3rd Generation Architects Cresencio De Castro

Third Generation Architecture - He took his bachelor’s degree at

University of Santo Tomas in 1950 at
❖Cubist Forms same year he passed his Architecture
❖Concrete, steel, ang plate glass Licensure examination.

❖Simple and functional WORKS

❖Unornamented

❖Local version characterized by deep

overhangs, pierced screens, and brise Soliel

Otolio Arellano

- one of the first architect of the port war

generation that looked into the native
symbols of the Philippines for inspiration Gabriel Fermoso
for his architecture design.
- He was also one of the people
- PRC Outstanding architect of the year, selected in 1963 to the planning and
1977. working committee for the future
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila.

- focused more on volumetric

WORKS:
manipulations, more functional and
simplistic, masculine-looking adobe
walls, bold line facias, and mostly
modernist

AWARDS

Carlos Arguelles

- Filipino architect known for his

leading proponent of the International
Style

WORKS:
 Leandro Locsin Felipe Mendoza

- is a distinguished architect in the - Advocate progressive ideas of

Philippines who has blended modern modernism
architecture harmoniously into the - His work includes original and
climate of Southeast Asia. innovative examples of many different
- He was proclaimed a National Artist of building types, including offices,
the Philippines for Architecture in churches, schools, hotels, and
1990 by the late former President transportation terminals (air and sea).
Corazon C. Aquino. - Was a leader of Philippine Institute of
- known for his use of concrete, floating Architects
volume, and simplistic design in his
various projects.

AWARDS:

Alfredo J. Luz

- He was the Principal and Founder of

A.J. Luz and Associates (AJLA).
- Embraced the form and line of
modernism but adapted it to the
tropical climate of the Philippines
 Angel Nakpil (1914-1980)
- Member of Philippine Institute of
Architects and was a charter member
of the United Architects of the
Philippines, which was founded in
1975.
- Received Patnubay ng Sining at
Kalinangan Award by the City of
Manila in 1974

Francisco Fajardo
- One of the few architects from
Hexagon Associated Architects.

Augusto Fernando
- Is a 3rd generation Philippine architect
Jose Maria Zaragoza (1912-1994) who specializes in designing cultural
buildings.
- Known for designing several edifices
during the postwar era Carlos Banaag
- Graduated in BS in Architecture from - Banaag was renowned for his
the University of Santo Tomas in 1936 modernist designs that incorporated
- Was honoured in 1973 with the elements of Philippine culture and
Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan environment.
Award by the City of Manila. - He served as the Dean of the College
of Architecture at the University of
the Philippines Diliman.
Gines Rivera
- A third generation Filipino architect
who specializes in designing post-war
buildings.

Cesar Concio
- first University Architect of the
University of the Philippines
- one of the architects selected by
President Roxas in 1947 to study the
trends in Architecture and
Engineering to design the buildings of
the Capital City
- the chief architect of the UP Diliman
Campus

Manosa Brothers
- designed the San Miguel Corporation
Complex in Ortigas Center. The
building is marked by a unique,
stepped/terraced design that was
inspired by the Banaue Rice Terraces

Francisco T. Manosa
- a Filipino architect considered one of
the most influential Filipino architects of
the20th century for having pioneered the
art of Philippine neo vernacular
architecture
 Manuel T. Manosa

- Trained in architecture, public

administration and urban planning\
- He is a long-time planning consultant
of the Augustinian Fathers and of the
Girl Scouts of the Philippines
- appointed as Commissioner of the
Manila IV Centennial Commission in
1969

Jose T. Manosa
- as consulting architect for the San
Miguel Head Offices, the premier
industrial conglomerate of the
Philippines where he displayed his
innovative designs in energy efficiency
and in office space arrangements to fit
the Filipino psyche
Modernism/ International style - earliest examples of "international
style" architecture in the Philippines.
- Modernism, was connected with an
- Nakpil separated the stairs from the
analytical approach to architectural
rest of the building and used its
function, a rigidly consistent logical
functional shape as a sculptural form
use of materials, structural
encased fully in glass
innovation, and decorative reduction.
- it sometimes known as "minimalist" Philippine Arena
architecture and remove any
unnecessary adornment from the
structure, resulting in an excessive
blurring of internal and external
space.
- being mostly rectilinear, undecorated,
asymmetrical and white.

Modernism/ International style

Architecture in Philippine Context
- The modern architecture of the
Philippines following World War II has - The Philippine Arena is an indoor,
been strongly influenced by the multi-use facility located at Ciudad de
modern architecture of the United Victoria in Bocaue, Bulacan and
States, as compared to Southeast owned by the religious group Iglesia
Asian and European influences. Traces Ni Cristo
of Filipino modern architecture can be - Currently deemed as the largest
seen in the contemporary mainstream indoor arena in the world with a total
Filipino architectural scene seating capacity of 50,000, the
- Philippine architecture adheres to Philippine Arena is an example of
modernism through the use of modern architecture designed by the
reinforced concrete, steel, and glass. Australian-based firm Populous.
- The third generation architects - modern engineering technologies and
introduced the “form follows construction methodologies. method
functions” which utilizes reinforced called space frame system. This
concrete, steel, and glass. method allows a long span of
unsupported roofing, which minimizes
National Press Club the use of internal columns that
would obstruct the views of the
spectators.

- Hidden from most people’s view is the

landmark that houses the National
Press Club. At the end of Magallanes
Drive, just at the foot of Jones Bridge
in Manila,
Parish of the Holy Sacrifice in University Space Age and Aesthetics
of the Philippines
- The space age aesthetic in
architecture refers to a futuristic and
forward-thinking design style that
emerged during themid-20th century.
- influenced by the rapid advancements
in technology and space exploration
during that time.

SPACE AGE - It is a type of futurist architecture

influenced by car culture, jets, the Space Age,
- This remarkable circular church Atomic Age, and concepts for the future.
commonly known as the UP Chapel is
a fine example of modern architecture Googie Architecture - The term "Googie"
in the country designed by the originated in1952 from the critique of
renowned National Artist for Douglass Haskell regarding the Googie coffee
Architecture, Leandro Locsin. shop in west Hollywood design by Architect
- The church was commissioned by John Lautner.
previous UP Chaplain Fr. John Patrick Googie Architecture in the Philippines
Delaney in 1955.
- a circular place of worship with no - The Philippines had been under the
doors and an altar at the center to colonial rule of the United States
create a sense of openness, allowing for48 years before being granted
people to freely meditate and pray at independence in 1946.
any given time.
- The church has been declared in 2005
as a National Historical Landmark by
the National Historical Institute and as
a Cultural Treasure by the National
Museum of the Philippines.

City Center Tower

- With the heavy use of reinforced
concrete, plastics, glass, and steel,
allowed architects to manipulate
materials to the point where
structures took on a sculpture-like
quality. In the Philippines, several
modern structures have futuristic
features including geometric shapes,
angular angles, and sleek lines, which
- Situated in the central business
displays motion-symbolic shapes and
district of Bonifacio Global City in
visualizations of flying saucers.
Taguig
- The City Center Tower was designed
by CAZA Architects in 2016 and has
since then been an eye-catching
addition to BGC’s modern skyline.
 - By Cesar Concio and The structure
was proclaimed in the fifties as “an
- One notable example is the Philippine engineering masterpiece with its
International Convention Center double parabola.”
(PICC) in Manila, which was
completed in 1976. Designed by
Leandro Locsin.

Artemio Reyes Residence

- saucer-shape motif was playfully
unraveled by Marcos de Guzman
- The Cultural Center of the Philippines in1959 located in Quezon City.
(CCP) is located in Metro Manila, the
Philippines, and was opened in 1969
Rizal Theater
to promote and preserve Filipino arts
and culture. It hopes to become the
Mecca of culture and the arts in Asia.

- Rizal Theatre is by Juan Nakpil and

was one of the modern structure
shaving its form and build showing its
tall, vertical, glass paneled walls that
is present on its facade, upswept and
- By Leandro Locsin and the first circular cantilevered roof, use of bold
chapel with the altar in its center in geometric shapes, and a zigzag roof
the country, and the first to have a on its entrance. These traits or
thin shell concrete dome. characteristics made this building of
Space Age or Googie architecture
unique.
Union Church BRISE SOLEIL
- Brise Soleil is a French term that
translates to "sun breaker" or
"sunshade."
- Brise Soleil was primarily used to
control sunlight, reduce glare, and
improve thermal comfort in buildings.

Brise Soleil in the Philippines

- Brise Soleil was introduced to the
- The Old Union Church designed by Philippines during the American
Jose Maria Zaragoza in 1975 is a colonial period in the early 20th
noteworthy example of Philippine century.
Space Age architecture with its folded - The tropical climate of the Philippines
plate concrete roof that radiates from made Bris Soleil an attractive solution
center. for reducing heat gain and improving
energy efficiency.

Divine Mercy Shrine Chapel Traditional Examples of Brise Soleil in the

Philippines

- Utilized natural elements like a steep

thatched roof and elevated stilts for
- It was inspired by the space age natural shading and ventilation.
design. Its circular/elliptical shape - Bamboo screens are utilized to create
which has the same form of a "flying a porous barrier that filters sunlight
saucer" design is one of the key and promotes airflow.
features of Space Age architecture. - These sun shading techniques help in
Other features of the chapel’s space reducing solar heat gain and
age design include the cantilevered maintaining a cool interior
roof, the use of glass walls, and the temperature.
use of bold geometric shapes
Modern Examples of rise Soleil in
the Philippines
- Utilizes materials such as aluminum,
glass, metal, or concrete for sun
- Pablo Sebero Antonio, Sr. was a
shading elements.
Filipino architect and a pioneer of
- Can include vertical fins, louvers,
modern Philippine architecture, was
screens, or panels strategically
recognized in some quarters as the
positioned on the building façade.
foremost Filipino modernist architect
of his time. In which, he was awarded
as the National Artist for Architecture
and became the president of the
Philippine Institute of Architects.

Filipino Architects and Brise Soleil

- Julio Victor Rocha, the youngest dean

of the University of Santo Tomas and
renowned architect, played a
significant role in the architectural
progress of the Philippines, earning
recognition as the Industrial Architect
of 1949.

- was a Filipino architect who was

known for being a leading proponent
of the International Style of
architecture in the Philippines in the
1960s.
- Francisco "Bobby" Mañosa was a
renowned Filipino architect known for
his innovative and culturally sensitive
designs that blended modern
techniques with traditional Filipino
architecture. Evolution of High-Rise Buildings in the
- His works include iconic structures Philippines
such as the Coconut Palace and the
EDSA Shrine, and he played a - A high-rise building in the Philippines
significant role in promoting Filipino refers to a tall building that has
identity through architecture. multiple floors and is usually located
in urban areas. The exact definition of
a high-rise building may vary, but it
generally refers to a structure that is
taller than the surrounding buildings
and has a significant number of floors.

- HIGH-RISE (from 16 - 60 storey i.e.

49.0m to 181.0 m, inclusive of an
average 1.0m provision for parapet
wall or roof apex; excludes maximum
allowance for a 6.0m tall antenna/
steel tower on top of the structure
(only where allowed by the Civil
Aviation Authority of the Ph/ CAAP)
In 1950s, the height of buildings were
limited by laws to 30 meters. With the
amendment of Manila ordinance No.
4131, a high rise-fever redefined
Manila's skyline.

