Capstone Online Agricultural Product Store
Capstone Online Agricultural Product Store
Capstone Online Agricultural Product Store
Identify Business Process Model for Online Agriculture Store – (Goal, Inputs,
Resources, Outputs, Activities, Value created to the end Customer)
Inputs:
Outputs:
Resources:
Activities:
2. Mr Karthik is doing SWOT analysis before he accepts this project. What Aspects he
Should consider as Strengths, as Weaknesses, as Opportunity and as Threats.
As a BA, I can suggest the following aspects for Mr. Karthik to consider in his SWOT
analysis for the online agriculture product store project:
Strengths:
● Mr. Henry's wealth and connections can be leveraged for marketing and
outreach.
● The project is a CSR initiative, which can improve the company's reputation and
public image.
● The involvement of Peter, Kevin, and Ben as stakeholders can provide valuable
insights into the needs and challenges of farmers.
Weaknesses:
● The remote location of the target users may present challenges in terms of
connectivity and logistics.
● The project has a fixed timeline of 18 months, which can put pressure on the
team to deliver within the deadline.
● The team may face challenges in integrating with different manufacturers and
suppliers of agriculture products, who may have their own proprietary systems.
Opportunities:
● The online agriculture product store can address a significant need in the market,
and potentially capture a large user base.
● The project can open up new avenues for collaboration and partnerships with
agriculture product manufacturers and suppliers.
● The project can provide an opportunity for the team to gain expertise in the
agriculture domain, which can be leveraged for future projects.
Threats:
● The project may face competition from other online agriculture product stores,
which may have established user bases and brand recognition.
● The team may face challenges in ensuring the quality and authenticity of the
products being sold on the platform, which can affect user trust.
● The project may face regulatory hurdles and compliance requirements,
particularly in terms of ensuring the safety and efficacy of the products being
sold.
To conduct a feasibility study for the online agriculture products store project in Java,
the following points should be considered:
2.Trained Resources:
3.Budget:
● Determine the budget required for the project, including hardware and software
costs, salaries of resources, and other expenses such as marketing, legal, and
administrative costs.
● Ensure that the budget is feasible and that the project can be completed within
the allocated funds.
4.Time Frame:
● Determine the time frame required for the project to be completed, including
development, testing, and deployment phases.
● Ensure that the time frame is realistic and achievable within the constraints of the
available resources and budget.
Based on the information provided, the project has a duration of 18 months under the
CSR initiative. Therefore, the feasibility study should consider these timelines and
ensure that the project can be completed within this period.
Once the feasibility study is completed, it will be easier to determine if the project is
viable and if the required resources are available. Additionally, it will help in identifying
any potential risks or challenges that may arise during the development process.
4. Mr Karthik must submit Gap Analysis to Mr Henry to convince to initiate this project.
What points (compare AS-IS existing process with TO-BE future Process) to showcase
in the GAP Analysis.
As a Business Analyst, to showcase the Gap Analysis, we need to compare the AS-IS
existing process with the TO-BE future process. Here are some points to be considered:
AS-IS Process:
1. Farmers have to physically visit the market to buy agricultural products such as
fertilizers, seeds, and pesticides.
2. Farmers have to rely on intermediaries for the procurement of these products,
which results in higher prices and sometimes even low-quality products.
3. Farmers often face difficulty in finding the right products according to their
specific crop requirements.
4. The lack of communication between the farmers and the manufacturers results in
farmers not being able to procure the latest and most effective products.
TO-BE Process:
1. Farmers will be able to order the required agricultural products online, saving
their time and efforts.
2. Farmers can buy products directly from the manufacturers at affordable prices,
eliminating intermediaries.
3. The Online store will have a search functionality to filter products based on crop
types, specific requirements, and other parameters, which will help farmers to
find the right products easily.
4. Through the Online store, the manufacturers can communicate with farmers and
provide them with the latest products and technologies, resulting in higher
productivity and better crop yield.
1. The online store should be user-friendly and accessible to farmers who may not
have much technical knowledge.
2. The payment gateway should be secure and reliable to ensure smooth
transactions.
3. The Online store should have an effective supply chain management system to
ensure timely delivery of products.
4. The online store should have a robust customer support system to address any
issues or queries raised by farmers.
By showcasing the above points, Mr Karthik can convince Mr Henry to initiate the
project and take the initiative forward.
