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2
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 2019
Shamsan.rageh@yahoo.com
Mobile – 00967771578524

7
105

8
 ‫ اليمن‬- ‫رقم اإليداع بدار الكتب الوطنية‬
Book Deposit No
2019/1318

Free Not For Sale

) ISBN (

9
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
3
5
10
23
24
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45

10
46
48
49
50
51 Fire Training Simulators

53
55
56 Backdraft
57 Flash over
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70 Extinguishment Agents
71
72 Water Hammer

73
74
75
76

11
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84 CAFS

85
86
87
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
98
99
100
101
102
104
105
106

12
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134

13
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
156 8 8 6 64 4
157
158
159
160
161
162
163

14
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171 Call Point

171
172 NFPA

173
174
175
176
177
178
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
190

15
191
192 SCBA & SAR

193 APR,NPR,PPR & PAPR

194
195
196
197
198
199
200
200
201
202
202
203
204
205
205
206
207
208
209 Ramjet

210
211
212
213
214
215

16
216
217
218
219
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
229
230
231
232
235
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
245
246
247

17
248
249
250 A

251 B

252 C

255 D

258 E

266 F

267
269
270
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288

18
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300 MSDS

301
302
302
303
304
305
306
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316

19
317
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338 LPG & LNG(

339
340
341
342 BLEVE PHENOMENON

343
344
345

20
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
354
355
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363 Triage

364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372

21
373
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388 8
389
390
390
391
392
400
413 (Acronyms

418
419
420
422

22
Chemistry Of Fire

23
 ‫منزلية‬

‫‪Fire‬‬

‫‪1778‬‬

‫‪1774‬‬

‫‪1771‬‬

‫‪1778‬‬

‫‪24‬‬
.

25
Products Of Fire

Gases

Carbon Dioxide (Co2)

Steam (Water Vapor)
Carbon Particles
Carbon Monoxide (Co)

Hydrogen Cyanide(HCN)
Sulfur Dioxide
Smoke
26
 Flame Light

.
Heating

27
 Fire Spreading

28
29
.

30
Types Of Flames

Bunsen Burner

Turbulent Flame

Laminar Flame

31
Classification Of Flames

-1

Premixed Flame

Diffusion Flame

-2
Stationary Flame
Propagating Flame

Flame Stretch

32
 -3
)1
Laminar Flame
)2
Turbulent Flame

Turbulent Flame Laminar Flame

Flame Waves -4
(Detonation) )1

(Supper Sonic)
(Deflagration) )2

(Sub Sonic)

33
34
Fire Definitions
Fire

Combustion

Spontaneous Combustion

Ignition Point

Flash Point

Boiling Point

Fire Point

Heat

Matter

35
 Fuel

Flammability Limits

Flashback

Exothermic Reactions

Endothermic Reactions

Oxidation Process

Reduction Process

Melting

Freezing

Vaporization

Sublimation

Condensation

Deposition

36
 Spontaneous Combustion

Decomposition / pyrolysis

.
Chemical Reaction

Suction Of Oxygen

37
 Bacteria & Growing

12

. 15

Oxidation

Auto-ignition
Piloted Ignition

38
Types Of Oxidation

Slow Oxidation
Intermediate Oxidation

Rapid Oxidation

Heat of Solution -1
-2

)Heat of Neutralization -1
Heat of Combustion -2
Heat of formation( -3

Physical Changing -
( – – )

Chemical Changing -

39
 Exothermic Reactions

Endothermic Reactions

Oxidation Process

Reduction Process

40
 Sources Of Energy

Electrical Power Energy

Mechanical Energy

Chemical Energy

Atomic &Nuclear Energy

Lighting/Radiant Energy

41
Fire Triangle & Fire Theory

Fire Tetrahedron

Fuel -1

Source Of Ignition Heat -2

42
 Oxygen -3
21
15

Chemical Chain Reaction -4

Chemical Chain Reaction

43
 Solid Fuel

Liquid Fuel

Gas Fuel

44
Phases Of Fire

Incipient Stage Ignition Phase

Growth Stage

Fully Developed Stage -

45
 Decay Stage

Effecting Factors On The Severity Of The Fire

Fuel Load & Heat release Rate -1

46
 Watt

Volume Of Fire(Surface Geometry) -2

Oxygen Percentage - -3

21

16

‫والبنزين‬ 15

47
 Fire Behavior

Compartment Fire Behavior

48
Compartment Fire Behavior

49
Fire Training Techniques

50
Fire Training Simulators

Computerizes Training Simulators System

Live Training Simulator Field

51
 Training Simulators

Petroleum Fire Simulators

Building Fire Simulators

52
Causes of fire

75

-1

53
 -2
-3
. -4
. -5
-6
.
-7
.
-8

-9

- 10

- 11

54
 Backdraft

Backdraft
-1
-2
-3

-4
-5

-6

-7

55
Backdraft Indications

Backdraft
-1
-2

-3
-4

-5

-6

56
Flashover

-1
-2
-3

57
 Fire Extinguishment Methods
)Fire Theory (

-1
Smothering / Blanketing (The Limitation Of Oxygen) -Exclusion Of Oxygen

58
Reduction Of Temperature (Cooling) -2

Starvation -3
The Limitation Of Fuel )Removal Of Fuel)

59
 Stop Chemical Chain Reaction -4

(Free Radicals)

Chemical Chain Reaction

(Interrupted Chain Reaction)

60
Heat Transfer Modes

Conduction

61
 Convection

Radiation

62
Classification Of Fire

Classification Of Fire
Ordinary Combustible

63
Flammable Liquids

Flammable Gases

64
Combustible Metals

(Foam) (CO2)
(Powder) ( Halon)

65
 Electrically energized equipment

BCF
Cooking Oils And Fats

Wet Chemical Powder

Mixed Fire

66
 Co2 - BCF

67
Fire classifications

Class (K) Class (D) Class (C) Class (B) Class (A) Class
 Hazards Of Fire
Personal Hazard -1

.
Damaged Hazard -2

Exposure Hazard ) -3

.
68
Classification Of Fire Hazardous

Low Hazard -

Intermediate Hazard -

High Hazard -

69
Extinguishment Agents

Water (H2O)

70
Water Stream Patterns

Solid (Straight) Stream

Water Spray
Broken (Power Cone) Stream

71
 Water Fog Stream

Water Hammer

72
 Foam

Mechanical Foam
Chemical Foam

Synthetic Foam
Natural Foam

Synthetic Foam

73
 Natural Foam

Protein Foam (PF) -1

Fluoroprotein(FP) -2
Film Forming Flour-Protein (FFFP) -3
Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) -4
Alcohol Resistant (ARFFF) -5
High Expansion Foam -6
Protein Foam (PF)

6 3
.
Fluroprotein Foam FP

%6 %3
.

74
 Film Forming Flour-Protein (FFFP)

3%

. 6%

Aqueous Film – Forming Foam (AFFF)

Alcohol Resistant Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AR-AFFF)

)polysaccharide polymer

9 3
.

75
Classification By Expansion

Low Expansion(LX)

20 1

Medium Expansion (MX) -

200 21

High Expansion (HX) -

1000 201

(High Expansion Foam

Generator)

Class A Foam
Class B Foam

76
How Foam Works

Separating

Cooling

Smothering

77
 Foam Quality Specifications
Free Movement & Spreading

.
Floating Ability

.
Viscosity & Adhesion

Forms Tough Cohesive Blanket

.
Resisting the Heat

.
Against Fuel Mixture

.
Holding The Water

Drainage Time

78
Foam Application Methods

Roll-On-Method

Bank In

Bank-Down-Method

Rain-Down-Method

Snowflake

79
 Foam Proportion & Eductors (inductors)

Eductors And Injectors

Automatic System
Automatic Foam Proportioners
Balanced pressure bladder systems
Balanced pressure pump systems
Electronic direct injection systems
Manual System
Manual Foam Proportioners
Eductors
Around The Pump System
Self-educting Nozzles

