MUSIC EDUCATION 7

SECOND QUARTER
MODULE NO. 2 (Week 3 and 4)
TOPIC: MUSIC OF LUZON (Lowlands)

I. INTRODUCTION

This quarter will focus on the Music of Cordillera, Mindoro,

Palawan, and the Visayas. Some are vocal, instrumental, and a
mixture of both. These music are combination of Asian, Western,
and indigenous melody.

In this module, we will revisit and explore the rich musical

traditions of highland Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan, and the Visayas
focusing on the different musical elements through the various
processes.

It is hoped that at the end of this quarter, you will be inspired to

learn more about the music of highland Luzon, Mindoro, Palawan,
and the Visayas.

II. OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

a) describe the musical characteristics of representative selections of
Cordillera, Mindoro, Palawan, and the Visayas after listening;
b) explain the distinguishing characteristics of representative music from
Cordillera, Mindoro, Palawan, and the Visayas in relation to its culture and
geography;
c) identify the musical instruments and other sound sources from Cordillera,
Mindoro, Palawan, and the Visayas;
d) discover ways of producing sounds on a variety of sources similar to
instruments being studied;
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 e) improvise simple rhythmic/melodic accompaniments to selected music from
the Cordillera, Mindoro, Palawan, and the Visayas;
f) performs music from Cordillera, Mindoro, Palawan, and the Visayas, with
accompaniment; and
g) evaluate music and music performances using rubrics on musical elements
and styles.

III. CONCEPT SUMMARY

Traditional Filipino music is insightful of our history

as a place where different peoples, styles, cultures,
etc. are combined together. Among the main
cultural influence in music noticeable today are
Western and Asian. Like the folk music of other
countries, Western and Asian music reflect the life
of common, mostly rural Filipinos. Similar to their
counterparts in Asia, many traditional songs from
the Philippines have a strong connection with
nature.

IV. BRIEF DISCUSSION

1. Concept Development
A. MUSIC APPRECIATION
Below is an example of Mangyan’s Ambahan. Read it carefully and analyze its
message.

Hanunuo Mangyan English Filipino

My dear fragrant herb, my wife, Kab’yak kong halimuyak
it is true, we have to part, Kita ma’y magkawalay
on this day and on this hour. Ngayon at lumaon man
If united we remain Kung buklod ay matibay
and our bond is strong and pure, Maayos ang samahan
you and I, far as we are, Ikaw nga at ako man
it’s like holding hands again, Magkahawak ng kamay
it’s like sitting side by side. Wari’y nasa kandungan!

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What do you think is the message of the poem? _______________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
How many syllables are there in each line? ____________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
What kind of melody do you think will suit this poem? _________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

B. MUSIC HISTORY

MUSIC OF THE CORDILLERA, MINDORO,

PALAWAN, AND THE VISAYAS

MUSIC OF CORDILLERA

Music of the cordillera maybe categorized into:

A. VOCAL MUSIC
1. Ibaloi Badiw – a style of singing without prior preparation or practice in
leader- chorus form
2. Owiwi (Kalinga) – Lullabies
3. Dagdagay (Kalinga) – Infancy related songs
4. Oppia (Kalinga) – Infancy related songs
5. Kawayanna (Kalinga) – Infancy related songs
6. Hudhud (Ifugao) - Epic-poetry which is recited and chanted during
occasions like:
• harvesting of rice
• weddings
• funeral wakes
• bone washing (bogwa) rituals

Characteristics of Vocal Music

1. Melismatic
- Vocal passage with one syllable.
- Sung against several note passages.
2. Free Meter -musical meter without time signature.

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 Let’s watch this
“Hudhud”
Performed by students of Tungngod Elementary School in Lagawe

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_INh21NMpU

B. INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
The function of instrumental music of the Cordillera is similar to its vocal
music. Instruments are played during ceremonies, rituals and celebrations
1. Metal Instruments – gongs
• Gangsa Toppaya – Gongs is played by striking with the palm while
rested on the lap.
• Gangsa Palook - gongs are struck or beaten with wooden mallets while
held by the left hand. This is usually played by men.

