f y . FOREWORD Dance ethnology isthe study of dance foms in relation to oer aspect ofelare Various teakniques for wating doen and analysing al 9 (of movement are used, The it ep to make » raphe record of oft ance for, aoaly 3 are of obese el, retin with patzpation as wel The recording vl inde poste, sep! estrs,formatians and dypanies (he fre of sped and movement). Usui, drawing groand plans the singles of these procsse Fer the physiological aspects of body movers up-to-date dake ro felon wpplebenng the vera dcp cma a of oe cake Eewate. “The system of notation mos dey accepted sed in this book, is tha of Rudaph von Labe,femmed "Labanotation” nthe Unita ‘Sate As Nadia Chikovaky expla, “Labanotation is read from tf hstton-yp,on a vertical sa of thre min Tne of which the een ie present the body's dvi of let and right. On the center sa se measured of unit of Sine, hich in tam, ae aed of by ors anal bar esto represent ter. Thee separate location foreach “bint and body ara, Sided by 2 set of poesge. Eight base dieciort®= ‘bol ll of them ct varios of spl eng, ae plc ‘ponte afl Ech symbol ndestesthe deen of the maven thy ts sap), the ration of he nwement Cy sang), 2 pt of she body (by He loan on the sal” Cikovaky (8556. 1956) champions this system as dors Hutchinson (1954). These coin yactombel Flise comparative sais of epnal irre, led Inoccleratin et. (Cea 1959 161 p. 342-4) “he fev of soy i i ed the pupa ofthe iy (celine, economi,therapentic, ereatonal) and is place in a age ritual or dramatis complex, Hany es often een to deteemine heHHA Aa Ga cguation i reaton tothe eve rganizaton of the people ‘being sed E “The meat important tpi to make a boralivestpation—in the evlopmen ofthe dance tre the ener for hangs, Inia it ‘Seow conl both the ethnologist andthe histor “The recostrcton of osaete orobolescent dances kab 3 doreslogy, ws al ofthese approaches, but it must abating ob- union the sty of suture, pining, and if posible, $Soteriptne. For medieval dans, Europeans ave a SESE Erie cnbinaon of por, etal descrpog codes Ez notation tery, oth the dating from erly center ‘ert moder sua For precnesan dancs, on theo Safes are plete, bu ovement in European wg take plaz ol after she Spanish Cone, The dances were 2b reno were 8 merry when Fray Berar Sa j Pe encouraged ped native erent to write te down ibd dra Eien af ten ran ets he uve of ns | {heave argos roe snd mach changed 0 provide doa | yt.) | Bete oe neque NP veo eins ay 0 ‘Sevble eps tenes of he Aztecs nd May. “Tae hve ied to mk she best of igo motrl. Aferd yng erm cording to pst ey bv bee scored aegis ater Seren iy seaming sa rw 2 etl ne Cee poe, Ea a) and wang foe tn flare te nance f the ae nthe ite o he Sgro sort srpweuacr we found hes inact Bus, design andy Ber (Goeiaes of eonenparary Indian ss. The ol i ses of > Se agent express of cera ays. (is ingasibl 2 | TOES lng sep repens ovens Efron The inven of oD | re te ceaion af dance dean, for expt, wld be a5) Sibkios pro and oui the pan of hs books "The ree chapters of thao ae aranged in hc Aide fro thr rerine tpi, the hee an ean’ ify 1 {Glowing Seger ice he Coop and evaluation fic, Rees documents tht seve assoc motel Maton + Weider dace araje of fate cron and compu chore hi fo vanes ems, Behe inde: dain ofthe mae tnd Symbol of reoresian dap 4mThrough the book rns he consent theme ef he tons of hereto te belly soc sacar nde of penton perl Catubosn fared the congex reo of preps fs took Sac rl preps th ek to agp thea he and Bol Garten proved isto and Mexich jabs tn aed Gente Kerth ort of he wore Elen Kath af Frances Wet prepucd drain Yom Kev its, Alc finer proved ston Hin eter Nad Cala a Contre! iq sr exper court a Lar ‘emis, Jase PGi, ao Ee B: Wal ge iogiat asec of the mans. Noman Mi Nib Coty at pps Append CM Salons repre nde and hace he cig pines Any evi ime co of tig He : tok al pony for osnaing Be ene regu ~ : {i stn xg sags the Win Fano ndifopoloied Has Tor get aid comming th costly ate fost communis at modes ar pb ogg Karatb Se= ry ILLUSTRATIONS Ire Tea Soins Dt ern verge Cole SoA moe Cn ne ‘te je Cy Age wth erie hon ad ‘Wisp el cr Cte how Paks Edm) spinon an acne Mes Arn, Dai, 2 Secret Pree ney nape orden. Fon Tk, RGM SEE EA Ritu cn Bons Sauron eatin Ly of te Sepn Rpm he poy ig’ stn itoon tly Mea ‘rec in Gay spre pee ecg 70 dn 9 tao Moser sf Ae nce Se om oases rm One, 2)" fchapen Coston. Pot Iman rat bl) Dance, Chay Haein am Galina; hep 1 (Sennen Cal Tet to: Tonged Geta) rete dancer Cy figuras hah" (Mar Calton. Phe Jim Groth Kim q (hy gue; ht 8%, (Commins Caen, NNavoat Nassim of Anbaplgy, Mes Cy: Pasa rma rot ita antl hy ge ron Reno, Vea Cran; beg 164" (teyefpann,sasamel he Ameren New oP. oomle Cote sina nm i de Jin, Came eight" Sunetasen Coleen Phot: mea Gro Reba) Fre ince nan llr dopo wise th, Ch fgee rom Catnay het 10" (Nese Regina de Cina) Maya dene pve resent of Oval dee Frm a 8 die, Cede, bis "National Main of Anrep, Moses Cy. Pht: ingd Gain) pdf ie dace ower (he 8\ =| ABB a 14 Mapa syle hand yoieas,remiient of Osa das, Bebe Brawl: Nese Can J) 1s Mapa ner, yore sein of Osea dane it 6" Ye Feces cometh ain nin New York. Pot (ce Costes) 6PM ans poe einen of Orel nes. Heh eve gh Eaten, Nasal Men of Arche and ‘op, Castle Pht: Joya Hass) 7 Neth danerswering cmon estat dro hoe WP icerkmet: Stone, 500, Be 7) 18 Mapa da one Coder To-Go XX. (Daving: Nestor Goren) 19 Real are of bal players Maya tne ie fom Pas Neg ‘Broad Cesta) sass 36/2 9 2712 (atonal Man Deere nt Eglo, Camas Ci. Dawg Culler Geta Me. Peet) 0 Proeon ef Maya moans ae ces. recs fo Bon (Gesu Anan lg Cale Pow: Ret Coen yarn or deer Feminine with ebro engs a ce ot to alo Moen (Svea Colestion Ps ise Quis) Bhatt eamblypayers of he bud nd pane ed by v0 vis of macemico (Cntr ger), Codes Foetins, XLVI 24 Stace: (te ner sing). Cex Foes, XVI 3S Dane impersonating Tecate, ter ofthe Aten, Codex si (Phesn ent Ceres) 1m Dancing is ipernating Quel, Codex Barbone 22 (Ghote: ve Creat) ‘Seca, plo ved ears] cone f the Anes, Maton icon a Anrpaagy, Moses Gy. Reonatracion yA temecetargi) 28. venom for ic Lar of he Hunt, Cae Bo we ict, Poy of Mince arene 115 Rusa Pht Cote) 0 Het see des flee ad enoymen).Cosex Hae iy XLVI 1 Nowa of msicansapragle by Pao de Aerad, Cotes a Deming as Nad ined rely pal in vans os BAEC Geniogen Cac Poor ead Gr Kal Month For Hany Tonos Coes Mats 34 Month igh: Hoey Tec Code tte enh : | LLMoth Fite: Png Cader Maio Month Toes Tenes Cade Mins, ‘Month Te: Noa ust Cage Mattes Mh Even Opa Code Mates ‘Asse arte dances cris Clee Maj, danter dspsed ae = bat Palyhromadceenon le, ‘ellis brown oe orgs, wish 11Y0 Gvenagen Colecton hot: engaré Cote ‘Toba Ladle Minn Lard ee Hen Teathanin eo ity (). Dain: Fans Wihd (Quant with aon om el at Chih Des fom tobaptne hich a. (sey, 346, 9) Huhta (Gre Old Cove) nag 0 nt on sag Xipe Totem the Toulon scalp of he Codex Bitoncer (9. Teaco levied oar Codex Magic Dancin guar nas coal en pare dan frm Mai ale, nares of Ate sarenonsn (ane 57 Fi) Ee Kh, from ne Tetons fico let aa, $0). (SE pn, 157, Fig 30 Deaug Al Mentos) Jey, ee Tc fn isn 30) ech died sx any, Fle by Tscyahin. Codex Jag faved by eaeranan be hy mea insets Saya ice ron Chany so 9 08 (The avery sey Phi Draws Oro) Warrvson Case Mays Sele skies Ah cenry a (Tor am 193.295 Eragon So Maske the Aaa es ol Sraatgut Cex Mattes Noe ses nis nse sits one wk doe mk, Young fll pped fale Fein fn Thc; beige 4" (Co ‘aris Ctlecen, ton Mn ef Arrapery Mes iy Phat: mare Cr kina Male sve pide down Saat frm Ta (SavenatenCalesten Pin regard rath Kin Satie |Gt i il-nge rose ene fom Tash 6" i a te tear Pht: med Gres Kea) {iered gone woman. Cale Ttose ring Het 17 (Green Colton Feat mpd roth ata re dancer igure eh 20 (SvergenCaecion. Fo: Grate nl) i Fale dcr wah gh fener dre. Precasic Toons i ve icc Hos Sunes Clketon Pot: mead Go inca Dore onl lf t Monte As, (Pho René Cas Faye ert nfl rep neingpeteiny Weleda ‘uel Selo tel Veco. Cts ie) ‘Grup of ees preenteg ffergs Pail ve Cham, abot Sort" oho, ne P.) ‘tow pss ec om Sat Rite Cito. (Poo, Bo Grist) rt oring hana Hert 4 en gad desceing fo sy Reet Fe i Caccnape (xa), ow a 00. CT 10,899. Dog elen Ker) Sings nt. Fray tert Noein soot 80 ‘C198, brewing ed Kes) Nays dary, Frm je pbc, Cop, Hons, 7500 (tie 14 2s Brongn Ker). fungal ed om test of Cops. (Moy, 1948, Dawg Ben Ka) ‘Fa pons ofA Patan af deh Drs Code, XI, XX (Wore, 30 Ms i RXVI Deewings: Nr Caron 3) Coke Diy) aad N Sang oe eat of nity Drea See Se telcos, 035, 2 Vn, Dawn Neer 2 SEED amas aed (Yam kn te maz gb, Dreien Caden, Rea: Bors, 98,7. Be Drei Neos Crim 1) Spur ad rete Coo abou 0 110, (aco, 1935, SXRVL Dowing Nes Caron Neneh go of eh Cader orbnias, 10, Deine Nes ter Caen 3) (Conc gi of sn Coden Boros, 1 ‘Fn mal odes: Cex Teer, (Cs 199.019 Tle god eth Codes arbor, Zonlanl (Ca, 1S in ge of dacs rn Tec, aout an, 20; biht ee a oe Cciccen, Nand More of Aha, Mess Gy. Pts mgr Cea inperontr of Qutmakan Encl Cex Mglabcc imesoator ofp nvaour apes ain flap Cedex enim, Cade Bch, 26. ‘Serle oom), Coes Bos F Bin Teasipcit. Cider {lod cont (laura owt oping sound sce ple ing Xow Hue, Coe {tape ding Tone. Cs Martens, Back tp Gots) By spent Tastes digi onsen (naa daring Ocpeit, Cex Flr 30, Fri fon Tr aout 3(Naonal Meccan Tops, Mes Cy Pw bal Cie) ‘Spe n puade eng rom Toa rec, Tedhncaiboux Seas ces Fy pb Thaw ow Coven ‘Ttlonac ie witha "gt 2,0, 600-7045 Cenagn Celecton Photo nga Gril) ‘ay sine from nn. (Horacs ors Snche Clot Inmet ba Na gl rom Clee Maps el, Ales Vere Pa, a. eon. (he Unie naa Prise, Poe. Reser Clb) Mae dancer on ays ple fom Unsatn 7sCetry a0 (N on Masten Achsay on Eig, Goto Cy Pte foe Cure) ace om nd ior Dane it ‘ine pero a for fens ha sppronse 3" {Wilteskee Pub Museum) a May racein tard = try. Deal of marl sini Bow Sm Det nse of Ate Downes Anon Toei Roun dane fr Questa Bi win, Xoo. Codes obo (Covel pscatng around dace From he post Conus ls of (Open ond nce ting Nov Cade aban 2 elder Qu Be) ofthe Sia de acl alle "Hox Fes in Tora catty, Wor Cam (hat: Ba Ct) {sna tnd le Qua fram he nent ‘Giles Mogsahects and Eagle Dace Sina Gn aly 3 ‘Pint Conrie Kerth). Hove Danes of Sn Cae Pasa, Now Mein, Pata: Ge kena)I) eatt i 1 i | | HL ‘eae Dane te omnorary Hp. Oso Wt Mca. Pi ine by Acs Tae) ‘pte caer Seventh etry reson by Raf! and, (Conor tet Canoe Fete bree and gute la Eidbancgn, Charo. Phar: BotChseser The Stata ef Chi, Pls, Pht: Bal Chistes) Mo. sategsnceat Sane Canin ii Pho Bold ee “ang dns heen frm es ar re Bias Pon ba iene) a rs rama of & via Ct Caches ey Regen ese Cy. Samer Series in: Caos nee) 113 Nn gy fe foe po in ute Lesh SIP Bey Elin Po: eo 1 ss arc eae he a, Me cent ct Ser, ote Crane) sos Ss cys Fy Jay mee Oe 2 tay eis CPs nga Ce Keo) * 16 Mae man Des Ces, XV ke pe He fn he fs of Sond NUTS tse Eocee vis ooed i sae og mie, Heh Teokinbis ht loin ee) 1 ape dsl age” Stag Clee ‘es eon kei Ino ay ey ae Th pr se oe, al Mee ring Sten. Phe fas His) Fotcne pty lite Loh feng oe 4 (Msc hy ta at ol ey Tenens pipe eae STP sel sur of Abra, Meteo Gi. Pte rey et ie, Ck of Me cure lag ie, 1 (ese Handan, stn ofthe ee nan, Ne) te Eom ype sey dace te, Tome cre 1G hha of copay, Kl, Ver Cz. Pht: Toad 125, Ronne moan laying te ao (lel ed Cy fg Serine: Hier sob tap "Aue Cll car month need wth pete sa ctr sional esaion, (ston Mineo of fotopelon Siesies Ga) 16 {Ser dance of hehe Cit Geomen ho diel in ‘ttn eben sada ra eink and sed Que Semi Cer Bre, 2. Foren of te eins handy oh econ of Tet. U(r Abe endo) Thre repeat Terenas 8 Tefal, “He of he Msn win spar dpb Cole orto sad of ie Sooling Morn Cates Bors C19, aol i heresy (Brown Ni! Mendes) : “Te reso ofthe word et eee col ad lb Rica on of Pe, pens ip cour Cale Fe Syme ene Qatzara: Mayaand¥pake verses. Dre Ine by Nesta Caae ae! Abel endo ihca eB ote sybils ps, Deon. om the Pyanié of Pate, mn Mo Cay. (Pa: Ba Symbol heCros of Qeslou” Caving: Abd Me $Spobel of Movement" Exile Drwage Rel Mendon) op ney wa ors eee ate eaeCHAPATER1 THE SETTING Precatsian cefoniliom was the product of ag ‘aan eiviatons tht develope nel evga seings heaugh Iman centuries, The Mesn-Amercin iat ocued thi steton tm scene clivaion of the so, 4 thir dance ceremonies was Siar faces on indispensable bad of water eran Tle alton of cae in Chapa ard Grate rate ere clente-had plenty water. Inthe serar—the terra Irithey were bes with pernnalis. But in the slurs tera the tenperate Valley of Mei, the fxmers were concered ‘wth the vali of wate, Je sbafdoy, they ad 3 sso corres ponding tothe nether wntr ander trimer season. When pose ‘hey bul ter ee nee natal ya evplie and employed ii The Antes applied the term hapua, by the watt,” to their con quered terior a alo to th Tatoac cowry on the Gulf of Mevin Ther ental Tenor (nae Mex iy), a lesen the Cre Te of Andhuse, om a pte waterbed 7,248 fet above Sea kvl reaost have rsenbled erie ia ation onthe had of Lake Tes coca, Two iss Beene te towns of Tenodiilan and