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CN 2022BCS005

The document discusses the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol, including how it finds the best path between routers using shortest path first, its key terms like router ID and designated router, and how it is used within autonomous systems and by internet service providers. It also provides an example of implementing OSPF between routers using Cisco.

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Akshat Nayak
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33 views5 pages

CN 2022BCS005

The document discusses the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol, including how it finds the best path between routers using shortest path first, its key terms like router ID and designated router, and how it is used within autonomous systems and by internet service providers. It also provides an example of implementing OSPF between routers using Cisco.

Uploaded by

Akshat Nayak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CN-LAB ASSIGNMENT

ROLL NO.- 2022BCS005


NAME- AKSHAT KUMAR NAYAK

OPEN SHORTEST PATH FIRST(OSPF) PROTOCOL


Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a link-state routing protocol that is used to
find the best path between the source and the destination router using its own
Shortest Path First). OSPF is developed by Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF) as one of the Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP), i.e., the protocol which
aims at moving the packet within a large autonomous system or routing
domain. It is a network layer protocol which works on protocol number 89 and
uses AD value 110. OSPF uses multicast address 224.0.0.5 for normal
communication and 224.0.0.6 for update to designated router (DR)/Backup
Designated Router (BDR).
Key terms:
1. Router Id – It is the highest active IP address present on the router.
First, the highest loopback address is considered. If no loopback is
configured, then the highest active IP address on the interface of the
router is considered.
2. Router priority – It is an 8-bit value assigned to a router operating
OSPF, used to elect DR and BDR in a broadcast network.
3. Designated Router (DR) – It is elected to minimize the number of
adjacencies formed. DR distributes the LSAs to all the other routers.
DR is elected in a broadcast network to which all the other routers
share their DBD. In a broadcast network, the router requests for an
update to DR, and DR will respond to that request with an update.
4. Backup Designated Router (BDR) – BDR is a backup to DR in a
broadcast network. When DR goes down, BDR becomes DR and
performs its functions.
5. DR and BDR election – DR and BDR election takes place in the
broadcast network or multi-access network. Here are the criteria for
the election:
 The router having the highest router priority will be
declared as DR.
 If there is a tie in router priority, then the highest router I’d
be considered. First, the highest loopback address is
considered. If no loopback is configured, then the highest
active IP address on the interface of the router is
considered.

USES AND APPLICATION OF OSPF: -


1. ROUTING WITHIN AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS: OSPF is primarily used
within an autonomous system (AS), which is a collection of IP networks
and routers under a common administration sharing a common routing
strategy. OSPF enables routers within an as to exchange routing
information and dynamically adjust to changes in the network topology.
2. EFFICIENT ROUTING: OSPF calculates the shortest path between routers
based on metrics such as cost (which is typically based on link
bandwidth). By finding the shortest path, OSPF ensures efficient routing
of IP packets, reducing network congestion and improving overall
network performance.
3. INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERS (ISPS): OSPF is extensively used by ISPS
to manage the routing of traffic between their various points of
presence (pops), backbone networks, and customer networks. It allows
ISPS to efficiently route traffic across their networks while adapting to
changes in network topology and ensuring high reliability and
performance.
4. CAMPUS NETWORKS: OSPF is utilized in campus networks found in
universities, large corporations, and government institutions. It helps
connect various buildings, departments, and facilities within the campus
while providing fast and reliable routing of traffic. OSPF hierarchical
design allows campus networks to scale effectively and support many
network devices.

IMPLEMENTATION USING CISCO:


CONFIGURE THE PC0 AND PC1:

 IP ADDRESS :192.168.1.2
 SUBNET MASK:255.255.255.0
 DEFAULT GATEWAY: 192.168.1.1
 IP ADDRESS:192.168.2.2
 SUBNET MASK:255.255.255.0
 DEFAULT GATEWAY: 192.168.2.1
Config the router0 and router2:

 IP ADDRESS :192.168.1.1
 SUBNET MASK:255.255.255.0
 IP ADDRESS :192.168.2.1
 SUBNET MASK:255.255.255.0
Now config the serial port for all routers as shown in figure

Configure the Router0 and create router OSPF 1 and then add network id with
wildcard mask.
Router(config)#router ospf 1
Router(config-router) #network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Router(config-router) #network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
Router(config-router) #network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
Configure the Router1 and create router OSPF 1 and then add network id with
wildcard mask.
Router(config)#router ospf 1
Router(config-router) #network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
Router(config-router) #network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
Configure the Router2 and create router OSPF 1 and then add network id with
wildcard mask.
Router(config)#router ospf 1
Router(config-router) #network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Router(config-router) #network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
Router(config-router) #network 30.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

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