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Neuron Part I

The document summarizes key concepts about the nervous system from a textbook chapter. It defines the nervous system as consisting of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS processes information and forms responses, while the PNS gathers information and carries responses between the CNS and other organs. The basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the neuron, which consists of a cell body, dendrites that receive signals, and an axon that carries signals. Neurons can be classified based on their structure as multipolar, bipolar, or unipolar, and based on their function as sensory, motor, or interneurons.

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12 views

Neuron Part I

The document summarizes key concepts about the nervous system from a textbook chapter. It defines the nervous system as consisting of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS processes information and forms responses, while the PNS gathers information and carries responses between the CNS and other organs. The basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the neuron, which consists of a cell body, dendrites that receive signals, and an axon that carries signals. Neurons can be classified based on their structure as multipolar, bipolar, or unipolar, and based on their function as sensory, motor, or interneurons.

Uploaded by

johnathan
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Unit 8 Chapter 31

Nervous System
Concept 31.1:
The Neuron (Part I)
p. 896 – 900
Lesson Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
 Define and identify the parts of the nervous
system
 Describe the structure of a neuron
 Identify the types of neurons based on their
structure and function
INTRODUCTION
 An animal’s activities are coordinated
mainly by its nervous and endocrine systems.
Functions of the Nervous System
1. Gather information from inside the
body or the outside environment

2. Process and interpret the information

3. Respond in an appropriate way


Nervous System
Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System
(CNS) (PNS)
- Processes the - Gathers information
information and and sends it to the CNS
forms a response; it
is the center of - Carries the response of
command the CNS to glands and
muscles
Nervous System
Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System
(CNS) (PNS)

Brain Spinal cord Nerves


Controls Controls Deliver information to
voluntary involuntary the CNS and carry
actions reflex messages from the
actions CNS to other organs
The Neuron
 The neuron is the smallest structural and
functional unit of the nervous system.
Structure of a Neuron

Fig. 31-2 p.897


Direction of nerve message
A neuron consists of:
 a cell body (contains the nucleus, cytoplasm
and organelles)
 dendrites (receive impulses from other
neurons and carry them to the cell body)
 an axon (carries impulses away from the cell
body). The axon may be surrounded by a
myelin sheath that has gaps called nodes of
Ranvier.
The myelin sheath forms an electrically
insulating layer that protects the axon, and
enhances the transmission of the electrical
impulses.

The nodes of Ranvier


facilitate the rapid
conduction of nerve
impulses.
Neuron (Nerve cell): Cell that transmits
messages in the nervous system
Nerve (Tissue): Bundle of neurons
Types of Neurons (Based on Function)
Types of Neurons (Based on Function)

Sensory Motor
Interneurons
neurons neurons
Conduct nerve Process signals Conduct nerve
message from from sensory message from
sensory neurons & send CNS to effector
receptors to them to other organs
the CNS interneurons or (muscles or
motor neurons glands)
Types of Neurons (Based on Structure)
Multipolar Bipolar Unipolar
neuron neuron neuron

Motor neurons Specialized Sensory neurons


Interneurons sensory neurons
STUDY WELL
&
STAY SAFE

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