5. List down different risk factors that may be involved (BA Risks And process/Project
Risks)
As a Business Analyst, there are several risk factors that need to be considered during
the project planning phase. These risk factors can be categorized into BA Risks and
Project Risks. Here are some of the risk factors that can be involved in this project:
BA Risks:
Project Risks:
It is important to identify and manage these risk factors to ensure the success of the
project. As a BA, it is crucial to work closely with the project manager and other team
6.Perform stakeholder analysis (RACI Matrix) to find out the key stakeholders who can
take Decisions and Who are the influencers
Stakeholder analysis helps to identify the stakeholders involved in a project and their
roles and responsibilities. RACI matrix is a useful tool for stakeholder analysis, which
defines the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders in a project.
RACI Matrix:
R - Responsible
A - Accountable
C - Consulted
I - Informed
Based on the information provided, the stakeholders in this project and their roles in the
RACI Matrix are as follows:
1. Mr. Henry - Accountable - As the initiator of the project, Mr. Henry is responsible
for ensuring the success of the project and making the final decisions.
2. Mr. Pandu - Responsible - As the Financial Head, Mr. Pandu is responsible for
managing the project budget and ensuring financial compliance.
3. Mr. Dooku - Consulted - As the Project Coordinator, Mr. Dooku provides
guidance and support to the project team and consults with other stakeholders.
4. Peter, Kevin, and Ben - Consulted - As stakeholders and farmers, they provide
requirements and feedback to the project team and consult with other
stakeholders.
5. APT IT SOLUTIONS company - Responsible - As the company executing the
project, they are responsible for delivering the project on time, within budget, and
meeting all the requirements.
6. Mr. Karthik - Responsible - As the Delivery Head of APT IT SOLUTIONS, Mr.
Karthik is responsible for managing the project delivery and ensuring that the
project meets the client's expectations.
7. Mr. Vandanam - Responsible - As the Project Manager, Mr. Vandanam is
responsible for managing the project team and ensuring that the project is
completed successfully.
8. Ms. Juhi, Mr. Teyson, Ms. Lucie, Mr. Tucker, and Mr. Bravo - Responsible - As
Java Developers, they are responsible for developing the software applications
and delivering them on time.
9. Mr. Mike - Responsible - As the Network Admin, he is responsible for setting up
the network infrastructure required for the project.
10. Mr. John - Responsible - As the DB Admin, he is responsible for managing the
project's database.
11. Mr. Jason and Ms. Alekya - Responsible - As Testers, they are responsible for
testing the software applications and ensuring that they are error-free.
From the above RACI Matrix, we can see that Mr. Henry, as the initiator of the project, is
accountable for the project's success, while the APT IT SOLUTIONS company and its
team are responsible for delivering the project. Mr. Pandu, the Financial Head, is
responsible for managing the project budget, while Mr. Dooku provides guidance and
support to the project team. Peter, Kevin, and Ben are consulted for their requirements
and feedback.
Overall, the key decision-makers in this project are Mr. Henry, APT IT SOLUTIONS
company, and Mr. Karthik. The influencers in this project are Mr. Pandu, Mr. Dooku, and
the farmers, Peter, Kevin, and Ben, as they provide requirements and feedback that can
influence the project's outcome.
Executive Summary:
Agriculture Products Store to facilitate remote area farmers to buy agriculture products.
The proposed solution is a web/mobile application that allows farmers and companies
manufacturing fertilizers, seeds, and pesticides to communicate directly with each other.
The goal is to provide a platform for farmers to purchase necessary products without
facing any difficulties in procuring fertilizers, seeds, and pesticides. The project is
expected to be completed within 18 months and is being undertaken as part of the
Problem Statement:
Farmers in remote areas face difficulties in procuring fertilizers, seeds, and pesticides,
which are essential for farming. These products are not readily available in the market
and farmers often have to travel long distances to procure them. This leads to wastage
of time and money, which could have been utilized in farming activities. Therefore, there
is a need for a platform that can facilitate the purchase of these products for farmers.
Solution:
that enables farmers and companies manufacturing fertilizers, seeds, and pesticides to
communicate directly with each other. The application will have the following features:
● Farmers can browse through the products and select the ones they need.
● Companies can submit their product details, which will be displayed on the
application.
● Farmers can place an order for the products and request delivery to their
location.
● The application will have a user-friendly interface for easy navigation.
