Unit 4

Lesson 1
Familiarizing with Spreadsheet

Introduction to Microsoft Excel

Excel is a spreadsheet software used to input and analyze data. It contains grids where
you can place values. Although it is commonly used for computations, you can also place
images, graphs, and charts to represent various data in a document for easier
understanding and presentation.

Basic Excel Terms

Before starting with Excel, you should know some basic terms that are often used in the
program. Being familiar with these terms will help you throughout this lesson.

Workbook and Spreadsheet

Workbook is the document itself when you open your Excel. Spreadsheet on the other
hand is just one portion of your document. A workbook can contain many spreadsheets.
Think of it as a simple book. Workbook is the book itself and the spreadsheets are the
pages of that book containing lessons and activities.

Formulas and Functions

Formulas in Excel works as your normal arithmetic operation but you need to place an equal
sign (=) before performing any operation between two or more values. Functions on the
other hand are specialized operations with assigned names that use predefined formulas
and return a value.

Parts of an Excel Document

Cell
Cell, in spreadsheet context, is a rectangular box where you can input your values. Each cell
can contain texts, numbers, images, or formulas.

Row Number
Row Number shows the number in a row of the currently selected cell. These numbers are
arranged in numeric order.

Column Letter
Column Letter shows the letter in a column of the currently selected cell. These letters
are in alphabetical order from A-Z and will have a combination afterwards such as AA, AB,
AC, and so on.

Name Box
Name Box shows the cell currently selected if you are selecting only one cell. It also shows
the number of rows and columns if you are trying to select a big portion of your document
which contains several cells. The name of a cell is composed of a column letter and a row
number. Examples are A1, B2, J2, and MJ218 for a bigger data set.

Formula Bar
Formula Bar is the long rectangle beside the name box where you can input your formulas
for your data. You can also use this to input a value in a cell.

Ribbon
Ribbon is found on the top of the grid in Excel. You can find different buttons and tools to
edit and customize your data. There are different tools in each tab. For example, in the
Home tab you can find the tools to customize the font size, font color, and the alignment.

Quick Access Toolbar

Quick Access Toolbar allows you to access frequently used tools such as save, undo, and
redo. You can customize this to add more tools depending on your needs.

Spreadsheet Tab
Spreadsheet Tab, also known as sheets, is where you can select a different sheet to look
at its contents. The current sheet you are working on is highlighted to avoid confusion.
This also allows you to add more sheets.

Status Bar
Status Bar shows different information about the document. You can set the layout of how
you like your spreadsheet to appear on your screen. You can also zoom in and out the
document especially if you have a lot of data needed to be shown in just one screen.

Excel Tabs and Ribbon

The different tabs found on the top of the Excel application contain different tools to
customize your data and table. You can check each tab for different tools depending on
your needs. You can also customize ribbons to remove or add hidden tools. Ribbons and
tabs can also be found on other Microsoft Office applications such as Word and
Powerpoint.

File Tab
File Tab shows tools for opening an existing workbook, creating a new workbook, saving a
workbook, printing a workbook, and other functional tools that are not necessarily
connected to data manipulation or formatting.

Home Tab
Home Tab gives you tools to format your table and its data You can change the font size,
font color, alignment, and other basic formatting options. You can also copy, paste, insert,
and delete cells using the tools in this tab.

Insert Tab
Insert Tab gives you tools to insert objects such as images, shapes, tables, graphs, and
charts. There are predefined templates available for graphs and charts that can be found
on this tab.

Draw Tab
Draw Tab gives you tools so that you can draw flexibly on your table or charts when
discussing it. It contains different drawing tools such as pen tool, eraser tool, highlighter,
and lasso selection tool.
Page Layout Tab
Page Layout Tab gives you tools and commands to format the orientation of your
spreadsheet on the screen and the paper after printing. These tools allow you to edit the
print area, margins, colors, etc.

Formulas Tab
Formulas Tab gives you commands to edit, define, audit, and control formulas. You can
easily find functions and formulas here because they are grouped depending on the use.

