HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS

- hydrometeorological hazards are processes or phenomena of atmospheric, hydrological or

TYPHOON

- a typhoon is a large ,powerful and violent tropical cyclone. it is a low pressure area rotating coumter-
clockwise and containing rising warm air that forms over warm water in the western pacific ocean.
- less powerful tropical cyclones are called tropical depression and tropical storms.
- a typhoon is called a hurricane in the atlantic ocean, a cyclone in indian ocean and wily-wily in australia.
typhoons can conflict terrible damages due to thunderstorms, violent winds, torrential rain, floods,
landslides,large and very big waves associated with storm surge.

SIGNS OF IMPENDING TYPHOON

96 HOURS BEFORE LAND FALL - at first there aren't any apparent signs of storm. The barometer is steady, winds
are light and variable, and fair-weather cumulus clouds appear.

72 HOURS BEFORE LAND FALL - little has changed, except that the swell on the ocean surface has increased to
about 6 feet and the waves come in every nine seconds. This means that the storm, far over the horizon, is
approaching.

48 HOURS BEFORE LAND FALL - the sky is now clear of clouds, the barometer is steady, and the wind is almost
calm. The swell is now about nine feet and coming in every 8 seconds.

36 HOURS BEFORE LAND FALL - the first signs of storms appear. The barometer is falling slightly, the wind is around
11mph , and the ocean swell is about 13 feet and coming in seven seconds apart.

30 HOURS BEFORE LAND FALL - the sky is covered by a high overcast. The barometer is falling at.1 millibar per
hour; wind picks up to about 23 mph. The ocean swell, coming in five seconds apart, is beginning to be obscured by
wind-driven waves and small whitecaps begin to appear on the ocean surface

BEFORE A TYPHOON

Have A Disaster Plan.

Board Up Windows.

Know where All The Evacuation Routes Are.

Prepare A Disaster Supply Kit For your Home And Supply.

Have Enough Food And Water For At Least Three Days, Including A First Aid Kit

Have Some Cash Handy- Banks And Atms May Be Temporarily Closed.

Make Sure Your Car Is Filled With Gasoline.

Stay away from low-lying and flood-prone areas.

Leave moble homes and go to a shelter.

AFTER TYPHOON

Check for injured or trapped people without putting yourself in danger.

Watch out flooding, which can happen after a typhoon.

Do not attempt to drive in flooding water.

Stay away from standing water- it may be electrically charged from underground or drowned power lines.

Dont drink tap water until officials say it's safe to do so

THUNDERSTORMS - a thunderstorm is a weather condition that produces lightning and thunder, heavy rainfall
from comulonimbus clouds and possibly a tornado. it is a violent local disturbance accompanied by lightning,
thunder and heavy rain and often by strong gust of wind, and sometimes by hail.

BEFORE A THUNDERSTORM

Develop a family preparedness plan.

Learn more about your area's severe thunderstorm risk.

Discuss how to be warned of an approaching thunderstorm.

Recommend trimming and removal of dead or rotting trees that could fall and may cause damage or injury.

Secure house doors and windows both from the inside and outside.

DURING A THUNDERSTORM

Learn to do the lightning safety position and stay away from structures, trees, towers, fences, telephone line, or
power line if out in the open area.

Carefully watch out for falling debris and flashsloods.

Stay calm throughout the occurence of thunderstorm.

Postpone all outdoor activities.

Avoid plumbing and bathroom fixtures that are good conductors of electricity.

Unplug or turn off all appliances and other electrical items such as computers.
Turn off air conditioner and television and stay off the phone until the storm is over. Use a battery operated radio
for gaining information.

Choose and move to a "safe place" in your house(if there is any) where members of the family can gather during a
thunderstorm preferably on lowest floor of your house.

FLASH FLOOD - a flash flood is arapid flooding of geomorphic low-lyig areas like washes, rivers, dry lakes, and
basins.

- A flood caused by a heavy or excessive rainfall in a short period of time, generally less than 6 hours.

SIGNS

Sudden surge of water

Roaring sound of water.

Changes in water color.

BEFORE

Be alert

Assemble disaster supplies

Prepare to evacuate.

DURING

Get out of low areas subject to flooding

Never try to walk or swim through flowing water

If driving, do not drive trough flooded roadways.

Go to high ground- climb safely.

AFTER

WAIT UNTIL IT IS SAFE TO RETURN.

USE EXTREME CAUTION WHEN ENTERING BUILDINGS.

IF A BUILDING WAS FLOODED, CHECK FOR SAFETY BEFORE ENTERING.

FLOOD - occurs when prolonged rain falls over several days, when intense rain falls over a short period fof time, or
when an ice or debris jam causes a river or stream to over flow in a surrounding area. flooding can also result from
failure of a water controls structure, such as levee dam.

Floods are basically hydrological phenomena caused by storm surges, and tsunami along coastal areas.
Two key elements are rainfall intensity and duration. Intensity is the rate of rainfall, and duration is how long the
rain lasts.

