Overview On 5G and 6G Wireless Communication With Iot Technology
Overview On 5G and 6G Wireless Communication With Iot Technology
Overview On 5G and 6G Wireless Communication With Iot Technology
Abstract
The meaning of wireless communication is the way of transferring information
between two points or more than that, which are not connected by a physical
conductor. Most of wireless technologies are using radio waves and distances for
radio waves can be very short (a few meters) like Bluetooth or so far away (millions
of kilometres) for deep-space communications. Wireless communication went
through multiple generations. Recently, 5G network is the latest generation of
wireless communication networks that enable a huge transfer amount of data
through its channels. 6G network is intended to provide faster wireless network than
5G soon so both can serve Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In this paper we
study the 5G and 6G, difference between them and the advantage of using.
Keywords: 5G, 6G, IoT, Wireless communication.
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1. Introduction
Internet of Things or simply IoT is a technology widely served over 5G network.
Low latency and reliability factors of 5G network are needed to operate IoT
applications effectively. For example, vehicles and sensors will be associated with
the Internet by utilizing 5G network, and around 35 billion IoT terminals will be
associated with the Internet by 2021 [1]. Moreover, it is likewise required to suit
different IoT applications with different data transfer capacity and transmission rate
including offbeat transmission of IoT terminals in 5G and past, subsequently
another waveform to empower adaptable uplink access is unequivocally required.
Adaptability is significant in IoT applications since requirements for transmission
rate, transmission recurrence and traffic can change as per IoT applications, and it
is additionally required to empower nonconcurrent transmission of IoT terminals.
5G means the 5th generation technology of mobile cellular network introduced
in 2016. 5G network is designed to connect everything and everyone togethers in
terms of machines, objects, and devices. 5G tends to carry more data than its
predecessors (1G, 2G, 3G and 4G) which mainly serve the rapid expansion and
developing of IoT. As defining the 5G in its wirelessly communication, faster and
greater bandwidth compared with the 4G. The most challenging in the 5G is the
frequency ranges compared to 4G gives optimal and more millimetre waves
recently <6GHz is used and tested [2]. Also, another challenge in the 5G is the
Adaptive Antennae Systems (AAS) which are large in size and directly
proportioned to the wavelength and multiplying antenna to create greater
bandwidth and beam for the frequency (Nxm) in order to build the whole
mechanism each antenna in the phase antennae array to construct and expose more
beam of frequency creating greater bandwidth and faster connection over the
network. This kind of 5G technology takes the full advantage of such challenge is
called Over the Air (OTA) [3].
While 6G is the sixth-generation standard successor communication wireless
network of 5G which be launched by 2030. It will build on the revamped
infrastructure of 5G network. 6G will use higher frequency bands than 5G, hence,
it will provide much faster speed and low latency compare it to 5G network.
Precisely, 6G technology supposed to provide up to 10Gbps speed while 5G can
provide up to 1 Gbps and little higher. Early discussion by research and
development (R&D), known in Europe as research and technological development
(RTD) constitutes the first stage of developing and visualizing the 6G future
network. In particular, many problems associated with deploying millimetre wave
radio spectrum that 6G supposed to offer in the future. Millimetre wave radios are
expected to be solved by researches and network designers to overcome the
challenges facing 6G network. In the next sections, 5G and 6G networks are
intended to be studied thoroughly then a comparison between them will be given.
2. 5G Network Architecture
A 5G network architecture consists of four main components: Radio Access
Network (RAN), Core Network, Network Slicing and Network Function
Virtualization (NFV).
The Radio Access Network (RAN)– consists of different types of facilities such
as antenna towers, small cells, masts and home network devices that connect mobile
users with the main core network. Small or macro cells which considers the main
innovation of 5G network provides a short range of connection which is measured
in (mmWave). 5G macro cells use MIMO (multiple input, multiple output)
antennas which enable its users to send and receive data simultaneously [4].
The Core Network – handles and responsible for mobile data transfer and
exchange through its distributed servers to obtain better time response latency.
Network Slicing – responsible for splitting the network for a particular
application, business or industry. For example, such a specific service originally
provided by the network can be sliced and operated independently from other users.
Hoang et al. [5] conducted one of the studies in this domain. They proposed a
model for orchestrating network slices based on the service requirements and
available resources. Markov decision process framework was used as a second
stage to create and determine the optimal policy. The optimal policy can then
manage cross-slice admission control and resource allocation for the 5G networks.
Network Function Virtualization (NFV) – provides a 5G ready core platform to
deploy and support new business applications. Precisely, NFV enables to create
network functions in real time at needed location within the operator’s platform.
One of possible 5G architecture is M-CORD [6]. The M-CORD architecture
designed to provide a platform that enables provisioning and scalability. It also
provides other services such as performance and behaviour monitoring. Mediating all
inter-service dependency is the most important function of CORD. Figure 1 depicts
an example of M-CORD architecture attached to the 5G network.
3. 5G Mobile Services
5G services can be categorized into some groups which depends on their
characteristics by end-user’s experience.
needs very fast Internet speed. Furthermore, the service technology should solve
the problems about many things such as insufficient quality of images and the
methods of information display. Future VR/AR must offer an instance of the site
to the user same as real. Future 5G services must handle 4K and/or 8K resolutions
to solve the issue about image quality.
4. 5G Technology
As we mentioned before, 5G network is a real wireless world so it needs to be
supported by technologies such as IPv6 and world-wide wireless web (WWWW).
4.1. IPv6
In the 5G system, IPv6 is needed to be used in mobility because of the subnet of
multiple layers and a lot of addresses. IPv6 addresses use 128 bits, which is four
times more than IPv4 addresses that only use 32 bits. The first 32 bit for home
address of a device, second 32 bit may use for protecting address, third 32 bit for
establishing a connection between wire line and wireless network and the last 32
bit of IPv6 address may be used for VPN.
Using IPv6 has some advantages such as more efficient packet processing, more
efficient routing, scalability and security.
stations are leveraged by MEC where cloud computing services are pushed to this
level [3].
6. 5G and governments
There is no doubt that government regulations shape the use and the adaptation of
5G network. Jeon et al. [12] investigated the impact of government’s 5G policy
announcements on telecommunication operators’ firm value in China. Results
show that government policy announcement in general impacts telecommunication
operators’ stock returns negatively. Moreover, the drop in firm value is more
pronounced when government announces policies with a higher level of
interference. Mensah et al. [13] suggested that governments and key stakeholders
are advised to deliver needed infrastructure that can drive the faster development
of 5G mobile network which will be a trigger to the enrichment and transformation
of mobile government services.
7.1. 6G standards
6G satellite system will be developed by 4 standards designs which are: GPS
system, Galileo system, COMPASS system and GLONAS system, the illustration
Fig.1 shows a simple description of the four standards (GPS system by USA,
Galileo system by UK, COMPASS system by China and GLONASS system by
Russia).
6G network. Moreover, the hardware design with the vast transmissions and sized
of the modems and antennas, these components will be solved by optoelectronic
incorporation (integrating the optical and electronic modules) is assuring method
for high-frequency communication systems. [18].
9. Conclusion
This paper overviewed 5G and 6G networks from different aspects such as
infrastructure, components, mobile services, implementation requirements,
advantages and disadvantages of each. The outcomes of this study clarify the 5G and
6G fundamental concepts behind each. Challenges facing 6G network to be upgraded
from 5G network is also studied. A comparison between each network is studied to
illustrates the main differences between the two networks and how that affect IoT
Internet applications.
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