- With a career spanning several

decades, he has designed numerous
iconic structures and masterplans,
showcasing his expertise in creating
innovative and sustainable
architectural solutions.
Manila Hotel INSULAR LIFE BUILDINGIN PLAZA
MORAGA
Andres Luna de San Pedro

Fernando de la Cantera

Rizal Park, Ermita, manila

- By William E. Parsons and Andres

Luna San Pedro
- First high rise building in the
Philippines
- The history of Highrise buildings in
Manila probably began with the
construction of the eight-storey
Manila Hotel in 1912, which is
considered the first modern 8-storey
high-rise building in the Philippines. Considered one of the most prominent
financial buildings of its time. It was the tallest
Picache Building structure in Manila before the war in 1930.

UST MAIN BUILDING

Fr. Roque Ruaño

- This was the 12-story Picache - Main Building on the University of

Building. Designed by Harvard-trained Santo Tomas campus is situated in
architect Angel Nakpil, the building Manila, the Philippines. The Philippine
was Manila's first true skyscraper. Beaux-Arts / renaissance revival style
Tallest since 1891 building was completed in 1927. The
building stands 51.5 m (169 ft) in
height.
THE INSULAR LIFE BUILDING BY: Ramon Magsaysay Center
CESAR CONCIO
By: Ruben Payumo

- The first office building in metro

manila with 7 storeys standing the old
30-meterheight restriction. The tallest
structure in pre-war Manila, back
when Binondo was considered as the - RM Center is an 18-storey building
central business district. Completed in that stands with a 70-meter in height.
1962. It previously held the title of the
tallest building in the Philippines from
SOCIAL SECURITYSYSTEM BUILDING 1967 to 1968, before the completion
of the Manila Pavilion Hotel. The
design used pre-cast and pre-stressed
beamlike a tree rooted on the ground.
Construction started in 1967 and
officially operated in 1968.

Manila Pavilion Hotel

By : Carlos P. Arguelles

- First housed in central Manila then

moved to the Phoenix Building in
Intramuros in the late1950s. Its
construction was completed in
1965and since then it served as the
main office for the System with 12-
storeys.
- By Juan Nakpil

In 1968 it was the first 5-star hotel in the

country & first Hilton in the far East. It later
became Holiday Inn and was then acquired by
Waterfront Hotels in 2003. It caught fire on
March18, 2018. It is currently under
renovation. A 22-storey building that stands
90 meters in height.
Pacific Star Building EARLIER HIGHRISE BUILDINGS
By : Gabriel Formoso - Characterized by their sleek and
contemporary designs, often
incorporating glass and steel elements

- Also known as the Nauru Building,

consists of two buildings, a 29-storey
high-rise building with four basement
levels and a 6-storey low-rise building
that is built around a semicircular
driveway ornamented with a fountain.
The tallest in the Philippines from
1989 to 1991and stands at 112.5
meters in height.

The Peak Tower

- Constructed in 1991, this high-rise,

38-storey tower stands at an
astounding137.77 meters
Marcon Regime Folk Arts Theater
Notable and Famous Projects

CCP Complex - built in 1974, and was completed in

90 days
- designed by National Artist Leandro
Locsin
- described as a “monument to the
Filipino spirit”
- also known as "The Tanghalang
- Construction began in 1966, Francisco Balagtas" in awe to the
completed and inaugurated in 1969 country's greatest poet
- Alfredo Juinio as structural engineer - followed the concept of a sheltered
and Filipino firm DM Consunji as plaza
builder. - largest single-span in the Philippines
- designed by National Artist Leandro - supported by 8 columns, with a
Locsin column-to-column span of 80 meters
- signature style known as the floating - open on 3 sides to allow free flow of
volume, a trait seen in indigenous air and can seat up to 10,000.
structures such as the nipa hut.
- houses three performing arts venues:
film screenings, galleries, museum
and the center’s library and archives.
- Originally called the Theater of
Performing Arts
Philippine International Convention Manila National Film Center
Center(PICC) By: Leandro Locsin

