Self-Learning Module

FOREWORD
This Self-Learning Kit will serve as a guide for the learners to recognize the basic
characteristics of music in the Philippines by listening, singing songs and playing
improvised instruments. It will be your aid to explore continuously with appreciation on the
beauty of music in the Philippines. This will help you enhance your musical skills and
understand the Filipino music and culture within our country.

The organization of the learning activities provides learners many opportunities to be

musically learned and creative. Thus, the learners improve on their musical skills and
assess ones learning to practical application in sharing insights and expressive musical
qualities.

In this module, the learners will recognize the elements of music used in a song or
music while they enjoy listening, singing, and play instruments in a creative way while
learning our very own musical heritage.

Author

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Competency
 MU7LV-IIa-f-1 Describes the musical characteristics of representative selections of

Cordillera, Mindoro, Palawan and Visayas after listening;

 MU7LV-IIb-f-3 Explains the distinguishing characteristics of representative music

from Cordillera, Mindoro, Palawan and Visayas in relation to its culture and

geography.

 MU7LV-IIa-f-2 Identifies the musical and other sound sources from Cordillera,

Mindoro, Palawan and Visayas;

 MU7LV-IIb-g-4 Discovers ways of producing sounds on a variety of sources similar

to instruments being studied;

 MU7LV-IIb-g-7 Improvises simple rhythmic/melodic accompaniments to selected

music from the Cordillera, Mindoro, Palawan and of the Visayas;

 MU7LV-IIb-g-6 Performs music from Cordillera, Mindoro, Palawan and Visayas with

accompaniment;

 MU7LV-IIc-h-10 Evaluates music and music performances using rubrics on musical

elements and style.

Objectives
 Recognize orally and aurally the music of Palawan, Mindoro and Visayas;

 Describe the characteristics of Palawan, Mindoro and Visayan vocal and

instrumental music ;

 Sing and play the songs from Palawan, Mindoro and Visayas; and

 Manifest interest and enjoyable performance in presenting music from Palawan,

Mindoro and Visayas.

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What happened?
PRE-TEST:
A. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. What do you call a song-and-dance debate between a man and a woman that deals

with love and marriage?

a. dansa b. kundiman c. balitaw d. harana

2. It is a kind of “fresh epic” where chanting is sung in a call-and –response style from a

group of boys and girls?

a. Managsaon b. Harana c. balitaw d. Kundiman

3. What poetic chant is sung and written in Surat Mangyan?

a. Tultul b. Ambahan c. Kulial d. Ulit

4. The widely used instrument in the musical ensemble during Marinduque’s cultural

activities.

a. subing b. gitgit c. cantuy d. kalutang

5. A gong ensemble consist of set of one or two big gongs, agung, and a pair of small

ringed gongs, sanang, and drum called gimbal.

a. Binanog b. Tultugan c. Basal d. Rondalla

B. Name the different instruments.

1. 2.

___________________________ _____________________________

3. 4. 5.

__________________ _________________ ________________________

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What to learn?

MUSIC OF PALAWAN

Palawan is one of most popular tourist attractions in the Philippines. It is known for
its beautiful beaches and caves. The tribes who are living in this island are the Batak,
Taaw’t Bato, Agutayanen, Cuyunen, Tagbanua, and Palaw’an. Each tribe from Palawan
has a distinctive musical ensemble to fit individual preference. They create music through
any sound they hear in their environment such as the sound of an animal, insect, wind, rain
and many more. Music is vital part of their day to day activities including the belief that
music can cure sickness. An example of this kind of music is Laptap Bagit, a bird song.

VOCAL MUSIC
A. KULIAL
A lyrical poem expressing love. His/Her vocal music is accompanied by

kusyapi (2 stringed lute) played by a man and pagang (bamboo zither) by a woman.