Data Tab
Data Tab gives you commands to connect to external data or databases to import
pre-existing data tables. There are also commands that can help you sort data; this is
particularly useful for large data sets.

Review Tab
Review Tab gives you tools and commands for spell checking, sheet protection, workbook
protection, and changes tracking. It helps you to protect the data and check the accuracy
of the input in your spreadsheet through proofreading.

View Tab
View Tab gives you commands to control the view of your spreadsheet and how you would
interact with it.

Spreadsheet Options
The function of a spreadsheet is to store and analyze data in an organized manner so that
you can retrieve it easier for future use. It can be used for a small data set but
oftentimes it is used by companies with large amounts of data to be evaluated. It is also
used by your teachers in computing your grades which requires more complex functions
than simple arithmetic formulas. Excel is a great tool in these situations because there are
options and ways to make the spreadsheet more organized.

The following are some actions you can find useful when working in Excel:
● To add a spreadsheet, just click the plus sign at the bottom beside the last sheet.
● To rearrange spreadsheets, just hold the sheet tab and drag to the position you prefer
in the workbook.
● To rename a spreadsheet, just double-click the sheet tab and type the new title of your
sheet. The default name is Sheet1, Sheet2, Sheet3, and so on.
● To color a spreadsheet tab, just right-click the sheet tab and go to the Tab Color option
then select a color to apply on your sheet.
● To protect a spreadsheet, just right-click the sheet tab and go to the Protect Sheet
option and select all the options you want that apply to the sheet you are working on.
● To move or copy a spreadsheet, just right-click the sheet tab and go to the Move or
Copy option. You can then move the sheet to a different position in the workbook, move it
to a different workbook, or make a copy.
● To delete a spreadsheet, just right-click the sheet tab and click Delete.

Working with Cells in Excel

As we have discussed, cells contain the data you have input. There are instances where you
want to select several cells for data formatting or performing functions, which we will
discuss how you can do those things.

Select an Entire Row or Column

Try to move your mouse pointer along the letters for the columns and along the numbers
for the rows. A black arrow pointing downward or sideward will appear for the column and
row respectively. Click on your selected letter or number to select an entire column or row.

Select a Group of Cells

There are different ways to select a group of cells and you can use these following actions
depending on the data you need.
● If you want to select adjacent rows, just click the number of the first row you need,
selecting an entire row, and drag it until you reach the last row you need.
● If you want to select adjacent columns, just click the letter of the first column you
need, selecting an entire column, and drag it until you reach the last column you need.
● If you want to select a group in the middle of the table, just click the start cell of the
group and drag it until the portion that contains the values.
● If you want to select scattered cells, just press Ctrl on your keyboard and select the
cells you need. It will show a grey selection area for all the cells that you have selected so
far.

Insert or Delete a Row or Column

It is easy to add or remove rows or columns in Excel. First, select an entire row or column
using the instruction for selecting rows and columns. Then, right-click and go to Insert to
add or Delete to remove. The cells below the row or beside the column you selected will
move after performing either one.

Adjusting the Size of a Row or Column

Adjusting the cell size is important so that you can see clearly the input values in your
spreadsheet. There are two ways to do this:
● The first way is to hover over the lines in between either on the column letters or row
numbers. The cursor should turn into the resize cursor, which looks like a cross with a
double arrow. When the resize cursor appears, drag the line based on your preferred
width or height.

● The second way is to select the row or column you want to resize. Right-click after the
selection and go to either Column Width or Row Height. A pop-up will appear and you can
place the height or width that you like.

Basic Formatting
You can format your data inputs in Excel to make it more understandable. Just like in
Microsoft Word or Powerpoint, you can edit text and fill colors to emphasize specific
categories or groups in your spreadsheet. You can also format numbers.

Font and Colors

You can find the tools to format the looks of your font or cell on the Home tab. You can
change the font size, font color, alignment, and even the fill color of the cells here.