Gangsa
2. Bamboo Instruments
• Bungkaka or Bilbil - played by striking against the palm of one hand.
• Tongali - a nose flute played with the extreme forward edge of the
right or left nostril
• Tongatong - are bamboo tubes played by stomping each against the
ground.
• Ulibaw -a mouth resonated bamboo played with a flexible tongue fixed
at one end to a surrounding frame
• Patteteg - bamboo of different sizes for varied timbre that is split in
half and is struck by a wooden stick while rested on lap.
• Ulibaw/Kubing - bamboo jaw’s harp

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 Bungkaka Tongali Tongatong

Pateteg Ulibaw/Kubing
3. Stringed Instruments
Kullitong - polychordal bamboo tube zither

C. VOCAL ENSEMBLE WITH INSTRUMENTAL ACCOMPANIMENT

1. Vocal ensemble is performed during courtship usually in song-debate
form accompanied by different instruments.
• Tamuyog, Dango, Oggayam – greeting and advice during Kalinga
Wedding
• Salidummay and Dangdayang -ay – entertainment

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 Let’s watch this
“Echoes”
The Cordillera Fusion Collective

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StdCqJ9qCiU

MUSIC OF MINDORO
Similar to Cordillera Music, the Music of Mindoro is used for communication with
the spirits in ritual and worships, weddings, works, courtships, festive occasions
and lullabies.
A. VOCAL MUSIC
1. Marayaw – song used to communicate with spirits in rituals for healing
the sick and protecting the community
2. Pamuybuyen - legend
3. Ambahan
• composed of a seven-syllable line ending in rhymes
• often used in parenting, in courtship, and by visitors to ask for food
• texts are commonly written on bamboo
• often chanted with accompanying instruments

Let’s watch this

“Ambahan”
Hanunuo Mangyan

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ISSSrwAM7Ic

MAPEH 7 (Music) – Module 2 – Second Quarter - Page 6 of 17

B. INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
1. Kudyapi – is a lute with long neck and has two strings that run from the
neck to the base of a resonating chamber
2. Gitgit (Lute) - an instrument with 3 to 4 strings with a wooden body and
human hair for the bow
3. Kalutang - a pair of equal-sized wood struck together.

Kudyapi Gitgit Kalutang

MUSIC OF PALAWAN
Palawan music is characterized by imitation of sounds from nature and the
environment. It is also highly influenced by the native language of the province
A. VOCAL MUSIC
1. Kulial - is a lyrical poem expressing love. Its vocal music is accompanied
by kudyapi (two stringed lute) and played by man and pagang (bamboo
zither) played by woman.

2. Tultul - is a chanted vocal music about epic heroes and usually chanted
at night ending at daybreak.

B. INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
1. Bagit - is an instrumental music played on the kudyapi, showing rhythm
movements and sound of natures like rustling of leaves, running water,
chirping of birds, monkey, snakes, etc.
• musical instruments are made up of bamboo, wood, strings and
metals.

2. Basal - is a gong ensemble consists of set of one or two big gongs, agung
and a pair of small ringed gongs, sanang, and drum called gimbal.

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 Let’s watch this
“Palawan Music”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MSHheytgruw&t=8s

MUSIC OF THE VISAYAS

Music from the Visayas is generally viewed as influenced by the Spanish colonial
music tradition with its use of the guitar and its vocal / choral and instrument.
While most folk music from the Visayas was influenced by the introduction of
Christianity, fusion and mixture have marked the character of the para-liturgical
music used in different festivals. There are still existing ethno-linguistic groups
from the Visayas who continue to nurture and practice music dating from the
pre-Spanish period.

Musical style of the Visayans is a song-and-dance debate between a man and a

woman known as balitaw.
The theme is about love and marriage usually performed by singers, dancers
and actors.

A. VOCAL MUSIC
1. Matud Nila – Visayan Love song
2. Rosas Pandan – Visayan courting Song
3. Condansoy – Visayan Drinking song
4. Ilonga Bata - Children's song
5. Dandansoy – Ilonngo farewell song
6. Ili-ili Tulog Anay – Ilonngo lullabye
7. Akokinisi Angi – Visayan Work Song
8. Si Pelimon – Visayan Work Song

B. INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
Instrumental music shows a rich diversity in the musical culture of the
region. The different ensembles, with their respective sounds reflect not
only the enthusiastic musical involvement of the people of the Visayas but

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also their sentiments, way of life, and interactions with their environment
and other people.

1. Rondalla
• a string ensemble originating from Spain played with a pick or
plectrum.
• many Filipino musicians were able to lead the way in Rondalla
Ensemble and one of them was Juan Silos Jr., who is known as “Father
of Rondalla”.
• from the Spanish ronda, meaning “serenade”
• Its origins were in the folk playing bands of stringed-instruments that
were played using the plectrum (pick) such as the piccolo, Bandurria,
laud, octavina, guitar; bajo de unas (double bass), and often, a drum
for percussion.
Rondalla Instruments
Bandurria – is a 14-string instrument with 16 frets and shorter neck. it
is the soprano instrument of the rondalla and usually plays the melodic
line of the composition.
Laud - comes from a spanish word which means lute – it is a plectrum-
plucked chordophone that has 12 strings in pairs like the bandurria but
with a longer neck
Octavina – has a shorter neck compared to the guitar, with14 string sad
16 frets
- it serves as the alto of the rondalla

Bandurria Laud Octavina

Guitar - is a popular musical instrument classified as a chordophone
instrument with usually having 6 strings – it plays the rhythm or beat
of the musical piece.