Benefits:
The Online Agriculture Products Store will provide the following benefits:
Costs:
The estimated budget for the project is 2 crores INR. This includes the cost of
Key Stakeholders:
Risks:
● The application may face technical issues during development and deployment.
● There may be delays in development due to unforeseen circumstances.
● The application may not be user-friendly, leading to low adoption by farmers.
● There may be issues with product quality and delivery, leading to dissatisfaction
among farmers.
● Competitors may develop similar applications, leading to a loss of market share.
Conclusion:
8.The Committee of Mr. Henry , Mr Pandu , and Mr Dooku and Mr Karthik are having a
SDLC. And four methodologies like Sequential Iterative Evolutionary and Agile. Please
SDLC, which stands for Software Development Life Cycle, is a process used by
software development teams to plan, design, build, test, and deploy software. SDLC
consists of several methodologies or approaches that can be used to develop software
applications. These methodologies include Sequential, Iterative, Evolutionary, and Agile.
Each methodology has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of
methodology will depend on the specific needs of the project. It is essential to consider
factors such as project requirements, project scope, team size, budget, and timeline
before choosing the methodology.
9.They discussed models in SDLC like waterfall RUP Spiral and Scrum . You put forth
your understanding on these models When the APT IT SOLUTIONS company got the
project to make this online agriculture product store, there is a difference of opinion
between a couple of SMEs and the project team regarding which methodology would be
more suitable for this project. SMEs are stressing on using the V model and the project
team is leaning more onto the side of waterfall model. As a business analyst, which
methodology do you think would be better for this project?
project to determine which methodology would be better suited: the V model or the
waterfall model.
Considering the available information and the stable nature of requirements in this
project, I would lean towards recommending the waterfall model. However, it's important
The V Model:
phase for each development phase, forming a V-shaped structure. The requirements
and testing phases. The testing phase includes both system testing and acceptance
testing.
Waterfall Model:
The waterfall model is also a sequential and linear approach to software development. It
moving on to the next, with little room for iteration or changes once a phase is
completed.
11.As a BA, state your reason for choosing one model for this project
As a business analyst, my recommendation would be to use the Waterfall model for this
project.
The Waterfall model is a linear sequential approach where each phase of the software
development process is completed before moving onto the next phase. This model is
suitable for projects with clear and well-defined requirements, which is the case for the
online agriculture product store project. The project has a clear objective of developing
an e-commerce platform for farmers to buy agriculture products, and the requirements
for the project have been shared by the stakeholders.
On the other hand, the V model is an extension of the Waterfall model, and it is used for
testing and verification. It is useful when the requirements are clear and well-defined.
However, it is not an appropriate approach for software development projects as it does
not provide a framework for design and development.
Therefore, based on the project's clear requirements, I recommend the Waterfall model
for this project.
12.The Committee of Mr. Henry, Mr Pandu, and Mr Dooku discussed with Mr Karthik
and finalised on the V Model approach (RG, RA, Design, D1, T1, D2, T2, D3, T3, D4,
and Prepares a Gantt chart with V Model (RG, RA, Design, D1, T1, D2, T2, D3, T3, D4,
T4 and UAT) as development process and the Resources are PM, BA, Java
and how to release the funds for development. They were studying Fixed Bid model and
Billing Model.Share your knowledge on Fixed Bid model and Billing Model.The
Committee froze the Billing Model and agreed to release funds against the timesheets
submitted for every 2 weeks. Every Alternate Friday EOB, Mr Karthik will forward the
Development Team Timesheets and in 3 working days, The Committee will verify and
progress
The Fixed Bid model is a pricing model used in software development projects, where a
fixed price is agreed upon by the client and the vendor for the entire project scope. In
this model, the vendor bears the risk of delivering the project within the agreed scope
and timeline, and any deviation from the scope or timeline results in additional costs or
penalties. The Fixed Bid model provides a clear understanding of the project cost and
timeline upfront, and is suitable for well-defined projects with a clear scope and
requirements.
On the other hand, the Billing Model is a pricing model based on the time and resources
spent on the project. In this model, the vendor charges the client based on the number
of hours worked and the hourly rate of each team member involved in the project. This
model provides more flexibility to the client to make changes to the project scope and
requirements, and the vendor is compensated for the time and effort spent on the
project. However, the Billing Model may result in additional costs if the project takes
longer than expected.