Number Formats
You can also find Number Formats in the Home tab. These formatting options are useful if
you have a date that you want to match to a specific format like Month-Day-Year, a
decimal point that only shows two (2) decimal values for a scientific computation, or show
the currency for a company’s expenses in a month.

Spreadsheet program

MS Excel
● A commercial spreadsheet application, written and distributed by Microsoft.
● Is a spreadsheet tool capable of performing calculations, analyzing data and
integrating information from different programs.
● By default, workbooks are saved with the . xlsx extension

Components of Ribbon
1. Tabs - Home, Insert, Page Layout are the examples of ribbon tabs.
2. Groups - They organize related commands; each group name appears below the group on
the Ribbon. For example, group of commands related to fonts or group of commands
related to alignment etc.
3. Commands - Commands appear within each group.

Row and Column Basics

● Row runs horizontally while Column runs vertically.
● Each row is identified by row number, which runs vertically at the left side of the
sheet.
● Each column is identified by column header, which runs horizontally at the top of
the sheet.

Copy Paste
To copy and paste:
1. Select the cells you want to copy.
2. Choose copy option after right click or press Control + C.
3. Select the cell where you need to paste this copied content.
4. Right click and select paste option or press Control + V.

Formatting Cells
MS Excel Cell can hold different types of data like:
● Numbers, Currency, Dates, Text, etc OR
● Change the text orientation alignment, make the text shrink or wrap etc

To use this feature:

● Right Click on the cell or group of cells » Format cells or
● Press CTRL + 1

Formula in MS Excel
A formula consists of special code, which is entered into a cell.
It performs some calculations and returns a result, which is displayed in the cell.
Operators

Mathematical Comparison Text

= > &
* >=
- <
/ <=
^ =
<>

Relative and Absolute cell referencing

Relative Cell References
The row and column references can change when you copy the formula to another cell
because the references are actually offsets from the current row and column. By default,
Excel creates relative cell references in formulas.

Absolute Cell Referencing

The row and column references do not change when you copy the formula because the
reference is to an actual cell address. An absolute reference uses two dollar signs in its
address: one for the column letter and one for the row number (for example, $A$5).

Function
A function is a predefined formula that performs calculations using specific values in a
particular order.
Examples:
➢ =SUM()
➢ =AVERAGE()
➢ =MIN()

Statistical and Math Functions

➢ SUM - Returns the sum of a supplied list of numbers
➢ MAX - Returns the largest value from a list of supplied numbers.
➢ MIN - Returns the smallest value from a list of supplied numbers.
➢ AVERAGE - Returns the Average of a list of supplied numbers.
➢ COUNT - Returns the number of numerical values in a supplied set of cells or values.
➢ COUNTA - Returns the number of cells with values.
➢ COUNTBLANK - Returns the number of blank cells
➢ COUNTIF - Returns the number of cells (of a supplied range), that satisfies a given
criteria.

Imaging and Design for Online Environment & Platforms for ICT Content Development

An image is a representation of something that conveys meaning, like photographs,

paintings, drawings, illustrations, sculptures, abstracts, etc.

Common File
Formats on the Web
1. Portable Network Graphics (.PNG)
2. Joint Photographics Experts Group (.JPG)
3. Graphics Interchange Format (.GIF)

Principles of Image Manipulation

Manipulating images is just the same as creating presentations. However, some create or
edit images for fun, without knowing the principles on how they can manipulate images to
make them presentable and decent without violating any rules in netiquette. And so, photo
editing professionals set guidelines to show the beauty of images and to enhance the image
quality of certain graphics or images.

Editing Application Software. The best thing to do is to assess whether that application
software is comfortable to use and how familiar you are with it.

File Format. Identify the right file format to use when manipulating images.

Uploading or Printing. Printing and uploading are different from each other. Thus,
determining the use of the image might be helpful when manipulating it. There are
instances when we might need to compress the image in order to upload to the Internet, or
we might need to set the image to high definition in order to print them on billboards.

