Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 15 views

    E41ad 9d85

    Uploaded by

    sayyed bassir ajelleh
    This document discusses oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions and how to balance redox equations using two methods: 1) The oxidation number method which involves writing the overall molecular equation and balancing it by changing the oxidation numbers of elements involved in oxidation and reduction half reactions. 2) The ion-electron method which involves writing the molecular equation in ionic form, separating it into oxidation and reduction half reactions, and balancing each half reaction electrically before combining them into the overall ionic equation. This method is used for both acidic and basic solutions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    E41ad 9d85

    Uploaded by

    sayyed bassir ajelleh
    15 views18 pages
    This document discusses oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions and how to balance redox equations using two methods: 1) The oxidation number method which involves writing the overall molecular equation and balancing it by changing the oxidation numbers of elements involved in oxidation and reduction half reactions. 2) The ion-electron method which involves writing the molecular equation in ionic form, separating it into oxidation and reduction half reactions, and balancing each half reaction electrically before combining them into the overall ionic equation. This method is used for both acidic and basic solutions.

    Original Title

    e41ad_9d85

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions and how to balance redox equations using two methods: 1) The oxidation number method which involves writing the overall molecular equation and balancing it by changing the oxidation numbers of elements involved in oxidation and reduction half reactions. 2) The ion-electron method which involves writing the molecular equation in ionic form, separating it into oxidation and reduction half reactions, and balancing each half reaction electrically before combining them into the overall ionic equation. This method is used for both acidic and basic solutions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views18 pages

    E41ad 9d85

    Uploaded by

    sayyed bassir ajelleh
    This document discusses oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions and how to balance redox equations using two methods: 1) The oxidation number method which involves writing the overall molecular equation and balancing it by changing the oxidation numbers of elements involved in oxidation and reduction half reactions. 2) The ion-electron method which involves writing the molecular equation in ionic form, separating it into oxidation and reduction half reactions, and balancing each half reaction electrically before combining them into the overall ionic equation. This method is used for both acidic and basic solutions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 18

    Chemical Equations

    Redox Reactions
    (electron-transfer reactions)

    Oxidation Number

    Oxidation & Reduction

    Balancing Redox Reactions


    Oxidation number(oxidation state)
    # of e- lost, gained or unequally shared by the atom

    “pseudocharge” assigned according to arbitrary rules . (rules p.436)

    1. ON of an element in an elementary substance is zero

    2. H ON = +1, except in metal hydrides NaH, CaH2 What is it?

    3. O ON = -2 in most compounds, -1 in peroxides Na2O2 , +2 in OF2

    4. ON of metallic elements in ionic compounds is positive.

    5. Negative ON is assigned to the most electronegative element


    in a covalent compound.
    Oxidation number. Calculation
    ?
    Determine the ON of As in K 3AsO4 +1 -2
     ON 0 K 3AsO4
    6. In a compound: i
    i

    As + (-2)x4 +(+1)x3 = 0 As = +5
    ?
    -2
    Determine the ON of Cr in Cr2O72-
    Cr2O72-
    7. In a PAI:  ON i  charge PAI
    i

    2Cr + (-2)x7 = -2 2Cr = +12 Cr = +6


    Oxidation & Reduction
    Oxidation (lost of electrons)

    ON
    -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
    Reduction (gain of electrons)

    oxid. # H increases from 0 to +1 (oxidizes)

    REDUCING AGENT
    O2(g) + H2(g) 2H2O(l)
    OXIDIZING AGENT

    oxid. # O decreases from 0 to -2 (reduces)


    Balancing Redox Equations
     Oxidation number method

    (Molecular redox equations)


    Two Methods

     Ion-electron method

    (Ionic redox equations)


    Oxidation number method
    Oxidation

    2KMnO4 + 6 HCl + 5H2S 2 KCl +2 MnCl2 +5 S + 8 H2O

    +1 -2 +1 -1 +1 -2 +1 -1 -1 0
    +7 +2

    Reduction
    Reduction: Mn+7 +5e- Mn+2 x 2

    Oxidation: S-2 S0 + 2e- x 5

    2Mn+7 + 5S-2 + 10e- 2Mn+2 + 5 S0 + 10e-


    2Mn+7 + 5 S-2 2Mn+2 + 5 S0
    Ion-electron method (rules p. 443-444)

    Mass and charge must balance

     Acidic Medium H+(aq)

     Basic Medium OH-(aq)

    Neutralization:

    H+(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O(l)


    Ion-electron method (Acidic Medium)
    KMnO4 + HCl + H2S KCl + MnCl2 + S + H2O

    write the molecular equation in ionic form

    K + (aq) + MnO4 - (aq) + H+ (aq) + Cl - (aq ) + 2H+ (aq) + S2-(aq) =

    K + (aq) + Cl - (aq ) + Mn2+ (aq) + 2Cl - (aq ) ) + S0(s) + H2O

    Eliminating spectator ions (appear in both sides of the equation)

    Net ionic Equation Oxidation

    MnO4 - (aq) + H+ (aq) + S2-(aq) Mn 2+ (aq) + S0 (s)

    Reduction
    Write the two half reactions

    Reduction: MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- Mn+2 + 4H2O x 2

    Oxidation: S-2 S0 + 2e- x5

    2MnO4- + 16H+ + 5 S-2 2Mn+2 + 5S0 + 8H2O

     Balance elements other than O and H


     Balance O and H, acidic medium:

     Balance each half reaction electrically with electrons:


     Equalize loss and gain of e-
     Add the half equations
    Ion-electron method (Basic Medium)
    Oxidation

    SbO2 - (aq) + ClO2 (aq) Sb(OH)6 - (aq) + ClO2 - (aq)

    Reduction

    Write the two half reactions

    Oxidation: SbO2 Sb(OH)6 -

    Reduction: ClO2 ClO2 -


     Balance elements other than O and H
     Balance O and H, ACIDIC medium,
     NEUTRALIZE: add OH- in both sides of the equation

     Balance each half reaction electrically with electrons:


     Equalize loss and gain of e-

    Oxidation: SbO2 - + 4H2O + 2OH- Sb(OH)6 - + 2OH- + 2H+

    SbO2 - + 4H2O + 2OH- Sb(OH)6 - + 2H2O

    SbO2 - + 2H2O + 2OH- Sb(OH)6 - + 2e-

    Reduction: ClO2 + e- ClO2 - x 2

    SbO2 - + 2OH - + 2H2O + 2ClO2 2ClO2 - + Sb(OH)6 -


    Activity Series K K + + e-
    Ba Ba+2 + 2e-
    of Metals Ca Ca2+ + 2e-
    (table 17.3) Na Na+ + e-
    Mg Mg2+ + 2e-
    Al Al3+ + 3e-
    Zn Zn2+ + 2e-
    Cr Cr3+ + 3e-
    Fe Fe2+ + 2e-
    Ni Ni2+ + 2e-
    Sn Sn2+ + 2e-
    Pb Pb2+ + 2e-
    H2 2H + + 2e-
    Cu Cu2+ + 2e-
    As As3++ 3e-
    Ag Ag + + e-
    Hg Hg2++ 2e-
    Au Au3+ + 3e-

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy