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    Novel Techniques For Preparation of Thin Self Supporting Platinum Targets Using Evaporation Techniques

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    Varinderjit Singh
    Novel techniques were developed for preparing thin self-supporting platinum targets using evaporation. Two methods were used: 1) evaporating platinum onto copper foil substrates then etching away the copper, with annealing below 225°C to minimize copper diffusion into the platinum. 2) Evaporating platinum onto glass slides coated with potassium iodide, which served as a parting agent to float the platinum foil. Purity was analyzed using EDXRF and ERDA, finding the second method produced targets with 2.5% carbon and 97.5% platinum.

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    Novel Techniques For Preparation of Thin Self Supporting Platinum Targets Using Evaporation Techniques

    Uploaded by

    Varinderjit Singh
    9 views2 pages
    Novel techniques were developed for preparing thin self-supporting platinum targets using evaporation. Two methods were used: 1) evaporating platinum onto copper foil substrates then etching away the copper, with annealing below 225°C to minimize copper diffusion into the platinum. 2) Evaporating platinum onto glass slides coated with potassium iodide, which served as a parting agent to float the platinum foil. Purity was analyzed using EDXRF and ERDA, finding the second method produced targets with 2.5% carbon and 97.5% platinum.

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    H40-2010

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    Novel techniques were developed for preparing thin self-supporting platinum targets using evaporation. Two methods were used: 1) evaporating platinum onto copper foil substrates then etching away the copper, with annealing below 225°C to minimize copper diffusion into the platinum. 2) Evaporating platinum onto glass slides coated with potassium iodide, which served as a parting agent to float the platinum foil. Purity was analyzed using EDXRF and ERDA, finding the second method produced targets with 2.5% carbon and 97.5% platinum.

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    9 views2 pages

    Novel Techniques For Preparation of Thin Self Supporting Platinum Targets Using Evaporation Techniques

    Uploaded by

    Varinderjit Singh
    Novel techniques were developed for preparing thin self-supporting platinum targets using evaporation. Two methods were used: 1) evaporating platinum onto copper foil substrates then etching away the copper, with annealing below 225°C to minimize copper diffusion into the platinum. 2) Evaporating platinum onto glass slides coated with potassium iodide, which served as a parting agent to float the platinum foil. Purity was analyzed using EDXRF and ERDA, finding the second method produced targets with 2.5% carbon and 97.5% platinum.

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    Proceedings of the DAE Symp.on Nucl. Phys.

    55 (2010) 730

    Novel Techniques for Preparation of Thin Self Supporting Platinum


    Targets using Evaporation Techniques

    Varinderjit Singh1*, S.R. Abhilash2, B.R. Behera1, D. Kabiraj2


    1
    Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
    2
    Inter University Accelerator Centre, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
    * email: Mangat_phy@yahoo.co.in

    Introduction: Methodology:
    Presently one of the main aims of Nuclear In order to avoid the alloying of Platinum with
    physics research is the synthesis of heavy and regularly used sources like Tungsten (W),
    super heavy elements. To achieve this goal, Molybdenum (Mo) and Tantalum (Ta), a
    understanding of fusion-evaporation and fusion- specially designed graphite boat was used as
    fission dynamics is essential. One of the major evaporation source. It was found that; huge
    requirements for this study are availability of amount of heat was generated during electron
    thin, self supporting and uniform isotopic targets beam bombardment. However it was
    of high atomic number (Z) elements. Target with experienced that until 80 mA current, the
    some backing may cause problems like loss of Platinum films were free from contamination of
    projectile energy before it hit the actual target Carbon. Self supporting Platinum targets were
    and it may also result in the stoppage of fission prepared using two different methods using same
    fragments or evaporation residue produced in graphite boat.
    fusion-fission or fusion-evaporation processes. In the first method, thin Copper foils of
    Thick self-supporting targets can also give rise to thickness 2 mg/cm2 was made using rolling
    similar problems. Hence, use of thin self- machine. These Copper foils were washed with
    supporting target is always essential for precise dilute Nitric acid and water in order to remove
    nuclear reaction measurements. any impurities from the surface of foils. Foils
    A number of trials were carried out at were kept in air for nearly 2 hours for drying and
    different conditions, to develop suitable then pasted on glass slides using silver paste.
    technique for preparation of thin self supporting Graphite boat containing 100 mg Platinum
    Platinum targets using evaporation technique at material was placed in Copper crucible. Glass
    the target development laboratory of Inter slides with Copper foils were kept over the
    University Accelerator Center (IUAC), New graphite boat on the slide stand at a distance of 8
    Delhi. Two different independent methods were cm from the source in Cryo-Pump based unit.
    developed for fabrication of these targets. These After attaining a vacuum of 3 x 10-8 mbar
    methods were used in fabrication of enriched Platinum material was evaporated using 6 kW
    isotope targets of 194Pt, 196Pt and 198Pt. electrons beam at rate of 1 Ao/Sec. Copper foils
    Main problems encountered during fabrication with Platinum deposited on it were removed
    of the targets were the formation of alloy of from glass slide. Due to presence of internal
    Platinum with source materials (like Tungsten stress the foils were getting curled. In order to
    (W), Molybdenum (Mo) and Tantalum (Ta) etc.), remove the internal stress, these foils were
    relieving of internal stress in the films and annealed at different temperatures (325o C and
    mounting of the film after etching. Besides 225o C) [1] for one hour in Nitrogen atmosphere.
    above issues the limited amount of Platinum Motivation for annealing at different
    material was also the major constrain in this temperatures was to find the temperature at
    work. Finally, different analysis like Energy which the diffusion of Copper to Platinum could
    Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and be minimized. After annealing, these foils were
    Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA) were dipped in dilute Nitric acid (100 ml HNO3 + 500
    carried out to check the purity of foils. ml Distilled Water) for nearly one day for