Themes and Motif. Graphics must be put together to create unified and meaningful
imagery.

Symbolism. Symbols are representations of something meaningful. Therefore, an image

must have objects that symbolize people or things to make it meaningful and memorable.

Parallelism. Parallelism shows the balance between the main object, the foreground, and
the background of an image. This will help you determine whether the main object on the
image is more noticeable than its foreground or background.

Contrast. Contrast is determined by the difference in color intensity and brightness to

make certain objects in the image noticeable.

Harmony. All objects in an image must have harmony. These should complement each other
to bring unity to all aspects of the image. In addition, lines and shapes should be
harmonious in such a way that the image will look lighter rather than elicit a heavy feeling.

Proportion. how well objects fit together, in relation to each other and the environment in
which they're depicted.

Image manipulation
● Refers to the transformation of an image using various techniques and methods to
enhance the resulting image.
● It is accomplished with a software editor that can be downloaded either with a
license or with open-source software.

Basic Techniques in Image Manipulation

Picking Images for Cropping
● Cropping is the removal of unwanted outer areas from a photographic or illustrated
image.

Filters
● Image filtering is changing the appearance of an image by altering the colors of the
pixels. Increasing the contrast as well as adding a variety of special effects to
images.

Combining Multiple Images

● Combining images with the same quality or resolution can result in a sophisticated
and stunning output

Text and Color

● Text and color may add more effects to image manipulation. It will also emphasize
the message of the image as it catches the attention of the people seeing it.

Infographics
● Information graphics or infographics are used to represent information, statistical
data, or knowledge in a graphical manner usually done in a creative way to attract
the viewer's attention.
● This makes complex data become more visually appealing to an average user.

Image Manipulation Tools

> Adobe Photoshop
Corel Painter
➤GIMP(GNU Image Manipulation Program)
➤ Photoscape
➤ Pixlr
> Fotor

Licensed Software vs. Open-Source

Licensed Editing Software Open Source Editing

Software

Advantage ● with trial versions ● free of charge

● access to full ● access to full
features when in full features
version ● with unique features
● commonly used by ● renders file formats
editors using that are compatible
Windows Operating with other license
Systems and MacOS software in the
● user-friendly market
● some can be used in
various operating
systems (e.g.
Windows, MacOS,
etc.)
 Disadvantage ● has limited access to ● not user-friendly
features when in ● user must have prior
trial version knowledge in using
● license expires such software
● not compatible with
open-source
operating systems
(i.e. Linux OS)
● costly

Online platform
What is an online platform?
Online platforms play an important role in our digital society. It offers a wide range of
services that facilitates interactions between sets of users who communicate through the
internet.

Image Platforms
● Platform refers to the technology or facility where we can manage to do things
such as sharing, uploading, editing, etc.
● Image platform is similar to this, but it focuses only on images for online purposes.
This facility enables you to upload, save, and share images you have.

Guidelines
● Shareability and Privacy Options
● Image Quality
● Cost
● Storage Capacity

Positive Impact
● Online learning platforms encourage connectivity.
● Online learning platforms allow flexibility.
● Online learning platforms facilitate cooperation.
● Online learning platforms offer personalisation.

Online Platforms for Academic Content Development

● Social Media Platforms
● Blogging Platforms

Social Media Platforms

● This platform allows users to create an account where he or she can write, publish,
and share his or her own contents or participate in online networking activities and
discussions.
● Social media platforms usually have a one- size-fits-all design, a user-friendly
feature that makes it popular. Because of this, there are limited customization
features for one's account
Advantages of Social Media Platforms
● Networking Without Boundaries
● Instant News and Information
● Great Marketing Channels for Business
● Awareness and Activism
● Exchange of Ideas and Collaboration

Disadvantage
● Addiction
● Cyberbullying
● Frauds and Scams
● Misleading Information
● Privacy Issues

Content management system

● Is a computer application that allows you to publish, edit and manipulate, organize
and delete web content.
● It is software that helps to create and modify content on a website without the
need for specialized technical knowledge.

