmint.com/the-freemium-business-mo
del-a-complete-guide/
➔ https://easy-software.com/en/newsroom/the-p2p-p
rocess-in-figures-the-10-most-important-kpis-at-a-gl
ance/
➔ https://www.mineraltree.com/blog/three-kpis-every
-team-should-measure/
➔ https://www.dooap.com/blog/6-key-kpis-for-how-yo
u-should-measure-ap-efficiency
➔ https://softco.com/blog/7-key-accounts-payable-m
etrics-that-matter-to-your-ceo/
➔ https://www.profit.co/blog/kpis-library/finance/aver
age-payment-period-the-specifics/
elopment/average-payment-period
➔ https://www.carboncollective.co/sustainable-investi
ng/average-payment-period
➔ https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/average-payment-
period/
➔ https://databox.com/how-to-track-affiliate-marketin
g-kpis
➔ https://www.accelerationpartners.com/resources/c
ommon-kpis-affiliate-marketing/#anchor1
➔ https://web.utm.io/blog/affiliate-marketing-kpis/
➔ https://www.singular.net/glossary/return-on-ad-spe
nd-roas/
➔ https://www.bigcommerce.com/ecommerce-answe
rs/what-is-roas-calculating-return-on-ad-spend/
➔ https://madgicx.com/blog/why-is-roas-such-an-imp
ortant-metric-and-how-to-calculate-it
➔ https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/return-on-ad-s
pend

➔ https://monetize.info/affiliate-marketing-metrics-to-t
rack-affiliate-program-performance/
➔ https://hawkemedia.com/insights/facebook-adverti
sing-kpis/
➔ https://www.datapine.com/kpi-examples-and-templ
ates/facebook
➔ https://metricswatch.com/facebook-ads-kpis-to-trac
k/
➔ https://www.datapine.com/blog/facebook-kpis/
➔ https://monetize.info/affiliate-marketing-metrics-to-t
rack-affiliate-program-performance/
➔ https://blog.getrepeat.io/incremental-revenue/
➔ https://smallbusiness.chron.com/calculate-increme
ntal-revenue-marketing-23445.html
➔ https://blog.adstage.io/2018/02/07/how-to-measur
e-incremental-revenue
rs/what-are-cpl-cost-per-lead-campaigns/
digital-marketing/cost-per-lead
➔ https://www.leadboxer.com/blog/cost-per-lead/
➔ https://blog.useproof.com/cost-per-lead
➔ https://www.sisense.com/kpis/sales-kpis/cost-per-l
ead/
➔ https://www.accelerationpartners.com/resources/c
ommon-kpis-affiliate-marketing/#anchor1
➔ https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/returnoninve
stment.asp
➔ https://www.leaddyno.com/how-to-measure-affiliat
e-engagement-tips-to-improve-it/
➔ https://www.leaddyno.com/how-to-measure-affiliat
e-engagement-tips-to-improve-it/

owledge/ecommerce-saas/average-order-value-ao
v/
mples/average-order-value/
➔ https://www.shopify.com/blog/average-order-value
➔ https://www.optimizely.com/optimization-glossary/a
verage-order-value
➔ https://roardigitalmarketing.co.uk/what-is-quality-tr
affic/
➔ https://www.crazyegg.com/blog/metrics/
➔ https://terakeet.com/blog/seo-metrics/
➔ https://www.tune.com/blog/3-tips-for-earnings-per-
click-campaigns/
➔ https://optinmonster.com/earnings-per-click-affiliate
-marketing/
➔ https://popupsmart.com/blog/earnings-per-click-ep
c-marketing
➔ https://agencyanalytics.com/blog/agency-metrics-k
pis-profitability-growth
➔ https://blog.hubspot.com/sales/sales-qualified-lead
mples/mql-to-sql-conversion-rate/
➔ https://agencyanalytics.com/blog/agency-margins
➔ https://productive.io/blog/how-to-increase-agency-
profit-margins/
➔ https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cash-flow-fr
om-operating-activities.asp
owledge/accounting/cash-flow-from-operations/
owledge/accounting/operating-cash-flow/

