PIC Assembly
Uploaded by
Khuram ShahzadPIC Assembly
Uploaded by
Khuram ShahzadThe University of Texas at Arlington
Lecture 3
PIC Assembly Basics
CSE 3442/5442
Embedded Systems I
Based heavily on slides by Dr. Roger Walker
From Last Lecture
• Download MPLAB and C18
• Link for MPLAB IDE
http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?
IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=140
6&dDocName=en019469&part=SW00700
2
• Link for C18:
http://www.microchip.com/stellent/idcplg?
IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&nodeId=140
6&dDocName=en010014 2
Installation of Assembler/C
Compiler
• http://www.microdigitaled.com/PIC/
PIC_books.htm
• See:
http://www.microdigitaled.com/pic/tutorials/
MPLABInstall.pdf for installing
• http://www.microdigitaled.com/pic/tutorials/
C18Install.pdf for installing C18
• http://www.microdigitaled.com/pic/tutorials/
MPLAB.pdf for MPLAB Tutorial
3
Compiler Data Formats
• Data Types - hex, decimal, binary, ASCII
• Hex:
– Use h (or H) right after the number: MOVLW 99H
– Put 0x (or 0X) in front of the number: MOVLW 0x99H
– Put nothing in front or back of the number: MOVLW
99
– Put h in front of the number, with single quotes
around the number: MOVLW h’99’
4
Compiler Data Formats
• Binary:
– Put B in front of the number in single quotes:
• MOVLW B’10011001’
• Decimal:
– Put D in front of the number in single quotes:
• MOVLW D’12’
– Use .value:
• MOVLW .12
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Compiler Directives
• Compiler directives: give directions to the
compiler.
– EQU (defining constants), (SET is similar but can be
reset)
• DATA1 EQU 39H - Data assignment
• PORTB EQU 0xFF6 – SFR address assignment
• MYREG EQU 0x12 – RAM address assignment
– ORG (origin - explicit address offset operand must be
hex)
– END (tells assembler that this is end of code)
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Compiler Directives
• LIST (indicates specific controller, e.g.,
LIST P=18F452) unique to PIC assembler.
• #include (to include libraries associated)
• _config directives – tell assembler what
the configuration (stored at 300000H) bits
of the target PIC should be
• radix (e.g., radix dec will change to
decimal notation; default is hex)
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Configuration Registers
Table 19-1 from Data Sheet
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Assembly Language
Instruction
• Assembly Language instruction contains
four fields:
– Label
– Mnemonic
– Operands
– Comments
[label] mnemonics [operands] [;comments]
9
Assembly Programming
sample
SUM EQU 10H ; RAM loc 10H for SUM
ORG 0H ; start at address 0
MOVLW 25H ;25H à WREG
ADDLW 0x34 ;+ 34H
ADDLW 11H ;+ 11H
ADDLW 25 ;+25H
ADDLW D'18‘ ;+ 18 decimal
ADDLW .18 ;+18 decimal
ADDLW A’0’ ; add ascii of 0 (32)
ADDLW B'00000110‘ ;+6
MOVWF SUM
HERE GOTO HERE
END
From page 69
10
Assembly Assembled an Linked
Figure 2-8.
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Files Used and Created
• .hex à PIC ROM (loadable object)
• .mcp : MPLAB Project mcp
• .mcw: MPLAB Workspace
• .cod Code Listing
• .lst Program listing (machine code with assembly
comments)
• .map a file containing memory layout of used
and unused locations
• .o immediate object
• .err Debug information
12
PIC18 Program Counter
2 MB
Figure 2-9.
13
PIC18 On-Chip Program ROM
Address Range
4k
16 k
32 k
(452)
Figure 2-10
14
PIC18F458 Pin Diagram
15
Example - Powering Up
PIC18F458
16
Programs in ROM
• When PIC is powered up (VCC applied to
Reset Pin – Chapter 8), the micro-
controller begins executing instruction at
location 00000h (Reset Vector).
• Use ORG statement for this instruction in
your code (if programming in assembly). C
compiler takes care of creating assembly
code having this.
17
PIC18 Program ROM Width
18
PIC18 Program ROM Contents
for Program 2-1 List File
Program 2-1 List
Memory is structured in ‘little endian’ mode
(lowest value at lowest address)
19
GOTO and the PC
• GOTO, 4 byte instruction:
0E 07
0F EF
10 00
11 F0
little endian!
PCU PCH PCL
0 0 0 k19 k15 k14 k 7 k6 k0 0
21 bit PC 20
PIC uses Harvard Architecture
21
RISC
1. Fixed instruction size (2 and 4 bytes in PIC ;
ADD, GOTO)
2. Many registers (no need for large stack)
3. Small instruction set – longer code
4. Small clock cycle/instruction
5. Usually Harvard architecture
6. No microcoding; instructions are internally
hardwired – can result in 50% reduction in the
number of transistors
7. No cross operations between GFR registers
22
MPLAB Simple Assembly Sample
• Create project
• Type in code
• Set debugger to simulator
• Add watch windows
• Look at what is happening
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24
25
26
27
28
29
30
CSE 3442/4442 Lecture 3 31
Dr. Roger Walker
Special File Register Window
in MPLAB Simulator
32
File Register (Data RAM) Window
in MPLAB Simulator
33
Program (Code) ROM Window in
MPLAB Simulator
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QwikFlash Board
• Information on QwikFlash Board at
• http://www.picbook.com/
CSE 3442/4442 Lecture 3 35
Dr. Roger Walker
Assignment for Next Class
• Review the material in Chapter 3.
• Pay close attention to the instruction word sizes
and target address for the BRA, GOTO, and
CALL instructions, and for the Stack
implementation.
• Using the MPLAB assembler and simulator,
code and run the example on page 115
(Example 3-11), adding appropriate break points
for using the simulator to display the stack
contents after one of the call examples.
36
PIC Data Sheets
• Note, the PIC18f452
http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/
DeviceDoc/39564c.pdf
• PIC18f458
http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/
DeviceDoc/41159e.pdf
37