Cloud computing
● The cloud is the reason a user can log in to their social media account and access all
their photos, videos, and conversation history on any device. It is the same way with
cloud email providers like Gmail and cloud storage providers like Google Drive.
● Users now enjoy this benefit because of the internet.
● However, before that, things were very different. Give one way of saving and
storing data and files before the discovery of "cloud."
● Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services over the internet. Users only
pay for the cloud services such as servers, storage, databases, networking,
software, analytics, and intelligence.

Few examples
● store, back up, and recover data
● stream audio and video
● deliver software on demand
● test and build applications

Advantage Disadvantage

No need to install Can be hampered by slow internet

connection

Saves hard disk space May still require compatible software like
browser

Saves you money for buying software You do not own the software, you are
licenses simply renting it.
 No need to update because it updates Security risk of doing things over the
automatically. Internet

Collaboration
● Working jointly with others especially on an intellectual endeavor.
● Online collaboration means utilizing software to work with others as if they are in
the same room.
● Enables sharing of resources, goals, ideas, and perspectives.

Advantages of group decision making

● The group tends to have access to more complete information and knowledge to
make the decision.
● The group tends to have more diverse views and creativity and a greater
acceptance of decisions taken.

Disadvantage of group decision making

● The group decision making takes more time
● The group tends to have ambiguous responsibility and can be under conformity
pressures.

Online collaboration tools

● Facebook
● Messenger
● Wordpress
● Google Drive
● Google Docs

ICT as Platform for Change

Advocacy
refers to a public activity by an individual or group that promotes and seeks to address a
societal matter. Advocacy happens when there is an initiative to pursue the awareness of
fellowmen.

What is developmental communication?

is an approach that includes the exchange of information processes which promotes social
development.

Recognized Universal Advocacies

There are social issues being addressed globally for the common good of the majority.

Advocacy against Poverty

Poverty is one of the major problems in the society making it the root of other global
issues.

Advocacy against Environmental Issues

Climate change, pollution, and waste production are some of the environmental concerns
experienced globally making it one of the pressing issues the humankind has today.

Advocacy against Social Stratification

Class and caste systems affected by socioeconomic factors have caused life difficulty to
those who are on the lowest rank.

Advocacy against Gender Inequality

A campaign that acknowledges all gender preferences to live equally and receive equivalent
opportunities and resources.

Advocacy on Mental Health Awareness

Promotes realizations on the well-being of individuals and overcome the stigma on mental
illnesses.

Advocacy against Corruption

A campaign that calls the transparency on the decisions and actions of the government.

Advocacy against Violence

Addresses brutality against women, children, animals, and even cyberharassment.

ICT as an Advocacy and Communication Platform

Organize Educate
ICT helps systemize and compile ICT delivers academic contents provided
information and data related to an by the advocates about their chosen
advocacy. societal matter.

How Advocacy Works

Encourage Train
ICT stimulates and motivates people ICT supplies instructional documents with
because of the ease that technology can the various sources available for the
offer in call-to-actions activities. advocacy.

How Advocacy Works

Lobby Action
ICT makes it possible for ordinary ICT pushes people to make a move for the
citizens' messages to reach the authorities common good through its networks and
of the government to persuade for a users.
certain thought.

ICT Advocacy Communication Tools

1. Social Media Networks
2. Blog Sites
3. Video Conferencing Sites
4. Web Conferencing Sites
5. Printed Media
6. Modern Media
Tip
Spreading awareness is easier when you use multiple mediums in promoting an advocacy.

Digital Citizenship
-A digital citizen refers to an individual who is literate in using electronic or computer
technology. It pertains to a member of an online, electronic, or computer technology
community that creates, expresses, or promotes an idea, information, or content through
digital media.
• Being a digital citizen comes with responsibilities which are similar to the responsibilities
of a citizen in a society.

