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    OSI Layers

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    avishu25
    The document describes the seven layers of the OSI model, listing the name, function, and examples for each layer from the physical layer (layer 1) that defines the physical transmission of bits up through the application layer (layer 7) that provides services to applications like file transfer and email. Each layer builds upon the previous layer, with layers in the lower half of the model focusing on physical connection and transmission and upper layers handling things like error checking, addressing, and data formatting. The functions and examples provided for each layer give an overview of the responsibilities and protocols associated with each of the seven layers of the OSI model.

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    OSI Layers

    Uploaded by

    avishu25
    28 views3 pages
    The document describes the seven layers of the OSI model, listing the name, function, and examples for each layer from the physical layer (layer 1) that defines the physical transmission of bits up through the application layer (layer 7) that provides services to applications like file transfer and email. Each layer builds upon the previous layer, with layers in the lower half of the model focusing on physical connection and transmission and upper layers handling things like error checking, addressing, and data formatting. The functions and examples provided for each layer give an overview of the responsibilities and protocols associated with each of the seven layers of the OSI model.

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    The document describes the seven layers of the OSI model, listing the name, function, and examples for each layer from the physical layer (layer 1) that defines the physical transmission of bits up through the application layer (layer 7) that provides services to applications like file transfer and email. Each layer builds upon the previous layer, with layers in the lower half of the model focusing on physical connection and transmission and upper layers handling things like error checking, addressing, and data formatting. The functions and examples provided for each layer give an overview of the responsibilities and protocols associated with each of the seven layers of the OSI model.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    28 views3 pages

    OSI Layers

    Uploaded by

    avishu25
    The document describes the seven layers of the OSI model, listing the name, function, and examples for each layer from the physical layer (layer 1) that defines the physical transmission of bits up through the application layer (layer 7) that provides services to applications like file transfer and email. Each layer builds upon the previous layer, with layers in the lower half of the model focusing on physical connection and transmission and upper layers handling things like error checking, addressing, and data formatting. The functions and examples provided for each layer give an overview of the responsibilities and protocols associated with each of the seven layers of the OSI model.

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    Layer Name Function Example

    1.Application i. Provides communication services to File Transfer-


    (Layer 7) various applications e.g. word processor TFTP, FTP, NFS.
    (Associated ii. Deals with user interface E-mail- SMTP
    word: Shared) iii. Provides n/w services to the user e.g. Remote Login-
    email, file & print services, terminal Telnet, r log in.
    emulation, login validation, file format Network
    translation. Management-
    SNMP.

    2.Presentation i. Translation of data JPEG, ASCII*,


    (Layer 6) ii. Define data format, presentation EBCDIC, TIFF,
    (Associated iii. Define encryption e.g. FTP enables us to GIFF, PICT,
    word: choose binary or ASCII transfer MPEG,
    Format) MIDI

    3.Session i. Keeping different application data RPC, SQL, NFS,


    (Layer 5) separate. Net BIOS names,
    (Associated ii. Define-how to start, how to control and SCP
    word: how to end conversation (session) b/w e.g.ATM machines
    Dialog) presentation layer entities. do not teardown
    iii. Includes-control and management of sessions unless all
    multiple bi-directional messages. the activities are
    iv. Coordinates-communication b/w systems performed.
    and serves to organize their
    communication by offering three different
    modes: -simplex, half-duplex, and full
    duplex.
    v. Allows-presentation layer to have
    seamless view of incoming stream of
    data.

    Basic Function: -
     Connection Establishment
     Connection Maintenance
     Connection teardown

    4. Transport i. Segmentation of data stream TCP, UDP, SPX


    (Layer4) ii. Provide-end to end data transport/delivery
    (Associated services
    word: iii. Establish-logical connection b/w sending
    Reliability) host and receiving host.
    iv. Provide –choice of protocol that do or do
    not provide error recovery, multiplexing
    of data, session establishment, teardown
    of VCs
    v. Reordering- of incoming data stream,
    when out of packets are arrived.

    Basic Functions: -
     Flow control
     Connection oriented
    communication
     Windowing
     Acknowledgement
     Sequencing

    5.Network i. Segmentation of contention networks IP, IPX, Appletalk


    (Layer 3) ii. Define: -end to end delivery of packets,
    (Associated logical addressing, how routing works,
    word: how to fragment a packet in to smaller
    Datagram or packets to accommodate media with
    Segment) smaller MTU.

    6.Datalink i. Define – delivery across a one particular IEEE-802.2,


    (Layer 2) link 802.3,802.5,
    (Associated ii. Organize the streams of bits sent by HDLC, FR, PPP,
    word: physical layer into logical groups called FDDI
    Frame) frames.
    iii. Adds up control information (SA, DA,
    frame length, information about upper
    layer protocol etc.) at the upper end called
    frame header.
    iv. Gives following details to the traffic: -
    where to go, what to do on reaching
    destination
    Basic Functions:
     Combines bits in to bytes and bytes into
    frame.
     Access to the media using MAC address.
     Error detection and error recovery

    7.Physical i. Defines –physical characteristic (media EIA/TIA-232,


    (Layer 1) type, connector type, signaling type) of V.35, EIA/TIA-
    (Associated the transmission media. 449, V.24, RJ45,
    word: ii. Specifies- electrical, mechanical, IEEE-802.3, 802.5,
    Bits) procedural and functional requirements FDDI
    for activating, maintaining and
    deactivating the physical link between end
    systems.
    iii.Other physical characteristics: voltage
    level, data rates, MTU and physical
    connectors.
    *ASCII-American Standard Code for Information Interchange

    Prepared by: Ashish Sehgal MCSE, CCNA

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