STORM SURGE - is the ride of sea water above nornal sea level over the coast, generated by the action of weather
elements such as cyclonic wind atmospheric pressure. Sea level is raised and driven towards rhe coast. Where the
depth is shallow and the slope of the sea bed is gradual, the natural flow of water is delayed by the effect of
friction on the sea bed.

- As more water moves from the sea to th coast excess water piles up on the shore line. This piling up of
water makes a large volume of water which might eventually flow into hinterland some distance from the
coast. Depending upon the shape of th coastline and the slope of the sea bed, storm surge can sweep
across large portions of coastal areas.

BEFORE STORM SURGE

KNOW THE STORM SURGE RISK ZONES AND IDENTIFY SAFER GROUNDS FOR RELOCATION IF NECESSARY.

ENSURE THAT EVERYONE IS FAMILIAR WITH THE IDENTIFIED ESCAPE ROUTES OF THE FAMILY TO THE HIGHER
GROUNDS

STAY OFF THE BEACH WHEN WEATHER DISTURBANCE EXISTS.

HELP ESTABLISH EVACUATION PLANS AND PROCEDURES.

PARTICIPATE IN THE REGULAR CONDUCT OF DRILLS AND EXERCISES.

DURING STORMSURGE

IMMEDIATELY MOVE TO HIGHER GROUNDS UPON DETECTION OF SIGNS OF A PROBABLE STORM SURGE OR UPON
RECIEVING A WARNING THAT A STORM SURGE IS EMINENT.

BE ALERT OF AND STAY WAY FROM STEEP, HIGH COASTAL AREAS WHICH ARE PRONE TO LANDSLIDES.

SWITCH OFF POWER SUPPLY.

STAY ON THE INLAND SIDE AWAY FROM THE POTENTIAL FLOW OF WATER.

IF CAUGHT IN A STORM SURGE, TAKE HOLD OF LARGE BOULDERS OR TREE TRUNKS WHICH CAN PROVIDE
PROTECTION FROM THE FORCE OF WATER.

AFTER STORMSURGE

DO NOT EAT FRESH FOOD THAT CAME IN CONTACT WITH FLOOD WATERS.

DRINKING WATER SHOULD BE SUBMITTED TO PROPER AUTHORITIESFOR TESTING.

CHECK DAMAGES OF THE HOUSE TO ENSURE THAT THERE IS NO DANGER OF COLLAPSE.

CHECK HOUSE FOR ELECTRICAL DAMAGES AND OPEN LIVE WIRES.

HELP CLEAN ALL THE MUD AND DEBRIS IMMEDIATELY

SIGNS OF EL NINO

Rise in surface pressure over indian ocean, indonesia, and australia;

Fall air in pressure over tahiti and the rest of the central and and eastern pacific ocean;

Trade winds in the south pacific ocean weaken or head east.

WHAT TO DO BEFORE AND AFTER EL NINO

conserve water and use it wisely.

protect the water sources from contamination.

drink more fluids.

listen to the updates on shellfish ban.

THE ENSO CYCLE - is a scientific term that describes the fluctuations in temperature between the ocean and
atmosphere in the east-central equatorialpacific (approximately between the international date line and 120
degrees west

lA NINA - is sometimes referred to as the cold phase of enso and el nino as the warm phase of enso. These
deviations from normal surface temperatures can have large-scale impacts not only on ocean processes, but also
on global.

SIGNS OF LA NINA

SHORT-TERM BURSTS OF TROPICAL RAINFALLL ACTIVITY.

WATER TEMPERATURES AT SEA SURFACE AND AT DEPTH.

OCEAN HEAT CONTENT-MEASURING THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY STORED IN THE OCEAN.

THE SOUTHERN OSCILLATION INDEX.

ATMOSPHERIC AIR PRESSURE.

CLOUDINESS-MEASURING THE AMOUNT OF CLOUD IN TROPICAL REGIONS.

BEFORE LA NINA

Inspect your place or house and secure it, make sure that your drainages are cler.

Know news about dams and flood emergencies around you.

Charge and prepare your emergency flashlight.

Stay inside the house and only come out when needed.

Stay updated with emergency news and weather uodates.

AFTER LA NINA

Check all casualties it has caused in your surroundings

TOOLS IN TRACKING THE STORM

SATELLITE - IS THE MOST ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY USED IN MONITORING A CYCLONE OR TYPHOON.IT CAN
VISUALIZE EXACTLY IN REAL TIME THE INFORMATION AND THE PATH OF A CYCLONE.

DOPPLER RADAR - IS AN ACRONYM FOR RADIO DETECTION AND RANGING. RADAR DETECTION DEVICES EMIT AND
RECIEVE RADIO WAVES TO DETERMINE THE DISTANCE FROM THE SOURCE TO THE OBJECT BY MEASURING THE
TIME IF IT TAKES FOR THE ECHO OF THE WAVE TO RETURN.