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    PROJECTILES

    Uploaded by

    Owusu Osei Emmanuel
    1. The document contains multiple examples of calculating projectile motion, including determining horizontal range, launch speed, time of flight, and velocity components. 2. Formulas used include the projectile motion equations for horizontal range (R = v2sin(2θ)/g), time of flight (t = 2u/g or √(2h/g)), and velocity (v = √(2gh)). 3. Several problems provide the initial launch angle and speed and ask for calculated values like range, maximum height, or velocity components. Others give a known value like range and ask for the initial speed.

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    PROJECTILES

    Uploaded by

    Owusu Osei Emmanuel
    2 views6 pages
    1. The document contains multiple examples of calculating projectile motion, including determining horizontal range, launch speed, time of flight, and velocity components. 2. Formulas used include the projectile motion equations for horizontal range (R = v2sin(2θ)/g), time of flight (t = 2u/g or √(2h/g)), and velocity (v = √(2gh)). 3. Several problems provide the initial launch angle and speed and ask for calculated values like range, maximum height, or velocity components. Others give a known value like range and ask for the initial speed.

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    1. The document contains multiple examples of calculating projectile motion, including determining horizontal range, launch speed, time of flight, and velocity components. 2. Formulas used include the projectile motion equations for horizontal range (R = v2sin(2θ)/g), time of flight (t = 2u/g or √(2h/g)), and velocity (v = √(2gh)). 3. Several problems provide the initial launch angle and speed and ask for calculated values like range, maximum height, or velocity components. Others give a known value like range and ask for the initial speed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2 views6 pages

    PROJECTILES

    Uploaded by

    Owusu Osei Emmanuel
    1. The document contains multiple examples of calculating projectile motion, including determining horizontal range, launch speed, time of flight, and velocity components. 2. Formulas used include the projectile motion equations for horizontal range (R = v2sin(2θ)/g), time of flight (t = 2u/g or √(2h/g)), and velocity (v = √(2gh)). 3. Several problems provide the initial launch angle and speed and ask for calculated values like range, maximum height, or velocity components. Others give a known value like range and ask for the initial speed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    PROJECTILES

    A projectile is launched at 75° to the horizontal with a speed of 20 m s −1. Determine the
    horizontal distance it travels when it returns to its launch level.
    Ans: 𝟐𝟎 𝐦
    𝑣 2 sin(2𝜃)
    𝑅= = (20 m s−1 )2 × sin 150° /(10 m s−2 ) = 20 m
    𝑔
    Find the launch speed of a projectile projected at 15° above the horizontal whose horizontal
    range is 80 m.
    Ans: 𝟒𝟎 𝐦 𝐬 −𝟏

    𝑣 = √𝑅𝑔/ sin 30° = √80 m × 10 m s −2 /0.5 = 40 m s−1

    Find the horizontal range of a projectile launched at 15° above the horizontal with a speed of
    30 m s−1 .
    Ans: 𝟒𝟓 𝐦
    𝑣 2 sin(2𝜃)
    𝑅= = (30 m s−1 )2 × sin 30° /(10 m s −2 ) = 45 m
    𝑔
    PREAMBLE: Two identical particles are launched with the same speed, one at 20° and the
    other at 40° to the horizontal.
    Which of the particles returns to the launch level farthest from the launch point?

    Ans: The particle launched at 𝟒𝟎°


    Which of the particles attains the greatest height?

    Ans: The particle launched at 𝟒𝟎°


    Which of the particles returns to the launch level first?

    Ans: The particle launched at 𝟐𝟎°

    PREAMBLE: A 3 kg object is projected in an easterly direction at an angle of 60° above the


    horizontal with a speed of 20 m/s. Air resistance is negligible; sin 60° is approximately 0.87
    and cos 60° is 0.50. Take upward and east directions as positive.

    1. Find the vertical and horizontal components of its initial velocity.


    ANSWER: 𝟏𝟕 𝐦/𝐬 vertical and 𝟏𝟎 𝐦/𝐬 horizontal
    𝑣𝑦 = 𝑣 sin 60° = 20 m/s × 0.87 = 17 m/s; 𝑣𝑥 = 20 m/s × 0.50 = 10 m/s
    2. Find the vertical and horizontal components of its velocity at the highest point of its
    trajectory.
    ANSWER: 𝟎 vertical and 𝟏𝟎 𝐦/𝐬 horizontal
    3. Find the vertical and horizontal components of its velocity when it returns to the
    launch height.
    ANSWER: −𝟏𝟕 𝐦/𝐬 vertical and 𝟏𝟎 𝐦/𝐬 horizontal
    𝑣𝑦 = 𝑣 sin −60° = −20 m/s × 0.87 = −17 m/s; 𝑣𝑥 = 20 m/s × 0.50 = 10 m/s

    PREAMBLE: An object is projected from the ground at at an angle of to the horizontal and
    returns to the ground after moving with negligible air resistance. Acceleration due to gravity is
    .

