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    Development of Management Theories

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    Babatunde Dokun
    The document summarizes the development of different management theories over time from the classical theories developed in the late 19th century to modern behavioral theories in the early 1950s. It describes the key contributors and aspects of scientific management theory by Taylor and Gilbreth, administrative management theory by Fayol, and bureaucratic management theory by Weber during the classical period from 1880-1930. It then discusses the human relations movement led by Mayo from the 1930s-1950s and modern behavioral theory focused on work behavior.

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    Development of Management Theories

    Uploaded by

    Babatunde Dokun
    22 views6 pages
    The document summarizes the development of different management theories over time from the classical theories developed in the late 19th century to modern behavioral theories in the early 1950s. It describes the key contributors and aspects of scientific management theory by Taylor and Gilbreth, administrative management theory by Fayol, and bureaucratic management theory by Weber during the classical period from 1880-1930. It then discusses the human relations movement led by Mayo from the 1930s-1950s and modern behavioral theory focused on work behavior.

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    DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGEMENT THEORIES

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    The document summarizes the development of different management theories over time from the classical theories developed in the late 19th century to modern behavioral theories in the early 1950s. It describes the key contributors and aspects of scientific management theory by Taylor and Gilbreth, administrative management theory by Fayol, and bureaucratic management theory by Weber during the classical period from 1880-1930. It then discusses the human relations movement led by Mayo from the 1930s-1950s and modern behavioral theory focused on work behavior.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    22 views6 pages

    Development of Management Theories

    Uploaded by

    Babatunde Dokun
    The document summarizes the development of different management theories over time from the classical theories developed in the late 19th century to modern behavioral theories in the early 1950s. It describes the key contributors and aspects of scientific management theory by Taylor and Gilbreth, administrative management theory by Fayol, and bureaucratic management theory by Weber during the classical period from 1880-1930. It then discusses the human relations movement led by Mayo from the 1930s-1950s and modern behavioral theory focused on work behavior.

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    EDU 404

    ASSIGNMENT

    DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGEMENT THEORIES (SUMMARY)

    BY
    BABATUNDE DOKUN OLAYINKA
    MATRIC NO : S017180
    LEVEL: 6/6

    DEPARTMENT:
    BUSINESS EDUCATION
    (ACCOUNTING OPTION)
    DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGEMENT THEORIES

    (THE SUMMARY)

    Management is a essential part of any Organization that involves the coordination


    of resources to achieve the desired objectives. In simple terms, managements can
    be defined as the process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the
    efforts of the people working towards achieving organizational goals. It is vital
    function that helps organizations to attain efficiency and effectiveness in their
    operations.

    Overtime, different group of people have suggested different strategies in solving


    the problem of management and these strategies are referred to as the school of
    management thought. According to Babalola and Attanda (2006), there are
    several schools of thought in management theory and these theories are
    evolutionary i.e they build on the strength and weakness of the previous ones.

    There are at least four phases of development in the growth of management


    thoughts which are, 1880-1930, 1931-1950, 1951- 1969 and 1970 till date.

    The classical theory of management was introduced in late 19th century to the
    first half of 20th Century when the organizations were addressing issues of
    industrial management which includes specialization, efficiency and other top
    management decisions. This theories were developed as follows; the Scientific,
    the Administrative, and Bureaucratic Management theories.

    THE SCIENTIFIC THEORY

    It was championed by Fredick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915) who worked in


    Midvale Steel in Philadelphia as machinist and rose to the position of chief
    engineer after earning a degree through evening study. His major concern was to
    increase efficiency in production, and increase pay for workers through higher
    productivity. He emphasized that efficiency can be achieved through workers by;

    Time-study Principle :The standard time to perform the job, setting up the target
    for workers, determining the number of workers required to perform a job).
    Piece-rate Principle: Wages should be proportion to output and the rate based of
    time study principle.
    Separation of Planning from performance principles: Top management decisions
    should be separated from workers to enhance performance.
    Scientific Method of Work Principles: Selecting the best person for job he or she
    is suited scientifically.
    Management – control Principle: Managers should be trained to trained the
    workers.
    Functional Management Principle: The strict application of military principle
    should be considered.

    Henri L. Ganti (1861-1919) was an engineer who worked with Tailor at Midvale
    Steel Company, he strongly support the Taylor’s ideas and did much work on the
    scientific selection of workers and development of incentives bonus system. He is
    more cautious than Taylor in selling and installing his own management methods.
    His major works are (Work, Wages and Profits, Industrial Leadership and
    organization for Work. Grant’s contribution to management includes

    1. Man is goal oriented


    2. Training is the responsibility of management
    3. Task-settling is essential
    4. Authority and Responsibility

    The Cilbreths (Frank B 1868-1924:Lilian 1878-1972): This are famous husband


    and wife that also support the Taylor ideal of Management, he was able to
    combine his and Taylor idea together after meeting him in 1907. He later
    developed three position plan for promotion

    1. That a worker should train his successor


    2. That a worker should carry out his work efficiently
    3. That a worker should also prepare for a higher position in the organization

    His ideas were to encourage an employee development

    The Scientific Management faced some criticisms such as the idea is too
    mechanical, overloading the social needs of workers etc.

