Fieldwork 2 - Taping and Pace Factor Determination

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY – DASMARIÑAS
Civil Engineering Department

CESURV2L: FUNDAMENTALS OF SURVEYING - FIELDWORK
LABORATORY REPORT
NAME: GROUP:
SECTION: DATE:
FIELDWORK NO. 2
TAPING AND PACE FACTOR
DETERMINATION
I. INTRODUCTION
IS PACE FACTOR A BEST ALTERNATIVE WAY IN MEASURING LONG DISTANCE? DOES

IT HELP US? ACCORDING TO THE RESEARCH, "PACE FACTOR (P.F.) IS DEFINED AS
THE RATIO OF THE MEASURED DISTANCE IN THE NUMBER OF PACES MADE BY AN
INDIVIDUAL TO COVER THE MEASURED DISTANCE". HOW DOES IT HELP US IN
SURVEYING? THE MODULE DEFINES SURVEYING AS THE STUDY OF LOCATING MAN-
MADE AND NATURAL FEATURES ON OR UNDER THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH IN
THREE DIMENSIONS. IN ENGINEERING, PRECISION IS CRUCIAL. BUT WHAT IF
ENGINEERS ARE IN PLACES WITHOUT FANCY GEAR? THAT'S WHEN SIMPLE
METHODS LIKE TAPING AND PACE FACTOR COME TO THE RESCUE. THESE
TECHNIQUES ARE OFTEN OVERLOOKED, BUT THEY'RE ESSENTIAL WHEN ENGINEERS
NEED TO MEASURE, MAP, AND BUILD IN CHALLENGING SITUATIONS. THEY'RE NOT
ONLY PRECISE BUT ALSO FLEXIBLE, VERSATILE, AND BUDGET-FRIENDLY. THEY HELP
ENGINEERS WITH PROJECTS LIKE REMOTE INFRASTRUCTURE AND DISASTER
RELIEF. TAPING AND PACE FACTOR PROVE THAT IN ENGINEERING, SOLUTIONS CAN
BE FOUND EVEN IN TOUGH CONDITIONS.
THE RATIO OF THE MEASURED DISTANCE TO THE NUMBER OF STEPS A PERSON HAS
TO TAKE TO CROSS THE CALCULATED DISTANCE IS KNOWN AS THE PACE FACTOR,
ACCORDING TO STUDY. PACING INCREASED ENGINEERING PRODUCTIVITY SINCE IT
STILL ALLOWS US TO CALCULATE DISTANCE WITHOUT THE NEED FOR SPECIALIST
TOOLS. WHEN AN INSTRUMENT IS NOT AVAILABLE, PACING CAN STILL PROVIDE THE
NECESSARY DATA. TO DETERMINE PACE FACTOR THERE IS A COMPUTATION FOR
THAT WHICH NEEDED TO ACQUIRE THE STEPS OF THE PERSON.
IN CONCLUSION, INDIVIDUAL PACE FACTOR MEASUREMENT OFFERS A PRACTICAL

AND EFFECTIVE APPROACH TO LONG-DISTANCE MEASUREMENT, ESPECIALLY WHEN
ADVANCED EQUIPMENT IS NOT AVAILABLE. BY ADHERING TO THE PRINCIPLES OF
WALKING NATURALLY AND STAYING ON A STRAIGHT COURSE, WE CAN ACHIEVE
RELIABLE RESULTS AND MINIMIZE ERRORS IN OUR MEASUREMENTS.
LABORATORY REPORT
.
LABORATORY REPORT
II. OBJECTIVES
This activity aims to:
1. Introduce the students in measuring a distance using tape measure and pacing.
2. determine the individual pace factor of student.
3. to measure a distance by pacing.
LEARNING OUTCOMES (LOs) COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLOs)

At the end of the activity, the students should be
able to: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1. Demonstrate the procedure of taping and
● ● ● ●
pacing a distance
2. Determine their individual pace factor ● ● ● ●
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLOs)
1. Apply the basic surveying concepts, principles and theories on distance and angular
measurements as well as area computation.
2. Conduct fieldwork exercises tp measure the distances and angles/direction leading towards the
determination of areas and elevations and report the results in an organized manner.
3. Recognize the importance of various team member’s roles and cite examples of team
behaviors that are helpful in the implementation of the fieldwork exercise.
4. Write a neat and orderly field report detailing the results and analyses of the fieldwork study.
5. Apply the basic surveying concepts, principles and theories on stadia and topographic surveying as well as
subdivision of lots.
6. Utilize modern surveying equipment such as the total station and handheld GPS in obtaining
vertical and horizontal distances, angles, and coordinates.
7. Conduct fieldwork exercises in laying out horizontal curves and report the results in an
organized manner.
8. Utilize modern surveying equipment and software such as the total station and surveying
calculator software in obtaining vertical and horizontal distances, angles, and coordinates
APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT

1. 2-range pole
2. 1-plastic/steel tape
III. PROCEDURE
A. To determine the individual pace factor.

1. Lay a 50 m distance on the ground using a tape measure, then drive a hub at either end or mark
the ground.
2. Count the number of paces necessary by starting at the first point and moving forward
naturally until you reach the second point.
3. Up to ten times, repeat step 2.
4. Calculate the ten paces' average.
5. To calculate the pace factor, divide the 50-meter distance by the calculated average pacing.
B. To measure a distance by pacing.
1. Using a tape measure, mark the ground 50 meters away, then drive a hub to each end or
leave a mark on the ground.
2. Count the number of paces by moving from the starting point up to the second point
3. Repeat step two up to five times.
4. Calculate the mean of the 5 paces.
5. The pace factor, calculated in Letter A, is multiplied by the average pace. The product is the
distance of the two points.
6. To calculate the individual percent error, divide the difference between the distances measured by
pacing and taping by the distance measured by taping. Then, multiply the result by 100.
7. If the error is larger than 3%, carry out the procedure again until it is below that mark.
8. Enter the data in the corresponding field.
LABORATORY REPORT
Tools
Draw and label
Equipment Setup
Draw and label
LABORATORY REPORT
LABORATORY REPORT
IV. DATA AND RESULTS
A. To determine the individual pace factor.

Trial Number of paces
10
LABORATORY REPORT
LABORATORY REPORT
Average Pacing: Measured

Distance: Pace Factor:
B. To measure a distance by pacing.
Trial Number of Paces

1
2
3
Average Pacing: Distance

by Pacing: Distance by
Taping: Percent Error:
LABORATORY REPORT
LABORATORY REPORT
LABORATORY REPORT
V. PHOTO DOCUMENTATION

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY – DASMARIÑAS

Civil Engineering Department

IS PACE FACTOR A BEST ALTERNATIVE WAY IN MEASURING LONG DISTANCE? DOES

IN CONCLUSION, INDIVIDUAL PACE FACTOR MEASUREMENT OFFERS A PRACTICAL

LEARNING OUTCOMES (LOs) COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLOs)

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES (CLOs)

APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENT

A. To determine the individual pace factor.

IV. DATA AND RESULTS

A. To determine the individual pace factor.

Average Pacing: Measured

B. To measure a distance by pacing.

Trial Number of Paces

Average Pacing: Distance

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