Digital Citizenship
● Digital Access
● Digital Commerce
● Digital Communication
● Digital Literacy
● Digital Etiquette
● Digital Law
● Digital Rights and Responsibilities
● Digital Health and Wellness
● Digital Security

Multimedia Content
● Multimedia plays an essential role in our lives. Various tools and multimedia
platforms provide information and communication to people.
● We use these tools in our daily activities to obtain information as well as to connect
or interact with others.
● Multimedia has changed greatly over the years because of the advanced technology
that we have today.

Multimedia
● Over the years, multimedia has evolved and has helped people in various contexts
such as photographs used in newspapers, art expression and medium, and
communication through the use of different platforms.
● There are many definitions depending on the context but multimedia mainly refers
to content composed of various elements such as animation, graphics, illustrations,
images, music, text, and video that delivers information through an electronic
device.

● "multi" means multiple or many

● ""media" represents a tool or a medium to deliver and present information

Multimedia Contents that you can find on some websites:

 ● Videos
● Sound, Music, or Audio
● Online Games
● Online Tests
● Courseware

Multimedia elements

Dynamic elements Static elements

Video Text
Animation Graphics
Audio

Image
● An image refers to any two-dimensional or three-dimensional illustration.
● It is one of the powerful ways to communicate or represent an idea or information.
● You can create images by using your camera, drawing, or painting manually.
● Images that are made using computer applications are called graphics.
● Graphics is composed of color, text, and illustration.
● Examples of images include: charts, diagrams, drawings, graphs, maps, and
photographs.

Audio File Format File extension use

MP3 (Moving Picture .mp3 It is a common and

Experts Group Layer-3 compatible format of music
Audio) across various platforms.

WAV (Waveform Audio File .wav It is an audio format

Format) originally developed for PC
users typically used for raw
and uncompressed audio.

AIFF (Audio Interchange .aiff It is an audio format

File Format) originally developed and
used for Apple computers.
This format is also used for
uncompressed audio.

Animation
· Animation is a series of images that mimics movements or motion. It promotes engaging
and interesting content to the users allowing them to clearly understand an idea or
information using various effects. Similar to image,

Video
• Video refers to the recording and processing of moving pictures and sound.
• It is often used for presentations, demonstrations, or explanation of a complicated
concept, idea, or topic.
. You encounter this element when watching videos on television, mobile apps, social media,
or a website.
 Audio File Format File extension Use

MP4 (Moving Picture .mp4 Designed for high definition

Experts Group Layer-4 quality with a small file size.
It is the common format
for videos published on the
web.

AVI (Audio Video .avi A lossless format which

Interleave) means that the file will have
good quality even if you
save it multiple times but
this can be big in file size
due to less compression.

WMV (Windows .wmv This format is widely used

Media Video) in Windows media players
with better compression
than MP4 making it smaller
in file size.

MOV (QuickTime Movie) .mov This format is designed for

QuickTime Player and used
for high quality videos but
large in file size.

MKV (Matroska Video) .mkv This is a container format

that can hold an unlimited
number of audio, video and
subtitle tracks in one file.
Often used for high
definition movies

Web 2.0
Web 2.0 is the second stage of development of the world wide web where it provides users
with collaboration interactivity and rich content in contrast to Web 1.0 It allows users to
access information and also to create and share their own content online like the social
networking sites you use nowadays.

Text-Based Tools
- allow users to join in - discussion groups, create notes, post comments and share
short messages
● Reddit, Twitter, Wikipedia

Image-based Tools
- enable users to create, edit, share and collaborate
● Flickr, Instagram, Mindmeister, Menti

Audio-based Tools
- allow users to record, edit, publish and share audio
● Spotify, Apple Music
Video Tools
- enable users to create, edit, share video content. These tools allow users to
perform live broadcasts or streams.
● Youtube, Powtoon, Animoto

Multimodal Production Tools

- This set of tools allow users to create, and share interactive presentations and
digital bulletin boards to gather different ideas or to create a to-do list. This tool
is also useful for teachers because it allows them to create a learning resource
material to their students.
● Google Slides, Prezi, Padlet, and Blendspace

Website Creation Tool

- They allow a single or group of users to create their own blog or build any kind of
website with or without prior knowledge in creating one.
● Tumblr, Weebly, Wix, and Wordpress

Social Networking Service

- They allow users to view and share different posts such as images, video, links, and
interactive content to other users. It also made it possible to provide a faster way
of communicating with others through video - conferencing.
● Facebook, Linkedin Pinterest, Twitternd Snapchat.

