FireSafety - Onshore Instations 31.05.2023

Fire Safety at
Oil & Gas Installations

TAUFIQUE HAIDER
Executive Engineer (P)
ONGC, Cambay Asset
1
Course Outline
üTypes of Installations
üCategorization of onshore Installations
üCodes & Standards
üFire Fighting Resources
üSalient features of design criteria for FFF
systems.
üSOPs
2
Types of
3
Installations
Upstream Installations
Mobile Installations
Drilling Rigs
Work Over Rigs
Fixed Installations
WHI / QPS / EPS
GGS / OCS
CTF
GCS / GCP
Oil & Gas Processing Plant (Onshore / Offshore)
De-salter Plant
Chemical / Water Injection Plant
ETP
4
Downstream Installations
Refineries
Petroleum Depots. & Terminals
Pipeline Installations
Lube Oil Installations
Grease Manufacturing & Filling Facilities
LPG Storage Depots.
LPG Bottling Plants
Valve Stations
Compressor Stations
5
Categorization of Upstream Installations
6
Codes & Standards
Code of Safe Practices (CSP)
§ OMR – 2017
OISD Standards
Other Standards
BIS
NFPA
API
FM
UL
EN
7
Code of Safe Practices (CSP)

ØIt is internal code of ONGC for ensuring
the safety in its various operational activities.
ØEarlier it was known as Recommended
Code of Practices (RCP).
ØIt covers Onshore as well as Offshore areas
ØIt is in two Volumes, Fire Safety Aspects are
covered in Part - 5 of Volume-I:
8
Code of Safe Practices (Contd.)
It Provides Guidelines for:
Portable fire extinguishers and other first aid fire
fighting equipments & accessories etc.
Fixed fire fighting system viz. fire water network,
hydrant & monitors, water spray, foam system, fire
water storage capacity, fire pumps etc.
Other Fire Suppression System
Fire Alarm & Communication system
Inspection & maintenance of fire equipments
Mobile Fire Appliances
Other aspects like Contingency plan, training etc.
9
OMR -2017
OMR : Oil Mines Regulations
Enacted in 1984 by the Act of Parliament.
Revised in 2017.
Statutory in nature.
Chapter –VIII deals with the Protection
against Gas and Fire.
Rule 100 describes the
(Chapter –VIII)
requireme of Fire Fighting
(These equipments.
nt shall be as per OISD Std. -116,117 & 189).
Ø Rule 101 & 102 describes the Fire Fighting Training
& Emergency Response Plan respectively.
1
0
OISD Standards
ØOISD: Oil Industry Safety Directorate.
ØEstablished in the year 1986.
ØApplicable for Onshore &
Offshore Areas.
ØRecommendations are mandatory
in nature.
ØTill date more than 100 std. have been
formulated.
1
1
OISD Standards (Contd.)

STD - 105 : Work Permit System
STD - 116: Petroleum Refineries, Oil/Gas Processing Plants
and LPG storage, handling & Bottling Plants located within
the Refinery & Oil / Gas Processing Plants.
STD - 117 : Petroleum Depot /Terminals and Pipeline
Installations / CTF.
STD - 144 & 169 : LPG storage, handling & Bottling Plants
located out side the premises of Refinery & Oil / Gas
Processing Plants.
STD - 150 : LPG mounded bullets.
STD -189 : Drilling & WO Rigs, GGS/OCS, GCP/ GCS, EPS,
QPS / WHI.
STD - 226 : Natural Gas Transmission pipeline
12
Fire Fighting
13
Resources
Fire Fighting Resources at Installations

Portable Fire Extinguishers:
DCP, CO2, Clean Agent, Mechanical Foam etc .
Fixed Fire Fighting System:
Fire Water Network
Fire Water Pumps
Fire Hydrants
Water & Water cum Foam Monitors
Water Spray System
Foam Pourers : Fixed / Semi Fixed type
Automatic Rim Seal Fire Protection System
Mobile Fire Appliances: (Available at nearby Fire Station)
Water Tenders / Bowsers : Only Water
Foam Tenders : Water & Foam
Multipurpose Fire Tenders : Water, Foam & DCP
DCP Tender : Only Dry Chemical Powder
Foam Nurser : For supplying the foam compound
Emergency Rescue Tenders : Various types of Rescue Tools
Dewatering Tender : Heavy discharge capacity water pumps for flood
mitigation
1
4
Fire Fighting Resources at Drilling / WO Rigs
Portable Fire Extinguishers :
DCP, CO2, Clean Agent, Mechanical Foam, etc.
Semi Fixed Fire Fighting System:
Fire Water Network
Trailer Fire Pump (TFP)
Fire Hydrants
Water Monitors
Mobile Fire Appliances: (Available at nearby Fire Station)
Water Tenders / Bowsers : Only Water
Foam Tenders : Water & Foam
Multipurpose Fire Tenders : Water, Foam & DCP
DCP Tender : Only DCP
Foam Nurser : For supplying the foam compound
Emergency Rescue Tenders : Various types of Rescue Tools
Dewatering Tender : High discharge capacity water pumps for
flood mitigation
15
Salient Features of
Design Criterion for
Fixed Fire Fighting System
16
Guidelines / Design Criteria for FFF System
As Per OISD-116 : Fire protection facilities shall be designed
to fight 2 major fires simultaneously.
As per OISD-117: FW system shall be provided:

Single largest fire contingency : Where total tankage capacity is
up to 30,000 KL.
Two largest fire contingencies: Where total tankage capacity is
more than 30,000 KL.
All the tank farms and other areas of installation, where
hydrocarbons are handled shall be fully covered by hydrant /
monitors.
One / two (as applicable) of the largest flow rates calculated for
different sections, shall be added and that shall be taken as
design flow rate.
17

