NAME: _________________________________________ DATE: _________________________

SECTION: _______________________________________ TEACHER: ______________________

PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

ACTIVITY SHEET
QUARTER 1 - WEEK 2

Activity 1: “One-sentence summary”

Direction: Summarize the definition of ideology and political ideologies by doing “one- sentence summary”.
Students are asked to write a single summary sentence that answers “what and why ” questions about the
topic.

Possible answers: This is example only

What: For me, ideology is the thinking characteristic of an individual, group, or culture.

Why: For me, Ideologies are important because it provides an explanation for problems that confronts modern
societies by

1. Compare the ideologies of your mother and father.

2. Given such experience from your parents, who among them are you in favor? Why?

Activity 2: Answer me!

Direction: Answer the following questions in yellow pad paper:

1. Why are ideologies important?

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2. How ideologies bring about social change?
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Activity 3: Jumbled Letters.

1.Students will be given set of jumbled letters and they will try to compose the different ideologies from it.

2.Rearrange the words to find the correct answers to the questions below:

1. CRANANISM
2. COSAILISM
3. LIERALISMB
4. TISMAVARESNOC
5. ASFMSIC

Activity 4. Multiple Choice

Direction: Write the letter of the correspond answer.

1. What is characterized by a resistant to change, adherent to limited human freedom as it chooses to maintain
traditional values, and at some extreme versions, distrust to human reasoning and nature or anti-
egalitarianism?
A. Marxism B. Conservatism C. Socialism. D. Fascism
2. Which do not belong to political ideologies?
A. Fascism B. Anarchism C. Liberalism D. Tiktokism
3.Which political ideology is the opposite of conservatism that favors change, prefer more freedom, and has
more optimistic approach to human reasoning and nature?
A. Marxism B. Conservatism. C. Liberalism D. Anarchism
4. Which of the following traditionally endorses a form of radical democracy based on popular participation and
desire to bring economic life under public control, dismissing liberal democracy as simply capitalist democracy.
A. Revolution B. Socialism C. Liberalism D. Materialism
5. Embraces the ideas of totalitarian democracy, holding that a genuine democracy is an absolute dictatorship
as the leader monopolizes ideological wisdom and is alone able to articulate the true interest of the people.
A. Revolution B. Class Struggle C. Fascism D. Materialism

A. IDEOLOGY
a : a systematic body of concepts especially about human life or culture
b : a manner or the content of thinking characteristic of an individual, group, or culture
c : the integrated assertions, theories and aims that constitute a socio-political program
d : is a more or less coherent set of ideas that provides the basis for organized political action, whether this is intended to
preserve, modify or overthrow the existing system of power.

B. Political Ideologies

  is a set of related beliefs about

 political theory and policy held by an individual, group of individuals or a particular social class
  political ideologies form the basis of how they view the world around them and the proper role of government in
the world.
  (a)offer an account of the existing order, usually in the form of a „world-view‟, (b) advance a model of a desired
future, a vision of the „good society‟, and (c) explain how political change can and should be brought about- how to
get from A to B. (Heywood 2003, 12)

Discuss through a power point presentation the different characteristics of ideologies.

 Ideologies provide an explanation for problems that confronts modern societies by providing futuristic visions.

 Ideology is action oriented.

 Ideologies mobilize a large number of people.

POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES

Anarchism
Endorses direct democracy and call for continuous popular participation and radical decentralization.

Electoral or representative democracy is merely a façade that attempts to conceal elite domination and reconcile the
masses to their oppression.

Socialism
Traditionally endorses a form of radical democracy based on popular participation and desire to bring economic life under
public control, dismissing liberal democracy as simply capitalist democracy.
Nevertheless, modern social democrats are now firmly committed to liberal-democrat’s structures.

Liberalism
Understand democracy in individual terms as consent expressed through the ballot box, democracy being equated with
regular and competitive elections.While democracy constrains abuses of power, it must always be conducted within a
constitutional framework in order to prevent majoritarian tyranny.
Conservatism
Endorses liberal-democratic rule but with qualification about the need to protect property and traditional institutions from
the untutored will of the many.’
The new right, however, has linked electoral democracy to the problems of over-government and economic stagnation.
Fascism
Embraces the ideas of totalitarian democracy, holding that a genuine democracy is an absolute dictatorship as the leader
monopolizes ideological wisdom and is alone able to articulate the true interest of the people.

A discussion of the nature of “ideology” is also marked by a problem similar to any discussion of the nature of
politics and power. Like politics and power, there is also no settled or agreed definition of ideology.
Oftentimes, “political ideology” is confused with “political culture.” Both concepts refer to political attitudes, values,
and beliefs, but ideologies are more coherent and often codified while political culture is more general and rather abstract
(Mendoza, 1999b).
According to Andrew Heywood (2003, 12), “the complexity of ideology derives from the fact that it straddles the
conventional boundaries between descriptive and normative thought, and between political theory and political practice”
and accordingly, “brings about two kinds of synthesis: between understanding and commitment, and between thought and
action.” The definition of ideology below captures such complexity of ideolog

POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES AND THEIR IMPACT ON POLITICAL COMMUNITIES:

1. Conservatism – one is focused on conserving something. It is characterized by a resistant to change, adherent to limited human
freedom as it chooses to maintain traditional values, and at some extreme versions, distrust to human reasoning and nature or anti-
egalitarianism (Sargent, 2009).
2. Liberalism – is the opposite of conservatism for it favors change, prefers more freedom, and has a more optimistic approach to
human reasoning and nature (Sargent, 2009).
3. Marxism – proposed by Karl Marx, some of the ideological and conceptual bases of Marxism are the following:
a. ALLIENATION – For Marx, alienation in its basic form is the alienation from one’s labor (or product of one’s labor), and
capitalism is a great factors in this phenomenon.
b. CLASS STRUGGLE – the struggle between the bourgeoisie (the capitalist or middle class) and the proletariat (workers).
The bourgeoisie middle class oppresses and exploits the proletariat not only through unfair compensation of the latter’s labor
but also by setting up laws and standards; and controlling the system or the state to maintain its social status.
c. MATERIALISM – basic definition that “how people think is greatly affected by how you live” (Sargent, 2009)
d. REVOLUTION – Marxism consider proclaiming revolution as the way to change the system. He considered revolution as
a good and inevitable process that will eventually lead to classless ideal society in the form of communism (Sargent, 2009).
e. ANARCHISM – “Anarchism teaches that we can live in a society where there is no compulsion of any kind. A life without
compulsion naturally means liberty; it means freedom from being forced or coerced, a chance to lead the life that suits you
best” (Berkman, 1964).
1. Libertarianism – this is another version of anarchism but involves the government in a minimal role such as
ensuring the safety of everyone and fairness in whatever contracts or dealings. (Sargent, 2009)