Republic of the Philippines 

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES 

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 
Management Technology Department

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

FOR
OFAD 30133

MACHINE SHORTHAND WITH LABORATORY

COMPILED BY:

GINA S. LIM
LESSON 1.................................................................................................6
Assignment 1
ASSIGNMENT 1
A1-1 WRITING WORDS BY SOUND (SOUND PATTERN)
You just learned the first principle of writing words by sound. All letters not heard are
omitted; thus say and sue will be written as SA and SU. Write the sound pattern of the
following words. Consult the dictionary for confusing words.
1. say 6. you 11. Show

S A U

2. sat 7. ate 12. Date

S A T A T S A

3. stay 8. stew 13. High

ST A ST U S A

4. state 9. suit 14. built

ST A
S U T S A
-T
10. sate 15. Hole
5. Sue
S A T S A
S U

S A
A1-2 SPELLING
The occurrence of double consonants in a word are sometimes confusing. To be sure
don’t hesitate to look at dictionary for the correct spelling of these words. Below are
some of the words which are oftentimes incorrectly spelled choose the word with the
correct spelling in each item

1. occassion, occasion, ocassion

2. accommodate, accommodate, accommodate
3. oppinnionairs, oppinionaire, opinionnaire
4. accousstic, acousstic, acoustic
5. accessible, accesible, acessible
6. irressistible, irresistible, iressitible
7. illeggible, illegible, ileggible
8. pessimistic, pessimistic, pesimmistic
9. obssession, obssession, obsession
10. dissemminate, disseminate, disemminate
A1-3 ENGLISH SKILL: PERSON OF NOUN
Give the person of each underlined noun in the following
1. I, your teacher advise you to study diligently.
2. We, the pedestrians, demand proper safety protection.
3. You are late, my child.
4. The news was exciting.
5. Boys, he will lead you to victory.
6. Proper rest is necessary for the health of the nervous system.
7. It is your duty, citizens, to vote.
8. William Harvey made important discoveries about the circulation of the blood.
9. I your manager, recommend you to a higher position.
10. Oh Robert don’t be in a hurry
LESSON 2..................................................................................................12
Assignment 2
ASSIGNMENT 2

A2-1 SOUND PATTERN: Write the sound pattern of the following words
1. stays 6. street 11. grow
2. states 7. Saturday 12. side
3. stews 8. Tuesday 13. may
4. says 9. suits 14. date
5. sues 10. takes 15. real

A2-2. SPELLING
Vowel combination are often times confusing. Consider the following words and decide on
what vowel comes first. Look at the dictionary for words which are doubtful.
1. receive, recieve 6. sieze, seize
2. conceive, concieve 7. frieght, freight
3. peices, pieces 8. beleive, believe
4. conceited, conceited 9. anxeity, anxiety
5. efficient, efficeint 10. nieghbor, neighbor
A2-3 ENGLISH SKILL: CASE OF NOUN
Give the case of each underlined noun in the following sentences
1. Miss Luna came in quietly.
2. My brother is a doctor.
3. The blind’s neighbors were amazed at the miracle.
4. Mr. Cruz writes articles for the paper.
5. The deer’s horn are shed and renewed annually
6. Arthur sent the manager a detailed report.
7. We met Charito at the lobby
8. Herbert’s composition was interesting.
9. He gave Edwin a football.
10. High in the tree Peter found a bird’s nest.
LESSON 3..................................................................................................17
Assignment3
A3-1 SOUND PATTERN
Write the following words as it sound and omit the letters that are not heard

1. sought 6. toot ` 11. day

2. stow 7. owes 12. pole
3. statute 8. soot 13. same
4. statue 9. ooze 14. grass
5. zoo 10. toes 15. Pays

A3-2 SPELLING
Choose the correct spelling among the list of words in each group.
Consult the dictionary in case of doubt.

1. continuous continuous continuous

2. sensuous sensous sensious
3. anomalus anomalous anomalous
4. conscientous conscientious conscientious
5. consensious consensus consensuous
6. trivolous trivoluos trivolious
7. contagious contaguous contagous
8. ambigious ambiguous ambigous
9. vicarious vicarious vicarious
10. anxouns anxious anxious
A3-3 ENGLISH SKILL: Case of Pronoun
Give the case of each underlined pronoun in the following sentences;
1. I sent him a notice. Objective case
2. This sweater is mine. Possessive case-
3. June offered her a seat Objective case-
4. You have been elected. Nominative case-
5. Could this be it? Nominative case-
6. I found someone’s hat. Possessive case-
7. The manager created the position for him. Objective case-
8. The tailor made us new uniform. Objective case-
9. Miss Cruz sold her car. Possessive case-
10. They arrived early. Nominative case-
LESSON 4...................................................................................................21
Assignment 4
ASSIGNMENT 4

