Scribd
Upload
9 views

Nervous Control

Uploaded by

zoeakat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views

Nervous Control

Uploaded by

zoeakat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

NERVOUS

CONTROL
THE NEED FOR COMMUNICATION

Why do organisms require a communication system


 1. To detect and respond to changes in their external environment
 2. To detect and respond to changes in their internal environment
 3. To coordinate the functions of the different systems
A good communication system needs to be
able to:
 cover the whole body
 enable cells to communicate
 detect and respond to stimuli
 allow for long term and short term responses
 allow for specific communication
NERVOUS SYSTEM-:
IS A MEANS OF COORDINATING ACTIVITIES AND REACTIONS TO
STIMULI WITH THE HELP OF THE FOLLOWING PARTS:
1. Receptors: Sensory cells or organs that detect stimuli from the external and internal
environment, transferring information (impulses) to the nerve cells.
2. 2. Nerve cells (neurones): specialised cells that transmit information in the form of
nerve impulses.
3. 3. CNS (central nervous system): Made of the brain and spinal cord. It is part of the
NS (nervous system) that coordinates and processes the information.
4. 4. Effector: a structure, gland or organ that responds to the stimuli.
5. 5. PNS (Peripheral nervous system): Nerves (cranial and spinal).
NEURONES
A neuron is the fundamental unit of the nervous system.
 A neuron is a specialized cell that transmits nerve impulses.
It’s like a tiny messenger within your body, carrying important signals from one pl
ace to another
1
.
 Structure:
Neurons have three main parts:
 Dendrites: These branch-like structures receive messages from other neurons and
allow the transmission of messages to the cell body.
 Cell Body: Each neuron has a cell body containing a nucleus, Golgi body, endoplasmic
reticulum, mitochondria, and other components.
 Axon: The axon is a tube-like structure that carries electrical impulses from the cell
body to the axon terminals, which then pass the impulse to another neuron.
 There are THREE types of neurones, each with a different function:
 1. Sensory neurones: Transmit impulses from receptors to the CNS.
 2. Relay neurones (a.k.a intermediate or connector neurones):
transmit impulses from sensory neurones to motor neurones.
 3. Motor neurones: Transmit impulses from the CNS to effectors
SENSORY NUERONES

 is a nerve cell that detects and responds to external signals. Sensory neurons
receive information via their receptors, which are part of the peripheral nervous
system, and convert this information into electrical impulses.
 Has a single dendron which brings impulses towards the cell body.
 It has a single axon which carries impulses away from the cell body.
RELAY NUERONES

 A.k.a intermediate or connector neurone.


 Found entirely within the CNS.
 Have numerous short fibres. Each fibre is a thread like extension of a nerve cell.
 Relays impulses to other neurones.
 Relay neurons, also known as interneurons, are a type of neuron that forms
connections between other neurons. They are neither motor neurons nor sensory
neurons. Relay neurons are found in the brain and spinal cord and allow sensory
and motor neurons to communicate. They play vital roles in reflexes, neuronal
oscillations, and neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain.
MOTOR NUERONES

 Motor neurone’s cell body lies within the spinal cord or brain.
 Dark specks that can be seen in the cytoplasm are regions of RER that synthesise
proteins.
 A motor neurone has many branched dendrites through which it receives information.
 The axon of a motor neurone is much longer and conducts impulses over long
distances. The cytoplasm of axon contains large number of mitochondria together
with many vesicles containing chemical transmitters. These vesicles are involved in
passing impulses to an effector
 . Motor neurons integrate signals from the brain and communicate with muscles,
glands, and organs to carry out motor functions. Without motor neurons, basic life
functions like movement, speech, swallowing, and breathing would be impossible.
MYELIN

 Surrounding the neurones are different types of supporting cells called glia cells.
 Glia cells nourish, protect and insulate neurones.
 In the PNS, the axons of many neurones are enclosed by glia cells called Schwann cells.
 Schwann cells are wrapped around the axon many times in a spiral to form a thick lipid layer
called the myelin sheath. -
 The myelin sheath provides physical protection, nourishment and electrical insulation for the
axon, which greatly speeds up the transmission of impulses (action potentials).
 Between each pair of Schwann cells is a tiny uncovered junction or gap called the node of
Ranvier.
 The myelin sheath and the junctions help increase the speed at which impulses are conducted.
 Not all neurones are myelinated.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy