» FRICTION Friction; The force which opposes the relative motion between two surfaces in contact is called friction. The force of friction always opposes the applied force that may be push or pull. | EE Friction opposes relative motion between the surfaces of the book and the table Friction is caused by the irregularities on the two surfaces in contact. Irregularities of the two surfaces lock into one another (interlocking) causing friction, Kctmsentaidaal Spring balance: It is a device used for measuring the force acting on an object. Factors affecting friction: , Friction depends on the nature of surfaces in contact. , Friction is more between rough surface and less is for smooth surface. ¥ Friction depends on how hard the two surfaces press together. » Friction is independent of the area of contact. EE. NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS| cos ee ecessary evil, = a ntia ing various activiti esse! | for doing Vi ‘ot hold articles SU ies of our daily life. tion: re mbler and other thingy Friction is We could n' without friction. > It becomes very dil ction evil: a. a) rials. For example: sole’ chines etc. parts of om a machine is operated, heat generated ch as glass tul fficult to hold a greasy glass. s of shoes, ball bearings, steps of a stair, ¥ Friction produces heat. When causes much wastage of energy. > We deliberately increase friction in results. For Example: S better grip on the floor, Types of friction: Static friction: ‘The force require: moving from rest is a measure of static Sliding friction: The force required to keep tl a measure of sliding friction. The s| than the static friction. Rolling friction: When a body rolls over the surface of another body, the resistance to its movement is called rolling friction. Rolling reduces friction. Sliding friction: > When one body slides over the surface of another body, the resistance to its motion is called sliding friction. It is easier to roll than to slide a body over another. > Common example is use of ball bearing between hubs and the axles of machines. > The wheel is said to be one of the greatest invention of mankind. Fluids: In Science, the common name of gases and liquid is fluids. Fluid friction: > The force exerted by fluids on objects in motion through them is called / fluid friction. The frictional force exerted by fluids is also called drag. » To overcome drag objects are provided with special shape called streamlined. For example, shape of an aero plane, a bird and a fish. some cases to get the desired ‘oles of shoes are grooved. It is done to provide the shoes so that we can walk safely. d to overcome friction at the instant an object starts friction. he object moving with the same speed is liding friction is slightly smaller NARAYANA GROUP OF SCHO!ov! Pe Aue Wa SS ep Bird Aero plane Fish > Streamlined shapes help to reduce friction. Lubricants: The substances which reduce friction are called lubricants. Lubricants form a thin layer on the moving surfaces. So, they do not directly rub against each other. Lubricant Multiple Choice Questions: 1. Friction always (B) (a) helps the motion (b) oppose the motion (c) Both of these (d) none of these 2. ‘Friction isa (a) (a) Contact force (b) non-contract force (c) Magnetic force (d) none of these 3. Smooth surface has (a) (a) Less frictional force (b) more frictional force (c) Sometimes less and sometime more force (d) All the above 4 Substances are called lubricants which are used to (b) (a) Increase friction (b) decrease friction (c) Increase or decrease friction (d) none of these 5. Fluids are (ec) (a) Gases (b) liquids (c) gases and liquids both (d) none of these 6. Which of the following uses spikes in shoes? {e) a) Lawyer b) Doctor c) Rugby player —_d) Painter sy 1 ARAYANA GROUP OF SCHOOLS