A4-1 SOUND PATTERN: Write the sound pattern of the following

1. zoot 6. sew 11. sole

2. sale 7. oat 12. pale
3. an 8. soots 13. fate
4. stows 9. owe 14. shoes
5. tows 10. ought 15. Tale

A4-2 SPELLING
Below are lists of foreign words which are commonly used in the English language. Find the
correct spelling pronunciation, and meaning of each word. Use the dictionary as your
reference
1. silhouette - the dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter
background, especially in dim light.
2. bourgeois - a person with social behavior and political views held to be influenced by
private-property interest or capitalist. 
3. camouflage - the disguising of military personnel, equipment, and installations by painting or
covering them to make them blend in with their surroundings.
4. facade - the face of a building, especially the principal front that looks onto a street or open
space.
5. rendezvous - a meeting at an agreed time and place, typically between two people.
6. Valet - man's personal male attendant, responsible for his clothes and appearance.
7. Chauffeur - a person employed to drive a private or rented automobile.
8. Chalet- a wooden house or cottage with overhanging eaves, typically found in the Swiss
Alps.
9. lasagna - a baked Italian dish consisting of wide strips of pasta cooked and layered with
meat or vegetables, cheese, and tomato sauce.
10. Bizarre - very strange or unusual, especially so as to cause interest or amusement.
A4-3 ENGLISH SKILL: The Correct Use of Pronouns
Select the correct form of each pronoun in the following sentences and indicate the
reason for your choice.
Ex. This work is too difficult for (I, Me) Object of the preposition
1. Fred took mother and (I, me) for a ride.
2. We brought Miss Lopez and (they, them) some flowers.
3. Father stood behind (we, us).
4. A strange animal was seen by (they, them).
5. Betty knit ( I, me) a pink sweater. Indirect Object
6. The boys offered (she, her) the seat.
7. Dorothy’s father gave (we, us) a radio
8. Did you invite your brother and (they, them) ?
9. Leo may stand between John and (she, her).
10. Did you meet (she, her) when you were in Baguio.
LESSON 5...................................................................................................24
Assignment 5
A5-1. SOUND PATTERN: Write the following sound pattern sentences in long hand. Note the
abbreviations, phrases, and derivatives.