Thal, “pistedby rand onl Thestreessere party paved and pany water, ‘with ansporaton by ena. Maizeaze in Rosing gardens and also on the shore the ke Alongthe shoe ain he wooded hls rosmed game ‘hich vane ine centuries ‘Other ppl alia prefered sce Inks vers, o the oa, the Zapoeesby the stress snd southern oan a the mus, the Mines, bythe Rin Ble the Tacascansby the Pace Ocean, The Haste:Gul near te Pano Rive. Tee gti retest Maya Quiche erected mst ofr templsia the swampy Pete of Chiapas and {Gente or along peninsular ives though in arid Yucatan they hi reesuae to underground svt: (enol) “The watrwaye aed inthe difxion of clr, whee by migeation, trade, or fare, The Usemacints River i rail fr 270 mile fora the Bay of Campeche it highland sours separated by ony one vide from th dure ofthe more ragged Motagea Rive, whieh Hows ito the Bay of lgpduras. Generally, the rivers and ors onthe Ante sie art ‘move aavgable than those onthe Paci de where Santa Lucia Cot uma wa the only important ctrl ctr andere day tere sony ig ports south of Acapoleo—Salina Cruz and Tonal ins there was more moby tovard che north than tw ‘of Meson. This mobility etendd beyond Meso-Amserc proper, into the Caribbean ead into the “peripheral Mesican Southeast ofthe United Ses ase, 1944, 9p 296-7). South of Honduras, the rain fered grénter impediments, which apparently ba een overome ine nol preitoey but were efgcive daring the er the pent elton. the south, CHRONOLOGY Thegestatioh and flawerig ofthe cvliztion took slleniay-The story goes back opeple whose denny unknown. Archer slogisve been reconstructing Se story and they have changed ther Ake with every spun id pd ne tediigue. As background for ‘horney, sppronimate dating by entre i praca wth more ee dale we approach stoi ens. Pero Armilae (1958, pp. 18-19) stinger thee grt which he fret offer dane cues, the secon provider ee suggestion, Sd the hired abounds in pictorial and even documentary stra. Preegrllurel stage, rom the arate the fest immigrate From Asa (prabably'25,000 yeas ago) tothe beginnings of plant culivation— shout 3000. reer in iotertropial Ameri, Prove agile sac, wih graranilages in nudear America, gather ing-hanting-fsking nthe resto the Ameria, and the expansion of cil ‘ation from the centers fo the soutwest and ent of the present United ‘States af slot South Americe—sbout 3000-300. Flgh eiizaion in Miso Ameria sr the Anes: continuous develop ret, despite local ene and reresos expansion of sedentary area de it spite marginal prsitene of hentng and gathering—500 8.101500 0, Tie pesage rom the ist to the eon stage was a revlon "charc teed by the cullevation of plant and the domastication of animals | tnd by thedevslopmest f new processing ebniques.” The second eo | ution, “which gives rise to what we call civilization in the strict sense— | i | ‘sens tobe associated with theinceatsn products ue tothe develop- ‘ent oftechriquer of intensive aricatre™ (Armils, 1958, p- 9.) Ta the cond stage human figurine ofthe so-called Zcstenco (1500 1a.€), eomemporay with La Venta in Tabata Inthe eloquence of the Baurtes fom Thc in Morelos. The india the Teo cemetery show arlighy developed mortsary ceremonial. Male figures wih shaggy onumes sgt sharin sociated with animale Covarcubis 1957; 'p 25) ize jaguar moe ania the "Clare jaguars with dhrpalled 3 Fal symbols. Fealefigerines,spparenly dancing with “Svat ley a ates, ano nate spits (Sone, 1952,pp.53-61) andan Tecate the impersonations oF srarin-and fertility dis. One fenle Dagvtsa crcl vii ina agoniad anges pin Stun sr The res from Teothusesn (300-8.¢~410,.900) llusate thee “i oneptsona ich grander cae Tn genera, however, telat" parvo the third ell, 2.900, adits apoge in Catena and aacent ere tory, The ears ated glyph, seulpeures, and pyramids atest ta high falfore-Usxactun (Formerly data a 324) and is contemporaries he luring ar, expecially the fezas of Bonarpa, pois to a ich erento ad anes. Then the emphasis sift again tothe Valley of Mexico i Sst aboot the ne that the Maya contr sce aandoned, Nahus Speaking tebes migrated from the north, conquered the reser, eed much of hice an infused wh ome heir own, These i fees, though tll hunters, ad recived ene from, agrarian Mes “Ameria and were not comple stapes The ‘Folie who dspace the Teac and Cholla and were in tom conquered by Artesia. 1156. Fecpanes, who til on Lake Texcoonin 1330. ‘Cicbines who invaded the northern zone of Meso-Amerce i 3 4244, perhaps the wake of marginal agaltoralits who moved because of eanging tc codiions (Armils, 958, p.7) “tates, who dipleed the Totes, haased the setlenets around Lake “Teneo, founded Teoh is. 1324, ald with the towns of| “Teaco nd Thcopan and expanded into vast federation ‘Meanwhile, a Yoratin anaher trigl sliance Nurihed ae vanished he league of Moyopan, Chichen Txt and Ubumal. The displaced Tel ‘ee brought Mexican concepts to Chichén Ltd by invadingthe region, rh the natives ad Building great empl precints. This es- "ine spred to Hons "Tonane (1944) and Trimborn (1939) marae in detail roend ad probly related cain enctons—a the centri of fim ofthe Christin er. The tits which ros ofthe ersis—Irt 1000 on—e of eaters patere, While ci eve te exten rece show icfops of sop organi sided meric er tines tobe an important Fors of oil con (1958, p39) "A sreatr criss oecued after A 9.1500 Spaniards fst sf Mesa Coie subg Can history. He and hi compat ened ran and changed the course yea roa Cemples) ofthe in erfl hing ta bold” Diaz del Cat, M “Tothe suet ose! Towee mounting, move verdant than tthe resent ay CEREMONIES ‘The conquerors ound in many cyst the com HBB BE rans of hers Many examples ie folowng peg Arias ommares hr yan pets ‘emer ich lp ram 2009.80.60 was the sig of teenies led "Chase" Wend in a encase fhm ttl of eel ep cer ppchinetly tener fred log and strc ds 0 ca dats one elo pie he ST ton he eal aero sg 3 et a ogh regio ‘yen in 1503, Anhoac in 3519. On gost 13 152 eran isan desta the ‘Snetuares, In Cutemala ae Yaron the nears encounter sty Fune—they dd ot ie the ative tal thee ong ieout Th Andlse even the eammon is of Span wee tires wth tet eau and ress ower. "Spe stood looking sbout ws, oy that hage and ore ‘ond so ih that fom it one could ace oer everyting very WO ‘Siew eda, ono on the ke waters, "ues (pyran) of oe fone tues and fortreser a al leasing white and twas #00 aed 1956 28). sed olan and in thee were= li reigious, and commercial wih sion-bith