➔ https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/cash-flow-from-op
erations/
➔ https://www.workamajig.com/blog/utilization-rate
➔ https://productive.io/blog/agency-utilization-rate-th
e-most-important-metric-for-your-business/
➔ https://sendpulse.com/support/glossary/unsubscrib
e-rate
➔ https://www.sendx.io/help/unsubscribe-rate
➔ https://www.oberlo.com/ecommerce-wiki/unsubscri
be
➔ https://www.klipfolio.com/metrics/marketing/email-
unsubscribe-rate
➔ https://www.campaignmonitor.com/resources/know
ledge-base/what-is-a-good-unsubscribe-rate/
➔ https://optinmonster.com/10-proven-ways-to-reduc
e-email-unsubscribe-rates/
➔ https://salesblink.io/blog/how-to-reduce-email-unsu
bscribe-rate
➔ https://www.profit.co/blog/kpis-library/sales/repeat-
purchase-volume/
mples/percent-returning-customers/
➔ https://ometria.com/blog/how-to-calculate-repeat-p
urchase-rate-in-ecommerce
➔ https://blog.getrepeat.io/increase-repeat-purchase-
rate/
➔ https://www.yaguara.co/metric-handbook/repeat-p
urchase-rate
➔ https://www.theseventhsense.com/blog/data-back
ed-strategies-to-increase-your-average-repeat-pur
chase-rate
➔ https://www.littlestreamsoftware.com/articles/high-r

epeat-purchase-rate-excellent-measure-store-succ
ess/
➔ https://www.metrilo.com/blog/repeat-purchase-rate
digital-marketing/returning-visitor-metric
turning-visitors-metric/
➔ https://databox.com/new-vs-returning-visitors
➔ https://www.foxmetrics.com/blog/what-is-rate-of-ret
urning-visitors/
➔ https://crowdriff.com/resources/blog/measure-user-
generated-content
➔ https://www.klipfolio.com/blog/content-metrics#Co
ntentMetric20
➔ https://www.searchenginejournal.com/content-mar
keting-kpis/social-media-engagement/
➔ https://www.nosto.com/blog/how-to-measure-user-
generated-content/
➔ https://rockcontent.com/blog/content-marketing-roi
/
➔ https://business.tutsplus.com/tutorials/content-mar
keting-metrics-how-to-measure-your-roi--cms-2641
5
➔ https://uhurunetwork.com/cost-content-marketing-
customer-acquisition/
➔ https://flyingcatmarketing.com/content-marketing/c
ost-content-marketing/
➔ https://www.growandconvert.com/content-marketin
g/customer-acquisition-cost/
➔ https://www.growthramp.io/articles/content-custom
er-acquisition-cost
➔ https://backlinko.com/hub/seo/bounce-rate

➔ https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/what-is-bounc
e-rate-fix
➔ https://yoast.com/understanding-bounce-rate-goog
le-analytics/
➔ https://theonlineadvertisingguide.com/glossary/bo
unce-rate/
➔ https://www.thebritagency.com/inbound-marketing-
blog/why-are-website-bounce-rates-so-important
➔ https://www.bluecorona.com/faq/what-is-bounce-ra
te-and-is-it-important/
digital-marketing/bounce-rate
➔ https://theonlineadvertisingguide.com/glossary/bo
unce-rate/
➔ https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/what-is-bounc
e-rate-fix
➔ https://www.semrush.com/blog/bounce-rate/
owledge/ecommerce-saas/engagement-rate/
➔ https://blog.hootsuite.com/calculate-engagement-r
ate/
➔ https://keyhole.co/blog/how-do-i-calculate-engage
ment-rate/
➔ https://www.socialinsider.io/blog/engagement-rate/
➔ https://blog.hubspot.com/blog/tabid/6307/bid/3413
2/how-to-improve-email-clickthrough-rate-by-583.a
spx
➔ https://www.campaignmonitor.com/resources/gloss
ary/click-through-rate-ctr/
➔ https://cxl.com/guides/click-through-rate/email/
ledge-base/what-is-click-through-rate-how-can-ctr-

be-calculated/
➔ https://www.activecampaign.com/blog/email-ctr
➔ https://theonlineadvertisingguide.com/early-train/th
e-difference-between-ctr-and-ctor/
➔ https://www.impactplus.com/blog/ctr-vs-ctor-which-
email-marketing-metric-should-you-be-measuring
➔ https://www.activecampaign.com/blog/email-ctr
email-marketing/email-subscribers-metrics
digital-marketing/pageviews-per-session
➔ https://databox.com/what-is-pages-per-session-and
-how-do-i-improve-it
➔ https://dashthis.com/kpi-examples/pages-per-sessi
on/
➔ https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/chartbeat-web
site-engagement-data-nj
➔ https://jetpack.com/blog/average-time-on-page/
➔ https://www.globalmediainsight.com/blog/avg-time
-on-page-vs-session-duration/
➔ https://www.klipfolio.com/metrics/marketing/averag
e-time-on-page
seo/avg-time-to-new-content
➔ https://www.klipfolio.com/blog/content-metrics#Co
ntentMetric38
seo/click-through-rate
digital-marketing/keyword-performance
➔ https://www.sisense.com/kpis/online-marketing-kpi
s/keyword-performance/

digital-marketing/external-links
➔ https://www.infidigit.com/blog/external-links/
➔ https://www.profit.co/blog/kpis-library/marketing/ex
ternal-website-links/
seo/organic-search-traffic
➔ https://moz.com/learn/seo/domain-authority
➔ https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/domain-author
ity
seo/domain-authority
seo/seo-keyword-ranking
seo/link-building
seo/landing-page-performance-optimization
➔ https://landingi.com/blog/landing-page-kpis/
seo/content-backlog
➔ http://www.curata.com/blog/the-comprehensive-gu
ide-to-content-marketing-analytics-metrics/
➔ https://seochatter.com/what-is-seo-traffic
➔ https://agencyanalytics.com/blog/seo-traffic
seo/seo-traffic
➔ https://www.profit.co/blog/kpis-library/marketing/g
oal-completion-rate/
elopment/goal-completion

digital-marketing/goal-completion-rate
➔ https://www.klipfolio.com/metrics/marketing/goal-c
ompletion-rate
mples/completion-rate/
elopment/goal-completion
digital-marketing/end-action-rate
➔ https://www.profit.co/blog/kpis-library/marketing/en
d-action-rate-kpi/
➔ https://growthvirality.com/digital-marketing-kpis/en
d-action-rate/
digital-marketing/average-lead-score
s/average-lead-score/
➔ https://www.profit.co/blog/kpis-library/marketing/av
erage-lead-score/
➔ https://www.commonality.co/kpi-examples/average
-lead-score
digital-marketing/online-conversions-metric
digital-marketing/sessions-by-device-type
➔ https://www.profit.co/blog/kpis-library/marketing/se
ssions-by-device-type-metric/
digital-marketing/website-traffic-lead-ratio
s/website-traffic-lead-ratio/
➔ https://www.profit.co/blog/kpis-library/marketing/w

ebsite-traffic-lead-ratio/
➔ https://growthvirality.com/digital-marketing-kpis/we
bsite-traffic-leads-ratio/
seo/keyword-opportunity
➔ https://www.profit.co/blog/kpis-library/sales/sales-r
evenue-per-hour/
elopment/sales-per-hour
➔ https://www.synergysuite.com/blog/how-to-calculat
e-sales-per-man-hour/
sales/revenue-per-hour
➔ https://www.logile.com/articles/measuring-retail-pr
oductivity-sales-per-labor-hour-or-items-per-labor-h
our/
➔ https://www.franchise-ed.org.au/franchisee/sales-p
er-labour-hour-important-key-performanc
➔ https://eatingexpired.com/what-does-sales-per-lab
or-hour-mean/
➔ https://databox.com/ecommerce-kpis
➔ https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/cost-per-acqui
sition
➔ https://brandastic.com/blog/what-is-cost-per-acquis
ition-cpa/
mples/cost-per-acquisition-cpa/
➔ https://mountain.com/blog/cost-per-acquisition-calc
ulation-how-much-are-you-paying-for-each-custom
er/
mples/customer-churn-rate/

➔ https://www.namogoo.com/blog/conversion-rate-o
ptimization/revenue-per-visitor/
➔ https://www.omniconvert.com/what-is/revenue-per-
visitor-rpv/
➔ https://www.abtasty.com/blog/revenue-per-visitor/
➔ https://www.glew.io/guides/net-profit-calculate
➔ https://www.fool.com/investing/how-to-invest/stock
s/net-margin/
➔ https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/net_margin.
asp
➔ https://blog.hubspot.com/sales/good-profit-margin-
for-product
➔ https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/122314
/what-difference-between-gross-margin-and-net-m
argin.asp
➔ https://www.abrigo.com/blog/why-is-net-profit-mar
gin-important/
owledge/finance/net-profit-margin-formula/
➔ https://www.getingage.ai/blog/ecommerce-marketi
ng-kpi-measure
mples/shopping-cart-abandonment-rate/
➔ https://databox.com/high-shopping-cart-abandonm
ent-rate-causes
➔ https://www.eshopbox.com/blog/shopping-cart-aba
ndonment-rate
mples/shopping-cart-abandonment-rate/
➔ https://databox.com/improve-add-to-cart-conversio
n-rate

ecommerce/cart-conversion-rate
➔ https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gross-merc
handise-value.asp
owledge/finance/gross-merchandise-value-gmv/
➔ https://www.wallstreetprep.com/knowledge/gross-
merchandise-value-gmv/
elopment/gmv
owledge/finance/gross-merchandise-value-gmv/
➔ https://www.kolsquare.com/en/guide/influencer-ma
rketing-campaigns-a-must-have-for-marketers/studi
es-data/kpis/
➔ https://keyhole.co/blog/influencer-kpis-to-track-eve
ry-campaign/
➔ https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-fin
ance/053015/how-calculate-roi-marketing-campaig
n.asp
➔ https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/measure-cont
ent-marketing-roi
➔ https://www.marketingevolution.com/marketing-es
sentials/marketing-roi
➔ https://barnraisersllc.com/2019/09/14/marketing-roi
-expert-tell-good-roi-learn-why/
➔ https://www.marketingevolution.com/marketing-es
sentials/marketing-roi
➔ https://www.webstrategiesinc.com/blog/what-is-a-g
ood-marketing-roi
➔ https://rockcontent.com/blog/marketing-roi-importa
nce/
➔ https://www.callrail.com/blog/importance-of-roi-wh

y-it-matters-for-all-businesses/
➔ https://www.digital22.com/insights/why-roi-is-impor
tant-in-marketing
➔ https://localiq.com/blog/marketing-roi/
➔ https://www.nimble.com/blog/improve-your-roi/
➔ https://www.klipfolio.com/blog/six-e-commerce-kpi
s-to-track-using-dashboards
➔ https://neatly.io/ultimate-guide-to-ecommerce-metri
cs-30-kpis-explained-where-to-find-them/#product-
affinity
➔ https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketshar
e.asp
➔ https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/should-you-use-
market-share-as-a-metric/
➔ https://visible.vc/blog/how-to-best-evaluate-market-
share/
➔ https://www.buxtonco.com/blog/market-share-the-
most-important-metric-for-business-success
➔ https://www.profit.co/blog/kpis-library/finance/cost-
of-goods-sold/
➔ https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cogs.asp
➔ https://www.netsuite.com/portal/resource/articles/fi
nancial-management/cost-of-goods-sold-cogs.sht
ml
mples/percent-returning-customers/
➔ https://www.omniconvert.com/blog/calculate-repea
t-purchase-rate/
sales/average-profit-margin
➔ https://www.profit.co/blog/kpis-library/sales/averag
e-profit-margin/