    THE ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT THEORY


    This was second in classical school of management thought among the
    proponents are

    Henri Fayol (1841-1925) who is a French industrialist, published a book titled


    Administrative Industrial and Generade where all his ideas on Administrative
    theory was embedded. He sub-divided activities in industrial into six (technical,
    Commercial, Financial, Security, Accounting, Managerial) activities. He was the
    first to give a breakdown of functions of management in his need for
    management training and principles, he set out 14 management principles which
    prospective managers should follow.

    They are ( Division of Labour, Authority and Responsibility, Discipline, Unity of


    Command, Unity of Direction, Subordinate of Individual interest to group interest,
    Remuneration, Centralization, Scalar Chain, Order, Equity, Stability of Tenure,
    Initiative, Espirit de corps)

    Luther – Halsey Gulick 1892-1993) and Lyndall Fowness Urwick (1891-1983) They
    are two ardent follwes of Henri FAyol who expanded the five elements of
    administrative functions and came with acronym POSDCORB as follows (Planning,
    Organising, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting, Budgeting)

    THE BUREAUCRATIC MANAGEMENT THEORY

    This model was developed by a German Sociologist MAX WEBER (1864-1920). This
    form the third stream under the classical management thought. He works on
    organization structure by splitting an organization into hierarchies and
    establishing strong lines of authority and control. His features are; Administrative
    class, Hierarchy of Authority, Division of work and specialization, Official Rules,
    Impersonal Relationship, Official Records).

    There are benefits of Bureaucracy such as efficiency when it is well planned and
    organized, it makes management to be easy since employees are bound to follow
    the rules and regulations, the bureaucratic is impersonal hence the selection
    process and promotion procedures are based on merit and expertise. Also the
    organization does not suffer when some people leave it. Etc
    The bureaucratic model also faced with some disadvantages such as it suffer to
    much red tape and paper work, it is career oriented , it encourage monopoly of
    information by superior officer etc.

    The bureaucratic model also faced some criticism such as Reliance on Experience,
    the assumptions made by the classical theories were not based on scientific tests.
    They were only on value judgment that expressed the way they believe.

    THE HUMAN RELATION THEORY

    This type of theory started 1930s – 1950s. with different view from scientific
    theories which treated human being as mere machine. Peretomode (2012),
    claimed that classical idea under estimated the human motivation and behavior in
    Management of Organization.

    The human relation theory was championed by Elton Mayo, , Roathllisberger,


    Dickson and Follat who conducted series of studies at the Hawthome plant in
    Illinois USA.

    Mary Parker (1868-1933) :She is a social worker management consultant, she


    believe that group organization not only helps society but also help to improve
    their lives. She believes that when people meet, they know each others more and
    that diversity was the key ingredients of community and democracy. She
    identified four key as building all effective management

    1. Coordination by direct contact of all the people involved in whatever


    capacity
    2. Coordination as a continuing process
    3. Coordination in the early stages
    4. Coordination as the reciprocal to all the factors in a situation. These are
    called follet’s principles of organization

    ELTON MAYO (1880-1949): The professor WAS BORN IN Australia in 1980. He was
    a philosopher and author and others. His conclusion from Hawthome studies
    were about the impact of social and peer group on the better functioning of
    organization, he claimed that being an individual cannot performed as a group.
    His major contributions are ; Human Relation Approach, Non-Economic Rewards,
    Social Man and Organization as a social system. He was also faced with criticisms.
    DOUGLAR MCGREGOR (1906-1964): Was an American social psychologist. In his
    book titled the human side of Enterprise, he examined the behaviours of
    individuals with his model Theory “X” and Theory “Y”

    MODERN BEHAVIOURAL THEORY

    This theory was developed in early 1950s. according to Adeyemi (2006) the thory
    has its focus on work behavior, the way people behave in a work environment. It
    is believed that people behavior influenced productivity of workers which will
    have direct effect on organization goals and efficiency. There are researchers in
    this school of thought such as Chester I Barnard, Herbert Simon etc.

    REFERENCE

    Martin H. (2007): Weakness of the Classical Management theories retrieved on

    line from http:// www.en.articlesdratiits.com

    Peretomode, V.F. (2012): Theories of management: Implication for ecucational

    administration. Benin – City: Justice Jeco Printing and


    Publishing Global.

    Turan . A.E (2008) A discussion on the application of two factors, X and Ytheoroes

    in Classroom management. American Eurasian Journal of


    Scientific Research 3(1):111

    Ibukun, W.O (1997): Educational Management: Theory and Practice Lagos Green

    Line Publishers.

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