- built in 1981, and was finished in 1982

- inspiration for the building was the
- construction began in September Parthenon in Athens
1974 - barely two months after Folk - designed by Froilan Hong and
Arts Theater - and was finished in conceptualized by Ramon M. Ignacio
1976 (23 months) - it was eventually redesigned to house
- designed by National Artist Leandro only an auditorium, a film lab, and
Locsin film archives• the team requested the
- considered as one of the most iconic assistance of experts from UNESCO to
structures in the country design the film archives
- Asia’s first international convention - around 4,000 laborers were hired and
center they rotated among three shifts across
24 hours
Coconut Palace (Tahanang Pilipino)
Batasang Pambansa Complex

- built in 1978, and was finished in over

- Architect Federico Ilustre first laid out
14 months period
the masterplans in 1956
- known for its concept of the coconut
- due to public demand, Anselmo
as the ultimate “Tree of Life”
Alquinto designed a new master plan
- designed by National Artist Francisco
- in 1973, Marcos called upon architect
Mañosa
Felipe Mendoza to design the current
- 70% of the structure is made of
Batasang Pambansa and its entire
coconut lumber, coconut shells, and
complex.
coconut husks. Other materials are all
- completed between 1977 and 1978
indigenous hardwoods and marble
- Brutalism with a Filipiniana touch by
from the Philippines.
way of a steeply-pitched Bahay Kubo-
- considered a prime example of
style roof
Filipino vernacular architecture
National Art Center Philippine Heart Center
By: Leandro Locsin By: Jorge Ramos

- established in 1976, located in Laguna

- designed by National Artist Leandro
- inaugurated on February 14, 1975,
Locsin
seated on a 2.7hectare lot in Quezon
- represents a modern reinterpretation
City
of the indigenous, vernacular
- designed by architect Jorge Ramos
architecture of the region, and
- formerly known as the Philippine
deliberately focuses upon the roof
Heart Center for Asia
form, relating domestic Cordilleran
- impressive collection of artworks, like
architecture to a much more
Vicente Manansala mural entitled
substantial mass.
"Inang Bayan"
- this is where performances by the
- has 4 buildings composed of a 5-
Philippine High School for the Arts are
storey Hospital building, a 9-storey
held
Medical Arts building with a 2-storey
BLISS Housing Annex, and the 2-storey Nuclear
Medicine building

- established in 1979, the first BLISS

project constructed were in Makati,
Muntinlupa, Quezon City,
- around 230,000 low-cost housing
units nationwide
- precursor of today's mid-rise
condominium
- units were sold at low cost to low-
income workers under a rent-to-own
scheme
Post Modernism W Fifth Avenue BGC
- Postmodernism architecture emerged By: AR. Esteban Y Tan Assosciates
in response to the formal and rigid
style of modernity. It represents a
departure from modernism's
emphasis on formalism and rawness
in design. Instead, postmodernism
embraces an informal and playful
style that rejects the strict principles
of modernist architecture.
- Fort Bonifacio Global City is a well-
urbanized rising city of Metro Manila,
it is located near Makati and is often - Its design features a composition of various
seen as an extension of Makati City. It planes and volumes, creating a visually
boasts a beautiful and well-planned dynamic and intriguing structure. One
environment, comparable to the distinctive aspect of the W Fifth is its skeletal
successful cities of Singapore or Hong interior. This design choice emphasizes
Kong. openness and transparency, allowing visitors
to appreciate the building’s underlying
Mini Cooper Shop structure and construction elements.
by: Abraham F. Flores
THE CURVE
By: Edward Co Tan + Architects and Skidmore,
Owings, and Merill

