DESIGN OF L Shaped Cantilever RETAINING WALL

1 Preliminary Data
i) Height of Retaining Wall h 1.50 meters
ii) Soil Density γs 22 KN/cum
iii) SBC qo 150 KN/sqm
iv) Angle of repose Ø 30 degrees
0.524 radians
v) Surcharge Angle Ө 0 degrees
0.000 radians
vi) Coefficient of friction µ 0.65
vii) Surcharge Load Ws 0 KN/sqm

2 Pressure Coefficients
i) Active Pressure Coefficients Ca 0.333
=(cosӨ-√(cos2Ө-cos2Ø)*cosӨ) /
(cosӨ+√(cos2Ө-cos2Ø))
ii) Passive Pressure Coefficients Cp 3.00
= (1+SinØ) / (1+SinØ)

3 Preliminary Dimensions
Proposed Adopted
i) Thickness of Stem ts min 200mm 0.23 meters
ii) Thickness of footing base slab tb = 0.08 * (h + hs) 0.12 meters 0.30 meters
iii) Length of base slab L = 1.5 * √(Ca/3) * (h + hs) 0.75 meters
1.90 meters
L = 0.6h to 0.65h 0.98 meters

iv) Extra Height of Retaining Wall due to Surcharge hs = Ws/γs 0.00 meters
v) Total Height of Retaining Wall due to Surcharge Hs = h+hs 1.50 meters

vi) Extra Height of RW due to inclined back fill hi = (L-ts)* tanӨ 0.00 meters
vii) Total Height of RW due to inclined back fill Hi = h+hi 1.50 meters

viii) Design Height of RW considered H = Max of H1 & H2 1.50 meters

4 Stability against Overturning

i) Active pressure due Surcharge Load PHS = Ca*Ws*h 0 KN
ii) Active pressure due Backfill Load PH = Ca*γs*h2 / 2 8 KN
iii) Total Load on stem (Force) Pa = PHS + PH 8 KN
iv) Overturning Moment due to Imposed load MOIL = PHS*h/2 0 KN
v) Overturning Moment due to Backfill load MODL = PH*h/3 4 KN
vi) Overturning Moment Mo = (1.2*MDIL) + (1.4*MOIL) 5 KN

v) Load Lever arm at end of stem Moment

W1 Backfill Load = (L-ts)*(h-tb)*γs 44 KN ((L-ts) / 2) + ts 1.07 meters 47 KNm
W2 Inclined Backfill Load = ((L-ts)*hi)/2*γs 0 KN ((L-ts) / 3) + ts 0.79 meters 0 KNm
W3 Stem self weight = ts*(h-tb)*γconc 7 KN ts / 2 0.12 meters 1 KNm
W4 Base self weight = L*tb*γconc 14 KN L/2 0.95 meters 14 KNm
∑W 65 KN ∑Mw 61 KNm

viii) Mw not less than (1.2*MODL) +(1.4*MOIL) Safe against Overturning

-clause 20.1 page 33 of IS 456 2000

5 Stability against Sliding

i) Sliding Force Pa = PHS + PH 8 KN
ii) Resisting Force F = µ*∑W 42 KN

iii) (FS)SL= (0.9*F)/(Pa) 4.63 > 1.4 Safe against Sliding

-clause 20.2 page 33 of IS 456 2000

6 Soil Pressures at footing base

i) Net Moment at toe Mn = Mw - Mo 57 KN
ii) Point of application of Resultant R x = Mn/W 0.88 meters
iii) Eccentricity e = (L/2) - x 0.07 meters L/6= 0.32
e<L6 Eccentricity lies within middle third of the base hence OK

iv) Pressure Distridution on soil qmax = W/L * (1+(6*e/L)) 42 KN/sqm

qmin = W/L * (1-(6*e/L)) 26 KN/sqm
Max Pressure qmax<SBC hence pressure on base is OK

Pressure at junction of stem and

v) qsh=qmax-((qmax-qmin)/L)*ts) 40 KN/sqm
heel
7 Constants for Working Stress Method