    Avilable online at www.sympnp.org/proceedings


    Proceedings of the DAE Symp.on Nucl. Phys. 55 (2010) 731

    selective etching of Copper. When Copper was of elements with atomic number above 20,
    fully dissolved, Pt foils were removed from the therefore this technique was used to check the
    Nitric acid solution. Foils were cleaned using contamination of Copper. EDXRF was done at
    distilled water and mounted on target frame. Panjab University, Chandigarh. It was found that
    In the second method, different parting target annealed at 325oC and 225oC have Cu
    reagents were used to remove the target film contamination of 40 wt. % and 2 wt. %
    from glass slides. For this Teepol, Barium respectively as shown in figure 1.
    Chloride (BaCl2), Zipcon (Solution of Collodoin
    and Amyl-Acetate (1:1 ratio)) and Potassium
    Iodide (KI) parting reagent were used [2]. A thin
    layer of thicknesses 100 µg/cm2 of BaCl2/KI was
    deposited by thermal heating in diffusion pump
    based coating unit. Evaporation was done at
    vacuum of 3x10-7 mbar. Then the slides were
    placed in Cryo-pump based coating unit for
    platinum evaporation. Platinum was evaporated
    under the same condition as explained above.
    Film deposited on different releasing agents
    except Zipcon was tried to float in hot distilled
    water. Film with Zipcon as releasing agent was
    tried to float in Methanol. It was found that in
    case of Teepol, BaCl2 and Zipcon the target foils Figure 1: EDXRF spectra of Pt target fabricated using Cu
    substrate annealed at 325oC is shown at top, whereas the
    did not float from glass slide, where as in case of spectrum for target formed by annealing at 225oC is shown at
    Potassium Iodide foil get floated only for freshly bottom.
    deposited KI. Hence, it was decided to evaporate For determination of Carbon content, Elastic
    KI and Platinum in same unit without breaking Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA) was
    the vacuum. performed using 107Ag beam of 120 MeV from
    Here the glass slides were placed on a stand the Pelletron at IUAC, New Delhi. Experimental
    that can be rotated from outside without effecting data was fitted using SIMNRA simulation code.
    the vacuum. Distance of glass slides from the It was found that 2.5 wt. % of C and 97.5 wt. %
    source was 10 cm. Lower distances (like 8 cm of Pt were present in target.
    and 9 cm) were also tried, but in that case the Conclusions:
    foils formed were cracking may be because of
    heating affects. In this evaporation first glass We have developed new techniques for the
    slides were kept over the Ta boat containing KI fabrication of self-supporting Pt targets. The
    pellet and a thin layer of ~ 100 µg/cm2 of KI was graphite boat can be used for evaporation of the
    deposited on glass slides. After that glass slide’s Platinum material. Platinum targets can be made
    stand was rotated to keep it over the graphite using Copper substrate, followed by dissolution
    boat containing Platinum material. It was of Cu in dilute Nitric acid. Here the substrate or
    evaporated using 2 kW electron beam. In order annealing temperature should not be more than
    to remove the internal stress, annealing at 325o C 225o C, higher temperatures will result in
    in Nitrogen atmosphere was done. Finally the diffusion of Cu into Pt. Freshly prepared
    films were floated in hot distilled water and Potassium Iodide acts as a good parting agent for
    mounted on target frame. floating the Pt foil deposited on glass slides.
    Purity of Targets: References
    There may be possibilities of Copper and [1]R. C. Yeates and G. A. Somorjai, Surface
    Carbon contamination in targets. Hence different Science 134 (1983) 729.
    techniques were used for checking the purity of [2] D. Allan Bromley, Treatise On Heavy-Ion
    targets. Since Energy Dispersive X-ray Science, Plenum Press, Volume 7, Chapter 4, p.
    fluorescence (EDXRF) is sensitive for detection 119-175.

    Avilable online at www.sympnp.org/proceedings

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