- British United Automobiles Inc., the

authorized importer for MINI in the
Philippines, opened the doors of MINI
Global City at Fort Bonifacio in Taguig
on January 15, 2010.
- A postmodern structure in the fort is
the mini Cooper shop or simply mini. - Located in the west area of central
Mini is well known for Mini Cooper BGC, across St. Luke’s hospital, The
cars. And the building itself looks like Curve project comes from an
a mini because of the huge text of architecture artwork of Skidmore,
“mini” on the facade. Owings & Merrill studio (SOM). It is
- Another prominent element in the composed of 32 floors, with ground-
building is a mini Cooper car placed floor commercial spaces, basement
on the wall. Postmodern design can and podium parking for residents and
be seen in the use of elements and guests, and office spaces in the mid-
colors in the mini cooper building size range. Tapering as it rises toa
height of 137 meters,
Artha Land Century Pacific - Founded by the American missionary
Charles Henry Brent under the
Tower Protestant Episcopal Church in the
United States.
By: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM)
- it is the third American and
Protestant-founded hospital in the
Philippines after CPU–Iloilo Mission
Hospital and Silliman University
Medical Center.
- The hospital was designed by
architecture firmRR Payumo and
Associates and the construction
costed around ₱9 billion.

Ayala Museum
By: Leandro Y Locsin
- The Artha Land Century Pacific Tower
is a 32-storyoffice building in Bonifacio
Global City in Taguig, Metro Manila,
Philippines.
- The construction cost of the building
owned by Artha land Corporation is
around ₱3.5 billion and was
completed in 2018.
- The Artha Land Tower has 21 office
floors, 14 elevators, high-end retail
outlets, and other retail - The Ayala Museum is a museum in
establishments on the ground floor Makati, Metromania, Philippines. It is
and podium. run privately by the Ayala Foundation
and houses archaeological,
St. Lukes Medical Center ethnographic, historical, fine arts,
numismatics, and ecclesiastical
By: RR Payumo and Associates exhibits.
- The museum was reopened on
December 4, 2021, after a two-year
renovation. Led by Leandro Y. Locsin,
Jr, the museum was designed by the
architectural firm Leandro V. Locsin
and Partners.

- St. Luke's Medical Center (SLMC) is a

private non-profit healthcare
institution based in Quezon City,
Metro Manila, Philippines which
operates two hospitals of the same
name in Quezon City and Taguig.
L.V. Locsin Building Avenue in the Makati Central Business
District.
by: Leandro Locsin

- he hotel was renovated, with a new

fountain, and some of the hotel's
walls was painted new colors. The Pen
consists of two wings, which host all
497 rooms and suites.

- The answer is found on a small

plaque, just outside the Makati
Avenue pedestrian entrance, which
reveals that it was the celebrated
Philippine architect Gabriel Formoso
who took charge of the architectural
design, with the Honolulu-based firm
of Wimberly, Whisen and, Allison,
- L. V. Locsin Building is a 19-storey
Tong& Goo as the consulting
office building at6752 Ayala Avenue.
architects.
Named after its designer, National
Artist for Architecture Leandro Locsin,
and completed in 1985, it is notable
for its Brutalist architectural style and
Philippine Stock Exchange
the architect's signature of floating Tower
volumes.
By: Leandro Locsin
The peninsula manila
By : Gabriel Formoso

- The Philippine Stock Exchange Tower

is an office skyscraper in One
Bonifacio High Street, Bonifacio Global
City in Taguig. The building has 30
- The Peninsula Manila (colloquially
floors above ground level.
Manila Pen or simply Manila
- it was designed by US-based Handel
Peninsula), is a 5-star luxury hotel in
Architects, in collaboration with
the Philippines. It is located on the
Leandro V Locsin Partners and GF &
corner of Ayala Avenue and Makati
Partners Architects.
Insular Life Makati
By : Cesar Concio

- The Insular Life Assurance Company,

Ltd. (commonly known by its trade
name, Insular Life, and shortened as
In Life) is a mutual life insurance
company in the Philippines.
- Originally designed by Cesar Concio,
the building was controversially
redeveloped in 2005 with a design by
Takenobu Mohri Architects and
Associates, and again in 2015 by Casas
Architects.