Google sites
Steps in Creating site
1. Click Google Apps.
2. Look for the Sites icon (see next slide)
3. When you click this, it will lead you to another section that allows you to create a
project, blog etc.
4. Consider a good label for your project.
5. Prepare texts, images and other output that you want to upload.

Conceptualizing an ICT Project

One way to promote social change is through different forms of ICT projects.

Project process overview

1. Planning
2. Development
3. Release and promotion
4. Maintenance

Planning
This is where the group will set up meetings, assign tasks, and talk about essential
elements needed for the project such as web hosting, website design, applications, and
funding.
Development
This is where the production of materials like articles, pictures, videos, and others alike
takes place.

Release and Promotion

This is where the promotion of the website and its contents happens that will help spread
out the message.

Maintenance
This is where the group will analyze and improve their website and contents.

The S.M.A.R.T Objectives:

S-Specific
M - Measurable
A - Attainable
R- Realistic
T-Time-Oriented

SPECIFIC
The objectives and description of the project should be set to have a proper idea of the
result.

MEASURABLE
The project progress cost, progress, and quality should be measurable using some
standards such as deadlines and budgets

ATTAINABLE
The people doing the project should meet all the deadlines set and do the task given to
them.

RELEVANT
The project should be able to address the problem raised.

TIME-ORIENTED
The project should have a deadline on when to deploy it or there are deadlines for each
tasks to meet a specific part of the project.

What are the key points in conceptualizing an ICT project?

● Focus on one area of the society to help identify the current issue.
● The goal of the project should be relevant to everyone in the society.
● Research more information about your chosen social issue and project.
● Recognize other projects related to your cause for reference

Role of ICT in a Project

● Information and Communications Technology (ICT) integrates the idea of
telecommunication between the different aspects of the project. Communicating
with individuals and organizations involved in the project is needed for it to work.
● ICT serves as a useful tool that provides a platform where people can smoothly
connect.
 ● ICT helps provide tools that can be used throughout the project process, especially
in planning. Hardware like computers and printers, and software like websites and
web applications are part of the ICT components used in order to execute a
project.

Role of ICT in a Project

Incorporating ICT in a project gives the following benefits to the project and group
members:
● cost reduction
● quality of service delivery
● quantity expansion
● improved decision making
● transparency

Principles and Elements of Web Design

What is Web Design?

Web design is the process of planning and creating websites that are published and
accessed on the Internet.

Web Development
● Refers to building a website including its elements' functions and dynamics using
programming languages like CSS or Javascript.
● Web developers integrate interactive components on the website for usability and
efficiency.

● These terms are similar to UI (User Interface) and UX (User Experience).

● UI is based on web design, and UX depends on web development.
● Both processes of design and development make up the totality of the website.
Some websites deploy two separate roles for these processes, while other sites are
designed and developed within one function.

Website
● A collection of web pages combined together to be published on the Internet.

Webpage
● A single document that contains any information.

Importance of Web Design

● Lets any person or organization to convey their content to their target audiences.
● Provides a good experience to the creator and audiences.
● Creates an aesthetically pleasing website.

Rich multimedia context

Text
● the use of characters and symbols in headlines, labels etc.
Graphics
● illustrations, clipart, icons, infographics, organizers, and still or dynamic images.
Audio
● consists of sound effects, podcasts, narrations, or dialogues..
Video
● pertains to the motion visuals in animations, live, or recorded image frames usually
accompanied by an audio.
Interactives
● a variety of animated and dynamic components such as maps, slides, polls, active
links, and other embedded features.