In this project, the Committee has chosen the Billing Model to release funds based on
the timesheets submitted by the development team every two weeks. This model
provides more flexibility to the client, as they can make changes to the project scope
and requirements as necessary. The Committee will also conduct a quarterly audit to
ensure that the project is progressing as planned and to identify any issues that need to
be addressed. This approach is suitable for an Agile development approach, where the
project scope and requirements may evolve over time.
14-20. Please share Sample Timesheets of a BA in various SDLC Stages RG, RA,
Design, D1, T1, D2,T2, D3, T3, D4, T4 and UAT, Deployment n Implementation
Requirement Gathering Phase:
Design Phase:
Testing Phase:
UAT Timesheet:
21.5 Quarterly Audits are planned Q1 , Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5 for this Project. What is your
knowledge on how these Audits will happen for a BA ?
22.Before the Project is going to Kick Start, The Committee asked Mr Karthik to submit
BA Approach Strategy Write BA Approach strategy (As a business analyst, what are the
steps that you would need to follow to complete a project – What Elicitation Techniques
process to follow to Sign off on the Documents, How to take Approvals from the Client,
Requests, How to update the progress of the project to the Stakeholders, How to take
Your Team Project Manager - Mr Vandanam Senior Java Developer - Ms. Juhi Java
Technical Team have assembled to discuss on the Project approach and have finalised
By following these steps and strategies, the business analyst can effectively contribute
to the success of the project and ensure that the requirements are well-documented,
communicated, and aligned with stakeholder expectations.
1. Presentation Layer:
2. The presentation layer is the topmost layer of the architecture and focuses on
user interaction. It handles the user interface, user input, and presentation logic.
This layer is responsible for displaying information to the user and capturing user
actions. It typically consists of web pages, user interfaces, forms, and client-side
scripts. The presentation layer communicates with the business logic layer to
retrieve or submit data for processing.
3. Business Logic Layer:
4. The business logic layer (also known as the application layer or middle tier)
contains the core functionality and business rules of the application. It
encapsulates the logic and operations necessary to process data and perform
specific business functions. This layer orchestrates the flow of data between the
presentation layer and the data storage layer. It validates and manipulates data,
performs calculations, enforces business rules, and executes complex
operations. The business logic layer is often implemented using programming
languages such as Java, C#, or Python.
5. Data Storage Layer:
6. The data storage layer, also referred to as the data access layer or persistence
layer, is responsible for managing data storage and retrieval. It deals with the
persistence and retrieval of data from databases or other data sources. This
layer interacts with the underlying data storage systems, such as relational
databases, NoSQL databases, or file systems, to store and retrieve data. It
handles tasks like data access, data manipulation, data querying, and data
integrity. The data storage layer provides an abstraction for the business logic
layer to interact with the data without having to deal with the underlying storage
details directly.
Illustration:
Here is a visual representation of the three-tier architecture:
| Presentation Layer |
| (User Interface)|
|
| Business Logic Layer |
| (Application Layer) |
|
| Data Storage Layer |
| (Persistence Layer) |
In this illustration, the presentation layer interacts with the user and handles the user
interface. It sends user requests and data to the business logic layer for processing.
The business logic layer performs the required operations and communicates with the
data storage layer to retrieve or store data. The data storage layer manages the
persistence and retrieval of data from the underlying storage systems.
This three-tier architecture promotes separation of concerns, flexibility, and scalability.
Each layer can be developed and maintained independently, enabling changes or
updates in one layer without affecting the others. It also allows for better distribution of
responsibilities and supports modular development, making the application more
maintainable and extensible.
24.Business Analyst should keep What points in his/her mind before he frames a
Question to ask to the Stakeholder ( 5W 1H – SMART – RACI – 3 Tier Architecture –
Use Cases, Use case Specs, Activity Diagrams, Models, Page designs)
1. Purpose and Context: Understand the purpose and context of the project or
initiative. Have a clear understanding of the goals, objectives, and scope of the
project. This will help you ask relevant questions that align with the project's
objectives.
2. Stakeholder Analysis: Identify the stakeholders involved in the project and
analyze their roles, interests, and influence. Consider their perspectives, needs,
and expectations. Tailor your questions based on the specific stakeholders you
are engaging with.