1. S UR Rat TRU STPH

2. T SAT RAS S RAR FPLT
3. T RR TUR S O TUS FPLT
4. RU TO TA ART TOT SU O SAT STPH
5. T TART s OT TRA FPLT
6. ROSA STAR TT RAR STARS FPLT
7. TATO STATS T STATUT RBGS TU FPLT
8. ST RAS T STAR ST O STPH
9. RAT T ROS TT STOR FPLT
10. TATA AT STU T ZAZA’S FPLT
A5.2. SPELLING: Let’s have gun with spelling now. This is a sort of a scrabble. Arrange the
letters to form the word that is describe in each number
1. EETSCRRYA – a person employed to keep records, takes care of correspondence,
takes dictation etc. SECRETARY
2. EIECIORPTSTN – a person employed in an office to receive callers, make
appointments, give information. RECEPTIONIST
3. UIANECGD OUELOCNLRO – a person who gives councils to those who are facing
Problems. GUIDANCE CONCILOR
4. TYARTAENO – any person legally empowered to act for another for another. ATTORNEY
5. IIESNCTST – a person interested in discovering new things through study. SCIENTIST
6. NPAYIISHC – a person licensed to practice healing. PHYSICIAN
7. TCHRTAEIC – a person who design building. ARCHITECT
8. UOSRTPLC – one who curves or models figures of clay. SCULPTOR
9. HRTCLTRSTOUIIU – a person who cultivates garden or orchard. HORTICULTURIST
10. TRTSLCRGAIUIU – a person who cultivates soil and procedure crops. AGRICULTURIST
A5.3. ENLISH SKILL: The Correct Use of Pronoun
Select the correct form of the pronoun in each of the sentences:
1. Willy and (I, me) will pack the lunch
2. The winner if the prize was (she, her).
3. It might have been (they, them).
4. Margaret and (she, her) are my best friends.
5. It was (I, me) who found the lost child.
6. In the machine were Ruth, Susan and (I, me).
7. Francis and (he, him) were here.
8. James thought it was (she, her).
9. (They, them) and (we, us) live on the same street.
10. Why are (they, them) late?
LESSON 6...................................................................................................29
Assignment 6
A6-1. SOUND PATTERN
Write the sound pattern of the following words. Remember the principle of writing only the
sounds that are heard Look at the dictionary for doubtful terms.
1. spray 11. port
2. straight 12. true
3. trait 13. yours
4. praise 14. tours
5. prose 15. stairs
6. rate 16. part
7. tray 17. Rote
8. pray 18. raise
9. pose 19. sure
10. store 20. Strut
A6-2. WORD MEANING: Check each word by choosing the meaning from the selection given:
1. Criterion (class helper, standard for judging, petition, harsh criticism)
2. Extrinsic (severe, inborn, coming from without, free from entanglement)
3. Intrinsic (essential, metallic, shallow, incidental)
4. Autonomy (right to self-rule, dictatorship, majority rule, rule of a small class)
5. Unicameral (under taken by one party, consisting of one legislative house, treaty
favoring one nation)
6. Protocol (aggression, rule of state etiquette, probate officer, government branch)
7. Promulgate (announce or proclaim, advocate, force upon others)
8. Irretrievable (unforgivable, cannot be remembered, cannot be changed, unwise)
9. Consensus (unofficial count of people, digest, collective and unanimous opinion,
agenda)
10. Articulate (able to express oneself, repeated, inclined to stutter, powerful)
A6-3. ENGLISH SKILL: The Correct Use of Pronoun
Drill on objective case. As a review, please read the meaning of objective case in lesson 5
and select the correct form of each personal pronoun in the following sentences:
Ex. The crowd separated Katy from (we, us)
1. Is this mail for (he, him) or (I, me)?
2. The artist painted a picture of (she, her).
3. His brother bought (he, him) a beautiful pen.
4. He asked Charles and (she, her) for a ticket.
5. The pitcher threw (I, me) the ball.
6. Between you and (he, her) to school?
7. Take (we, us) with you.
8. Will you take (she, her) to school?
9. The strange noise startled (he, him).
10. He went with (I, me) too the game.
LESSON 7 ..................................................................................................33
Assignment 7
A7-1. SOUND PATTERN
1. new 6. price 11. cite 16. sight
2. know 7. rise 12. Soup 17. nightspot
3. right 8. city 13. Neuter 18. pie
4. tasty 9. pry 14. Night 19. trite
5. tight 10. try 15. Sigh 20. Nitrate