    1. How high does the object rise?


    ANSWER:

    2. How long is the object airborne?

    ANSWER:
    Time to highest point is

    so flight time is .

    3. How far from the launch point does the object land?
    ANSWER:
    Range

    A projectile is launched vertically upward with a speed of 20 m s−1 and returns to its launch
    point. Find the time the projectile is airborne, neglecting air resistance.

    Ans: 𝟒 𝐬
    𝑡 = 2𝑢/𝑔 = 2 × 20 m s−1 /(10 m s −2 ) = 4 s
    1. At what angle to the horizontal is the range of a projectile maximum?
    ANSWER: 45o
    2. A projectile is fired at an angle of 20o to the horizontal and reaches a range R. What other
    angle of projection will give the same range at the same initial velocity?
    ANSWER: 70o

    3. At what angle to the horizontal is the range of a projectile maximum?


    ANSWER: 45o
    PREAMBLE: A 2 kg object is launched vertically upward with speed 5 m/s and returns to its launch point.
    1. What is the ratio of the upward flight time of the object to its total flight time?
    ANSWER: ½
    The upward flight lasts as long as the downward flight.
    2. What is the kinetic energy of the object when it returns to its launch point?
    ANSWER: 25 J
    3. What is the change in gravitational potential energy of the object when it returns to its
    launch point?
    ANSWER: 0 J
    The acceleration due to gravity at a certain location is 10 m/s2 .
    1. An object is to be launched vertically upward to a height of 5 m. What must be the
    launch speed?
    ANSWER: 10 m/s

    𝑣 = √2𝑔ℎ = 10 m/s.

    2. What is the speed of an object released from a height of 1.8 m?


    ANSWER: 6.0 m/s

    𝑣 = √2𝑔ℎ = 6.0 m/s.

    3. An object is launched vertically upward with a speed of 2 m/s. What height does it
    attain?
    ANSWER: 0.2 m
    ℎ = 𝑣 2 /(2𝑔) = 0.2 m.
    1. A 0.5 kg projectile is launched obliquely with a speed of 20 m s−1 . Find the change in its kinetic
    energy when it falls through a height of 2 m.
    ANSWER: 𝟏𝟎 𝐉
    Δ𝑇 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ = 0.5 kg × 10 m s−2 × 2 m = 10 J
    1. What is the launch angle for maximum range of a projectile?
    ANSWER: 𝟒𝟓°
    1. What is the height attained by a projectile launched at 30° to the horizontal with speed 100 m/s?
    Neglect air resistance.
    ANSWER: 125 m
    ℎ = 𝑢2 sin2 30° /2𝑔 = (100 m/s × 0.5)2 ÷ (2 × 10 m/s2 ) = 125 m
    2. Find the flight time of a projectile launchedat 100 m/s horizontally 20 m above a flat horizontal surface.
    ANSWER: 2s

    𝑡 = √2ℎ/𝑔 = √2 × 20 m ÷ (10 m/s 2 ) = 2 s


    3. A projectile launched vertically upward from the ground is airborne for 50 s. Find the launch speed.
    ANSWER: 250 m/s
    𝑢 = 𝑔𝑡 = 10 m/s 2 × 25 𝑠 = 250 m/s
    A projectile is launched at 60° to the horizontal with a speed of 50 m s −1. Find the horizontal
    component of the initial velocity of the projectile.

    Ans: 𝟐𝟓 𝐦 𝐬 −𝟏
    𝑣ℎ = 𝑣 cos 𝜃 = 50 m s −1 × cos 60° = 25 m s −1
    The magnitude of the vertical component of the velocity at an instant of a projectile is 3/5
    times the speed of the projectile at that instant. What is the magnitude of the horizontal
    component of velocity if the speed at that instant is 20 m s−1 ?

    Ans: 𝟏𝟔 𝐦 𝐬 −𝟏

    𝑣ℎ = √𝑣 2 − 𝑣𝑣2 = 20 m s−1 × √1 − (3/5)2 = 16 m s−1


    Find the vertical component of the initial velocity of a projectile launched at an angle of
    30 m s−1 at an angle of 60° to the horizontal.