B. TULTUL
To sing tultul is to be possessed by a Täw Tultultulän. These “Epic Heroes”
are a type of humanity who live in the median space and intercede between people
on this earth and Ämpuq. They are a benevolent humanity protecting the “Real Men.”
The act of chanting this doubles with the embodiment, in the very person of the bard,
of these heroic and semi-divine beings. One can interpret this relationship as an act
of possession in which the bard becomes a medium.
Epics are always chanted at night, ending at daybreak; it is forbidden to sing
when the sun shines and during the day. This prohibition links the epic to the night
and a sacred world. Moreover, one would never chant for amusement in a light
joking manner
C. ULIT (Shamatic Chant)
The shaman sings the difficult experience of the voyage of his double,
kuruduwa, by a specific chant, the lumbaga, whose melody is in all points

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assimilable to any epic melodic line. And it is precisely the ordeals that the soul of
the shaman overcomes in the course of his voyage—the encounters with the Evil
Doers, Länggam or Säqitan, the discussions, the bargaining engaged in with the
Invisible Beings—that constitute the shamanic chant.

INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
A. BAGIT Pasiyak-
An instrumental music played on the water whistle;
kusyapi, showing rhythms, movements and sound its sound is like
of natures like rustling of leaves, running water, a chirping bird
chirping of birds, monkey, snakes, etc. The musical

instruments are made up of bamboo, wood, strings,

and metals. Some instruments come from other

places outside Palawan.

Photos orinally taken by the author

B. BASAL
A gong ensemble consist of set of one or two big gongs,
agung, and a pair of small ringed gongs, sanang, and drum
called gimbal.
https://images.app.goo.gl/sqHzp1UGFNVY6wC6

pagang

gimbal
https://youtu.be/SzA9k2MjGzc kusyapi

https://upload.wikimedia.org.wikipedia/commons/6/6c/A_Kolitong%2C_a_bamboo_string_instrument..jpg

https://collection.maas.museum/object/133728#&gid=1&pid=1

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Activity 1: Watch and Listen

1. Try to sing the Layang Pasiyak

2. “Lantege” (A Palaw’an and Tagbanua Love Song)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQWbxldMry0&list=PLjVVkTzaidpVuo6UcQg2217u2bip
hJ6un&index=2

1. Describe the musical elements of the music heard on the video.

2. What are the different factors that influenced the music of Palawan?

3. How does each tribe contribute to the beauty of the music of Palawan?

4. What are the uses of music in the lives of the inhabitants of Palawan?

MUSIC OF MINDORO
The oldest name given to Mindoro is “Mai “or “Mait” by the Chinese traders and
“Mina de Oro” (meaning “mine of gold”) by the Spaniards because it is the center for gold
mining. Mindoro is the 7th largest island in the country where most of the Hanunuo

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Mangyans occupies the coastal and mountainous region. They are usually wanderers that
travel to find food to eat. The term Hanunuo means “true” or “genuine” which is used to
described Mangyans who have remained faithful to their traditions.
Music for the Hanunuo is a part of celebrating ordinary and festive occassions with
singing, playing instruments and dances. Accompanying themselves with their instuments
as they recite their love poems during the wedding rituals, eating and driking wines, putting
babbies to sleep, recollection of war exploits in distant past, lamentations, love lyrics and
stories based on persona.
The music of Mindoro is categorized into vocal music and instrumental music.

VOCAL MUSIC OF MINDORO

1.Marayaw- songs used to communicate with
spirits in rituals for healing the sick and
protecting the community.
2.Pamuybuyen -legend
3. Ambahan – a chanted poetry with no
specific tone style but simple in texture. It has
7 syllables in one line ranging from 3 to 134
lines. It is expressed in riddle-like form. It
commonly ritten on a “luka”, a bamboo pole. It
is often accompanied with instruments.
Ambahan is used for parenting, courtship,
and for visitors to ask for food. The Ambahan
http://mangyan.org/content/ambahan
is in Surat Mangyan text.

