Project Report

Project Report
Project Name: Automatic Room Lighting using

Arduino & PIR Sensor
Faculty: Mosabber Uddin Ahmed (MUA3)
Course: CSE323
Submitted By:
Labiba Faizah
ID: 2012230642
Section: 04
Group Members:
Nahian Sarower Siam ID:1631954642
Faiaz Khan ID: 1912414642
Md Muktadir Hossain ID:1530370042
Introduction:
PIR (passive infrared) sensors utilise the detection of infrared that is radiated from all objects
that emit heat. This type of emission is not visible to the human eye, but sensors that operate
using infrared wavelengths can detect such activity.
A motion detection light detects movement and turns on automatically when someone
approaches it. Motion detection lights use infrared sensors to detect movement and turn on the
light, saving energy and increasing safety and security.
Objective:
The PIR sensor is mainly used to detect motion by measuring any change in InfraRed levels
emitted by objects. Pyroelectric devices have elements which are made of a crystalline material,
means they generate an electric current when they are exposed to InfraRed radiation. PIR
sensors allow you to sense motion, almost always used to detect whether a human has
moved in or out of the sensors range. They are small, inexpensive, low-power, easy to use
and don't wear out. For that reason they are commonly found in appliances and gadgets used
in homes or businesses. They are often referred to as PIR, "Passive Infrared", "Pyroelectric",
or "IR motion" sensors.
Equipment List:
1) Arduino UNO
2) PIR Sensor
3) Breadboard
4) LED Light
5) 5V Relay
6) Jumper Wires
PIR sensors are useful to sense

motion and also can detect whether
the human has moved out of
the sensor range or
not .PIR(passive Infrared
radiation) is integrated in such a
way that the system
works when there is any Physical
Movement .So with the help PIR
sensor, the
Equipment Details:
Arduino UNO: The Arduino UNO is a standard board of Arduino. It is an open-source
microcontroller board based on the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller It was also the first
USB board released by Arduino. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as
PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator (CSTCE16M0V53-R0), a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button.
PIR Sensor: PIR sensor detects a human being moving around within approximately 10m from
the sensor. This is an average value, as the actual detection range is between 5m and 12m. PIR
are fundamentally made of a pyro electric sensor, which can detect levels of infrared radiation.
A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light
radiating from objects in its field of view. They are most often used in PIR-based motion
detectors. PIR sensors are commonly used in security alarms and automatic lighting applications.
Breadboard: A breadboard consists of plastic block holding a matrix of electrical sockets of a
size suitable for gripping thin connecting wire, component wires or the pins of transistors and
integrated circuits (ICs). The sockets are connected inside the board, usually in rows of five
sockets.
LED Light: LED stands for light emitting diode. LED lighting products produce light up to 90%
more efficiently than incandescent light bulbs. An electrical current passes through a microchip,
which illuminates the tiny light sources we call LEDs and the result is visible light.
Relay: Relays are electrically operated switches that open and close the circuits by receiving
electrical signals from outside sources. It consists of a set of input terminals for a single or
multiple control signals, and a set of operating contact terminals. The switch may have any
number of contacts in multiple contact forms, such as make contacts, break contacts, or
combinations thereof.
Jumper Wires: A jumper wire is an electric wire that connects remote electric circuits used for
printed circuit boards. By attaching a jumper wire on the circuit, it can be short-circuited and
short-cut (jump) to the electric circuit.
How does it work:

The Automatic Room Lights using Arduino and PIR Sensor is a simple project, where the lights
in the room will automatically turn on upon detecting a human motion and stay turned on until
the person has left or there is no motion.
Working of this project is very simple and is explained here.
Initially, when there is no human movement, the PIR Sensor doesn’t detect any person and its
OUT pin stays LOW. As the person enters the room, the change in infrared radiation in the room
is detected by the PIR Sensor.
As a result, the output of the PIR Sensor becomes HIGH. Since the Data OUT of the PIR Sensor
is connected to Digital Pin 8 of Arduino, whenever it becomes HIGH, Arduino will activate the
relay by making the relay pin LOW (as the relay module is an active LOW module).
This will turn the Light ON. The light stays turned ON as long as there is movement in front of
the sensor.
If the person takes a nap or leaves the room, the IR Radiation will become stable (there will be
no change) and hence, the Data OUT of the PIR Sensor will become LOW. This in turn will
make the Arduino to turn OFF the relay (make the relay pin HIGH) and the room light will be
turned OFF. on your specific requirements.
Circuit:
Flowchart Diagram:
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the motion detection project using a PIR sensor offers a convenient and energy-
efficient way to automate lighting systems. By leveraging the PIR sensor's ability to detect changes
in infrared radiation, the system can detect human presence or movement within its range.d
in infrared radiation, the system can detect human presence or movement

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Project Report

Project Name: Automatic Room Lighting using

PIR sensors are useful to sense

How does it work:

Working of this project is very simple and is explained here.

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