    Ans: 𝟏𝟓√𝟑 𝐦 𝐬−𝟏

    𝑣𝑣 = 𝑣 sin 𝜃 = 30 m s −1 × sin 60° = 15√3 m s −1 = 26 m s−1


    PREAMBLE: Find the horizontal range in the ballistic situation in which a projectile is
    launched with the given initial conditions and returns to the launch level.
    Initial speed equals 5.0 m s −1; launch angle above horizontal equals 45°.

    Ans: 𝟐. 𝟓 𝐦
    𝑅 = 𝑣 2 sin(2𝜃) /𝑔 = (5.0 m s−1 )2 × sin(2 × 45°) /(10 m s −2 ) = 2.5 m
    Initial speed equals 3.0 m s −1; launch angle above horizontal equals 15°.
    Ans: 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓 𝐦
    𝑅 = 𝑣 2 sin(2𝜃) /𝑔 = (3.0 m s−1 )2 × sin(2 × 15°) /(10 m s −2 ) = 0.45 m
    Initial speed equals 18 m s−1 ; launch angle above horizontal equals 60°.

    Ans: 𝟐𝟖 𝐦
    𝑅 = 𝑣 2 sin(2𝜃) /𝑔 = (18 m s−1 )2 × sin(2 × 60°) /(10 m s −2 ) = 28 m

    A soccer player kicks a soccer ball which takes off with a speed of 20.0 m s −1 at an angle of
    30° above the horizontal. Find the horizontal range of the ball if the local acceleration due to
    gravity is 9.8 m s −2 and wind and other effects on the ball can be neglected.

    Ans: 𝟑𝟓 𝐦

    𝑅 = 𝑣 2 sin 2𝜃 /𝑔 = (20.0 m s−1 )2 × sin(2 × 30°) /(9.8 m s −2 ) = 35 m


    A goalkeeper kicks a regulation soccer ball such that the ball takes off at 15° to the horizontal
    and lands 35 m from him. How far from the goalkeeper does the same ball land if he gives it
    the same initial speed as before but the ball takes off at 30° to the horizontal?

    Ans: 𝟔𝟏 𝐦

    sin 2𝜃 sin(2 × 30°)


    𝑅 = 𝑅0 = 35 m × = 35√3 m = 61 m
    sin 2𝜃0 sin(2 × 15°)
    A projectile is launched from level ground at 30° above the horizontal with a speed of
    30 m s−1 . Find the horizontal distance travelled by the projectile when it attains its greatest
    height.

    Ans: 𝟑𝟗 𝐦

    𝑅 = 𝑣 2 sin 2𝜃 /2𝑔 = (30 m s −1 )2 × sin(2 × 30°) /(2 × 10 m s −2 ) = 39 m

    The bob of a conical pendulum moves at 0.20 m s −1 in a horizontal circle of radius 0.40 m.
    Find the angle between the string of the pendulum and the vertical.

    Ans: 𝟏. 𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟐 𝐫𝐚𝐝 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟕°


    𝜃 = tan−1(𝑣 2 /𝑔𝑅) = tan−1[(0.20 m s −1 )2 /(10 m s −2 × 0.40 m)] = 1.0 × 10−2 rad
    = 0.57°

    A soccer ball kicked on a level field takes off with a speed of 16 m s−1 at an angle of 30° to
    the horizontal. How far down the field does the ball travel before it first lands?

    Ans: 𝟐𝟐 𝐦

    𝑅 = 𝑣 2 sin 2𝜃 /𝑔 = (16 m s−1 )2 × sin 60° /(10 m s−2 ) = 22 m

    A 50 g projectile launched at 15° to the horizontal has a horizontal range of 40 m. Find the
    initial kinetic energy of the projectile.

    Ans: 𝟐𝟎 𝐉

    𝐾 = 𝑚𝑔𝑅/2 sin 2𝜃 = 50 × 10−3 kg × 10 m s−2 × 40 m/(2 × sin(2 × 15°)) = 20 J

    Find the horizontal range of a 70 g pellet launched at 45° to the horizontal with an initial
    kinetic energy of 56 J.

    Ans: 𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝐦

    𝑅 = 2𝐾 sin 2𝜃 /𝑚𝑔 = 2 × 56 J × sin(2 × 45°) /(70 × 10−3 kg × 10 m s −2 ) = 160 m

    Determine the initial kinetic energy required for a 60 g pellet to attain a horizontal range of
    50 m when projected at 60° to the horizontal.

    Ans: 𝟏𝟕 𝐉

    𝐾 = 𝑚𝑔𝑅/2 sin 2𝜃 = 60 × 10−3 kg × 10 m s −2 × 50 m/(2 × sin(2 × 60°)) = 10√3 J


    = 17 J

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