80
 Automatic System
Balanced Pressure Bladder Systems

Balanced Pressure Pump Systems

Injection Proportioner Foam Direct

81
 Eductors
In-Line Eductors

Bypass Eductors

82
Around The Pump System
Round The Pump Proportioner
Around The Pump Eductor

Self-Educting Nozzles

83
Compressed Air Foam Systems (CAFS)

Types of Foam Systems

Fixed Foam Systems -1

Semi Fixed Systems -2
Mobile and Portable Apparatus -3

Fixed Foam Systems

Semi Fixed Systems

84
Mobile and Portable Apparatus

Foam Proportioning Percentage

9 6 3

6 :
100 94 6

6 3 1

3 2 1,2

85
 Chemical Foam
)Sodium Bicarbonate
)Aluminum Sulfate

Foam Filling

86
Hand-Line Foam Nozzles

Fog Nozzle

Solid Bore Foam

Air-Aspiration Foam

Water Aspirating Foam Tube

87
Foam Tetrahedron

)1

)2

)3

)4

88
 Vaporized Liquid (Halons)

(Halogenated Hydrocarbon)

Chemical Powder
Dry Chemical Powder (DCP)
Wet Chemical Powder

Types Of Dry Chemical Powder

Potassium Bicarbonate ( Purple –K) )1

‫( أو‬KCL) )2
) Mono-Ammonium Phosphate )3

Multipurpose Powder ABC

Mixing Sodium Bicarbonate (90%), Magnesium Sterate

(1.5%), Magnesium Carbonate (1%), And Tricalcium Phosphate (1%)

89
 Sodium Chloride )4

)5
Soda Ash Talc powder )6
(Graphite Powder
T.E.C powder (Ternary Eutectic Chloride ) )7
Met, L, X Powder )8
Monnex )9
Ammonium Phosphate )10
Potassium Bicarbonate & Urea Complex (AKA Monnex) )11
Potassium Chloride, Or Super-K )12
ET-L-KYL / PYROKYL )13

Wet Chemical Powder

)Potassium Citrate( ( Potassium Acetate (

)Potassium Carbonate(

+ Alkali Metal Salt + Anti-Freeze Chemicals Added + Detergent Based Additives

90
Dry Chemical Systems
Full Flooding System )1

Local Flooding System )2

.
Simi Hand System )3

Carbon Dioxide (Co2)

91
Dry Sand (Fire Buckets)

92
 Fire Blanket

FK

93
 Foaming of Runways for Emergency Landings
Protein Foam

Landing Gear Malfunction

Passenger Jet Made An Emergency Landing On A Protective Layer Of Foam

94
 15 1

Airport Services Manual Part 1. Rescue And Fire Fighting Chapter 15

Foaming Of Runways For Emergency Landings

(Touch Down)
30 1400 800

Loose
Stowed

95
15

96
 (FAA) )1
Foam Paths For Emergency Landings

)2
)Purple-K Dry Chemical

)3
Polymer Foam

97
(Vaporized Liquid & Halon Alternative)

Halogenated Hydrocarbons

1211 BrCl2CFl)
1301 Br3CF

3 O3

98
Way To Give Halons Numbers

BTM 1301 BCF1211

0 1 1 2 1
1 0 3 1

HALON 1211 (BCF) 1211

HALON 1301 (BTM) 1301

Free Radicals

Chain Reaction

99
Applications of Halons

CFC

‫بعبوات‬

100
(ODS)
HCFCs (CFCs)
Halons Methyl Bromide MBr

1301 1211

(CFCs) Freon

(CFC12)
(HFC 134a)
1301 )CBrCLF2 1211 (Halons)
CBrF3

(CCL4)
.
(HCFCs)
(HCFC-22)
(CFCs)

101
 Halon Alternatives
(ODS)
None (ODS)
FE227 (HFC 227ea) FM-200 - 1

FM-200

)Total-Flooding Systems)

Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC-23) FE - 13 - 2
(ODP) Trifluoromethane
FC-5-1-14 (Clean Extinguishing Agents) (CEA) – 614 - 3
PERFLUOROHEXANE

102
 ) HCFC Blend NAF-SIII - 4

1301
HCFC - 22 82% chlorodifluoromethane (Freon 22; CFC 22)
HCFC – 123 4.75% 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane
HCFC - 124 9.5% Chlorotetrafluoroethane
Organic 3.75% d-limonene
)C2HCl2F HFC Blend B HALOTRON - 5

Streaming systems
HCFC Blend B contains approximately 94% HCFC-123, 4% argon, and 2% CF4
dodecafluoro-2-methylpentan- (3M) NOVEC 1230 - 6
(ODP) Fluoroketone, Not HFC 3-one

FK-6-1-14 (C7 Fluoroketone)

(Inert Gas) (IG-55) ARGONITE - 7

50 50

Ar N2

(CO2

IG-01 (Argon), IG-55 (Blend Of 50 % Nitrogen And 50% Argon), IG-100 (Nitrogen),
And IG-541 (Blend Of 52% Nitrogen, 40% Argon, And 8% CO2)
(G-541) INERGEN ANERGEN - 8
8 40 52
100 ARGON - 9
(ODP) PBr3d PHOSTREX- 10

103
 HFC 3-4-9 C2/(R866) FS 49 C2 - 11

(ODP)
1301

HFC 125 (FE-25) Hydroflourocarbon (HFC) FE 25 - 12

Atmospheric
Lifetime (Yrs)
(ODP)
.

Classes Of Halon Replacements

(HFC)
(PFC)
(HEF)
Fluid Flouroketone (FK)
Inert Gas (IG)
Hydrofluoroalkane (HFA)
Greenhouse Gas (GHG)
(ODS)

104
 Nozzle Types

-1
Automatic Nozzles
-2
Manually Adjustable Nozzles
-3
Conventional Nozzles
-4
Piercing Nozzle

Automatic Nozzles

105
106
 30

107
 185 psi 275 psi

Manually Adjustable Nozzles

108
 Conventional Nozzles

Piercing Nozzle

0, 15
7 3

109
Describe The Parts Of Nozzles
-1
-2

-3
-4

-5

-6

Nozzles On / Off Control

110
Factors Affecting The Reach Of Fire Stream

111
Control Valves In Fire Nozzles

Rotary Valve Operation

Deflection Stem

Ball Valve Operation

Slide Valve Operation

112
Fire Fighting Stream Tactics
Forming Letters )1

T, Z, O

T -

-
Z
-
O

)2

)3

Thermal Layer

113
Flashover

)4

)5

114
 )6

)7

115
 )8

)9

)10

)11

116
Types Of Fire Hoses

Fire Hose General Features

117
 Flexible

Durable

Anti-Decompose

Lighting In Weight

Delivery Hoses Attack Hoses

Wrapped Hose ‫ أو‬Suction Hoses

Types Of Hose, Uses & Construction

Wrapped Hose - Intake Hose - Suction Hoses
Woven-Jacket Hose -Attack Hose
Extinguisher Hose -Braided Hose
Relay supply Hose -Rubber-Covered Hose

Wrapped Hose ‫ أو‬Suction Hoses

118
5 3

Debris

Strainer

Woven-Jacket Hose –Attack Hose

2,5 Unlined Lined

30 15 100 50

Extinguisher Hose –Braided Hose

Relay-supply Hose -Rubber-Covered Hose

(Reel Line) (Booster Hose Reel)