➔ https://www.proprofsdesk.com/blog/customer-satis
faction-metrics/
➔ https://www.getfeedback.com/resources/csat/how-
to-measure-customer-satisfaction-kpis/
➔ https://www.shopify.com/blog/7365564-32-key-per
formance-indicators-kpis-for-ecommerce
➔ https://blog.hubspot.com/service/customer-effort-s
core
➔ https://retiba.com/academy/performance-analysis/k
pi-ces/
mples/customer-effort-score/
➔ https://monkeylearn.com/blog/csat-calculation/
mples/customer-satisfaction-csat/
➔ https://www.getfeedback.com/resources/csat/how-
to-use-the-customer-satisfaction-score-cs
➔ https://www.proprofsdesk.com/blog/customer-satis
faction-metrics/
digital-marketing/newsletter-signup-conversion-rat
e
➔ https://www.profit.co/blog/kpis-library/marketing/ne
wsletter-signup-conversion-rate/
➔ http://hindsiteinc.com/blog/newsletter-signup/
➔ https://www.yieldify.com/blog/email-sign-up-forms
➔ https://www.thebalancesmb.com/what-is-social-sen
timent-and-why-is-it-important-3960082
➔ https://sproutsocial.com/insights/social-media-senti
ment-analysis/
➔ https://netbasequid.com/blog/what-is-social-sentim
ent-analysis/

social-media/social-sentiment
social-media/facebook-ads-summary
➔ https://hawkemedia.com/insights/facebook-adverti
sing-kpis/
➔ https://metricswatch.com/facebook-ads-kpis-to-trac
k/
ates/facebook#ad-impressions-reach-frequency
➔ https://www.datapine.com/blog/facebook-kpis/
➔ https://www.socialmediaexaminer.com/how-to-man
age-your-facebook-ad-frequency/
ates/facebook
➔ https://eaglytics-co.com/facebook-kpis-tracking/
➔ https://www.godatafeed.com/blog/using-ad-releva
nce-diagnostics-to-improve-your-facebook-ads
➔ https://www.facebook.com/business/help/43611328
0262012?id=561906377587030
➔ https://www.socialmediaexaminer.com/how-to-mea
sure-facebook-return-ad-spend/
➔ https://www.brandwatch.com/blog/facebook-ad-co
sts-explained-cpm-cpc-cpa-and-more/
➔ https://databox.com/reduce-your-facebook-ad-cpm
➔ https://www.klipfolio.com/metrics/marketing/cost-p
er-pixel
➔ https://seodigitalgroup.com/facebook-pixel/
➔ https://blog.hootsuite.com/facebook-pixel/
➔ https://www.digitalmarketer.com/blog/facebook-ad
vertising-pixels/

social-media/facebook-ads-campaign-performance
➔ https://agencyanalytics.com/blog/facebook-ads-me
trics-to-track
➔ https://moosend.com/blog/email-metrics/#email-list
-growth-rate
➔ https://www.privy.com/blog/email-list-growth
➔ https://www.yaguara.co/metric-handbook/subscrib
er-list-growth-rate
➔ https://www.getvero.com/resources/grow-your-em
ail-list/
rs/what-is-open-rate/
➔ https://adoric.com/blog/increase-you-email-open-ra
te/
➔ https://neverbounce.com/blog/email-open-rates-10
1-everything-you-need-to-know
➔ https://www.apptivo.com/blog/how-to-measure-em
ail-open-rate-and-how-to-increase-yours/
➔ https://www.benchmarkemail.com/blog/email-mark
eting-open-rate/
➔ https://help.campaignmonitor.com/email-open-rate
s
➔ https://neverbounce.com/blog/email-open-rates-10
1-everything-you-need-to-know
➔ https://mailchimp.com/resources/email-marketing-b
enchmarks/
➔ https://adoric.com/blog/increase-you-email-open-ra
te/
email-marketing/email-engagement-score
ledge-base/how-is-audience-engagement-measur