wedding, death. in par ens based on plexi of igh xtr ont common fr ee Se thy fou nana scent een trecaopa coder " Sef oreed creme fi mj dates ley fora, sion athe pening co be no oe oy Foand earl an Inte eld hewn hegre Inc dtis othe conn rom Apel thong Sigal oe Seiclomirt es d youge tice nh al ey ‘fephddtestorth goat hay mourn aor a Al, hyn pcarsey fethand op eo eo rer le aa ured the hence epnifion ad somal enn eed for Tecan, th oa ‘ones taoved lnc ge ander! eoons, Mijas ocxwens The ove hr enroouseon0 Sowtal doivent othe None, Tega ate {Tohus, Maca fom te Oto, Teen! fre Hane ‘Xion fam he Hoel, Xie Toe fromthe Zapoeg Topol from Blower 1956 9.2078): “hat cconolon shed decry wth th ter. ct around Lake Texcoco, especially Texcoon and Tlacapan, which were in i ipo wth Tecan, Bt te sons cts warped thor ox speci dees well. For insance, she fabian of Xp ieo speca , Feed in fetal for Kochi and Nochiqurts. Tlsxchip Huextzinc, | = = Cols, Tepeyacie and Zacitlan held important sles in central tcl and lee sfc bis andr 0 OM pl gre ‘Camoath and o Quetzaloo bt they aid not appa ee Aa ge of large ran sa a Stee, 1954p. 133) ‘On the Gulf cos, the Totonacs wrshipped a special ost, Xam, | whoa even her ail. They followed paces offence and ic fc, with ss henan sactiie aoa origs of gps. At thir i ‘Gece anor festa and on asa nor azslone the pgboad and dhe 1 tebility held procasons and ceremonies spnate Frahe populace (Mazaso V, 194, pp 104-8) The Totonaes and Planes specialized into coemonies tot sarvve tony, the Volador (ving poe; gre 107, p- 198) ad the Con cosa rs wise (Degen de Jordan, 1984 pp. 2790) se amon with shooting arrows ata cute vi, The Palador poe was taser to TenHARB 1 banshee dn Xeo nts Tro sre as known se anata, Sct Borg Sted 198, 9.178. a retin over Tang procs (Dae de Jonas pp 6138) Ingewrl eed At sch ser te oi se rong of tes reign (C0, ae ccm ha par, ith epson tetas gn (vi th seed wh Ta Tens SSnosotsTe sel fics es Casi, 7 San akg nd erty conned tie dragon (Co eel ole pp. 19439), Te ne Unde wer dei ested Re echt alte Maye 946.210) "Fe la uh patho sented the Reece ie cones tne, Ah Po or Menez, th go of death, ores for Gilet nego fg, 1944, rp. 5-0 BRM presale Asean, cerenonion wale HST anes Comin, 827, pp 19-0, Fan as aon ase baer hy Sed oe fo he SESS yin Jue Ne Yeo forall gt, Sone Fe 1ESrepeed apa gaicaion, Obs neo ee 200 Seen src Zee nvr ir and ence Fee Nie Caan, Pain Noy, or war. ach SORES Stpeat eo of de Mor, 986 0 See Mac Toes ese sce by bw ad row hip 230) 3 1302, 78 “he Rw fan jaguar BAS Clans) evens ofthe MaykSGEHE in July, were ded cated 1 fur yearbestes, Da, wh carne othe four dvi Farrah cosdinal comps pots and thee symbolic! ears, tn oe Ceremonies war ares to the Bai th ext year oe est an hen vhost and black, in cuntlokvsh section, Then he eyle esr Sher agin, tea benevolent and vel alevoens Baas (Blom, 198s, pp A7-40), Thompson and Morey the sequence cast north ae re uh tex Mar, 1861, pp. 245-75 n zee ceremonies Joa Irares occupied a minor postin, L Ttcont whe mate lions syste the Spaniards made even dono epics enh Chistian preceplsTpey suceeded ining fur asec panzon of Anh. ther vit cil sents, 0 the already eSb veryiing inthe wo Ef the Aztece revolved around tei gods. ‘Asay lk the Melengind ey Chr, was cbse with he ide of Cole dentin wth 8g ther tough te te of scr tb eathonthe eld ate. Tse wer the nly roads to isnot Salem cme hd he piglee of bang dra to Til: Quetzaend “Sy rnin nd abuses by drowning orlighesb or by hin il bin Te ate of al nfs was to await encarmatin inthe Engl sb teeancen felis of Mitntechts and Micteeachuatl, the Lords of Dathand Lie ys The const of seople trough shel oetion and metamorphosis of dhe mats ofthe erative proces of mature vas ao present in ‘owe nd piosoppagl ext. The duality and urity Inet in the cosmos "| Fra the demented death a essen prts ofa vl pater J finds bilan eprestgi inthe earth goddess, Coatlaue, Lady ofthe Ser= ed efeything wit her generous bands and then ook per npgesle laws. This poopy pervade the dame Testo of the ADE rom bi Bich chs Tot moments, the Aztee sed tht hic redid tok wae honor andl abet the owe of his 1s who were enone ofthe fore of mare. Ony with the of eg ol ter pein ifs ad blond, ee divin qui eat, could men isin cont the esos ad suresh own welling and thatof te comma ' cist Bs pilsaphyisimportnt, Welty ae ital ue °F nan serif form g8€"Back Legend” ofthe Aztecs which silly p=" ‘hades am ebjeied wid of the comple native society. Soule com- . ae ayant {sents (196, 9.98) Cle, ei for usta cme toa tre ude fending of what ma saci mer oe Stet ery bar may bob that evry clue pores ow es of hn srandwhatsnot eel. Atte hg tc caret te Romans shed wor ‘ood th eee and freer seen! tan ee the Aztecs i tafe thedle The pana o screly moved by the ry a the sate priests, vere, brn mated and ated with 2 prey ee coscece We, whose othe tales of te ‘es of anne Mes, fave sen with ou own eps and nou ay Chlized none posed syrenatealy tothe extemiatian owl ef human eit ond he perfcion of weapons capable f maha ia one on dred mor ine han the Aiea eve seer" Lie he Romans the Antes sop and venerated (na fempl cle Costes tego of he peoples iam they donnie Taree ina goat ineacton ote tps of Gabel dnc om ef nt pty ss of Anta, the Nad nome at Kwnorhesin How, Asaph, pty api ea Sonpoietaa ule content peeepation wh hegre ago epeme decd lah Key che Maja and Hue Nate of Ipubenohantby he Aes Ther was arin rend of th vi Je, andres af he some people of the noth ated with “Tetipee utslopochl wth trove ofthe move advanced nd he sani alt of Toe Quetelet wich thy people rom he south, The tex bur ty sate ina posal aon bat by one ng tes govermer, Thea hic, heats theayiel neat yfhacelpgnto, ao Oe Tia wnaboepesedine ty of Aaron ge rds md sh an a hes serumentsand sclesof rom the sth andthe ul of con se thir cee musi on 3 train fe tone see ‘Aztec faeshavefour oles and produce a fundamental fete sale, Onthe other hand, the aseuments folder cultures sally with ve or ire hls, produce richer sales and even three and four par chard “Thus we ca afi tha he ceremonial dances and asic of tic thel a, had wheats, and styled characte, snd astrong e iy Pete inmostThe Teathuacan and Maya Clase utes antedate that ofthe Aztecs by at ee ie hued ents, By the tine the Aztecs began to appeacio aces (aa 1140), the gest ceremonial and politcal centers ke Pest Peat, Taal, Palenque, Copan and Bona had been sbandned Eetoved