119
 Operating Hoselines Methods

-
-
-
-
-

Sitting With Loop

Approach & Retrieving A Loose Hose

120
Hose Rolls

Straight Roll (Storage Roll) .1

Single Donut Roll .2
Twin Donut Roll .3

Self-Locking Twin Donut Roll .4

Straight Roll

)1

)2

)3

Donut Roll

)1

)2
)3

121
 Twin Roll

Self-Locking Twin Donut Roll

Alternative Single Method

122
 Hose Deploy
-1

-2
-3

-4

Alternative Deployment Way

Draining Fire Hose

)1
)2
)3

)4

123
 Hose Carry Methods
Carrying a Hose Forward
Shoulder Carry
Underarm Carry

Street Drag Carry

Shoulder Loop Carry

124
Washing Fire Hose With Coupling
Manual

. Mechanical

Storing Fire Hose

125
Hose Loads
Accordion Hose Load
Horseshoes Hose Load
Flat Hose Load
ARFF Vehicle Hose Load

Hose Lays
Forward Lay
Reverse Lay

Split Lay

126
 Drying Hose

Mechanical

Tower Fire Hose

Rack

Causes And Prevention Of Fire Hose Damage

Causes & Damage Of Fire Hose

Mechanical injury )1

Chemical Contact )2
Organic Damage )3
Heat/ Thermal Injury )4

127
Making An Emergency Hose Clamp

Hydraulic Press, Press Down & Screw Down

10

Kink Method

Hose Jacket

128
 Coupling & Uncoupling Hose (Connecting Fire Hose)

Coupling Fire Hose

Over-Hip

Foot-Tilt

Uncoupling Fire Hose

Two-Firefighter Stiff-Arm
Foot-Tilt

129
Attached & Disconnect Nozzles

Attaching Nozzle Straddling Hose

Attaching Nozzle Stepping On Hose

Types Of Fire Hose Coupling

Alloy, Bronze, Gun

)Metal Chrome plated

130
Instantaneous Hose Coupling

Threaded Fire Hose Coupling

Storz Coupling

Adapter

131
 Quarter Turn Coupling

Locks or Cams

Methods Of Attached Hose To Coupling

Expansion Rings
Screw-In Expanders

Collar
Tension Rings
Banding

Adaptors

Adaptor -Double Male

Adaptor -Double Female
Female To Male Reducer

Female -Female Thread Increaser

Male instantaneous-Female Thread Adaptor

132
Water Fire Hydrants

133
 Types Of Water Hydrant

Dry –Barrel Hydrant -1

Wet –Barrel Hydrant -2

Dry –Barrel Hydrant

Wet –Barrel Hydrant

•
•

134
 Special Hydrants

Stand-Post Type
Underground Type (Sluice-Valve Type) Private Hydrant
Dry Pillar Hydrant Wet Hydrant Pedestal Flush Hydrant

135
 Painted Color Code

1500

1000

900 500

500

500

Fire Flow Test

NFPA

136
Control Valves

UL FM

Safety Valves Relief Valves

137
 Types Of Valves
Ball Valve -1
Gate Valve GV -2
)known as wafer valve( Butterfly Valve (BV) -3
Clapper Valve -4
Deluge Valve (Del V( -5
Alarm Valve ALV -6
Dry Pipe Valve DPV -7
Pressure Relief Valve PRV -8
Swing Check Valve (SCV) -9
Test And Drain Valves - 10
Post Indicator Valve (PIV) - 11
Outside Stem & Yoke (OS&Y) valve - 12
Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV) - 13
Isolation Valve - 14
Angle Valve - 15
Globe Valve - 16
Diaphragm Valve - 17
Needle And Cone Valves - 18

138
 Ball Valve

90
Quarter Turn

Full Port

Reduced Port Standard Port

)OS &Y Gate Valve

(Outside Stem And Yoke” Or "Outside Screw And Yoke)

Post Indicating Valve

Open Or Closed

139
Gate Valve GV

)RISING STEM GATE VALVE(

)NON-RISING STEM GATE VALVE

Resilient Wedge NRS Gate Valve

140
)known as wafer valve( Butterfly Valve

90

Wafer Valve

Deluge Valve (Del V

Isolation Valves

141
 Alarm Valve ALV

Wet System

Dry Pipe Valve DPV

142
 Pressure Relief Valve PRV

Non Return Valve Check Valve (CV)

143
Swing Check Valve (SCV)
Ball Check Valve (BCV)
Disc Check Valve (DCV)
Piston Check Valve (PCV)

Plug valve

90

Globe Valve GV

144
(Diaphragm Valve)

(Weir Diaphragm Valve)

145
Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV)

Pinch Valve

Needle Valve

Liquid Color Coding

146
Valves Operation Methods
Mechanical

Electric Motor

Solenoid Actuate

Hydraulic

Classification Of Valves
Liner Motion Valve

Rotary Motion Valve

90
Quarter Turn Valve

147
Valve Symbols

Butterfly Valve

Ball Valve

Gate Valve

Globe Valve

Check Valve

Plug Valve

Needle Valve

Diaphragm Valve

Relief Valve

Spring Gate Valve

Knife Valve

Angle Valve

Pinch Valve

Slide Valve
‫منزلق‬
Flanged Valve

Hydraulic Valve

148
 Types Of Fire Ladders

One Piece Ladder(Single Ladder) -1

Roof Hook Ladder -2

‫الصعود‬
Extension Ladder -3

149
Bangor Ladder -4

Aerial Ladder -5

150
Fire Ladder Climbing Procedures

151
Ladder Carry

One Man Ladder Carry

Two Men Ladder Carry

Single Firefighter Ladder Carry With Tools In Hand

& On Ladder

Carry The Ladder Over Shoulder

4
Four Men Ladder Carry

152
 Three Firefighter Flat Shoulder Carry

Three Firefighter Flat Arms Carry

Four – Firefighter Ladder Low Shoulder Carry

Single & Two Firefighter Ladder Drag With Tools On Ladder

153
 Kinds Of Fire Vehicles

14,000 10,000 1
4

1.200 Foam truck

3 2

2
Rescue vehicle
3 2

RAPID INTERVENTION
3
VEHICLE
3

4
Ambulance
5 3

Tanker 5

6
2

Sweeper Trucks

154
 7
2
Follow me

8
3

ground service car

9
2

Leadership car
5

Aerial Platform
Fire Truck 10

155
 Foam/Water Fire Truck
8 8
18,000
18
2,000

6 6
12 12,000
2,000

4 4
750 6000

Powder ,Foam ,Co2 & Halons

Wheel Drive Axle

156
 Powder Fire Truck

4000 1000
50

Rapid-Intervention-Vehicle (RIVs)

Rescue Fire Vehicle

Fire-Fighting-Aerial-Platform

157
Roof Monitor / Turret

Joystick

Platform

joystick

)Piercing Nozzle(

FLIR
Forward Looking Infrared

158
 Bumper Monitor

Hose Reels & Side Line

159
 Specifications Of ARFF Trucks

25 80 0
.Drive P.T.O 130
6 4
18000 7000

2500 1000
12 8,000
800

VHF

30 300

50

2500 100 5000

30 450 50

414 NFPA
Aircraft Rescue Fire Fighting )ARFF (

160
Drafting From An Open Water Supply Source

Operating Fire Pump

N )1
On

)2
Master

Switch
Throttle )3

)4

161
 Centrifugal Fire Pump

FM UL BS ANSI NFPA 20

Impeller

(Radial Flow Pump) -1

(Axial Flow Pump) -2

(Mixed Flow Pump) -3

-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8

162
 :
Jockey Pump

:
Electrically Driven Pump
6

Diesel Engine Driven Pump

NFPA 20

Volute Pump -1

Diffuser Pump -2

Turbine Pump -3

Propeller Pump -4

163
Types Of Fire Pumps

(Shaft (

(Horizontal)
(Vertical)

End Suction Pump

-
-
-
-
-
Horizontal Split Case Pump

164
 (Booster Pump)

.
(Suction Pump)

.
(Jockey Pump)

165
Operating Theory Of Fire Pumps

Centrifugal Pump
-1
-2

166
Automatic Fire Alarm & Detection System
Fire Fighting System

NFPA 72

Conventional System

Addressable System

167
 Fire Detectors
Station Call Point – Manual
(Control Panel -3

Audible Alarm -4
Siren – Red Lamps – Rotating Alarm Bells)
Flasher
Network -5
Main Power Supply -6
Supply Standby Power

168
 Fire Detectors

Type Of Detectors Fire

Heat Detectors -1

169
Fixed Temperature Detector )1(

. 30
Rate of Rise Detector )2(

.
)3(
Combination Rate of Rise –Fixed Temperature Detector

15 -4

Smoke Detectors -2

(Optical Bean)