A7.2 SPELLING
Choose the correct spelling of the words in the parenthesis to complete the sentences.
Be able to pronounce correctly each chosen word.
1. (Dedactic, didactic) pertains to teaching or intended for instruction.
2.(Spontaneously, spontaniously) means freely without preme ditation.
3.(Reconnaissance, reconaisance)) is a survey for a purpose.
4.(Poinant, poignant) means deeply moving.
5.(Epitome, epitume) is a consice summary.
6.(Epiloge, epilogue) is a concluding statement.
7.(Oblation, obletion) is a religious offering.
8.(Martinet, martenit) means strict disciplinarian.
10.(Sceon, scion) is a child or decendant.
A7-3. ENGLISH SKILL: The case used after Than and As
After the conjunction than and as there is an omission of words. The pronoun following
these conjunctions must be in the same case as the word with which it is compared.
Select the correct form of the pronoun:
1. Evelyn walks more gracefully than (she, her)
2. He prints better than (I, me)
3. Richard drives more gracefully than (he, she)
4. Anne walks as fast as (she, her).
5. Mother baked as well as (she, her)
6. Edmund is as tall as (he, him)
7. I think Jane is more efficient than (she, her)
8. My sister ai as lovable as (she, her)
9. I wish I were as successful as (she, her)
10. They trusted William more than (he, him)
LESSON 8....................................................................................................38
Assignment 8
A8.1 SOUND PATTERN
Write the sound pattern of the following sentences. Be sure to check your work.
1. The President presents the statue.
2. The plaintiff appoints Art as president.
3. The nuts on the tray is tasty, try it.
4. A snappy puppy is in sight.
5. Rosy is nosy, the news is newsy.
6. Advertise the important prose.
7. Try a new site in the city tonight.
8. Are your tires right or tight?
9. Rita types the news.
10. Purchase the tasty pears in the store.
A8.2 SPELLING
There are so many words with double consonants that may be confusing to the students. As a
practice, choose the correct spelling of the word in each number.
1. acrostically, acrostically 11. allegation, alegation
2. accumulation, acumulation 12. alligator, alligator
3. imunity, immunity 13. alocate, allocate
4. admissive, admisive 14. alure, allure
5. affidavit, afidavit 15. agreeable, agreable
6. afluence, affluence 16. amass, amas
7. aglutinate, agglutinate 17. ambassador, ambasador
8. agravate, aggravate 18. amonia, ammonia
9. aggression, aggresion 19. ampute, amputee
10. agliter, aglitter 20. annalist, analist
A8.3 ENGLISH SKILLS: Interrogative Pronouns
Fill in the blank with the correct form, who or whom:
1. is the first speaker?
2. By were you received?
3. With did you come to school today?
4. accompanied you on your trip?
5. To are we indebted for the printing press?
6. Mother wants to know washed the dishes.
7. Jean asked called her from the bus.
8. To did you explain your absence.
9. are your friends?
10. delivered the furniture?
LESSON 9....................................................................................................42
Assignment 9
A9.1 SOUND PATTERN
1. notice 6. assist 11. principle 16. knew
2. story 7. taste 12. principle 17. nutty
3. pacer 8. past 13. nearest 18. pretty
4. pest 9. post 14. recess 19. east
5. Perry 10. release 15. number 20. pressure
A9.2 WORD MEANING
Test your knowledge of word meaning by writing on your paper the letter identifying the
correct completion of each sentence:
1. The irate
a. Man smiled to himself
b. young lady stormed out of the room.
c. new car was low and sleek.
2. The factory
a. Is a least ten years old
b. has been least for two years
c.is the leased important of the three.
3. His stature
a. was developed by the electronics company.
b. Is still sitting in the courthouse lawn.
c. was approximately six feet.
4. The coarse
a. was a very popular with all the students.
b. Types of stone was laid on the river bank
c. sound of falling rain annoyed the writer.
5. The astute
a. chemist s sure to pass the course.
b. student is often late to class.
c. new apartment house is very expensive.
6. A course
a. In English is useful to all students.
b. meal is served after the concert.
c. of horse crossed the shallow stream.
7.Their attire
a. went flat as they were traveling
b. was poorly handled by the mechanic.
c. was designed by a well-known designer.
8. C.P. Romulo’s
a. time has past
b. past achievements live today.
c. pictures are past from person to person.
9. The whole
a. incident was funny and ridiculous.
b.in the wall allowed us to peek into lab.
c. was not witnessed by anyone in the class.
1o. The woman’s
a. bread was awry
b. house was awry out in the city
c. hat was awry.
9.3. ENGLISH SKILL: Agreement with Distributive and Indefinite Pronoun
Select the correct form of the pronoun in each sentence:
1. If some calls for June, ask (him, them) to wait.
2. Each of the girls brought (her, their) sewing kit.
3. Many have already purchased (his, their) tickets.
4. Every should write (his, their) name in the register.
5. Both offered (his, their) cars for the trip.
6. Some of the students received (his, their) cards
7. Has anybody paid (his, their) dues?
8. If anyone wishes to start, (she, they) may do so now
9. Neither of the sailors would admit that (his, their) share.
10. All the members of the team gave (his, their) share.
LESSON 10...................................................................................................46
Assignment 10
A10-1. SOUND PATTERN
1. picnic 6. cactus 11. connect 16. concern
2. citrus 7. compute 12. knock 17. protect
3. topic 8. contrite 13. compose 18. protest
4. care 9. contain 14. neck 19. property
5. corner 10. compress 15. compact 20. Prosecute