Invasions? Drought? Epodeics? Regus schisms? Reo of inet? We do not know yey bat we do kow that th ich afecal these ciystte occured during the ninth century 3 ‘Maya artis perceived in the arrogant bearing of ther aristocracy idtahie cremated esncly ai decratwenes of thei temples and poles Blo nd is oie dal One of tea gel Dg eee a Sa thirdly of esa ich texte Tn thi fast of ears nd form on Jyphis the Mayasyteref wring. The ideal sod af thats and intial de Piilsophial concept a5 wel sa i woof becomes svar of engrsici hist symbol ofthe Maya ris lpn. A aig may 2 or equation, am atenoniza ebsereaon, 0 religous or al event but abostevie, with thei spear combs or false walls op ping the rah, evean impression of ght aed oaring mss ha contrat ot ther ins facades covers with stylped Sige aed serpent mats ‘Fhe facades were formed of countess mips mde with shousnds of ‘rote child Hinestoes painted wih brght.colors, The ger sn {Be eypen are ancient Ole symbols and ae the observe themes of Fa The strength and srozani the tiger, symbolic ey and th cunning and egancec the rete, ‘yorbolig the fer earth, engage nan cern frag ha asses ot ‘enies boul harvests tothe pope i Perfection elepene esesnest nd ses esti intellect en joynet ar the sl of the Maya ths, No doubt msc a da a the me characters and followed the sig ideals and lines of Hlvwopment. “A perding clei ative at ofr casey gored by mos wit eis aoe Tispoverial poner ores, nal ss eesins and specially iis pli and evi specs, associ wit nec tnd Feral, fe tha abated te at nen of hamardsnceprehioc ties sid is very much in eidence ong the et ane vay representations in exami painting 2S hele cement i native religous cones, glad cee Franc Gal practice! symbolically inthe MABgan states Merelos an Ons the depasinents Santo snd etatenanga in Guatemala). Thelen» Schesogil horizons and reaches climb Seid by the Aztecs ding the second, i, cinch gf thse ented in he Deen (Maya) ad Borbonizns Asse cos, Pl tees ae rea fond in ary al the sro Sts. All he clonic ening 399 won. Dorn (1867 (0 fea 9s provaking and inde tur nates use with so many wigan sey that tien cen toca dace for warn women i suscepti then =the name mean ikl ot ance” Vaitons were Towa among the Maya a Navel, Coca ay nd Mit ay Teter tothe eon af the fs sce eso, who wa the onion ofthe vioriows 230) dees the Aste cuteeIe is known that he rang! Aztec cored an fd thi former raster, the Otomis, for their ndfernce to nity and ovat. Femi rine guns in provocative poss abound inthe Pree and Clas Fvzons, There sno queston that etic inspired many of the cee ‘moni sd peafane dancer ofthe peoples of Anshuse, ‘Motine's Memorses (1903, Ch. 27) informs us that the Actes bev dancing oe metros, ik de of charity an "In eee lio fesirae and thee dances, they nt only cle onan ore a prated thei god with songs tal withthe eat and ith the mowenents ofthe body. In order to do this propery, they ad and ted many pater not onlin the movements of the hes, ofthe arms ad ofthe et ut witha hr body and thi they called mace penane ad good deed” “Thessdits, chronicles, cermics,paintings, and selptres make it posible for u 0 lent speci eye, whic in tare ae inpensable Jn recogizing and clsiying the deen elures and thee infos oneach ther. At presente can dtingush eight ferent arses: re lasicggne, Fro Teothuacan, Maya, Talons, Teothacan, Zao. Gece oe vital fore in the ie of ‘he indigenous community, expresing isa hope and far) They are the wap heartbeat the native way af if, which we can no longer ignore "The ieeaton of native donc, theater anid musi should be bed on & prod study of aboriginal religious cones, of ara of the ache Siogsthand eharaphie dt. Gopeie Bie 2 coe 3) Tae de: Ch oiGHAPTERS3 THE MAYA “The gine ofthe Mayo a8 wel a tho ofthe Ole and Teatacan Toe Naa on puns epg sonal peledos ah te Mn mae oho Al een, Soy nd hd pus ean opi 0S Fett mts enc pre ty ste Preah sy csune, hee de of etic Tend See og ol ye ere Tar gg 8 stoned competion ante bepoetont in, mover ed een on nt pugs on ond eg Al MB comes lnt Meyer get nd Ce Snncal oped) nan psn hy md Sel Rend ate claedmecsef bonehead dat MiB anand Oncol decent se coy ma bt Abin Ste (use Chand rekon Mays Je denhvoon hen he ocipts of and este Sap wee" ae gs ey odd seb clet the eTe ined pata psp ey ego orél (6) changed pater scaring othe reunistanes in whi lace and the ep ted the ojo to which was dedicated, while the Sharacter (lve) varied aecoeding ro the motive or reason for ts pr fonance. (They family xlebraton, in the sacred cere, sein the blest dancing ene main traction, Thos! dane Treeted on thse ater osasons were nameroct and varied, but he ot andi ones were the Dance of the Reels Galled Cofomcha) Snd hit Dane ofthe Stndarée, "The Colonce war dace so he accompaniment ofthe high tones of fits (erailes) with sel tmpets and dea playing ane Ciambackground. The dancers were apie young me, whose bodes w int blak from head to foot. Tey wore hesddes hb Tal colored plumes and flowers, and wore narrow sales with as [They] Fore » cle, and while the Fe played meurcful melodie thet ofthe dru, the people ag the chorus of sad une (Th tee dances wen othe mile ofthe ere, ne ah a bunch wing the hy the wick, After one pai eed they reuied o the ‘cok ther pee unl the whale group fad taken past Onc the circle Wagcomplied iy] wal start ew de witatinerapson Sots ‘teed tone dancing al droge, expecta de “fe Vee Diora nce the je als ences Lane cob ancora es het) to A es Gps tices wit stor ene ropr-day Otel Sere ean cnn performs ban ey hee ecg ding whith te dns hou a nb ree atch oe the Ghutal pure wich ra boy dud sma, clled Fa Meringue a Sth pts ot the gerne 8 eat tea a Mant cae te gning uy feed Ka he Maye tam for Quo). Pepe en a er the pins Re felon he Pine wh ch cri se of he cfg ang which hci adi bing osc To crf und de on est ne eel eter Ache peo ped penton of hes ihe shrinel Kade Menthe te caugal ceed wil fech gen ives wi te pol Spe sal of ict geal tll bred opal ce nds, Ofc coke Sater cy certo et cf be ad ete np “hart spent ie dna ve nhs ane open open crt tose pln, ceo l pref coy Be frente ela ik deo yt cy, he ngs ned ‘Soto unc the mate atecyys The peo ep cp en eer mi gn ele eo Cig int Stn he ployee Repl sd ent om hse feu hh we ow a es isl oe Snag and electing ely (Ther ey ek oh tee sd {rw sor the pst anf soos Tees ended wi eter po ret hbo Kon, ct deposed bythe olpep and exerted hundred or mee ida, eth one enrying pennants and