Student Book answers B17 Summary questions

Question Answer Marks Guidance

number
1ai any three from: 3 Accept any other sensible points.
 building homes
 building shops
 building roads
 farming
 quarries
 waste disposal
1 a ii any three from: 3
 homes to live
 transport
 farms – for food to feed the growing population
 quarries for minerals for metals etc. and rocks for construction
 waste disposal – to get rid of all the rubbish produced
1 a iii any two sensible suggestions, e.g., 4 Each suggestion gains 2 marks.
 increase recycling so reduce amount of rubbish
 reduce land lost for waste disposal
 farm more efficiently so need less land
1b measure of the variety of all the different species of organisms on Earth 1

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 Student Book answers B17 Summary questions

Question Answer Marks Guidance

number
1c high biodiversity is a good thing – gives stable ecosystems and reduces 1 Accept any other sensible points.
interspecies dependency
also helps maintain the structure of the environment e.g., the soil 1
important as sources of potential new foods and medicines, and useful 1
genes for genetic engineering etc.
if anything reduces biodiversity then ecosystems become less stable 1
and soil can be lost forever
species, often useful species, may become extinct 1
we may lose possible future sources of food and medicine before they 1
are discovered
2a flow chart should include: 5
cars/power stations burn fossil fuels → acidic gases (e.g., sulfur
dioxide, nitrogen oxides) formed → gases carried in the winds in
atmosphere → sulfur acidic gases dissolve in rainwater and react with
oxygen to form dilute sulfuric acid and nitric acid → acid rain falls
2bi 18 Tg 1
2 b ii as appropriate 1
2 b iii 4 Tg 1
2c emissions have fallen steadily 1
and levelled out at a greatly reduced level 1
2d award marks for well-drawn bar chart correctly labelled, showing 3
plateau or continued slow fall in emissions
points may include: 3 Any other valid point.
 effectiveness of emission control measures proven
 control measures more widely implemented
 control measures tightened
 technologies improve

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 Student Book answers B17 Summary questions

Question Answer Marks Guidance

number
3a plants use carbon dioxide in photosynthesis along with water to make 1
glucose, using light from the sun
the more plants grow and the faster they photosynthesise, the more 2
carbon dioxide they take out of the atmosphere
when growth slows down or the rate of photosynthesis drops when it is 2
colder, less carbon dioxide is removed from the air
3b the data shows that the amount of photosynthesis taking place affects 1
the levels of carbon dioxide in the air
deforestation destroys large areas of trees 1
that carry out a lot of photosynthesis 1
that means a lot less carbon dioxide will be removed into the plants, 1
so atmospheric carbon dioxide levels will increase 1
or maintaining the forests will reduce the amount of the greenhouse gas 1
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
3c more people 1 Accept any other sensible points.
more cars/burning fuel increasing levels of greenhouse gases, 1
more deforestation to provide land for building/farming so less 1
greenhouse gas removed from the atmosphere 1
more peat bog destroyed/burned releasing carbon dioxide 1
more rice and cattle grown releasing methane into atmosphere 1

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 Student Book answers B17 Summary questions

Question Answer Marks Guidance

number
3d greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane in the 1
atmosphere absorb some of the energy transferred as the Earth cools
down
keeping the Earth and its surrounding atmosphere at the ideal 1
temperature for life
this is the greenhouse effect 1
but if the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere builds up, in 1
theory the greenhouse effect will be stronger
less energy will be transferred back out to space and the temperature at 1
the surface of the earth will increase
a gradually increasing temperature at the surface of the earth 1
will affect the climate long term
3e any two from: 4
 measured increase in temperature at the surface of the earth
 increase in severe and unpredictable local weather events
 measurable melting of the polar ice caps and glaciers
4ai sewage and fertilizers give increased nitrates 1
this causes increased plant growth, followed by more animals as plenty 1
of food
when plants and animals die decomposers use a lot of oxygen to break 1
them down
no longer enough oxygen in the water to support many forms of animal 1
life
so biodiversity reduced 1
4 a ii lowers the pH of land and water (ponds, lakes etc.) 1
more acidic soil means many plants cannot grow 1
more acidic water reduces organisms that can live in it 1
both reduce biodiversity

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 Student Book answers B17 Summary questions

Question Answer Marks Guidance

number
4 a iii deforestation removes huge variety of plants of all sizes growing in an 1
area
reduction in plant biodiversity means food for many different species of 1
other organisms has been removed
so animal biodiversity falls as well 1
4bi these can help preserve rare species 1
until their habitats can be protected 1
and it is safe for them to be released back into the wild 1
these can also be used to maintain numbers of a species that would 1
otherwise become extinct
4 b ii by protecting the habitat, the plants and animals that rely on it 1
for survival can also be protected 1
and biodiversity maintained 1
if a rare habitat is reclaimed, biodiversity can even be increased 1
4 b iii reduction of deforestation protects the biodiversity of the plant and 1
animal species that live within the forests
if carbon dioxide emissions are also reduced as a result, 1
this reduces the risk of global warming 1
and the loss of habitat that this can cause, also maintaining biodiversity 1

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