ed/
➔ https://www.emailonacid.com/blog/article/email-ma
rketing/what-is-email-engagement-and-how-do-i-m
easure-it/
➔ https://mailchimp.com/help/about-email-marketing-
engagement/
➔ https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/ctor-vs-ctr
➔ https://theonlineadvertisingguide.com/glossary/cto
r/
➔ https://www.campaignmonitor.com/resources/gloss
ary/click-to-open-rate-ctor
➔ https://www.constantcontact.com/blog/what-is-click
-to-open-rate-in-email-marketing/
➔ https://sendpulse.com/support/glossary/click-to-op
en-rate
➔ https://theonlineadvertisingguide.com/glossary/cto
r/
➔ https://emarketingplatform.com/blog/good-click-to-
open-rate/
➔ https://myemma.com/blog/what-is-a-good-click-to-
open-rate/
➔ https://instapage.com/blog/email-conversion-rate
➔ https://sendpulse.com/support/glossary/email-conv
ersion-rate
➔ https://www.campaignmonitor.com/blog/email-mar
keting/making-sense-email-bounce-rates/
➔ https://sendpulse.com/support/glossary/email-bou
nce-rate
➔ https://theonlineadvertisingguide.com/ad-calculato
rs/email-bounce-rate-calculator/
➔ https://www.cience.com/ciencepedia/email-bounce
-rate

➔ https://www.sendinblue.com/blog/email-bounce-rat
e/
➔ https://www.klipfolio.com/metrics/marketing/email-
bounce-rate
➔ https://outfunnel.com/reduce-email-bounce-rate/
➔ https://www.usebouncer.com/how-to-reduce-spam-
complaint-rate/
➔ https://glockapps.com/blog/definitive-guide-about-
spam-complaints/
➔ https://help.klaviyo.com/hc/en-us/articles/3600579
85791-How-to-Reduce-Spam-Complaint-Rates
➔ https://community.blackbaud.com/blogs/4/4148
➔ https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/metrics-email-
marketers-should-be-tracking
keting/10-email-metrics-you-need-to-impress-in-201
9/
➔ https://marketsplash.com/email-marketing-metrics/
#link9
➔ https://moosend.com/blog/email-metrics/
➔ https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/why-people-fo
rward-emails-data
ledge-base/how-do-you-calculate-email-marketing-
roi/
➔ https://www.benchmarkemail.com/blog/roi-of-email
-marketing/
➔ https://sendpulse.com/support/glossary/email-mark
eting-roi
➔ https://moosend.com/blog/email-marketing-roi/
➔ https://www.lyfemarketing.com/blog/email-marketi
ng-roi

keting/17-email-marketing-metrics-every-email-mar
keter-needs-to-know
➔ https://moosend.com/blog/email-metrics/
➔ https://www.braze.com/resources/articles/10-essen
tial-email-metrics
➔ https://www.dprism.com/insights/revenue-per-emai
l/
➔ https://www.klaviyo.com/blog/revenue-per-recipien
t
➔ https://www.clickz.com/the-value-of-calculating-rev
enue-per-email/50678/
➔ https://oimetrics.com/business/revenue-per-email-s
ent-rpe
➔ https://ecommercefastlane.com/how-to-calculate-y
our-brands-revenue-per-email-send/
➔ https://act-on.com/blog/calculate-email-subscriber-
value/
➔ https://pamneely.com/email-subscriber-value-2/
➔ https://www.demandcurve.com/blog/email-marketi
ng-kpis#kpi-2-revenue-per-subscriber
➔ https://moosend.com/blog/email-metrics/#revenue-
per-subscriber
➔ https://www.wordstream.com/ppc
owledge/ecommerce-saas/pay-per-click-ppc/
elopment/basket-size

➔ https://www.syte.ai/glossary/basket-size/
➔ https://www.klipfolio.com/metrics/marketing/averag
e-basket-size
➔ https://www.shopify.com/retail/retail-metrics#2
owledge/ecommerce-saas/lead-to-customer-conve
rsion-rate/
digital-marketing/lead-conversion-rate
➔ https://www.chilipiper.com/resources/blog/lead-con
version
➔ https://finmark.com/glossary/lead-conversion-rate/
➔ https://databox.com/improve-lead-conversion-rate
➔ https://marketinginsidergroup.com/content-marketi
ng/lead-conversion-rates-average/
➔ https://www.profit.co/blog/kpis-library/marketing/w
eb-traffic-concentration/
➔ https://www.profit.co/blog/kpis-library/marketing/d
ormancy-rate/
➔ https://growthvirality.com/digital-marketing-kpis/do
rmancy-rate/
digital-marketing/dormancy-rate
➔ https://www.profit.co/blog/kpis-library/marketing/cu
stomer-share-by-category/
➔ https://growthvirality.com/digital-marketing-kpis/cu
stomer-share-by-category/
➔ https://www.oberlo.com/ecommerce-wiki/cost-per-
action
➔ https://growhackscale.com/glossary/cost-per-actio
n-metric
➔ https://www.profit.co/blog/kpis-library/marketing/co

st-per-action-cpa/
➔ https://www.poweredbysearch.com/blog/7-marketi
ng-metrics-matter/
digital-marketing/marketing-originated-customers
➔ https://databox.com/improve-your-funnel-conversio
n-rate
➔ https://www.clickfunnels.com/blog/sales-funnel-con
version-rates/
sponse-rate/
➔ https://www.skyword.com/marketing-dictionary/res
ponse-rate
➔ https://theonlineadvertisingguide.com/glossary/res
ponse-rate/
➔ https://www.oberlo.com/ecommerce-wiki/click-thro
ugh-rate-ctr
➔ https://theonlineadvertisingguide.com/ad-calculato
rs/ctr-calculator/
➔ https://directiveconsulting.com/resources/glossary/
click-through-rate/
➔ https://snov.io/glossary/click-through-rate-ctr/
➔ https://www.shopify.com/retail/retail-metrics#2
➔ https://www.investopedia.com/articles/stocks/04/11
0304.asp
➔ https://money-zine.com/definitions/investing-dictio
nary/sales-per-employee-ratio/
➔ https://www.zoho.com/books/guides/what-is-the-dif
ference-between-gross-and-net-profit.html
➔ https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/grossprofit.
asp
➔ https://www.americanexpress.com/en-gb/business/

trends-and-insights/articles/gross-profit-margin-for
mula/
➔ https://www.ntaskmanager.com/blog/business-metr
ics/
➔ https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gross_profit
_margin.asp
mples/gross-profit-margin/
➔ https://www.netsuite.com/portal/resource/articles/fi
nancial-management/gross-profit-margin.shtml
➔ https://smallbusiness.chron.com/gross-profit-margi
n-important-company-60365.html
➔ https://bizfluent.com/info-7906425-good-gross-pro
fit-margin.html
➔ https://www.brex.com/blog/what-is-a-good-profit-m
argin/
➔ https://www.bdc.ca/en/articles-tools/entrepreneur-t
oolkit/templates-business-guides/glossary/gross-pr
ofit-margin-ratio
elopment/how-to-calculate-year-over-year-growth
➔ https://www.sisense.com/blog/calculate-year-year-
growth/
➔ https://www.wallstreetprep.com/knowledge/year-o
ver-year-yoy/
➔ https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inventorytur
nover.asp
owledge/finance/inventory-turnover/
➔ https://www.brightpearl.com/inventory-manageme
nt-system/inventory-turnover
➔ https://www.wallstreetprep.com/knowledge/invent

ory-turnover/
➔ https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/03261
5/what-formula-calculating-inventory-turnover.asp
➔ https://www.easyship.com/blog/inventory-turnover
➔ https://optimoroute.com/inventory-turnover-ratio/
➔ https://www.shopify.com/retail/sell-through-rate
➔ https://www.lightspeedhq.com/blog/sell-through-ra
te/
sales/sell-through-rate
owledge/ecommerce-saas/sell-through-rate/
➔ https://gocardless.com/en-us/guides/posts/how-cal
culate-sell-through-rate/
➔ https://www.bluecart.com/blog/sell-through-rate
➔ https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gmroi.asp
➔ https://www.profit.co/blog/kpis-library/sales/gross-
margin-return-on-investment-gmroi/
➔ https://competera.net/resources/glossary/gross-ma
rgin-return-on-investment
➔ https://retalon.com/blog/what-is-gmroi
➔ https://quickbooks.intuit.com/r/midsize-business/g
mroi-formulas-calculations-for-inventory-analysis-m
ethods/
➔ https://www.shopify.com/retail/gmroi
➔ https://www.shopify.com/retail/foot-traffic
➔ https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/foot-traffic.a
sp#toc-benefits-of-foot-traffic-tracking
➔ https://v-count.com/how-to-measure-foot-traffic/
➔ https://www.shopify.com/retail/customer-retention-r
etail