renching{Sanclng o art mst witha! hee coneson or alter ing in he step. The rare el stoke with the palm of the band a Forth dnd ug i souns,whichn harmony with hot of he tes Ciroupeilis) and the deums (lkles), accompanied stanzas of war hymna” Thee chante were own a Holcon Oko and Baste! Oot (war dances) by the Maya and as Cua cellaongs ofthe eagle ap ofthe Principals and war songs) by the Aztecs. ‘Daring th est ofthe Pes ele Poca, the women were excl froma solemn, sacred dane called Okotbi. Peshaps this war a dance si Tart the Aste’ etc, ip which nly the portant ffi nd rity took part On the aber hind, during the fest ofthe medicinemen nd wizards the women perform dance called Chanuryab, crying ther charms osetia on the backs. “The Maya abo had mesic: me ances of a popular character. Several isorins meston the Choon br Danes of the Fishemen. This was a fecundity Gace that tok pact around alge tee-rnk pace onthe beach maybe che Ribbon o&Maypole Dance described by Chivigero (1883, p. 269) In she est diated to Kiy-wanyeya, the yellow soreero giant sshobadhisthroneinthe south First Bre), the procesion stared toward the fel fo the south, The person was very Gxcamspet and feigned {great devotion, while on thir gum 1 the house they danced and sang [oy tothe secorpaniment af msi stamens.” This night be the eda or Coll which fe Viens Dielonary cals “Sarg (aes) spy and ripcne ‘ving the Festive dicted ro Chaclbcab the ed deity ofthe east (second Bab), "thy danced ke in the est of Kanalbacb tthe Sica the ep ofthe dance ere ciferen, They were wat’ which , These dances were sar to a tour les orate andthe words oft renowned apg, Tes Caled Hoke Oo ad Bail Ob, denc of he war dane he combat. “Another Mays dance i €'Fte Dance, possibly ste af ealletive purition, This ceremony v4 arid oa forthe furs Baca a the inning of the new Ceuae Yat, which was considered of i omen and of the greet sles. Mele Sols deeiber #35 flows: “They thin the couryand ofthe eile rua, roofed shrine mde of wood and il with dy fewoodcaely pling round the sides but Teavinga wide pace iecener oat weal be possl to walkin and tut through the various doors the hn, ike na bie. Oa topo the trea pile of firewood they mie 8 wide and comferable space where a than could stand ore down, “In the acing of burning ince and making 2offecings inthe temple, the people walked toward the great cupola of } firewood, whic seemed to invite he Fal with its wide open doors and i lvl adored walls, When all she people were miling around [tke shrine], priest ibed ro the pace prepared over he woodland | ‘gan o none plaintive chant acompanit bythe dru [onl The esses ofthe cha any} rept several ine ithe sae by, | Sounded sadly around the vue rof, Upon hearing te whining voce of the eat th fathfel began to dance, crying i their hands bundles Oy, somgrou etic, Arranging [hems] one behind the eter, the | Alances went in sid tof he hrne gestcusing nd epig rythnic flly nam interinbl le. Hour by hour the rows of dancers pres, tn ing and whiing like an immense serpent Uerpent dace. One cantor succeded nother and thetired dances were replaced by fesh oes. Thus tnt evening the dance proceeded thot interptian nd the echoes of the chants harmonized withthe monotonous and painve sounds of “Atentinide they mace aight posse inorder fo et and est, but as soma night the lite returned sth ge torches ad brands inthe hasan approaching he hie wiht devotion, thes fre to tonal ds. The anes ose uikly and soo the great woop nd the shrine Becime a age pyre. When al wat reduced 10 ashes, the mst fervent ofthe fitful contined ther dance over the ill burning ates ey woreda cll marble oor After wie they ‘ith burns nd open wounds on tei fer which hey endured with aoe. “They believed that ter burns were pleating othe idols and certain a if aria therbeevolnce nd protection again the bad omens ofthe year | Ca. Tis yne presage fang, pees, and morality, swell as Joe ofthe harvests” | Tee Thompson sti the importance of the Fre Ceremony in ‘Maya ria! (1930, p 100) quoting port of she Relmion de Vlladeid (1578). Asencio y Toledo plied in ir valeable Coleen de do | rrentas neds (VM, 1-13) several Belongs oe "Reports." Amon them we find thes From Vallado and Mri, which ned eae data fo the Fee Danes, he elon de Mia sites: “And the the world would peish by fre and cus they made a eremory and painted an ligase which sym bole the Delige.and the Er. [An over his aliator they made agent plc Frewool and set re to and when ita become ashes, they ‘one nev 9 8 2an oer it and the high prs walked barfotd over he smote “herwitht geting bene. Afervarde everyone eho wie old wal ovr the as, being tht by doing th fe would consume all often The Rela deVallade emre expe ello us hal (hy ao wed to make at extant ofthe year ret pile of Brood) an taking + proceion af many Indians who carted crane of Sond hich Borns wel Bundle ted tod th cae thew, Ieving spe fin third ean att: Sein fie othe pe, 2 gst meat big ing ener the he igo they beat wth long pole tht the eure would been Filed on the ground. (Then these pecion wa by te ih covered with wit gow wh ad any she sex intron snd wre el ne ose oie ich aay devil's fos pntd nt Fe] ee th i cleo the boring ste, which wer sbou 2 fone’ thew wide. Arvin, heck yop which was ed many rake nd patonous sept. es ing hem ina gout of he wie wich hey ed fd wh woe ed) by healt fe de herr inl come fe et and the ter. He hen hd ha ae of hi sandal po ceeded wake ener ile sprinting he with hs yop The whole prceon of Inne flowed hima th Agan walled aah the owing aes woa ning his ay bas. “The fire risl os meane of preston i very od an stil ii in may other pr ofthe wold wel as in Aes, eecilnang theTzotaesand Chamslsof the Sate of Chipain Men ASB cal sev ina Inter hpi the Antes performed nes wth fre ting the ‘sremonc dete sonal and Kishi ppl the todo re and paosof te martha or poteee ela aes cet a ele We are indebted to he Aztecs for preserving and bequcating tous the srs andpilsopic oe the pet American cieten hich pre ceded them in Anche Te Borboricus and Florentine cos of Aztecrigin fea eid forthe stay of manent cosne, masks ad potential crorengrphic ies, ard heater ihe mot camplete source hat we hg frp {es socey in geneal andthe Actes in parte, Tf formed ‘orignal rears Fred 4 he gest Jewish-Spansh scholar Pray Ber rardinadeSahaginy the surviving enbessof he Aztec priesthood, a ‘Seve hin in compiling bs monumenal Bstorie genre