Ionization Refractory

170
 Flame Detectors -3
Light Detector

Flame Ultraviolet Detector

Flame Infrared Detector
Flame Flicker Detector
Flame Photoelectric Detector

Manual Alarm Call Point

171
 1,60 1,20

Automatically Fire Fighting System

NFPA

)NFPA 17(
NFPA 17A
NFPA 12
1301 NFPA 12ِA
)NFPA 13)
. NFPA 16
NFPA 15

NFPA 750

172
 Automatic Sprinkler System

Glass Type

.
Fusible Link Type

.
68
110

Type Of Sprinkler Head

Pendant Type Sprinkler

173
 Up Right Sprinkler

Side Wall Sprinkler

Intermediate Level Sprinkler

Corrosion Resistant Sprinkler

Decorative sprinkler

174
Sprinklers Codes Colors

Automatic Fire Sprinkler System

Pre-Action System

175
 Triggers

Dry Pipe System

.
Wet Pipe System

Deluge System

176
Fire Extinguisher Color Code

2,4,10,25, 50,100K BCF

2,3,6,10,12,30K CO2

9,45,150L FOAM

4,9,12,23,150K
DRY POWDER
9L WATER

4,9,12,K
WET CHEMICAL

177
 Types Of Fire Extinguishers

(Water Fire Extinguisher)

(Dry Fire Extinguisher)
(Wet Powder Fire Extinguisher)
Co2 Fire Extinguisher
Holon Fire Extinguisher)
(Foam Fire Extinguisher)

Stored Pressure
Cartridge

178
 (Water Fire Extinguisher )

12 9 6
CO2

(Dry Fire Extinguisher)

179
(Wet Powder Fire Extinguisher)

K F

Co2 Fire Extinguisher

180
Holon Fire Extinguisher)

Halon /Halotron/FE36 /FM200/BCF 1211

(Foam Fire Extinguisher)

181
 A
Water Class (A)

Foam
Class B

CO2
Class C

Powder
Class D

Wet Powder Class F or K

A.B.C

182
Choosing a Fire Extinguisher

-1
-2
-3

-4
-5

-6

183
 -7

-8

Sign & Mark Fire Extinguishers' Place

Mounting Of Fire Extinguishers

184
 16

26 16

30

15

Fire Extinguishers Distribution

185
How To Use Fire Extinguisher

pass

186
Fire Extinguisher Training

187
Fire Extinguisher's Maintenance & Inspection
-1

-2

12

5 6

-3

-4

-5

-6
-7

-8

188
 -9

- 10
- 11
6 - 12
- 13

Hydrostatic

- 14

- 15

- 16

- 17

189
 Breathing Apparatus

Applications Of Breathing Apparatus

190
 Selecting Breathing Apparatus

)1
Potential For An IDLH Atmosphere )2

)3
)4
)5

Assigned Protection Factor (APF)

Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health (IDLH)

191
 Types Of Respirators

Atmosphere-Supplying Respirator (ASR)

Air Purifying Respirator (APR)

)SCBA & SAR(

Supplied Air Respirator (SAR) (Air Line) )1

(SAR)
(SAR)
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) )2
45 30 (SCBA)
9 6

192
 Air Purifying Respirator (APR)

Negative Pressure Respirators(NPR)

Full Face - Half Face
Positive Pressure Respirators (PPR)
Powered-Air Purifying Respirator with Full Face Mask •
Powered-Air Purifying Respirator with Hood •

Powered-Unpowered Air Purifying Respirators (PAPR)

Half Face Covers Mouth & Nose

Full Face Covers Mount Nose & Eyes

193
Mode Of Operation
Continue Flow -1

Negative-pressure Demand -2

Pressure-demand" or "positive pressure -3

194
Types of Facepieces
Tight-Fitting

Loose-Fitting

Straps or Clamps )1
Half Face )2
Mouthpiece
)3
Disposable Dust Mask
Full Face )4
Quarter Mask )5

Hood )1
Helmet )2
Full Body Suit )3
)4
Loose-Fitting Facepiece

195
 Scba Parts

Cartridge Color Code

196
SCBA INSTRUCTIONS (SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS)

197
PASS

80

100

198
Safety Net (Life Net)

10

199
 Types Of Fire Station Stand By

VIP
Local
Stand. by

Full
Emergency

A/C Accident

200
Airplane Accidents

Ground Accident -1

Low Speed Accident -2

High Speed Accident -3

201
 Causes Of Accidents

Run Way

.
:

.
...

202
Thermal Sources in Airplanes

.
(Engines)

(APU)
(APU)

.
(Electrical System & Wires)

203
 (Landing Gear)

500

.
Fuselage (Friction

(Batteries)
Gel Lead Acid
Nickel-Cadmium( )Lithium-Ion)

204
 Dangerous & Flammable Materials
:
Fuel

Oxygen

Covering Materials

.
Decoration & Furniture

.
Fuselage

800
.
(Oil, Grease & Hydraulic)

Alcohol

205
 Engine Types

(Piston Engine)

(Propeller)

In-Line

(Horizontally opposed Radial

V-type

( Turbine Engine )

Shaft

,
- Fan
- Turbine Combustor Compressor -
: Exhaust nozzle
.

206
 :
.
:
2700

.
:

.
Thrust :

Types Of Turbine Engine

( Turbojet ) -1

207
 (Afterburner)

40
.
(Turbofan ) -2

.
Turbojet ,Turbofan
. 800

(Turboprop) -3

640
Turbofan Turboprop Turbofan
Propeller

15

208
 (Turbo Shaft) -4

.
(Rocket Engine) (Ramjet) -5

.
485
3600 3

-6

209
 Aircraft Fire

40

90

210
Fire Detection Systems

Fire Extinguishing Systems

211
 2

2 B.C.F

CO2 B.C.F

212
 Factors Affecting ARFF (Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting)

Fire Trucks
Natural Of Land
Types Of Aircraft
Wind & Its Direction
Firemen
Fire Extinguishments

213
Fire Truck

214
Land

Airplanes (Aircraft)

Passenger Airplane

215
 Military Aircraft

Wind

216
Firemen

Fire Group

Rescue Team

Fire Extinguishments

217
 CO2 –BCF

B.C.F

CO2

218
Fire Fighting Aircraft Engine

BCF

219
220
Procedures To Put Out Fire In Aircraft's Tyre (Aircraft Wheel Fire)

(HOT BRAKES

221
25

80

222
The Aircraft Rescue Fire Fighter (ARFF) Personnel Should Be Advised
Of The Following Information :

Type of Aircraft -1
Number Of Passengers And Crew -2
Soul On Board
Cargo -3
Runway Landing Number -4
-5
Nature Of Emergency
Type And Amount Of Fuel -6
Fuel On Board

Procedures After Landing

Off

223
 Secure Weapons On Aircraft

Off Safe

Secure Ejection Seat

224
 Secure Batteries

Nickel-Cadmium( )Lithium-Ion) Gel Lead Acid

225
 Stopping Fuel

Throttle Control
OFF

CUT

226
 1C

1A

1B

1b

1a

)Fire Extinguisher Buttons or Switch)

227
228
Secure Landing Gear

How To Open Canopy

.T. Handle
6 D- Handle

229
Rescue Pilot From Cabin

230
Types Of Canopies (Cockpit Canopies)

Rear Hinge Canopy

Slide Hinge Canopy

Sliding Canopy

Clamshell Type Canopy

231
Aircraft & Rescue Firefighting (ARFF)
)1

)2

)3

)4

232
 )5

)6

)7

)8

233
 )9

)10

)11

234
Emergency Rescue Access

Normal Doors

Emergency Access

Deck Pilot Escape Window

Slide Inflation

Cargo Door
Cargo Bay Door
Baggage Door

235
Emergency Rescue & Cut Area

Break In Point Cut Here

)1

)2

)3

)4

236
Fuel Tanks

Rigid Tanks
Integral Tanks
Flexible Tank
(Auxiliary Tank)
Rigid Tanks

Integral Tanks

237
 Flexible Tanks

Auxiliary Tanks

Drop Tank

238
Aircraft Fuel Tank Firefighting procedures

239
Use A Radio

“push-to-talk”

5 3

1
(Call Signs)

55
54

240
 International Phonetic Alphabet (Call Sign)

APPENDIX 5 – STANDARD AVIATION PRONUNCIATION AND RESPONSES

ICAO INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET

241
Thermal Imaging Camera (TIC)

242
Safety Procedures At Flight Line

50

500
100

243
30 Co2

20

Off
30

244
Safety Procedures
-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

)Foreign Object Debris/Damage( FOD

Hard Objects 

Soft Objects 
Other Objects 
FOD -6



245
 Aviation Fuels
Piston Engines
(Aviation Gasoline) (AVGAS

Turbine Engines

(Aviation Turbine Fuels

( DEF
(GOST) (Joint Checklist) ASTM STAN )
JET JP

)1
)2
)3
47 )4
60

246
 Civilian Jet Fuel
JET-A1
(ASTM (DEF STAN 91/91)
IATA D1655)
JETA1 47
47
JET-A
40
JET – B
(ASTM D6615)
58 (CGSB-3.22)
(GOST 10227) TS – 1