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 Bajo de Unas - is the largest among the instruments in most stringed
ensembles - evident by its thick strings, large body, and low tones.

The number of strings varies from the standard 4-stringed to the rare
6-stringed and can have pitches three octaves lower than middle
octave. -it plays the bass part of the musical piece.

2. Tultogan - The word “tultugan” is actually an indigenous term for

bamboo drum. It is a bamboo and drum ensemble used by the natives
for communication. To produce sound, the body of the bamboos are
being struck with a stick.
3. Binanog - is a gong drum, wooden percussion ensemble. -used to
accompany a dance movement imitating the flight of the hawk

Let’s watch this

“Tunog-tugan : First International Gongs and Bamboo Music
Festival of Maasin”
Performed by: Hubon Manug-Gama

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdI_PS7Qsoo

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C. PRESENTATION OF CONCEPTS AND SKILLS

Let’s have some review

What are the Elements of Music?

MUSIC ANALYSIS:
DIRECTIONS: Select a music in the list below. Analyze your selected music
using the Music Analysis sheet.

List of Music to be analyzed:

1. “Hudhud” Students of Tungngod Elementary School in Lagawe
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_INh21NMpU
2. “Ambahan” Hanunuo Mangyan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ISSSrwAM7Ic
3. “Palawan Chant” Masino Intaray (GAMABA Awardee)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=haS7c8XSWvE
4. “Matud Nila” Dulce
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MxmM7iNTnJM

MUSIC ANALYSIS SHEET FOR VOCAL MUSIC

Title:
Artist:
Melody/Pitch

Rhythm

Tempo

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 Timbre

Dynamics

Texture

Mood

1. DIRECTIONS: Watch and observe carefully how these music groups

render their music.Fill-in the table after the video presentation.

MUSIC ASSESSMENT FORM FOR INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC

INSTRUMENTAL I hear… I feel… I noticed…
MUSICAL GROUP Characterize the Does the music convey Identify the
tone quality an atmosphere or tell a instruments
story? used in the music
CORDILLERA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gar50i7Qqis
MUSIC

KALUTANG https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0x2fvVcq8OI
INSTRUMENT

PALAWAN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MSHheytgruw&t=37s
INSTRUMENTS

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RONDALLA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4a5cO5_SU-I
ENSEMBLE

A. MASTERY OF SKILLS and CONCEPTS

I. DIRECTIONS: Practice clapping the following notes

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

II. DIRECTIONS: Create your own rhythmic pattern in time signature.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

MAPEH 7 (Music) – Module 2 – Second Quarter - Page 13 of 17

2. Broadening of Concept
After studying and exploring the rich musical traditions
of the Lowland of Luzon in the Philippines and
analyzing its musical elements, you can now create
music through various processes that aims to promote
and preserve Filipino music for the past few decades.

A. MUSIC CRITICISM
➢ Why do you need to study Philippine Music?

➢ How does Music affect culture?

➢ What have you discovered about the history of our people after studying
the music of Cordillera, Mindoro, Palawan, and the Visayas?

3. Integration
➢ We usually hear music expressing stories related to people, times, and
places. As Marian, how are you going to use your knowledge in music to
impact the views of a society?

MAPEH 7 (Music) – Module 2 – Second Quarter - Page 14 of 17

V. EVALUATION / ASSESSMENT

A. MUSIC PRODUCTION
PERFORMANCE TASK: “Household Ethnic Jam”
GOAL: You are going to perform an ethnic inspired music.
ROLE: You are a music innovator.
AUDIENCE: Online viewers.
SITUATION: Our body is considered as the most basic musical instrument. We can
produce different sound through our mouth by singing simple chants or
whistling and even simple movements such as clapping of hands and
stomping of feet. Then the indigenous people discovered that they can
also produce sounds using the materials available in their locality. That
was the start of the ethnic sound of the indigenous people used to
express thoughts, beliefs, culture, tradition, and lifestyle.
Pursuant to the curriculum of Department of Education (DepEd) in Music
Education that focuses on the Music of Cordillera, Mindoro, Palawan, and
the Visayas, the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) is
encouraging different schools to have a digital music show. In line with
SMA-P advocacy, Engaged Citizen, all Grade 7 students are enjoined in
promoting Music of the Philippines through a production of a music video.
PRODUCT/ As a music innovator, you are going to create your own music video
PERFORMANCE presenting ethnic sound or music using the available materials at your
home such as broomstick, frying pan, spoon and fork and the likes as
your musical instrument.