le cet de weoe Expata Since D. Carlor Mira Bustamante fesepablihed she rie 1930, Sskapn, who dic in 1590, neve saw fis masterpiece inprine ¢ The Englch version ofthis important manuscript, ask Asingoshed Amserican scholrr, Dr. J. 0. Anderson and Chae E Dibble, theo compechensv, ap from the drab prt vans atone of Seer nd Schultze no German an those of Caray and Léon Potato Sprish. The Codex Poreninas ia vse feast hase of nfrmatin, na only for Arnericait bt sha fo arts, designers, clogs, and chasographere ara geet and unique contrbution to tur inited knowledge fe people of erly Ameria. Te fellow guo- Inne re from Book Two, The Ceremonies,” of the Andergon and Ditble vnion,publahed in 1951 Daring the festvies of he th non, Tone ia honor f Huta och the Aztec ttle sla deity (71 sx): "Av al took tee arebrazirs—not thee plished braves In them were coals and shaving of stood Thay heaped ip aes it nd made 2 Hearth, and fied with pine branches, And itburned exceedingly “And they tak white nent and eae incense. And when Iwas he proper met ferinces, ty ad col in he incense burner and on it East the wht incense, and meet aan orig 0 Huialopochth “rThurthey fered Ki ret incesed hi, not only herent get temple but intel hooes, and he tba temple. Incase was fered ll the godt whores they 2enowleded. hn afer they had deste the re (and incense to the go shen hey coset el the earth inthe nurs “And the young wae hd ited tha ae fexthre "And they fastened thr sail paper banners to canes. (The bane er} wer painted in black nd ih what we calle sel sin “And the ich [women and gil had macro eaton blankets thus fa tena fo cane), Hkewise simary painted with soll design. And two master of youths th black pain speed on thee fs, sioed above and before the od re vessel. Occupying the leading pos ton the ered on her back pine wood eager with small apr Bante; ‘hey cared hem with amp lines which posed ony across the hey eused the women rein the dance hey anced ep {ng inthe Fashion of women. Alte women were inthe mid thee sorfiil Bans in bth, They danced and leapt abou. Ard the press also danod, fe waglled the ap nthe ror of Tosca “there were paper rotted upon the priest) foreheads; they decked their eats with white fgters And they anered honey on their ps heir ps were gleaming. They fad paper breech ut And thie ‘ck feathered staves jack feathers in the form ofa up, and a feathers. The lak feathered saves ‘Sho were cao black rin bird aves) hey we black srl dsins. And the ere arrayed in red faves are the s-lled shyth canes, baton dev tot, peneralyasocted with Fecundity and frit ries, pecially in Poles and Ocenia) "Anda inthe ban were thor wha bseated upon the ground. They bes the opright drums (the are pe, faledtalpebucuet; they st beating poard rates, they sat rating oud rater an benting crt sel ‘And al he mater ofthe youths, the young sesoned warriors, and the youths were spread out, dancing elerhere (9 dance] called 2 sexpert ance, becuse they saved bac ad Forth, and rom sets, and met teach other facet at. Tey wert holding each ether’ hands as they danced. “And aoa atm of young women danced haiag 9 vowed, 2 Pop corn dace hs thick tals of alze were the popcorn grands. And ‘hese they placed upd [the gl] heads. And he were ated, dowa 9 the high they were) Bedecked with feather. And [hese] reached up to their upper ame. Ap they went mingling with and ang those who danced ‘Of hese, was il that hey embraced, Shey enbraced one: they em braced Huitlopckl. And thet gis were very well guarded, that sone righ cove them ot avish them. And al who danced the spent dace Sere wll watched, he none might fal covetouses.” (A dt foul be made bey tinous, holding hands whe Bing, a enol dancing eenbrced on, rather, ith ars around each othe’ Shoulders waits Mina defies nal "dance of thse who 0 ‘ombraed around ter ec") Daring the eres honor of Hxtachua the salt diy, i the seventh month called Tecuitot (p86), te woman who iperson ved Huish! ys hl ted and adored. When she daned, she Tad cm er les “glen elec tls (all). the elf of hee she had bound an oot skin on which were the bells. And when she walled, ch dil sh atl, link; ge and nk “And ler only, her four snd, thal de pisces These pie sve of loose coton yarn wth Macks oF rae cotton woven in, pt is by Td. And he tosselson se sandal re inlrly of ose yore. And the ‘anal thangs aloe ofthe same loose eoton yarn. "And er shi yd wate ies [2nd fo water iy ka and Hower desig, or] ef the hide), and was hg fl with yellow parrot feather perdons. And the yellow part Feather pendaats were nde (into ses ike locust beads (made of) eagle feather and eagle db, and ext [pcs of] qutzal feat opal feather}, and the red land yellow wing Feathers ofthe pacrn) named ites tif painted with arewxllot andthe shield as] sim with + cre of yellow part feathers. "When sh danced, sh swung the shield around; as swung ia 2 side And he reds was ang with paper, pater with rubber ithad rubber In thee places it had vse ie flowers nd hee the vase wes was ingenee, On cach ofthe thee were frssed feathers. When ddnce vas hel, she walked leaning oni and trating into he ground; She went marlin the dance chythe whi.” (Obvious thi was econ ity with he sta symbolizing the ingam. Torque mensions Book Vip 202) thatthe wns and dance ofthis month, Teuton, were of love and avet sore") ‘An for gaye thy sng ant dancd] inthe manner f women. Al gathered together ond took tec places, the sl prope and he saltmakers pe od women he mitre wore the maidens, and maidens recently nator "While yetghere wa on, while it ye shone, then they began to dance. “They went sang in order, cal in is ple, in rows tay ld one anaes with goed, called flower cord and thus wensteched out i ie, wen wh wervood ower placed upan ter heads, ‘Andtey wensingng, ergng ot loudly, singing na very high treble [Asthecetzont bird tar [i ong, 50 was) her song Like a bel thee vices (ang ou “And oh oes of] Hixon wet in the is of ber went iit fest orrarent wei an oldman care inhi ems. ‘And this formant) wa called Huot balan plumage. “nd for the likens of) Huixtochun! es song the women's sng every dy uni alten days had ben reached And when he teh ay ad ome to pas, hat nigh she began he vig They seg Cand danced all night. Thus they ped the ight in il “The felon passage frm the sae sour (p. 98) ge us colorful dccripion of the Festvterf the eighth nth, led Ue eculbil, the Great Fes ofthe Lore for Xaver “nd unl the