3. SMART Criteria: Frame questions that are Specific, Measurable, Achievable,
Relevant, and Time-bound. SMART questions help to clarify requirements,
gather specific information, and ensure that the responses are actionable and
measurable.
4. 5W 1H Framework: Use the 5W 1H framework (Who, What, When, Where, Why,
and How) to structure your questions. This framework ensures comprehensive
coverage of the information needed. Start with broader questions and then delve
into more specific details as necessary.
5. RACI Matrix: Consider the RACI (Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, and
Informed) matrix to identify the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders. This will
help you determine who should be involved in decision-making, who should
provide input, and who needs to be informed about certain aspects. Tailor your
questions based on the relevant stakeholders' roles.
6. Three-Tier Architecture: Understand the three-tier architecture of the system and
its components. This will help you ask questions related to the system's
presentation layer, business logic layer, and data storage layer. Seek clarity on
how information flows between these layers and how they interact with each
other.
7. Documentation and Models: Leverage various documentation techniques such
as use cases, use case specifications, activity diagrams, models, and page
designs to structure and communicate requirements effectively. Ask questions
that help validate and clarify these artifacts, ensuring that they accurately
represent the stakeholders' needs.
By considering these points, you can frame well-thought-out questions that elicit the
necessary information from stakeholders, leading to a clearer understanding of
requirements and project expectations.
25.As a Business Analyst, What Elicitation Techniques you are aware of? (
BDRFOWJIPQU)
As a Business Analyst, there are several elicitation techniques that can be used to
gather requirements and insights from stakeholders. Here are some commonly used
elicitation techniques:
1. Brainstorming: A group technique used to generate ideas and gather input from
stakeholders. It encourages open and creative thinking to explore potential
solutions or identify requirements.
2. Document Analysis: Reviewing existing documentation, such as business plans,
process flows, and user manuals, to extract relevant information and identify
gaps or areas for improvement.
3. Requirements Workshops: Conducting facilitated sessions with stakeholders to
gather requirements, clarify doubts, resolve conflicts, and ensure collaboration
among participants.
4. Interviews: One-on-one or group discussions with stakeholders to gather detailed
information, understand their perspectives, and uncover specific requirements.
5. Focus Groups: Gathering a selected group of stakeholders to discuss specific
topics or areas of interest. The group dynamics encourage interaction and
exchange of ideas, providing valuable insights.
6. Observation: Actively observing stakeholders' work environment, processes, and
activities to gain a deeper understanding of their needs, challenges, and
workflows.
7. Prototyping: Creating a visual representation or interactive model of the proposed
solution to gather feedback, validate requirements, and facilitate stakeholder
understanding.
8. Questionnaires and Surveys: Distributing structured questionnaires or surveys to
stakeholders to gather quantitative or qualitative data and opinions on specific
topics or requirements.
9. User Stories: Capturing requirements from the user's perspective in a concise
narrative format, focusing on the user's goals, actions, and expected outcomes.
10. Prototyping: Creating a visual representation or interactive model of the proposed
solution to gather feedback, validate requirements, and facilitate stakeholder
understanding.
11. Use Cases: Describing interactions between actors (users) and the system to
illustrate how the system should behave and what actions it should support.
26.Which Elicitation Techniques can be used in this Project and Justify your selection of
Elicitation Techniques?
Prototyping
Use case Specs
Document Analysis
Brainstorming
Based on the given project scenario, the following elicitation techniques can be used:
By employing these elicitation techniques, the project team can gather a range of
requirements, validate them through feedback and discussions, and ensure that the
online agriculture product store addresses the needs of the farmers effectively
Based on the information provided, here are ten business requirements for the online
agriculture products store project:
It's important to note that these requirements are based on assumptions and can be
further refined
Assumptions:
1. The online agriculture product store will primarily cater to farmers and companies
involved in the manufacturing of fertilizers, seeds, and pesticides.
2. The store will operate as a web and mobile application to provide accessibility to
users.
3. The project will be developed by APT IT SOLUTIONS company, which has the
necessary talent pool.
4. The project duration is 18 months, and it is being carried out as part of a
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiative.
5. Mr. Karthik is the Delivery Head overseeing the project, and Mr. Vandanam is the
assigned Project Manager.
6. The development team includes Ms. Juhi as a Senior Java Developer, Mr.
Teyson, Ms. Lucie, Mr. Tucker, and Mr. Bravo as Java Developers, Mr. Mike as
the Network Admin, and Mr. John as the DB Admin. Mr. Jason and Ms. Alekya
are the assigned testers.