The rhythmic patterns should be in time signature.

STANDARD FOR Your teacher will evaluate your performance using the following criteria:
SUCCESS Rhythm, Sound Quality, Creativity & Ethnic Sound Presentation.

You may also visit the following links for some examples:
Household Percussion Jam
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8Cqyi5WxSU

STOMP "Kitchen Beats" Tutorial

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fkCHMapx6B0

MAPEH 7 (Music) – Module 2 – Second Quarter - Page 15 of 17

 B. MUSIC ASSESSMENT
You will be graded according to the following:
FAIR GOOD VERY GOOD OUTSTANDING
1-2 PTS. 3 PTS. 4 PTS. 5 PTS.
Rhythm The beat is The beat is The beat is The beat is
consistently somewhat confident, and the confidently
irregular. Some irregular. Some rhythms are mostly demonstrated, and
rhythms are rhythms are accurate. There the rhythms are
accurate. Frequent accurate. Frequent are a few duration accurate for the
or repeated duration or repeated errors, but these music being
errors. Rhythm duration errors. do not lessen from played.
problems Rhythm problems the overall
occasionally lessen occasionally lessen performance.
from the overall from the overall
performance. performance.
Sound Student is unable to Student is able to Student is able to Student can
Quality produce a sound on produce a basic produce a good- produce excellent-
the instrument. sound on the quality sound on quality sounds on
Most of the required instrument. the instrument. the instrument.
elements are not It functions but The home The home
met. does not function instrument instrument
very well. The functioned but not produces the
instrument cannot as well as it could. intended sound.
meet many of the The instrument
requirements of meets the
loudness, pitch, requirements of
and tune. loudness and pitch.

Creativity Student did not play Student performed Student performed Student performed
any instrument. an instrument with solid effort in more than the
materials that were playing his/her expected effort in
not found at home. instrument playing his/her
creatively. home instrument
creatively.
Ethnic Student did not Student presented Student presented Student excellently
Sound present home home instrument home instrument presented home
Presentation instrument and and played a little and played almost instrument and
cannot produce bit of ethnic sound ethnic sound played perfect
ethnic sound music. music music. ethnic sound
music.

VI. REFERENCES
Learning Resources: Date retrieved: August 12, 2020
Ambahan Samples https://mygrade7music.blogspot.com/2014/07/?m=0
Music of Cordillera, Mindoro, Palawan, and the Visayas

https://www.slideshare.net/YsayJardeleza/unit-ii-music-of-the-cordillera-mindoro-
palawan-and-the-visayas

MAPEH 7 (Music) – Module 2 – Second Quarter - Page 16 of 17

https://www.slideshare.net/joannebuenafemilladas/music-of-the-cordilleramindoro-
palawan-and-visayas

Photo Credits:
Gangsa https://ricegodandmountains.wordpress.com/2015/03/09/cornelis-d-w-
willcoxs-description-of-the-gangs/

Bungkaka, Tongatong,
http://maestroflute.blogspot.com/2013/07/kalinga-instruments-for-sale.html

Tongali
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/fullsize/Truman_Warner_Anthropological
_Collection_MS048/5183/ms048_036.jpg

Kudyapi
https://d3ecqbn6etsqar.cloudfront.net/bTWcxV1PPZpEREzwo7iOKNn5LZs=/0x720/sma
rt/141928.jpg

Gitgit-https://www.toptenz.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/hairhistory7.jpg

Kalutang-
https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/ASBMD/boackalutang.gif

Bandurria
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Bandurria1.jpg/320px-
Bandurria1.jpg

Laud
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/La%C3%BAd_espa%C3
%B1ol.jpg/151px-La%C3%BAd_espa%C3%B1ol.jpg

Octavina
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-
FeP9R7pwdxg/UEIBxP2HbMI/AAAAAAAAABU/76NBAGxA0go/s1600/0006832_500.jpeg
Guitar
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/GuitareClassique5.png/3
66px-GuitareClassique5.png

Bajo de Unas
https://i2.wp.com/wanderingbakya.com/wp-
content/uploads/2016/06/bajodeunas2.jpg?resize=768%2C828&ssl=1

MAPEH 7 (Music) – Module 2 – Second Quarter - Page 17 of 17