Design Constants
i) Grade of concrete 30 MPa
ii) Grade of steel 500 MPa

iii) Compr stress in concrete c 10.0 table 21 page 81 IS 456

iv) Tensile stress in steel t 275
v) Modular ratio m = 280/3c 9.33
vi) Neutral axis depth factor k=mc/(mc+t) 0.253
vii) Lever arm j = 1 - k/3 0.916
viii) Factor R= cjk / 2 1.160

8 Design

A) Stem
i) Beanding Moment at base of stem M = MODL + MOIL 4 KN/m

ii) Thickness required dreq=√(Ms/(R*b) 0.00 meters

iii) Thickness provided ts 0.23 meters
Thickness of Stem is OK

iv) Ast required Ast = M/(t*j*tse) 96 sqmm

v) Ast provided 8 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 335 sqmm
vi) Percentage of Steel pt = Ast/(b*d) 0.06 %
Steel OK

B) Base Slab
Force Lever arm from end of stem Moment
i) Force due to backfill+surcharge = (H2-tb)*(L-ts)*γs 44 (L-ts) / 2 0.84 meters 37 KNm
ii) Force due to inclined backfill = hi/2*(L-ts)*γs 0 (L-ts) / 3 0.56 meters 0 KNm
iii) Self Weight of base slab =L *tb*γconc 14 L/2 0.95 meters 14 KNm
∑Ws 58 Md 50 KNm
vi) Upward soil pressure Nup = ((qsh+qmin)/2)*(L-ts) 56 ((qsh+(2*qmin))/(qsh+qmin)) * 0.78 meters 43 KNm
Downward Pressure is greater ((L-ts)/3) Mu 43 KNm

v) Bending Moment Msh = Mu-Md 7

vi) Thickness required dreq=√(Ms/(R*b) 0.08 meters

Thickness of Stem is OK
vii) Thickness provided ts 0.30 meters

viii) Ast required Ast = M/(t*j*tse) 117 sqmm

ix) Ast provided 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 754 sqmm
x) Percentage of Steel pt = Ast/(b*d) 0.05 %
Steel OK

C) Reinforcement Details

FILL
 DESIGN OF L Shaped Cantilever RETAINING WALL

1 Preliminary Data
i) Height of Retaining Wall h 2.50 meters
ii) Soil Density γs 22 KN/cum
iii) SBC qo 150 KN/sqm
iv) Angle of repose Ø 30 degrees
0.524 radians
v) Surcharge Angle Ө 0 degrees
0.000 radians
vi) Coefficient of friction µ 0.65
vii) Surcharge Load Ws 0 KN/sqm

2 Pressure Coefficients
i) Active Pressure Coefficients Ca 0.333
=(cosӨ-√(cos2Ө-cos2Ø)*cosӨ) /
(cosӨ+√(cos2Ө-cos2Ø))
ii) Passive Pressure Coefficients Cp 3.00
= (1+SinØ) / (1+SinØ)

3 Preliminary Dimensions
Proposed Adopted
i) Thickness of Stem ts min 200mm 0.23 meters
ii) Thickness of footing base slab tb = 0.08 * (h + hs) 0.20 meters 0.30 meters
iii) Length of base slab L = 1.5 * √(Ca/3) * (h + hs) 1.25 meters
2.25 meters
L = 0.6h to 0.65h 1.63 meters

iv) Extra Height of Retaining Wall due to Surcharge hs = Ws/γs 0.00 meters
v) Total Height of Retaining Wall due to Surcharge Hs = h+hs 2.50 meters

vi) Extra Height of RW due to inclined back fill hi = (L-ts)* tanӨ 0.00 meters
vii) Total Height of RW due to inclined back fill Hi = h+hi 2.50 meters

viii) Design Height of RW considered H = Max of H1 & H2 2.50 meters

4 Stability against Overturning

i) Active pressure due Surcharge Load PHS = Ca*Ws*h 0 KN
ii) Active pressure due Backfill Load PH = Ca*γs*h2 / 2 23 KN
iii) Total Load on stem (Force) Pa = PHS + PH 23 KN
iv) Overturning Moment due to Imposed load MOIL = PHS*h/2 0 KN
v) Overturning Moment due to Backfill load MODL = PH*h/3 19 KN
vi) Overturning Moment Mo = (1.2*MDIL) + (1.4*MOIL) 23 KN