time that the Feat Day’ ofthe Lords cae, upon every ay there wat song. When singing and dancing bean [twas] tvard ening. when only litlson shone, Thereupon fre was inthe brzies; flame was pat onthe brie nd the bracers were arrange and ordered ins rows, ain ech sen Beforerow thee wer en frasies) an (e ed each wa lls es ip rAd thereupon all went fort fom the hue of song (excell, coming singing ond daring. Between [pts of ren] came the worsen ge women, halt, chown—piked ot et part. Ad thy went tthe, they went taking by the hands the honored ones—he Young he fins the adr ofthe young men, and those with shom hi, the Oto Sd the ablemea [rot wars. Thee last] were nt arranged in oder; ‘teh om fee wl sy peed thenecives near he others “nd chy wee the women aang and edight al good were the skies and shies which they had put en, OF tei sks, seme had [sins of bears, same wee [ombridere witha rat design ike bid’ lard, ome were ormmened ke covert, sme had spiral ola (sigs), ae were of lin ne weave, Alla border and frngsall [he Women swore rt with borders. “And thir skirt some had brown [steamer] harging, some had smoke symbols, same he ack streamer] hanging, sme bad house de ‘Sis, soe a ish [ters] sone were phn, ne weave. And the eck opengl were al arg, ad hee bade were ao Sen and wide eerAnd when they danced, they unbound thee hair their ai covered ther lke losk. Bt chey brought bras oftheir har across thee fore Inds, Ad they were not decked with Feather, nether were dhe faces red wth pit. “Aid hae wre bedecke the chicas: tei aay consisted of the cloak of neting. And the brave warrior, they who fad raw ip lugs, they had white net oaks wih shes set in fish pares. (These were Called thr vermilion net cloaks. Ard all the wen, whether leaders of Souths, or yout, hdony bac net cla, ll with eee the bode nd al had trqooe [er pgs], And those who lead oly bell-shaped cr plage And hose who ad ‘bal shaped ear pgs, aloha ip plgs Sore were ie ad, se ke ogy, some Iie a bond leafed water plan, some rectangular. Ard the Souths who alady wore [the] fit lang din token of war exploits) bad Tp plugs ich were ound. And ale fthers who were only yous only cular lps, which they set in place ‘And th des ofthe youths bore breast plates mae of sal, white sea sll And tote wth shor hi, dhe Oto, wore thee nek bands ‘th round pendants, Thee were sell And Jor watt fathoms thik; fommone were provided1 bird-formed lip plug; andthe Otom were decked with ip plagé ‘ne ke the broad lea of 3 water pine ‘And those who wer dlgent oe leader the youths Boog real seashell uc bardy ll clear and lipid, And the lower dss the tenses common shall eh for ter neck bands, ich were ‘yellow, not ae and not very cay ‘Apd those who bad taken captives, the lenders ofthe youth, cmd shoulder devices nthe for ofr They cried them up treads. And the eptins carved pon ther shoulders Uormed ike] tes, ed in hee plc with eagle feather tersbound with clot ska. And tthe bate hey were wound in hee se wth red ing. ‘Ad some aed up quetal feathers inthe for of com sik; some se heron feather orraman; some setup th head plage in bird oy some the device made of diverse qoezal fathers. ‘Ane oon he ps, up thfes, they pce hooves, ral deer ves-Andthe thong wat of al deen, ct thin, ct int narrow tips Ang thas were they variously pained Some placed back tain pon ‘cheeks callebladeehek ste nda pte pan tgs "some had blac [sgl pon cr orchens, ins band) fom eat ar wehich was called blak seat" they alu pied yt to "ome extended a blk (srpe ald" plaster of rubber to thie sand ali wasspeiated wth pyrite. ‘Ad thas was the ai shor All were shorn ke young warts they, ll were shorn alle inthe manne ef young wars: Ane these ad thei temples dosely copped, were wll shaven down, fell ‘ed lean witha sharp pier af torte sl. And they apleé yellow “to thee (remain) har they colored it thecal of ize No Ae thereupon, when they dane, thy cased before them forbs, re brands, which famed with ch ceiling and hissing. And 2s ried they, the lees ofthe youths [wert] squating Because oF burden, asf cunning sth tig ent. And he resin at ref tug drops, andthe ve coal seatered and fll ne by one. Art the sre pine wod fell by bit othe ground ‘Ad along the ses the lighting war aly fom fie nes eld in the They wh gave Hight were youths wh ad ated vent dys. They spread out inal, angeé onthe sd, On oe side were those of and on the otberside were chose of Tian. And they did ot dnc; ty oly oe thingy nk proved Ar sey “econ gean tap or wach on perl; th ofc rte at {heat roe mit Sonor woman; tn none mit lnk, pon 9 Srna st an mie ith oT anyone eee only iment png i be jo ext day oro ap nthe ped hime They Beat He ah amin pine gh, Very, hye im or ed ‘A heal wre Gog, meine Mocs etl ame toch dane, ned sont ee ro ork. Ony ew fi. . ‘Rd hase ight gin ine when hy dan thy Hel a ether by trary gre byt ds Si peda: nd tushy hp ont sa gh Uke deste cer eth fee And ey i tated a ey pu byte Ser, proeing among a) eye eka oh amona the rer 0 ores. When th a recede lh iu), erty hed a ee {whens thy dt nd wien al cs ready as late at Be for a del ynsilt sleep, when one nod today {thi would be at about the ‘nth Hoar “And wen ll ad stopp when the gound dt wat undone, hen all ipod all wert al betook themscvest thee homes, The get ree, when yas dae, were accompanied by torch, they went ted by torches, care for them, t thle home. “Aad the worn who bad danced thon were ase, fig there had dance, and they Ted them if Even 20 wae de mith the leaders ofthe youths. They gathered [tke women] ogee, uoupe hen, rounded them up, place then topether, asenbled the, hanged them act let they might goof somewhere st someone might scappeny then, Tet some debaeched youth migh go wit one ofthe.” sist oo te arene Case (1981 9.97), nan {eho waiter lnc Gey fang on der Sapanct inten, Tras cl soe pp ad fers che Pon he paper pwd oe, ng elt for of eed ore ck Ei Merc pedo may aig rut Sevres tcc rn ements Fc an shit ee Hy {Saves an ten ea. She woe pay en camisole Sai Hest hee ik re ceding ce ‘etree wet dors a hd a ia eiyduyhwei rng snes went mat he wna Vigkws lap gee aed erent enhg hypo woe roel Sep Tey eget Le ‘Sein toa Gol, Chapr 27): "Te meno er ng the cme et aig wert rn td yh es fr a cat infront) fh {Th Cae wh tn) ae ad tr a sg Fred, pti neve). Th pt lake ed theta of ie ero pou Thy] wer cre hte) ah else sd ve hy mee ed [nese ps ory yma ota fen ony aed Teeth," Powe OF thee Car sts tht foe wee xg 35.