A10-2 SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS

In each word there are three synonyms and one antonym. Choose the antonym in each
number.
1. abandon – abdicate, discontinue surrender, maintain
2. allow – permit, deny, tolerate, authorize
3. attractive – charming, enchanting, obnoxious, pleasing
4. bliss – joy, misery, gladness, ecstasy
5. cease – continue, stop, terminate, relinquish
6. chastise – castigate, correct, discipline, forgive
7. condemn – blame, denounce, approve, reproach
8. dainty – harsh, delicate, elegant, fine
9. depreciate – decline, decrease, increase, diminish
10. disgust – abhorrence, abhorrence, admiration, aversion, dislike
A10-3. ENGLISH SKILL: STUDY OF VERB S A PART OF SPEECH
Select the verb in the following sentences and tell whether they are transitive,
intransitive, or cognate.
1. Joseph Lister introduced antiseptics into surgery.
2. Manufacturing developed rapidly in the rural areas.
3. Miriam smiled a pleasant smile.
4. At last the provisions arrived.
5. Experience develops character.
6. Commentators broadcasted the news.
7. The children scattered in all directions.
8. The baby cried a loud cry.
9. Francis learns very quickly.
10. John have studied his lessons
LESSON 11...................................................................................................50
Assignment 11
A11-1. SOUND PATTERN
1. style 11. pale
2. steel 12. pupil
3. listen 13. pirate
4. letter 14. lace
5. lesson 15. lactase
6. lack 16. intestine
7. last 17. enter
8. lost 18. enroll
9. list 19. unless
10. lettuce 20. uncertain
A11.2 SPELLING
The following are musical terms and their meanings. Choose the correct spelling from
the words in the parenthesis:
1. ( Accelerando, acellrando ) becoming quicker.
2. ( Adaggio, adagio ) slow
3. ( Alarggando, allargando ) getting slower
4. ( Attacca, attaca ) continue without pause
5. ( Calando, calando ) getting weaker and slower
6. ( Cresendo, crescendo ) gradually getting louder
7. ( Decreacendo, decrescendo ) gradually getting softer
8. ( Dollente, dolente ) sorrowful
9. ( Expresivo, expressivo ) expressive
10. ( Glissando, glisand ) sliding
A11-3. ENGLISH SKILL
Attribute or Qualities of a Verb
Analyze each of the following sentences and tell whether it is the active or passive
voice.
1. Mother cooked a sumptuous lunch.
2. The tasty cake was baked by my sister.
3. The winning team was trained by famous coaches.
4. Exercise strengthens the heart and the lungs.
5. George was given a ticket for the football game.
6. The boys were refused admittance.
7. The manager gave George a ticket for the game.
8. Each pupil was assigned a place on the stage.
9. The students studied their lessons well.
10. The scholars decorated the bulletin board.
LESSON 12....................................................................................................56
Assignment 12
A12-1. SOUND PATTERN
1. country 11. enlist
2. kettle 12. enlighten
3. lancelet 13. enlace
4. lately 14. ensign
5. lazy 15. people
6. learn 16. practical
7. letterpress 17. icicle
8. rightly 18. typical
9. princes 19. luckily
10. sisterly 20. Lowly

A12-2. SPELLING
All the following words end in able. Determine whether E precedes able in the following
words. Choose the correct spelling:
1. acknowledgeable – acknowledgable
2. agreeable – agreable
3. allegeable – allegable
4. certifiable – certifieable
5. changeable – changable
6. increaseable – increasable
7. likeable – likable
8. manageable – managable
9. noticeable – noticable
10. inexpiable – inexpable
A12-3. ENGLISH SKILL: Give the tense and voice of the verb in each of the following
sentences.
1. Our class will present a radio program for Linggo ng Wika.
2. A new church will soon be built on this corner.
3. The first word in a sentence begins with a capital letter.
4. Large quantities of cheese are produced in New Zealand.
5. The plan appealed workable.
6. The dean proclaimed by the winner.
7. The winner was proclaimed by the dean.
8. Opportunity knocks at your door.
9. The difficult subject will be learned soon by the students.
10. A strong wind is felt in Naga City.
LESSON 13....................................................................................................60
Assignment 13
A13-1. SOUND PATTERN
1. tenderly 6. written 11. pencil 16. culture
2. unruly 7. rooster 12. painter 17. sultry
3. socket 8. loosely 13. sculptor 18. picture
4. truly 9. pinnacle 14. closet 19. curtain
5. perilous 10. posture 15. cholera 20. Collapse

A13-2. SPELLING: Word ending MENT

The following words end in ment. Find out if letter E is necessary in suffixing ment in a
word. Write the correct answer.
1. abasement 6. management 11. defilement
2. acknowlegement 7. placement 12. dethronement
3. acquirement 8. postponement 13. entrenchement
4. advertisement 9. amazement 14. entreatement
5. judgement 10. improvement 15. enlargement
LESSON 14....................................................................................................63
Assignment 14
A14-1 SOUND PATTERN

1. blade 11. blight

2. basketball 12. blockbuster
3. barbecue 13. brook
4. barely 14. brazen
5. baseball 15. breeze
6. basic 16. neighbor
7. basis 17. combat
8. best 18. babble
9. blast 19. backstairs
10. breakable 20. Club

A14-2 WORD MEANING: Match the words in the left column to the words in the right column.

1. least - d. the smallest

2. accede - h. to yield
3. assent - c. to accomplish
4. affect - e. to bring about
5. exceed - a. go beyond
6. borne- g. to endure
7. adept - j. skilled
8. apprise - i. to inform
9. effect- b. to influence
10. ascent - f. going up
Select the progressive verb phrases and give the tens and the voice of each:
1. Robert is teaching his dog a trick.
2. Numerous airplanes were flying back and forth over the field.
3. Hot chocolate was being served in the cafeteria.
4. We have been resting for an hour.
5. The prizes are being displayed in the library.
6. Marie has been checking the mistakes.
7. Where is your new home being built?
8. Dr. Reyes has been examining the pupils in our class.
9. Who is preparing the lunch?
10. Had both of you been working on that puzzle?