7. Peter, Kevin, and Ben are considered key stakeholders in the project as they
shared their requirements and are part of the committee helping Mr. Henry.
8. The store will require a user login system for manufacturers and farmers to
access different functionalities.
9. A product catalog will be available, featuring detailed information about fertilizers,
seeds, and pesticides, including pricing and manufacturer details.
10. Users will have the ability to search for specific products within the catalog.
11. Farmers will need to create an account using their email ID and password to
make purchases or add products to a buy-later list. New users can create a new
account by providing their email ID and creating a secure password.
12. The payment gateway will support multiple options, including cash-on-delivery
(COD), credit/debit card, and UPI (Unified Payments Interface), for a convenient
user experience.
13. Users will receive email confirmations regarding their order status, providing
details about their orders.
14. The platform will include a delivery tracker feature to allow users to track the
progress and location of their orders.
These assumptions provide a basis for understanding the requirements and scope of
the online agriculture product store project. It's important to validate these assumptions
through further discussions and analysis with stakeholders and the development team
to ensure accuracy and alignment with the project objectives.
29.Give Priority 1 to 10 numbers ( 1 being low priority – 10 being high priority) to these
Based on the discussions with the stakeholders, the priority levels for the requirements
can be assigned as follows:
Req Req Name Req Description Priori
ID ty
1 User Login Users (manufacturers and farmers) should be able 9
System to login to access different functionalities.
2 Product Catalog A catalog of fertilizers, seeds, and pesticides 10
should be available with detailed information,
including pricing and manufacturer details.
3 Product Search Users should be able to search for specific 8
products within the catalog.
4 User Registration Farmers should be able to create an account using 7
their email ID and password. New users can create
a new account with email ID and password.
5 Purchase and Farmers should be able to buy products or add 8
Add to Buy-Later them to a buy-later list after logging in.
List
6 Payment The payment gateway should support multiple 10
Gateway options, including COD, credit/debit card, and UPI.
7 Order Users should receive email confirmations regarding 6
Confirmation their order status.
Email
8 Delivery Tracker A delivery tracker should be available for users to 9
track the progress and location of their orders.
9 Web and Mobile The online store should operate as both a web and 7
Accessibility mobile application for user accessibility.
10 CSR Initiative The project duration should be 18 months as part 5
Duration of the CSR initiative.
Please note that the priority levels may vary based on the specific needs and
discussions with stakeholders. These priorities provide a general guideline for
understanding the relative importance of each requirement. As a business analyst, you
will play a crucial role in refining and documenting these requirements and converting
them into UML diagrams and screen mock-ups for effective communication with the
project team.
Detailed specifications for each of the use cases identified in the use case diagram:
Use Case: Browse Products Catalog
● Description: The farmer can browse the catalog of fertilizers, seeds, and
pesticides.
● Actors: Farmer
● Preconditions:
● Farmer is logged in.
● Postconditions:
● The products catalog is displayed.
● Description: The farmer can search for specific products within the catalog.
● Actors: Farmer
● Preconditions:
● Farmer is logged in.
● The products catalog is displayed.
● Postconditions:
● Search results matching the entered query are displayed.
● Description: The farmer can add products to a buy-later list for future purchase.
● Actors: Farmer
● Preconditions:
● Farmer is logged in.
● The products catalog is displayed.
● Postconditions:
● Selected products are added to the buy-later list.
● Description: The farmer can choose and complete the payment for the purchase.
● Actors: Farmer
● Preconditions:
● Farmer has selected products for purchase.
● Postconditions:
● Payment is processed and confirmed.
● Description: The system sends an email confirmation to the farmer regarding the
order status.
● Actors: System
● Preconditions:
● Purchase transaction is completed.
● Postconditions:
● Email confirmation is sent.
These use case specifications provide a more detailed understanding of each use
case's purpose, actors involved, preconditions, and postconditions. They serve as a
foundation for further analysis, design, and development of the online agriculture
products store.
32.Activity diagrams
33.Identify minimum 20 functional requirements
1. Microsoft Visio: Microsoft Visio is a popular tool for creating diagrams, flowcharts,
and wireframes. It offers a wide range of templates and shapes to create visual
representations of processes and systems.