FW system shall be designed for a min. residual pressure of 7.0
kg/cm2 at remotest point of network at the designed flow rate
at that point.
Effective capacity of fire water tank above the level of suction

point shall be min. 4 hrs. aggregate working capacity of main
pumps.
Where the rate of make up water supply is 50% or more, this

storage capacity can be reduced to 3 hrs. working capacity of
main pumps.
FW Storage tank shall be in 2 equal interconnected

compartments to facilitate cleaning & repairs. In case of above
ground steel tanks, there shall be min. 2 tanks each having
50% of required capacity.
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FW Pumps shall be of electric motor & diesel engine driven
horizontal centrifugal pumps or vertical turbine submersible
pumps.
Nos. of diesel engine driven pumps shall be minimum 50% of

the total number of pumps (including standby pumps).
Minimum 50% of total flow requirement should be available

through diesel engine driven pumps all the time.
Capacity & nos. of main FW pumps shall be fixed based on

the basis of design FW flow rate, worked out on the basis of
single / two largest fire scenario.
Capacity of each FW pump shall not be less than 400 m3/hr.

or more than 1000 m3/hr. All pumps shall be of identical
capacity and head.
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Standby Pumps:
Total nos. of main pumps 1 or 2 : 100% standby pumps shall be
provided.
Total nos. of main pumps > 2 : 50% standby pumps shall be
provided.
FW network shall be kept pressurised at min. 7.0 kg/cm2 all
the time by jockey pumps. 2 (1W+1S) jockey pumps shall be
provided.
The capacity of jockey pumps shall be min 5% & max. 10% of
the design FW flow rate.
v FW Network:
FW network shall be laid in closed loops to ensure multi-
directional flow in the system.
FW network piping shall be laid above ground at a height of at
least 300 mm above FGL on RCC sleepers.
20
1
Isolation valves (IV) shall be provided in the network to enable
isolation of any section of the network without affecting the flow in
the rest.
Additional valves shall be provided in the segments where the

length of the segment exceeds 300 M.
Flushing connections with valves shall be provided at suitable

locations in the FW ring main.
At least one DHH shall be provided at every 30 m in operational

areas and 45 m in non operational areas.
Hydrants shall be located at a min. distance of 15 m from the

periphery of storage tank or equipment to be protected.
In the case of buildings, this distance shall not be less than 5m and
more than 15 m from the face of building.
21
22
SOPs
1
SOP for Conducting Mock Drills
When conducting the mock drills, remember the
following steps:
Assign the different responsibilities among the persons
(including security guard) available in your shift as specified
in ERP of the Installation.
Same procedure shall be followed in other shift groups.
Make action plans for different emergency scenarios inside
your Installation and rehearse one scenario every time.
Start the mock drill by noticing a fire / other emergency in a
predetermined area by a person by shouting “Fire….Fire ….
or AAG….AAG or other emergency.
Communicate with other personnel through Fire Bell / Siren
as applicable.
Try to fight the fire with available suitable type of fire
extinguisher.
23
SOP for Conducting Mock Drills

Some other person should start the fire pump.
One person should be available in C/R for coordination and

communication.
Inform the nearest Fire Station.
Security person should not allow unauthorized persons inside
the installation, keep main gate open for approaching Fire
Tender.
Guide the Fire Tender and assist the fire personnel in fire
fighting operations.
Inform the nearest doctor (if medical help is required).
In case of major fire / emergency , inform the senior officials and
take further necessary action as mentioned in ERP.
24
1
SOP For Fire Call Message to Fire Station
If you are giving a fire call / emergency message to Fire
Station, remember the following:
Keep yourself calm & cool, don’t get excited or nervous and
furnish the following information.
Intimate your name, designation and Installation / Rig etc.
Location of fire with nearest land mark (in case of Rig).
Type of fire / material involved in fire.
Approximate time of occurrence of fire).
Is any life is in danger.
Intimate your telephone no. if asked by Fire personal to verify
the genuineness of the call.
25
Emergency
Response Plan
2
1
Emergency Response Plan
vEmergency Response Plan (ERP):
- Are dynamic plans for emergency control
vObjectives :
To provide quick response to any fire or other
emergency situation within Installation and to
control the same within shortest possible time.
Outlines duties and responsibilities of all the

persons working in that Installation.
27
Emergency Response Plan

§ Emergency Response Plans in ONGC
ØCorporate Disaster Management Plan
ØAsset Disaster Management Plan

ØInstallation Specific Emergency Response Plan
(ERP).
ØDepartment / Services Specific ERP
28
1
SDR Mantra ?
29
SDR Mantra

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Fire Safety at

Oil & Gas Installations

Categorization of Upstream Installations

Code of Safe Practices (CSP)

OISD Standards (Contd.)

Fire Fighting Resources at Installations

As per OISD-117: FW system shall be provided:

Guidelines / Design Criteria for FFF System

Effective capacity of fire water tank above the level of suction

Where the rate of make up water supply is 50% or more, this

FW Storage tank shall be in 2 equal interconnected

Nos. of diesel engine driven pumps shall be minimum 50% of

Minimum 50% of total flow requirement should be available

Capacity & nos. of main FW pumps shall be fixed based on

Capacity of each FW pump shall not be less than 400 m3/hr.

Guidelines / Design Criteria for FFF System

Additional valves shall be provided in the segments where the

Flushing connections with valves shall be provided at suitable

At least one DHH shall be provided at every 30 m in operational

Hydrants shall be located at a min. distance of 15 m from the

SOP for Conducting Mock Drills

One person should be available in C/R for coordination and

Outlines duties and responsibilities of all the

Emergency Response Plan

ØAsset Disaster Management Plan

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