Activity 2: Watch and listen to the Music of Mindoro on this link and answer the question that
follows. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p2uTNhHpS3g)

1. How many people are singing? Is it a male or female voice?

2. How will you describe the singing style?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY

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Ambahan

Hanunuo Mangyan Filipino English

Kahit may kaguluhan Even with chaos,
May tampuha’t alitan with madness and quarrel.
Di dapat talikuran Must no turning back
Unawain mo naman! Think about it!

Activity 3: Ambahan
1. What do you think is the message of the song?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. What do you think is the fucntion of this poem in the lives of the Mangyan?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. How can you relate this poem to your life?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

The musical instruments of Mindoro are used during festivals, rituals, courtship, and daily activities
of the Mangyans.
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC OF MINDORO7
CHORDOPHONE
KUDYAPI –is a lute with long neck, and has two strings BATIWTIW- bamboo buzzer (like
that run from the neck to the base of a resonating bunkaka)
chamber.
KUDLONG- bamboo zither (like pagang)

SUBING/KINABAN – Jew’s harp

7
https://www.kipas.nl/Instruments/kubing.htm

https://www.kipas.nl/Instruments/Kudyapi.htm

GITGIT -a 3-4 string lute with a wooden body and human hair for the bow. Its music is an
expression of consoling one’s self in times of loneliness or love for someone. It is used for
entertainment on social gatherings, accompany the ambahan and put baby to sleep.

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 https://issuu.com/ncca0/docs/agung_6_2017_nov-dec_

https://m.facebook.com/arawngmangyan/photos/a.2139518136267910/
IDIOPHONE
BURAY-DIPAY BARIMBAW KALUTANG
is a bean pod equal sized rattle a bamboo slit gong A pair of wood struck together
widely used during cultural activities
in Marinduque.

https://steemit.com/traditional/@lapili https://steemit.com/traditional/@lapilipinas.
pinas.philippines-traditional-music- philippines-traditional-music-instrument
instrument

Drawn by the author

AEROPHONE
PLAUTA BANGSI
A mouth blown transverse Slightly curved bamboo tube,
flute. closed on one side by a node and
cut off under an angle. On the cut
of surface an extra piece of bamboo is tied.

https://www.kipas.nl/Instruments/Plauta.htm

https://www.kipas.nl/Instruments/Bangsi.htm

TANGKAP CANTUY nose flute

bamboo bird whistle

https://chakrastore.com.au/product/ https://philippines.fieldmuseum.org/heritage/multimedia/1456817
wooden-whistle/

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 METALLOPHONE
AGUNG
-brass gongs

https://www.kipas.nl/Instruments/Ag
ung.htm http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/4507/549/1600/15
%20Agung%2003.jpg

Activity #4: Listen and Watch

Hanunuo Kalutang Sticks
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gw_YOEUrWAI
1. Is the music played in solo or in ensemble? Why?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. How can you describe the sound of the kalutang and what it is made of?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

MUSIC OF THE VISAYAS

The Visayan music is highly Spanish influenced because they colonized the Philippines for a
long time. They brought their religion from Western practice. Spanish musicians introduced new
styles of music, which has also Western musical traditions.

VOCAL MUSIC
The vocal music has different function in the lives of the Visayan people. The songs include
children’s songs, lullabies, ballad, occupational songs, and serenades.

VOCAL STYLES

BALITAW
A song and dance debate between a man and a woman that deals with topics on love and
marriage. Usually, the pair who renders the “Balitaw” must not only be good singers but also a
good dancers and actors.

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 https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=i2AKXzWr29Q

MANAGSAON
It is derived from the word “Mangahat” which means song from the mount of Basay, a place
in Negros. It is a kind of “fresh epic” where two groups of male and female sing through chanting in
a call-and-response style.