Military Jet Fuel Types

:
JP-1
40 JP-3
JP-4
60 AVTAG F-40
JP-5
60
F-44
70

247
 JP-6

JP-6 JP-7
JP -8
F-34
JP- 8+100
(100+) JP-8

Piston Engine Fuel Types

(Lean-Mixture)

(DEF STAN 91-90)

AVGAS AVGAS 91 AVGAS 80 (ASTM D 910)
AVGAS 100 100LL

(100LL)

(D6227) (82UL)

248
Aerodrome Signals

12

249
 A
T

250
 L

H
H

251
 C
Location Description and meaning
H

252
Location Description and meaning

253
Location Description and meaning

254
Lighting Signal From Tower To Aircraft & Vehicle

255
 D

256
Marshalling Signals

257
Marshalling E

258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
 F
Signals Made By Pilot

266
Hand Signals For Guiding Fire Vehicle (1)

267
Hand Signals For Guiding Fire Vehicle (2)

268
Hand Signals

269
Helicopter Marshalling Signals

270
Helicopter Marshalling Signals (2)

271
Helicopter Marshalling Signals (3)

272
Airport Marking and Lighting

(T–VASI/ PAPI)

ATC VHF

ARFF

273
 Airfield Beacon

Flashing

Flashing

36
18 360
180

274
 Wind direction indicator (Windsock)

Runway Light

Taxi Ways Light

.
Landing Assisting Light

VISUAL APPROCH SLOPE INDICATOR (VASI)

275
 ,

Visual Aids for Navigation / Indicators and Signalling Devices

Visual-Approach Slope Indicator (VASI)
Precision Approach Path Indicator(PAPI)
Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)

PAPI - Precision Approach Path Indicator

4
.

276
Instrument Landing System (ILS

UHF VHF
VOR – ADF – DME

277
 ILS
)1
VHF Centerline Localizer Transmitter

UHF Glide Slope Transmitter - )2

Marker Beacons )3

278
 Obstacle Lighting

45

150 45

Flashing

150

279
 Approach Lights

(T)

900

MALSF- MALSR- ALSF & Calvert System

Threshold Lights

Touch Down Zone Lights (TDZL)

280
 Edge Runway Ligths

Runway Centerline Lights

End Runway Lights

Taxi Lights & Edge Lights

Apron Lights

281
Airfield Signs

282
 Mandatory Hold Position For Runway

Runway Boundary Sign

283
Mandatory Hold Position Sign For Taxiway

Mandatory Holding Position For Runway Approach Area

ILS

No-Entry Sign

284
 Taxiway Location Sign-

A-Alpha
C-Charlie

B-Bravo
D-Delta

Outbound Destination-

Inbound Destination

285
Taxiway Ending Marker

Distance Remaining

1000

4000

286
 Direction Sign For Runway Exit

Run Way Location Sign

287
Closed Runway Sign And Taxiway Marking

Boundary Sign

Vacated Sign

Destination Sign

288
Airfield Markings Surface

289
Runway Centerline Marking

Taxiway Centerline Marking

Taxiway Edge Line Marking

290
 Runway Holding Position

Enhanced Taxiway Centerline Marking

Runway Holding Position Marking

Surface Painted Holding Position Marking

291
 Closed Area
X

Taxi Track

Taxi-way

Stopways/Overrun Area

(Chevron)

292
293
 Aerodrome Category / Airport Category

1 9 7

9 9

ICAO & NFPA

294
Hazard Symbols (Pictogram)

GHS - Globally Harmonized System

295
 Toxic / poisonous Symbol

Toxic

Acute Toxicity

Corrosive Hazard Symbol

Carcinogen Hazard Symbol

R-23/R24/R25
Respiratory Hazard
Harmful / Irritant Hazard Symbol
Irritant Harmful

296
Flammable Symbol

Dangerous When wet

Non-Flammable Gas & Compressed Gas

Spontaneously Combustible

297
 Oxidizer
Organic Peroxide

Explosive Hazard Symbol

Blasting

Radioactive Hazard Symbol

298
 Environment Hazard Symbol

Warning ,Safety,& Emergency Symbol

299
 MSDS
Material Safety Data Sheet
Diamond Symbol

NFPA

300
Flammability Limit

(Flammability Range)
Lower Flammable Limit(LFL)
Upper Flammable Limit (UFL)
Explosive Limits

Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)

Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)

301
Persons Fires

302
 Stop

Cover

Roll

303
 Vehicles Fires

Causes Of Car's Fires

304
305
Put Out cars' fire

306
307
Wild Fire (Forest Fire)

308
Types Of Forest Fires
Ground Fire
Surface Fire
Grown Fire

309
 Ground Fire

Surface Fire

Grown Fire

310
311
Forms Of Wild Fire

312
 -

.
( ) -

( )

313
314
Effecting Factors For Spread Wild Fire

315
Building Fire

316
317
318
 Salvage Equipment

Water Proof Sheets

Protection Of Properties & Prevent Water Damage

319
 A

B
C
D

320
Firefighting Building Methods

Direct way -1

321
 Indirect Way -2

-3
Combination Way

Types Of Ventilation On Buildings Fire

Vertical Ventilation

Lateral(Horizontal) Ventilation

Local Ventilation

322
 Mechanical Ventilation

Natural
Ventilation

Forced Ventilation

Windows Ventilation

Positive-Pressure Ventilation

Negative-Pressure Ventilation

Hydraulic Ventilation

Fog Stream Ventilation

323
Factors Determining

)1

)2
)3

Advantage Of Ventilation

324
Building Classifications
Group A Residential
Group B Educational
Group C Institutional
Group D Assembly

Group E Business
Group F Mercantile
Group G Industrial

Group H Storage
Group J Hazardous Premise

Fire Prevention

325
 -
.
-
-

326
327
 .

328
 : 

35 21

15

60 

60

329
American petroleum Institute API (API Standard)
:
Atmospheric Tank
Fixed Roof Tank - Floating Roof Tank
Pressurized Tanks
Spherical Tank Cylindrical Tank (Vertical Or Horizontal)
Tanks Roof Shape

Cone Roof Tanks

Dame Roof Tanks

330
 .

331
,

:
.
.
.
Boilover

332
.

Slopover

333
 ,

. )1
. )2
. )3

.
.

.
.
.

334
 .

335
336
 Classification Of Gases
)Classification By Chemical Properties

)Flammable Gases
)Non-Flammable Gases

F2,C12 Reactive Gases

Argon, Helium, Neon )Inert Gases
)Toxic Gases

)Classification By Physical Properties(

O2, N2 )Compressed Gases

LPG Liquefied Gases

Hydrogen , O2, Co2 Cryogenic Gases

)Classification By Usage(

- )Fuel Gases

, H2, O2, N2, C2H2, NH3 )Industrial Gases

O2, N2O -Anesthesia - )Medical Gases

337
Liquefied Petroleum Gas(LPG) & Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
(LNG)
Liquefied Natural Gas

13 75
2 10

Ethyl Mercaptan

160

338
 )Non Associated Gas

Methane Liquefied Natural Gas (Cl)

(C1)
)Associated Gas

Dry Gas

.
Wet Gas

)Natural Gasoline(

Sweet Gas

.
. Sour Gas

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)

339
 LPG
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Liquefied Petroleum Gas(

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LP Gas)

LPG

Liquefied Petroleum Gas

30 (C4) 70 (C3) LPG

LPG, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (C3 & C4)

(Mercaptan/sulfide odorant)