2. Balsamiq: Balsamiq is a wireframing tool that allows you to create low-fidelity
wireframes quickly. It has a simple and intuitive interface, making it easy to
sketch out ideas and concepts.
3. Axure RP: Axure RP is a powerful prototyping and wireframing tool that enables
you to create interactive and dynamic prototypes. It offers advanced features for
creating complex interactions and user flows.
4. Mockups (Moqups): Mockups is a web-based design tool that provides a
comprehensive set of features for wireframing and prototyping. It allows you to
create interactive wireframes and prototypes with a user-friendly interface.
These tools can assist you in visualizing and prototyping your design concepts
effectively. It's important to explore their features and determine which tool best fits your
specific needs and preferences.
36.A business analyst’s key responsibilities are to keep track of the requirements and
make sure that no requirement is missed. Mr. Henry and Peter have approached you
regarding the current status of the project. How will you tackle this situation?
Prepare RTM
To tackle the situation and provide Mr. Henry and Peter with the current status of the
project, I will prepare a Requirements Traceability Matrix (RTM). The RTM helps in
tracking the requirements and their progress throughout the project. Here's an example
of an RTM:
37.Prepare 10 Test Case Documents
These test case documents cover various scenarios and functionalities of the online
agriculture product store, ensuring that the system is thoroughly tested for different user
interactions and expected outcomes.
38.After the requirements are thoroughly explained to the entire project team by
business analyst, the Database architects have decided to do the database design and
also to represent the in-flow and out-flow of data. Draw database schema and ER
diagram
39.What is a data flow diagram? Draw a data flow diagram to represent the in-flow and
out-flow of data when a Farmer is placing an order for the product
40.Due to change in the Government Taxation structure . We should change the Tax
structure. How do you handle change requests in a project?
By following these steps, a project can effectively manage change requests, ensuring
that changes are evaluated, approved, and implemented in a controlled manner, while
minimizing disruptions and maintaining project success.
41.As the project is in process, Ben and Kevin have contacted you. The reason is to
inform you that they want the Farmers to sell their crop yields through this application
i.e. Farmers should be able to add their crop yields or products and display to general
public and should be able to sell them. They also want to introduce Auction system for
their Crop yields. As a BA, what will be your response? Is this a change request or an
enhancement???
1. Requirement Gathering: I would meet with Ben and Kevin to gather detailed
requirements for the new functionality. This would involve understanding the
specific features they envision, such as the process for farmers to add and
manage their crop yields, the display of products to the public, and the
implementation of the auction system.
2. Impact Analysis: I would analyze the impact of these enhancements on the
existing project scope, timeline, budget, and resources. This assessment would
help determine the feasibility and potential implications of incorporating the
requested features.
3. Stakeholder Analysis: I would identify and involve relevant stakeholders, such as
the project sponsor, development team, and other key personnel, to assess their
perspectives and gather their inputs on the potential enhancements.
4. Documentation and Communication: I would document the detailed requirements
and changes in the project scope, and communicate them to the project team,
stakeholders, and any other parties involved. This would ensure everyone is
aware of the proposed enhancements and their implications.
5. Evaluation and Prioritization: I would work with the project team and stakeholders
to evaluate the value and priority of the requested enhancements. This
evaluation would consider factors such as the potential benefits, impact on
project goals, alignment with business objectives, and available resources.
6. Planning and Execution: If the enhancements are deemed feasible and
approved, I would update the project plan, schedule, and resources accordiangly.
I would collaborate with the development team and other stakeholders to
incorporate the new features into the application, ensuring proper testing and
quality assurance.
By treating this request as an enhancement, the project can effectively manage the
additional requirements and deliver the desired functionality while considering the
impact on the ongoing project.
Estimating the number of man-hours required for the requested enhancements (adding
crop yields, displaying them to the public, and implementing an auction system) would
depend on various factors, including the complexity of the features, the size of the
existing system, the development team's expertise, and the development methodology
used. Without specific details about the project, it's challenging to provide an accurate
estimation. However, I can offer a general guideline based on industry standards and
experience:
It's important to note that these estimations are rough figures and can vary significantly
depending on the complexity and scale of the enhancements, the team's productivity,
and other project-specific factors. It's recommended to involve the development team in
the estimation process to get a more accurate assessment based on their expertise and
knowledge of the project.
43.Project has finally completed all the stages i.e., design, development, testing etc.