Famous Visayan Songs

Children’s song – Ilo nga Bata,
Pinalangga Ko
Working song – Si Pilemon,
Ako Kini Si Angi
Serenade/Love song – (Cebuano Classic)
Matud Nila, Usahay, Ay Kalisud!
Ballad – Sa Lungsod sa Buenavista,
Rosas Pandan, Siloy(Bohol)
Drinking song – Condansoy
Wedding song – Kuradang (Bohol)
Lullaby – Ili-Ili Tulog Anay (Panay)
Farewell song – Dandansoy (Ilo-Ilo)

Managsaon of Mangahat
Dinoplop – song for dance
Daygon – Christmas song
Portino – fairies sacred song
Kay Ponso – fairies song for the sick
Hinaplos – song while massaging
Sinulog – street dancing

The song “Rosas Pandan” is one of the famous ballads from Cebu that gives emphasis to Visayan
humor and courtship.

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 https://youtu.be/kfmtToHn7IQ

INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC

Visayans natives are known for being skilled musicians. Majority of them know how to play the
guitar which is brought by the Spaniards. The other native instruments are geneally made of
bamboo, wood and animal skin. Among them are:
The different ensembles, with their respective sounds reflect not only the enthusiastic musical
involvement of the Visayan people but also their sentiments, ay of life, and interactions with their
environment and other people.

FAMOUS ENSEMBLES IN VISAYAS

1. TULTUGAN – is a bamboo and drum ensemble. Long time ago, the bamboos were used by
the natives for communication. To produce sound, the body of the bamboo is struck with
sticks. It is originally started in Maasin, Ilo-Ilo.

2. BINANOG- is a gong, drum, wooden percussion ensemble. It is used to accompany a dance

movement imitating the flight of the hawk.

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 Tultugan Binanog
https://www.flickr.com/photos/jsigharas/15722660/D D45a_BinanogChereography.pdf

3. RONDALLA – is a string ensemble which originated in Spain. It is a group of string

instruments played with a pick or plectrum. There are many Filipino musicians who were
able to lead the way in rondalla ensemble and one of them was Juan Silos Jr., known as the
“Father of Rondalla”.
Rondalla came from the Spanish “ronda”, meaning “serenade”. Its origins were in
the folk playing bands of stringed-instruments that were played using the plectrum(pick)
such as the piccolo, Banduria, laud, Octavina, guitar, bajo de uñas (double bass), and often a
drum for percussion. The Philippines rondalla’s repertoire include folk songs such as the
“Cariñosa”, “Collar de Sampaguita”, “Balitaw”, “Harana”, “Kundiman”, “La Bella Filipina”,
“No Te Vayas a Zamboanga”, “Subli”, “Tinikling”, “Zarzuela”, and many more.

http://myphilippinerondalla.blogspot.com/2017/03/the-philippine-rondalla-
festival.html?m=1

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RONDALLA INSTRUMENTS
BANDURIA OCTAVINA
A 14-string Has a shorter neck
instrument with 16 compared to guitar,
frets with a shorter with 1 strings and 16
neck; it is the frets; it is played like
soprano of the laud, the lower
Rondalla and notes in
usually plays the accompaniments
melodic line of the and in unison with
composition. the bass notes; the
Strings notes: alto of Rondalla.
F# B E A D G String notes:
F# B E A D G
LAUD (“lute”) GUITAR
A plectrum-plucked A popular string
string ith 12 strings instrument with six
in pairs, siilar to strings; typically
bandurria, but with strummed and
a longer neck; it is plucked hich plays
tuned in fourths, the rhythm or beat
but its range is one of the musical piece.
octave lower. String notes:
String notes : EADGBE
F# B E A D G

Resources: www.ferangeliguitar.com (Banduria, Ocavina, Laud)

https://images.app.goo.gl/9msHm44hGJMhkFX88 (guitar)
BAJO DE UÑAS BAJO DE ARCO
A bass guitar which looks like a big guitar Simply known as the double bass/bass, it is
and is played by a plectrum. It plays the bass the12largest and lowest pitched bowed or
part and serves as a rhythmic support. plucked instrument in the modern symphony
String note: E A D G orchestra. String note: E A D G

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 http://benjielayug.com/2017/09/carcar-city-museum- https://images.app.goo.gl/h3JgkAMmcr2byX
cebu.html 2A8

Activity #5: Visayan Music

1. In what way has Spanish music influenced Visayan music?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the characteristics of vocal and instrumental forms of Visayan music?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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What have you learned?

