Data Communication and Network

(EL-317)
LABORATORY MANUAL
Fall 2015

(LAB# 11)
Dynamic Routing Protocols (OSPF)
Engr. Aamir Ullah Khan

Student Name: ___________________________

Roll No: _____________ Section: ___________

Date performed: _____________________, 2015

Manual Submission Date: ______________, 2015

_______________________________
LAB ENGINEER SIGNATURE & DATE

MARKS AWARDED: /10

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF COMPUTER AND EMERGING SCIENCES, ISLAMABAD

Prepared by: Engr. Aamir Ullah Khan Version: 2.0

Verified by: Mr. Shahid Qureshi
LAB: 11 Dynamic Routing Protocols (OSPF)
Objective
To become familiar with:
What are Routing Protocols?
Types of Protocols
Why OSPF?
OSPF Implementation
Routing Protocols
A routing protocol specifies how routers communicate with each other, disseminating information that
enables them to select routes between any two nodes on a computer network. Routing algorithms
determine the specific choice of route. Each router has a priori knowledge only of networks attached to it
directly. A routing protocol shares this information first among immediate neighbors, and then throughout
the network. This way, routers gain knowledge of the topology of the network.
Types of Routing Protocol
1. Interior Gateway Routing via link state routing protocol
2. Interior Gateway routing via distance vector routing protocol
3. Exterior Gateway Routing via Broader Gateway Protocol
Interior Gateway Routing
Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) is a protocol for exchanging routing information between gateways (hosts
with routers) within an autonomous network (for example, a system of corporate local area networks). The
routing information can then be used by the Internet Protocol (IP) or other network protocols to specify
how to route transmissions.
Following are the commonly used IGPs:
a. Routing Information protocol (RIP)
b. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Exterior Gateway Routing
An exterior gateway protocol is a routing protocol used to exchange routing information between
autonomous systems. This exchange is crucial for communications across the Internet.
Notable exterior gateway protocols include Exterior Gateway Protocol and Border Gateway Protocol.
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Protocol
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a link-state routing protocol for Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It uses
a link state routing algorithm operating within a single autonomous system (AS).
OSPF is an interior gateway protocol that routes Internet Protocol (IP) packets solely within a single
routing domain (autonomous system). It gathers link state information from available routers and
constructs a topology map of the network
OSPF detects changes in the topology, such as link failures, and converges on a new loop-free routing
structure within seconds. It computes the shortest path tree for each route using a method based on
Dijkstra's algorithm, a shortest path first algorithm.
The OSPF routing policies to construct a route table are governed by link cost factors associated with each
routing interface. Cost factors may be the distance of a router (round-trip time), network throughput of a
link, or link availability and reliability, expressed as simple unit less numbers. This provides a dynamic
process of traffic load balancing between routes of equal cost.
An OSPF network may be structured, or subdivided, into routing areas to simplify administration and
optimize traffic and resource utilization. Areas are identified by 32-bit numbers, expressed either simply in
decimal, or often in octet-based dot-decimal notation, familiar fromIPv4 address notation.
OSPF is the most widely used IGP.
When we discuss IGPs, we’re talking about one routing domain, or Autonomous System (AS).
Imagine a medium-sized company with multiple buildings and departments, all connected together and
sharing two redundant Internet links. All of the buildings on-site are part of the same AS. But with OSPF
we also have the concept of an Area, which allows further segmentation, perhaps by department in each
building.

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Features of OSPF
OSPF offers the following features, which are found in a number of routing protocols:
A standards-based routing protocol that works is very interoperable between different vendors routers
and firewalls
Supports variable length subnet masks (VLSM), making it a classless routing protocols
Authentication of routing updates are supported
Route redistribution is supported between different routing protocols
OSPF works well in point to point and point to multipoint, broadcast or non-broadcast configurations
OSPF also offers a number of OSPF-specific features such as stub areas, virtual links, and OSPF on
demand circuits.
EXAMPLE 1:
In this example we will configure dynamic routing protocol RIP (v1 & v2) and ensure
connectivity.

Router 0 : Network ID 192.168.1.0

Fast Ethernet 0/0 192.168.1.1
Serial Interface 0/1/0 192.168.4.1

Router 1: Network ID 192.168.2.0

Serial Interface 0/1/0 192.168.4.2
Fast Ethernet 0/0 192.168.2.1
Serial Interface 0/1/1 192.168.5.1
Router 2: Network ID 192.168.3.0
Fast Ethernet 0/0 192.168.3.1
Serial Interface 0/1/0 192.168.5.2

192.168.1.2
PC 0
GW: 192.168.1.1
192.168.2.2
PC1
GW: 192.168.2.1
192.168.3.2
PC 2
GW: 192.168.3.1

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Router Configurations:
Router 0:
Router>en
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface serial 0/1/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000
Router(config-if)#bandwidth 64
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit

Router 1:
Router>en
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface serial 0/1/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000
Router(config-if)#bandwidth 128
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface serial 0/1/1

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Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000
Router(config-if)#bandwidth 256
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit

Router 2:
Router>en
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface serial 0/1/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000
Router(config-if)#bandwidth 512
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit

Confirmation: After successful configuration of routers, we configure OSPF on all routers.

Router 0:

Router(config)# router ospf 1

Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Router 1:

Router (config) # router ospf 2

Router (config-router) #network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Router (config-router) #network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Router (config-router) #network 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

Router 2:
Router (config) # router ospf 3
Router (config-router) # network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Router (config-router) # network 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Confirmation After successfully creating the topology, you can check the connectivity of
the network by selecting a packet from the right window and sending it from PC to another as
shown below:
Finally, you can see that the packet transmission is successful as shown by the message
window:

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LAB EXERCISE:
Exercise 01:
Design the following network using Packet Tracer. Configure EIGRP Protocol and ensure the
connectivity of the system. Show the output of the following commands:
1) show ip ospf neighbor 2) show ip ospf interfaces 3) show ip ospf database
4) show ip protocols 5) show ip route

Exercise 02:
Design the following network using Packet Tracer. Configure EIGRP Protocol and ensure the
connectivity of the system. . Show the output of the following commands:
1) show ip ospf neighbor 2) show ip ospf interfaces 3) show ip ospf database
4) show ip protocols 5) show ip route

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Student's feedback: Purpose of feedback is to know the strengths and weaknesses of the
system for future improvements. This feedback is for the 'current lab session'. Circle your
choice:
[-3 = Extremely Poor, -2 = Very Poor, -1 = Poor, 0 = Average, 1 = Good, 2 = Very Good, 3 = Excellent]:
The following table should describe your experience with:

S# Field Rating Describe your experience in words

1 Overall Session -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
2 Lab Instructor -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
3 Lab Staff -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
4 Equipment -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
5 Atmosphere -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

Any other valuable feedback:

__________________________________________________________________________
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Student's Signature: ______________________________

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