Now, it is the role of a business analyst to contact the client for testing of the final
product and have to successfully complete it. How are you going to handle this
situation? And once it is done, what will be the process to close the project?
Explain UAT Acceptance process
2/3
To handle the situation of testing the final product and successfully completing it, the
business analyst can follow these steps:
1. UAT Planning: Prepare a plan for User Acceptance Testing (UAT) in consultation
with the client. This plan should include the scope of testing, test scenarios, test
data, and timelines.
2. Test Environment Setup: Ensure that the required test environment is set up and
available for the client to perform testing. This may include providing access to
the testing environment, necessary test accounts, and any additional resources
needed for testing.
3. Test Execution: Coordinate with the client to execute the planned test scenarios.
Monitor the testing progress, provide support for any questions or issues that
arise, and track the test results.
4. Defect Management: If any defects are identified during UAT, work closely with
the client to understand the issues, document them, and track their resolution.
Collaborate with the development team to address the reported defects and
verify their fixes.
5. UAT Sign-off: Once the client has completed testing and is satisfied with the
product's functionality, obtain their formal sign-off or approval. This indicates that
the client has accepted the final product and is ready to move forward with its
deployment.
Regarding the process to close the project, it typically involves the following steps:
1. Test Planning: Define the scope of UAT and identify the key features or
functionalities to be tested. Prepare test scenarios and test cases based on user
requirements.
2. Test Execution: Perform the planned test scenarios, following the test cases
provided. Validate the system's behavior against the expected outcomes and
verify that it meets the user's acceptance criteria.
3. Defect Reporting: If any issues or defects are identified during UAT, document
them in a structured manner, including detailed steps to reproduce the problem.
Communicate the issues to the development team for resolution.
4. Defect Resolution: Collaborate with the development team to address the
reported defects. Verify the fixes provided by the development team and retest
the affected areas.
5. Sign-off: Once all test scenarios have been executed, defects have been
resolved, and the system meets the user's acceptance criteria, provide formal
sign-off or approval. This signifies that the client accepts the product as meeting
their requirements.
6. UAT Closure: Document the UAT results, including the test execution summary,
any outstanding issues, and the overall assessment of the product.
Communicate the closure of UAT to all stakeholders involved in the testing
process.
The UAT Acceptance process ensures that the final product meets the client's
expectations and is ready for deployment. It serves as a final validation before the
project is considered complete and ready for closure.
1. Project Overview: This section provides an overview of the project, including its
objectives, scope, and stakeholders involved. It summarizes the project's
purpose and sets the context for the closure report.
2. Project Achievements: Here, the document highlights the key achievements and
deliverables of the project. It outlines the successful completion of milestones,
tasks, and any significant accomplishments that were achieved.
3. Project Timeline and Budget: This section provides an overview of the project
timeline, highlighting the start and end dates, major phases, and milestones. It
also includes information on the project's budget, including any significant
deviations or changes.
4. Lessons Learned: The lessons learned section reflects on the project's
successes and challenges. It includes a comprehensive analysis of what worked
well and what could have been improved. It highlights valuable insights and
recommendations for future projects.
5. Stakeholder Feedback: This section gathers feedback from key stakeholders
involved in the project. It includes their opinions, suggestions, and any concerns
they may have expressed. The feedback helps in assessing the overall
satisfaction and identifying areas for improvement.
6. Risks and Issues: The closure document discusses the risks and issues
encountered throughout the project. It outlines the actions taken to mitigate these
risks and resolve any issues that arose during the project's lifecycle.
7. Project Performance: This section evaluates the project's performance against
the defined objectives and success criteria. It assesses factors such as scope
adherence, timeline adherence, budget performance, quality of deliverables, and
customer satisfaction.
8. Project Sign-off: The closure document includes formal sign-off or approval from
key stakeholders, indicating their acceptance and satisfaction with the project's
outcomes. This signifies the official closure of the project.
9. Project Documentation: This section provides an overview of the project
documentation, including the list of documents produced, their location, and
accessibility for future reference.
10. Next Steps and Recommendations: The closure document outlines any
recommended actions or next steps following the project's closure. It may include
suggestions for further improvements, additional tasks, or follow-up activities.
The project closure document serves as a final report that captures the project's
journey, outcomes, and key learnings. It provides a reference for future projects, helps
in evaluating project success, and facilitates knowledge transfer to stakeholders
involved in the project.