ates/retail#website-foot-traffic
➔ https://insightsoftware.com/blog/distribution-kpis-a
nd-metric-examples/
➔ https://www.zoho.com/inventory/guides/everything
-you-need-to-know-about-warehouse-kpis.html
supply-chain/perfect-order-rate
➔ https://www.profit.co/blog/kpis-library/supply-chain
/perfect-order-measurement/
supply-chain/back-order-rate
➔ https://opsdog.com/products/percentage-of-sales-l
ost-due-to-supply-issues
➔ https://www.business.com/articles/nicole-pontius-i
mportant-kpis-for-warehouses/
➔ https://opsdog.com/products/order-picking-accura
cy
➔ https://legacyscs.com/warehouse-kpis-to-measure/
➔ https://opsdog.com/products/equipmentforklifts-ca
pacity-used
➔ https://www.shipbob.com/blog/order-cycle-time/
➔ https://accessally.com/blog/learning-metrics-to-trac
k-for-online-courses/
➔ https://elearningindustry.com/lms-metrics-elearning
-professionals-should-look-for
➔ https://edi3.dicentral.com/five-critical-dropship-kpis
-for-retail-edi-ecommerce-managers
➔ https://optimoroute.com/on-time-delivery-metric/
➔ https://www.symbia.com/resources/supply-chain-k
pis-you-should-be-measuring/
➔ https://seller.alibaba.com/businessblogs/pxno4212-
what-is-order-fill-rate-and-why-is-it-important-for-w

holesalers#2
➔ https://www.franchisedirect.com/blog/7-kpis-for-a-s
uccessful-atm-or-vending-machine-franchise
➔ https://blog.bit.ai/business-metrics/
➔ https://todayfounder.com/what-are-the-business-m
odel-metrics-how-do-you-evaluate-any-business-m
odel/
➔ https://itchronicles.com/business-metrics/
➔ https://www.techtarget.com/searchcustomerexperi
ence/definition/business-metric

ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Daniel Pereira is a Brazilian-Canadian entrepreneur that has

been designing and analyzing business models for over 15
years. You can read more about his journey as a Business
Model Analyst here.
E-mail Daniel if you have any questions

at: daniel@businessmodelanalyst.com
You can connect with Daniel at Linkedin:
https://www.linkedin.com/in/dpereirabr/


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Business

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

The Business Model Analyst is a website dedicated to

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

What Are Business Metrics? 25

What Are Kpis? 27

Business Metrics Vs. Kpis 28

Benefits Of Tracking Business Metrics 33

Why Is Kpi Important? 35

The Goals Of Business Model Metrics 38

What Business Metrics Should You Use? 39

Key Business Metrics In Different Business Models 40

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

About The Author 390

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

This super guide will explain the different types of metrics

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

To conduct an accurate analysis of the success of your

Because there are so many distinct kinds of businesses and

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

These are the metrics through which you measure your

For instance, if your company's goal is to increase revenue by

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

In many cases, metrics and KPIs are used interchangeably

With metrics, however, typical business activities of a firm can

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

● KPIs that are closely linked to an end result are

● Metrics and KPIs aren't mutually exclusive, which is

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

● Metrics and KPIs differ in that metrics are narrower in

Example: KPI vs. Metrics

As an illustration of a metric, consider organic incoming traffic

Consider another example. Page views are a marketing

No matter how important it is to a company's bottom line, it is

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

Your goalkeeper, on the other hand, is your key performance

The Relationship Between KPIs

Critical performance indicators (KPIs) are a set of measures

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

This PDF File was purchased by Sami Elmadalla - sami@firstinvestgroup.com

Measuring the indicators that matter most to your company

Measuring important company KPIs has the following six

2. Using comparison research, it is possible to assess