340
 LNG LPG

Unconfined Vapor Cloud Explosion

341
 BLEVE Phenomenon

(Boiling-Liquid Expanding-Vapor Explosion) BLEVE

BLEVE

342
SCBA PPE

343
LPG Cylinder Fire

344
 -1

On -2

-3
-4

-5

345
 -6

-7

-8

-9

.
- 10

- 11

- 12

- 13
- 14

346
Electric Fire & Shock Risk

Overloading

Electric Arc

Lighting Lamp

Electrical Shock

347
 -1

-2
Off

-3
Co2

Fm200 1301 1211

-4

-5

-6

348
 Arson Fire

Common Motivations For Arson

Fire Investigation

349
 Investigation Procedures
Fire Scene Isolation
Secure & Protect Scene

Firefighters At The Scene & Cooperation

350
Fire Scene Examination

351
 Determine The Origin Of The Fire

Method Of Arson

352
Materials Used For Arson

353
Means Of Arson

354
Indicators Of Incendiary Fires

355
Oxidizing Substances

Nitric Acid

356
 Peroxide

Ammonium Nitrate

Picric Acid RDX1 TNT (

C5 C4 C2

Pipe Bomb Pentolite RDX

Nitrobenzene

Nitronaphthalen

Nitrocellulose

(Dynamites
DNT Dinitrotolene (Double Based Compound Powder
Nitroglycerin Nitrostarch

357
 Chromatographic Devices

Gas Chromatographic )GC)

GC Hydrocarbon Fingerprint
Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME)

ILR: Ignitable Liquid Residues

Fire Debris Analysis Techniques

Distillation

Solvent Extraction

Headspace
Adsorption

Investigation Report & Results

Packaging The Debris
Collect Scene Evidence
Fire Clues

Char Patterns
. Depth Of Char
V-Patterns V

358
 Hourglass Patterns

Trailer Pattern

Lines of Demarcation

Heat Shadows
Glass Fragments

Laboratory Test & Results

Witnesses Interviews

359
Methods Of Carrying Victims (Transportation of the Injured)

360
Types Of Emergency Moves (Lifting Techniques)
(Clothes Drag) -1

(Blanket Drag) -2

Arms Drag -3

Hand Carry Baby Carry -4

-5

Crawling Drag

Fireman Carry -6

361
 Walking Assist -7

Two Person Seat Carry -8

Pack Strap Carry -9

- 10
Ankle Drag Or Foot Drag

- 11
4 Persons Straddle

Lift & Drag - 12

362
Triage Color Classification

363
First Aid

364
 32 { }

-1
-2
-3

Basics Of First Aid

365
366
 Vital Signs

20 16 Respiration )1
40 30 16 14

70 60 80 72 Pulse )2

37 36 Temperature )3
Blood Pressure )4
80 120

Bleeding (Hemorrhage) ‫النزيف‬

367
 Arterial Bleeding

Venous Bleeding

Capillary Bleeding

368
EPISTAXIS
-1
-2
-3

5 3 -4

369
 ‫النزيف‬ ‫النزيف‬
‫النزيف‬ ‫النزيف‬

‫‪Wounds‬‬

‫‪)1‬‬

‫‪)2‬‬

‫‪)3‬‬
‫‪)4‬‬
‫‪)5‬‬
‫‪)6‬‬
‫‪)7‬‬
‫‪)8‬‬
‫‪)9‬‬
‫‪)10‬‬

‫‪370‬‬
Fractures

)Splints(

371
 6 5

372
 Burn

373
 First Aid For Burn

First Aid For Chemical Burn

20

374
1

First Aid For Neck & Spinal Injuries

cervical or spinal cord

30

375
 Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

15

376
How to Do CPR

10

377
 3 Radial

Temporal

Carotid

Brachial

30 30

100 60

100 70

100 60 20 15

100 80 25 20

120 100 30 25

15

378
 100 80 5 4

15 4

Automated External Defibrillator (AED)

379
Heart Attack

Stroke

380
 Anaphylaxis

(Epinephrine-Adrenalin

Fainting

10

381
 Airway Obstruction

Asphyxia

Choking

Heimlich Maneuver

Abdominal Thrusts

382
First Aid For Airway Obstruction

383
Recovery Position

Shock

384
Shock Signs & Symptoms
)1
)2
)3
)4
)5

First Aid For Shock

.
.

385
 .
.

386
Ropes & Knots

‫والتنزيل‬

Knot

Hitch

387
 Types Of Knots
Overhand Knot or Thumb Knot -1

Figure-8 Knot 8 -2

Figure-8 Knot Bend 8 -3

Square Knot -4

Bowline Knot -5

388
 Fisherman's Knot -6

Butterfly Knot -7

Handcuff Knot

Chair Knot -8

Scaffold Knot -9

Chain Knot - 10

389
 Types Of Hitches

Hook Hitch

Clove Hitch

Rolling Hitch

Round Turn & Two Half Hitch

Spar Hitch

390
 Safety Belt –Harness

Ladder Belt
Seat Harness

Chest Harness

Applications Of Ropes –
Rescue Ropes Escape Ropes

Utility Ropes

Hoisting An Axe
Hoisting A Ladder

Safety Ropes

391
Fire Tools & Equipments

Fire Hose

Water Nozzle

Foam Nozzle

Fire Fighting Suit

Gas Detective

Cut Saw

Hydraulic Cutting Tools

Hand Cutting Axe

Helmet

Ropes

392
 Fire Glove

Electric Generator

Lifting Air

Entry suit

Coverall = Overall

Fire alarm
Earmuffs
Air Protection

Gloves for normal duty

Normal fire shoes

Reflective Jacket

VHF

Fire Ladder

393
 Flame Detector

Powder Filling Device

Portable Fire
Extinguishers

Dust Mask

Respirator

Breathing apparatus
SCBA

Fire blanket

Call Point

Fire Bell

Foam Generator

Safety Net

394
 Heat Detector

Cutting Tool

Rescue Chain

Cutting Axe

Thermal Imaging
(TIC)

Radio Set

Loudspeaker

Cutting saw
Rescue Saw

Chain Saw

Shovel/ Spade

Hydrostatic Unit

Smoke Fan

Crowbar
Extrication Bar

395
 Hammer

Fuel Powered Saw

Seat Belt Cutter

Pike pole

Wand

Roof Hook

Portable Search light

Ear plugs

Face shield

Fire Boot

Goggles

Piercing Nozzle

Hydraulic rescue tools

396
 Bolt Cutter

Air chisel

Rubber Gloves

Portable Ground monitor

Light Gun

UHF

‫بدالت اإلطفاء‬
Bunker Gear Or Turnout
Gear

Proximity Gear

Chainsaw

Stretcher

Piercing Nozzle on
Extendable Turret

Fire Hydrant

Searching Light
Lantern
397
 2 4 Reducer Adaptor

Portable Escape Ladder

Male Adaptor

Male Adaptor(Thread)

Female Adaptor(Lever)

Male Adaptor(Double)

2 1
Wye

Siamese

Tri Gate Wye

Brother Coupling Double Male Adaptor

Sister Coupling Double Female Adaptor

4 2 Increaser Coupling

Cap & Plug

Hose Reel
398
 Spanner Wrench

Hose clamp

Hose Bridge(Ramp)

Jacket Hose

Chafing Blocks

Fire Hose Roller

Hose Strap

Vehicle Mounted Winch

Hunt Gun

Battery Powered Cutter

Scuba

Telescope

Drip Torch

Hydrant Wrenches

Defibrillator
399
Fire Terminology

Fire Triangle 1
Tetrahedron 2

Spontaneous Combustion 3
Flames 4

Portable Fire Extinguishers 5

Fuel 6

Heating 7
Oxygen 8
Water 9
Foam 10
Carbon Dioxide ( Co2 ) 11
Halons 12
Halogen 13
Dry Chemical Powder 14
Wet Chemical Powder 15

Personal Hazard 16
Damaged Hazard 17

Exposure Hazard 18
Fire Hazards 19

Inflammable Materials 20
Type Of Oxidation 21
Slow Oxidation 22
Intermediate Oxidation 23
Rapid Oxidation 24
Theory Of Combustion 25
Chemical Chain Reaction 26
Energy Sources 27

400
 Mechanical Energy 28

Lighting Energy 29
Electrical Power Energy 30

Chemical Energy 31
Atomic &Nuclear Energy 32
Methods Of Heat Transfer 33
Conduction 34
Convection Currents 35
Radiation 36
Classification Of Fires 37