Web Design Principles

● Purpose - It is best to justify the intended plan for your website. An effective ICT
project can motivate people to participate and support the advocacy. The chosen
platform can move the people to action.
● Communication - Viewers' understanding of the content depends on the clarity of
the message being conveyed on your ICT project. The headers, subtitles, and texts
should be easily understandable to any type of audience. You may highlight critical
points or use bullet points since most users normally skim and browse through
websites.
● Typefaces - Text appearance is significant in your ICT project because most of the
information is delivered through characters and symbols. Choose font styles which
are readable, pleasing to the eyes, and can enhance the retention of content. Sans
serif fonts are good examples to start with.
● Colors - Hues and tints give life to a website. These convey the emotion and gravity
of your advocacy. Ideally, you should use a maximum of three color palettes in your
website. Selecting complementary tones and applying contrast provide balance and
harmony.
● Images - Text alone is not sufficient to communicate with your reader. Images and
other forms of graphics provide clarity and helps stimulate the imagination of your
viewers. Quality and related images and graphics enhances the comprehension of
the purpose of your ICT project.
● Navigation - Users should have ease accessing the contents of the website
regardless of their knowledge and their capability on using technology. Essential
details must be readily available, and supporting information can be accessed by
clicking links to the website's pages or other related websites. Adding interactive
components like sliders, buttons, and pop-ups are also excellent ways to navigate
and explore the website..
● Grid-based layouts - Arranging contents into sections, columns, and frames will
result in a virtually organized website. Contents should be carefully placed with
reference to the direction of the eyes when reading and searching for information.
● F pattern design - This pattern denotes that people scan the screen from left to
right and top to bottom, respectively. The most important contents of your ICT
project should be placed following this visual flow to retain information.
● Load Time - Unnecessary elements may result in longer loading time for your
website. Make sure to scale, resize, and compress images, graphics, and other files
for faster loading of contents in your website.
● Mobile Friendly - Most people nowadays rely on their portable devices in exploring
the internet. A positive way to gain viewers and supporters for your campaign is to
build a layout of your website for different screen sizes. In this way, the website
of your ICT project can be accessed using different devices.
 Advocacy Purpose

Anti-Drug Campaign It seeks to make people aware of the

problems caused by illegal drugs

Youth Election Volunteer Mobilization It aims to empower the youth to engage in

societal issues and participate in the
elections.

Animal Welfare and Rights It protects the lives and well-being of

animals.

Environmental Conservation and Action It addresses environmental issues and

formulate plans for the conservation and
the protection of natural resources

Remember
There is a wide array of societal issues and concerns. Some of them are not widely
discussed and most advocacy groups focus on defending the rights of others. It is best to
affiliate yourself with campaigns that matter to you the most.

Online Prototype
● Prototype was derived from the Greek words protos and typos, which means
primitive form.
● The main purpose of a prototype is to have a preliminary model for a specific
product that would help you determine its functionality
● Online prototyping lets a website designer and developer create and test their
website before allowing others to use it. It also allows getting feedback from test
users about the specifics of the usability of the platform
● The prototype is similar to a mock-up or demo of the actual website's design and
function.

Two Levels of Fidelity

1. Low-Fidelity
2. High-Fidelity

Low-Fidelity
● It is a static prototype wherein the feature being exhibited is the user interface
or the website's appearance. It pertains to the layout of how the elements will be
placed on a selected screen. It also refers to a draft wherein details are not yet
being deployed on the wireframe. This kind of prototype can be done through a
paper and pen sketch, presentation slides, or an online tool.

High-Fidelity
● It is an interactive prototype wherein the usability and the functions of the
website are created and tested along with its visual features. It involves clickable
objects, hotspots, animations, and other dynamic features that can be utilized by
the users.
● This level refers to a more detailed prototype similar to the actual planned design
wherein interactive functions are available.