v) Load Lever arm at end of stem Moment

W1 Backfill Load = (L-ts)*(h-tb)*γs 98 KN ((L-ts) / 2) + ts 1.24 meters 121 KNm
W2 Inclined Backfill Load = ((L-ts)*hi)/2*γs 0 KN ((L-ts) / 3) + ts 0.90 meters 0 KNm
W3 Stem self weight = ts*(h-tb)*γconc 13 KN ts / 2 0.12 meters 1 KNm
W4 Base self weight = L*tb*γconc 17 KN L/2 1.13 meters 19 KNm
∑W 127 KN ∑Mw 142 KNm

viii) Mw not less than (1.2*MODL) +(1.4*MOIL) Safe against Overturning

-clause 20.1 page 33 of IS 456 2000

5 Stability against Sliding

i) Sliding Force Pa = PHS + PH 23 KN
ii) Resisting Force F = µ*∑W 83 KN

iii) (FS)SL= (0.9*F)/(Pa) 3.25 > 1.4 Safe against Sliding

-clause 20.2 page 33 of IS 456 2000

6 Soil Pressures at footing base

i) Net Moment at toe Mn = Mw - Mo 123 KN
ii) Point of application of Resultant R x = Mn/W 0.96 meters
iii) Eccentricity e = (L/2) - x 0.16 meters L/6= 0.38
e<L6 Eccentricity lies within middle third of the base hence OK

iv) Pressure Distridution on soil qmax = W/L * (1+(6*e/L)) 81 KN/sqm

qmin = W/L * (1-(6*e/L)) 32 KN/sqm
Max Pressure qmax<SBC hence pressure on base is OK

Pressure at junction of stem and

v) qsh=qmax-((qmax-qmin)/L)*ts) 76 KN/sqm
heel
7 Constants for Working Stress Method

Design Constants
i) Grade of concrete 30 MPa
ii) Grade of steel 500 MPa

iii) Compr stress in concrete c 10.0 table 21 page 81 IS 456

iv) Tensile stress in steel t 275
v) Modular ratio m = 280/3c 9.33
vi) Neutral axis depth factor k=mc/(mc+t) 0.253
vii) Lever arm j = 1 - k/3 0.916
viii) Factor R= cjk / 2 1.160

8 Design

A) Stem
i) Beanding Moment at base of stem M = MODL + MOIL 19 KN/m

ii) Thickness required dreq=√(Ms/(R*b) 0.00 meters

iii) Thickness provided ts 0.23 meters
Thickness of Stem is OK

iv) Ast required Ast = M/(t*j*tse) 446 sqmm

v) Ast provided 8 mm dia @ 100 mm c/c 503 sqmm
vi) Percentage of Steel pt = Ast/(b*d) 0.26 %
Steel OK

B) Base Slab
Force Lever arm from end of stem Moment
i) Force due to backfill+surcharge = (H2-tb)*(L-ts)*γs 98 (L-ts) / 2 1.01 meters 99 KNm
ii) Force due to inclined backfill = hi/2*(L-ts)*γs 0 (L-ts) / 3 0.67 meters 0 KNm
iii) Self Weight of base slab =L *tb*γconc 17 L/2 1.13 meters 19 KNm
∑Ws 115 Md 118 KNm
vi) Upward soil pressure Nup = ((qsh+qmin)/2)*(L-ts) 109 ((qsh+(2*qmin))/(qsh+qmin)) * 0.87 meters 95 KNm
Downward Pressure is greater ((L-ts)/3) Mu 95 KNm

v) Bending Moment Msh = Mu-Md 22

vi) Thickness required dreq=√(Ms/(R*b) 0.14 meters

Thickness of Stem is OK
vii) Thickness provided ts 0.30 meters

viii) Ast required Ast = M/(t*j*tse) 370 sqmm

ix) Ast provided 12 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 754 sqmm
x) Percentage of Steel pt = Ast/(b*d) 0.15 %
Steel OK

C) Reinforcement Details

FILL
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