Class A Fire (Ordinary Combustible) 38

Class B Fire (Flammable Combustible Liquids) 39

Class E fire (Flammable Gases) 40

Class C Fire (Electrically Equipment) 41

Class D Fire (Combustible Metals) 42

Class K (F) Fat ,Cooking 43
Smoke Detector 44
Flame Detector 45
Heat Detector 46
Theory Of Extinguishing(Fire Theory) 47
Chief 48
Fire Truck Driver 49
Fire Man 50

Fire Truck 51
Fire Brigade 52

Fire Alarm 53
Evacuation 54

Rescue /Extrication 55
Free Radicals 56

401
 Alarm Bell 57

Hose Reel 58
Safety Net 59

Escape Ladder 60
Fire Hose 61
Fire Suit 62
Fire Helmet 63
Gloves 64
Ladders 65
Ropes 66

Ambulance 67
Fire Rescue Vehicle 68

Arson Fire 69
Jockey Pump 70

Water Hammer 71
Flashover 72
Backdraft 73
Fire Fighting 74
Fire Behavior 75
Ignition / Fire 76
Types Of Flame 77
Boiling Point 78
Flash point 79

Pyrolysis 80
Flammable Fuel 81

Solid Fuel 82
Gas Fuel 83

Liquid Fuel 84
Polar Solvent 85

402
 Soot 86

Vapor 87
burning velocity 88

Elements of fire 89
Phases of fire 90
Ignition Phase/Incipient Phase 91
Growth Phase 92
Developed Phase 93
Decay Phase 94
Causes Of Fire 95

Water stream patterns 96

Straight Stream 97

Water spray (broken power cone stream) 98

Fog Stream 99

Water Hammer 100

Fire extinguishments/Fire Agents 101
Chemical Foam 102
Mechanical Foam 103
High Foam Expansion 104
Exothermic Reactions 105
Endothermic Reaction 106
Oxidation Process 107
Reduction Process 108

Fire Training Simulators 109

Starvation(Removal Of Fuel) 110

Exclusion Of Oxygen(Smothering) 111

Cooling (Reduction Of Temperature) 112

Fire Extinguishment Methods 113

Stop Chemical Chain Reaction 114

403
 Turbine Engine 115

Piston Engine 116

Fire Station Stand By 117

Airplane Accidents 118

Roof Monitor (Deck Gun) 119
Forward Looking Infrared 120
Follow Me Car 121
Rapid-Intervention-Vehicle 122
Rescue Fire Vehicle 123
Fire-Fighting-Aerial-Platform 124

Powder Fire Truck 125

Roof Hooks Ladder 126

Addressable Fire Alarm System 127

Fire Fighting System 128

Cargo Door 129

Bumper Monitor 130
Slide Inflation 131
Deck pilot Escape Window 132
Passenger Escape Route 133
Fire Access 134
Armed Aircraft 135
Battery Location 136
Wind Direction 137

Cut Here (Break Point) 138

Manual Alarm Call Point 139

Hazard Zone 140

Approach Zone 141

Dry Pipe System 142

Wet Pipe System 143

404
 Deluge System 144

Canopy 145
Ejection seat 146

On 147
Off or Safe 148
Water Fire Extinguisher 149
Dry Fire Extinguisher 150
Wet Powder Fire Extinguisher 151
Co2 Fire Extinguisher 152
Holon Fire Extinguisher 153

Foam Fire Extinguisher 154

Co2 Cartridge 155

Choosing a Fire Extinguisher 156

Breathing Apparatus (Respirators) 157

Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health 158

Escape Only Respirator 159
Cartridge Color Code 160
Cargo 161
Emergency Landing 162
Throttle 163
Engine Shutdown 164
Aviation Fuels 165
Marshalling Signals 166

Emergency Stop 167

Safety Pin 168

Fuel Tanks 169

Ordnance 170

Flammability Limit 171

Explosive Limits 172

405
 Apron/Ramp 173

Hand Signals 174

Airport Tower 175

Aerodrome Signals 176

Windsock 177
Harmful 178
Irritant 179
Radioactive 180
Oxidizer 181
Toxic / Poisonous Symbol 182

Chevron 183
Boundary 184

Wand 185
Taxi Lights 186

Runway Centerline Lights 187

Threshold Lights 188
Obstacle Lighting 189
Mandatory Holding Position 190
Terminal Building 191
First Aid 192
Storage Tanks Fire 193
Inert Gases 194
Flammable Gases 195

Electrical Shock 196

Building Fires 197

Ventilation 198
Charged Line 199

Uncharged Line 200

Foam Proportion 201

406
Foam Application Methods 202

Roll-On-Method 203
Bank-Down-Method 204

Rain-Down-Method 205
Around The Pump Systems 206
Self-Educting Nozzles 207
Fire Buckets 208
Fire Blanket 209
Landing Gear Malfunction 210
Foaming Of Runways 211

Airport Category 112

Foam Tanker 213

Vaporized Liquids 214

Streaming System 215

Response 216
System reset 217
Manifold 218
Sodium Bicarbonate 219
Potassium Bicarbonate 220
Flow 221
Flushing 222
Injection 223
Rubber Hose 224
Siren 225
Deluge System 226
Dry Pipe System 227
Thermal Layer 228
Electric Arc 229
Electric Shock 230
Size Up 231

407
 Visual Devices 232
Suppression 233
Smother 234
Inhibition 235
Extinguish 236
Quench 237
Cellulose 238
Water Mist 239
Head Fire 240
Back Fire 241
Flank Fire 242
Open Fire 243
Fast Fire 244
Deep Fire 245
Fire Damper 246
Wild Fire /Forest Fire 247
Ground Fire 248
Surface Fire 249
Grown Fire 250
Combustible Liquids 251
Flammable Liquids 252
Slopover 253
Boilover 254
Miscible 255
Audible Alarm 256
Diameter 257
Forward Lay 258
Reveres Lay 259
Rolling Hose 260
Deploy Hose (Unrolling Hose) 261
Combination Fire Attack 262

408
 Direct way 263
Indirect Way 264
Cockloft 265
Classification Of Gases 266
Non-Flammable Gases 267
Flammable Gases 268
Toxic Gases 269
Medical Gases 270
Industrial Gases 271
Fuel Gases 272
Compressed Gases 273
Reactive Gases 274
Cryogenic Gases 275
Liquefied Gases 276
Building Classifications 277
Salvage Equipment 278
Gravity 279
Hydraulic Ventilation 280
Horizontal Ventilation 281
Vertical Ventilation 282
Mechanical Ventilation 283
Organic Peroxides 284
Detonation Waves 285
Deflagration Wave 286
Electrostatic 287
Centrifugal Fire Pump 288
Jockey Pump 289
Radial Flow Pump 290
Axial Flow Pump 291
Mixed Flow Pump 292
Diesel Engine Driven Pump 293

409
 Volute Pump 294
Diffuser Pump 295
Turbine Pump 296
Propeller Pump 297
Types of Fire Pump 298
Booster Pump 299
Suction Pump 300
Electrically Driven Pump 301
Two stage centrifugal fire pump 302
One Stage Centrifugal Fire Pump 303
Horizontal Split Case Pump 304
End Suction Pump 305
Automatic Fire Sprinkler System 306
Type Of Sprinkler Head 307
Automatically Fire Fighting System 308
Decorative Sprinkler 309
Pendant Type Sprinkler 310
Up Right Sprinkler 311
Side Wall Sprinkler 312
Intermediate Level Sprinkler 313
Corrosion Resistant Sprinkler 314
Sprinklers Codes Colors 315
Fire prevention 316
External Fire 317
Internal Fire 318
Fire Protection 319
Standby Positions 320
Staging Location 321
Rescue Operations 322
Atmospheric Pressure 323
Aircraft Wheel Fire 324

410
 Fuselage Structures 325
Emergency Access 326
Method Of Arson 327
Means Of Arson 328
Evidences Of Arson Fire 329
Fire Investigations 330
Fire Scene Examination 331
Determine The Origin Of Fire 332
Triage Color Classification 333
Methods Of Carrying Victims 334
Lifting Techniques 335
Two-Person Seat Carry 336
Ankle Drag 337
Blanket Drag 338
Pack-Strap Carry 339
Walking Assist 340
Clothes Drag 341
Arterial Bleeding 342
Venous Bleeding 343
Automated External Defibrillator 344
Anaphylaxis 345
Epinephrine 346
Fainting 347
Airway Obstruction 348
Heimlich Maneuver 349
Recovery Position 350
Coma 351
Epistaxis 352
Burn 353
Dislocation & Fractures 354
Bleeding (Hemorrhage) 355