Let’s see what you know!

I. IDENTIFICATION. Write the correct answer before each number.

1. An instrumental music played on the kusyapi, showing rhythms,
movements and sound of natures like rustling of leaves, running water,
chirping of birds, monkey, snakes, etc.
2. A lyrical poem expressing love. His/Her vocal music is accompanied by
kusyapi (2 stringed lute) played by a man and pagang (bamboo zither)
by a woman.
3. A gong ensemble consist of set of one or two big gongs, agung, and a
pair of small ringed gongs, sanang, and drum called gimbal.
4. It means “true” or “genuine” which is used to described Mangyans who
have remained faithful to their traditions
5. A chanted poetry expressed in riddle-like form with no specific tone
style but simple in texture
6. Songs among Mangyans which is used to communicate with spirits in
rituals for healing the sick and protecting the community.
7. A song and dance debate between a man and a woman that deals with
topics on love and marriage.
8. A bamboo and drum ensemble from Maasin, Ilo-Ilo.
9. He is known as the “Father of Rondalla”.
10. A bass guitar which looks like a big guitar and is played by a plectrum.

II. Try to name the following instruments.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

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References:

Books:
 Lourdes R. Siobal, Ed., Music and Arts-Grade 7, Deped, 2017, 5-10, 26.
 Hazel P. Copiaco, MAPEH for a Better You II, Deped, 2006, 7,18-25,34-51.
 Grace Nono, The Shared Voice: Chanted and Spoken Narratives from the Philippines, Anvil
Publishing Inc. and Fundacion Santiago, 2008.
 Jocelyn T. Guadalupe, Ed., Philippine Music, Philippine Society for Music Education, 2013
Images:
 http://www.kipas.nl/Instruments/index.html
 www.ferangeliguitar.com
 http://benjielayug.com/2017/09/carcar-city-museum-cebu.html
 https://youtu.be/23rX3Q7Z5d8

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 SYPNOSIS
The music of the Cordillera, Mindoro, Palawan and Visayas has
similarities in terms of functions of music in their daily lives. Music is often
used in rituals and ceremonies. Most of their musical instruments are made
from materials found in their locality. The musical styles are classified into
vocal music, instrumental music, and combination of both.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

JERRILL T. GALLEON is a MAPEH teacher for

Grades 7 to 10 at the Mandaue City School
for the Arts for 11 years. She is a BSED-PEHM
graduate of the University of Cebu and
has her Master’ Degree units in Physical
Education at the Cebu Normal University.

10. Gitgit
9. Agung Bajo de Uñas 10.
8. Bajo de Arco Juan Silos, Jr. 9.
7. Kusyapi Tultugan 8. 10. Subing/Kinaban
9. Guitar
6. Pagang Balitaw 7. 8. Pasiyak
5. Bajo de Uñas Marayaw 6. 7. Barimbaw
B. 6. Kusyapi
4. Gimbal Ambahan 5.
3. Banduria Hanunuo 4. 5. C
2. Pasiyak Basal 3. 4. A
3. B
Subing/Kinaban Kulial 2.
2. A
II. 1. 1. Bagit I. A. 1. C
Post-Test Pre-Assessment
Music 7 Answer Keys

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Mandaue City
Plaridel St., Centro, Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines 6014
Telephone Nos.: (032) 345 – 0545 | (032) 505 – 6337
E-mail Address: mandaue.city001@deped.gov.ph
Website: https://depedmandaue.net

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