411
 Neck & Spinal Injuries 356
Asphyxia 357
Shock 358
Stroke 359
Types Of Artificial Respiration 360
Heart attack 361
Carotid 362
Brachial 363
Vital Signs 364
Wounds 365
Allergic Reaction 366
Choking 367
Signs & Symptoms 368
Drip Torch 369
Drafting 370
Bowline Knot 371
Fisherman's Knot 372
Butterfly Knot 373
Chair Knot 374
Scaffold Knot 375
Square Knot 376
Overhand Knot or Thumb Knot 377
Hook Hitch 378
Clove Hitch 379
Safety Belt –Harnesses 380
Safety Ropes (Escape Ropes) 381
Life Safety Ropes 382
Hoisting A Fire Tools 383
Nitrous Oxide (N2O) 384
Solitary Compounds 385
Baffles 386

412
Fire Abbreviation (Acronyms)

Aqueous Film Forming Foam AFFF 1

International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO 2
Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting ARFF 3
National Aeronautics and Space
NASA 4
Administration
Federal Aviation Administration FAA 5
United States Air Force USAF 6
National Transportation Safety Board NTSB 7
Air Traffic Control ATC 8
Advisory Circular AC 9
Air Transport Association ATA 10
Dry Chemical Powder DCP 11
Film Forming Fluroprotein FFFP 12
International Fire Service Training
IFSTA 13
Association
Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA 14
National Fire Protection Association NFPA 15
Liquefied Natural Gas LNG 16
Standard Operating Procedures SOP 17
Fuel On
Total Quantity Of Fuel On Board Aircraft 18
Board
Total Number People On Aircraft Souls On
19
(Passengers And Crew) Board
Civil Aviation Administration CAA 20
International Air Transportation
IATA 21
Association
Hazardous Materials HAZMAT 22
Airport Traffic Control Tower ATCT 23
Cockpit Voice Recorder CVR 24
Personal Protective Equipment PPE 25

413
 Gallons Per Minute GPM 26
Parts Per Million PPM 27
Melting Point MP 28
Approach Lighting System ALS 29
High Reach Extendable Turret HRET 30
Forward Looking Infrared FLIR 31
Flight Data Recorders FDRs 32
Instrument Landing System ILS 33
Visual Approach Slope Indicator VASI 34
Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard BASH 35
Estimated Time Of Arrival ETA 36
Estimated Time Of Departure ETD 37
Code of Federal Regulations CFR 38
Power Take Off P.T.O 39
Film Forming FluroProtein FFFP 40
Ground Power Unit GPU 41
Auxiliary Power Unit APU 42
National Transportation Safety Board NTSB 43
Runway RWY 44
Taxiway TWY 45
Center of Gravity CG 46
Occupational Safety & Health Administration OSHA 47
PASS
Personal Alarm Safety System 48
Device
Immediately Dangerous To Life Or Health IDLH 49
Pounds Per Square Inch PSI 50
Compressed Air Foam System CAFS 51
Very High Frequency VHF 52
Ultra High Frequency UHF 53
Liquefied Petroleum Gas LPG 54

414
 Hydro Fluoro Carbons HFC 55
British Standards BS 56
American National Standards Institute ANSI 57
Rotate Per Minute RPM 58
American petroleum Institute API 59
Thermal Imaging Camera TIC 60
Department of Transportation DOT 61
International Safety Equipment
ISEA 62
Association
Flight Service Station FSS 63
National Fire Equipment System NFES 64
Touch Down Zone Lights TDZL 65
Air Force Base AFB 66
Freezing Point FP 67
Boiling Point BP 68
North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO 69
Food & Agricultural Organization FAO 70
Fire Extinguisher FE 71
Foreign Object (Debris) Damage FOD 72
Weight WT 73
Yard YD 74
Very Important Person VIP 75
Ultraviolet UV 76
Alcohol Resistant Foam ARF 77
Aviation Gasoline AVGAS 78
Lower Explosive Limit LEL 79
Upper Explosive Limit UEL 80
Fire Alarm Control Panel FACP 81
Material Safety Data Sheets MSDS 82
Supplied-Air Respirator SAR 83

415
Self-Contained Underwater Breathing A apparatus Scuba 84
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus SCBA 85
Powered Air Purifying Respirators PAPR 86
Bromo-Chloro-Difluoro-Methane BCF 87
Bromo Tri Flouro Methane MTM 88
Carbon Dioxide CO2 89
Lower Flammable Limit LFL 90
Upper Flammable Limit UFL 100
Globally Harmonized System GHS 101
Low Expansion LX 102
Medium Expansion MX 103
High Expansion HX 104
Argon AR 105
Chlorofluorocarbon CFC 106
Fluoroketones FKs 107
Inert Gas IG 108
Horse Power HP 109
Ozone Depletion Potential ODP 110
Ozone Depleting Substances ODS 111
kilometer Km 112
Disc Check Valve DCV 113
Swing Check Valve SCV 114
Check Valve CV 115
Pressure Relief Valve PRV 116
Dry Pipe Valve DPV 117
Alarm Valve ALV 118
Large Diameter Hose LDH 119
Discrete Emergency Frequency DEF 120
Miles per Hour MpH 121

416
 Fahrenheit °F 122
European Union Eu 123
Centigrade °C 124
Liter L 125
1000 Kilogram Kg 126
Gram G 127
Centimeter CM 128
Milligram Mg 129
Watt W 130
Pound IP 131
Ounce Oz 132
Kilowatt Kw 133
Feet Ft 134
Hertz Hz 135
Meter M 136
Lethal Dose LD50 137
Oxygen O2 138
Volt V 139
Sodium Na 140
Water H2o 141
Nitrogen N2 142
Trinitrotoluene TNT 143
Global Position System GPS 144
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation CPR 145
Automated External Defibrillator AED 146
Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion BLEVE 147
Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil ANFO 148
Unconfined Vapor Cloud Explosions UVCE 149
Purple-K Powder PKP 150

417
Arabic Reference

1
2
3

NFPA

418
 English Reference

G.B. Menon Fire Adviser, Govt. Of India Handbook On Building Fire Codes
Firefighting & Rescue Procedures In Theaters Of
United States Army
Operations
Oklahoma State University Essentials Of Fire Fighting, 6th Edition
Civil Defense London Basic Fire Fighting Volume II
Fire Academy -New York City Probationary Firefighters Manual Volume I
Chief Fire & Rescue Adviser UK Fire & Rescue Services
NFPA 1003 Fire Suppression, Ventilation, And Overhaul
NFPA 403 Aircraft Rescue & Fire-Fighting Services at Airports
South Carolina-Fire Academy Firefighter Series Student Workbook 9
Fire Services Department Basic Fire Fighter Training Program
Italian Civil Protection Department Forest Fire Fighting Terms Handbook
India-State Fire Marshal Fire Fighter Skills Task Book
Timo V Heikkila Wild Land Fire Management Handbook
Fire Service Features of Buildings And Fire
OSHA
Protection Systems
Florida Department Of Transportation Emergency Response – Basic Aircraft Guide
California Department Of Fire Protection Fire Investigation 1A Instructor Guide
HM Fire Service Inspectorate Fire And Rescue Service Manual Volume 2
Verdugo Fire Academy Ropes, Knots And Hitches
IFSTA Firefighter Personal Protective Equipment
Airport Services Manual Part 1 Rescue and
ICAO
Firefighting Fourth Edition, 2015
The Ship Officer’s Handbook Knots, Hitches And Bends
CHAPTER 15 IHSA.Ca Respiratory Protection
NFPA 921 Guide For Fire And Explosion Investigations
Aerodrome Inspectors Workshop Aircraft Rescue And Firefighting
The Florida Department Of Transportation The Aviation Emergency Response Aircraft Guidebook

Indiana Firefighter Training System Fire Fighter Skills Task Book

Civil Aviation Authority ,UK Visual Aids Handbook

419
www.icao.int
www.nfpa.org NFPA
www.ifsta.org IFSTA
www.faa.gov
www.osha.gov OSHA

420
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