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    Ghulam Mohammad (1951 1955)

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    Ghulam Mohammad served as Governor General of Pakistan from 1951 to 1955. During his time, he oversaw the establishment of key development plans and organizations but also faced challenges including drought, food shortages, and constitutional crises. He dismissed Prime Minister Khwaja Nazimuddin in 1953 and replaced him with Mohammad Ali Bogra, but later had a power struggle with Bogra, dissolving the assembly in 1954 and imposing emergency rule.

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    Ghulam Mohammad (1951 1955)

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    zain
    50 views11 pages
    Ghulam Mohammad served as Governor General of Pakistan from 1951 to 1955. During his time, he oversaw the establishment of key development plans and organizations but also faced challenges including drought, food shortages, and constitutional crises. He dismissed Prime Minister Khwaja Nazimuddin in 1953 and replaced him with Mohammad Ali Bogra, but later had a power struggle with Bogra, dissolving the assembly in 1954 and imposing emergency rule.

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    Ghulam Mohammad served as Governor General of Pakistan from 1951 to 1955. During his time, he oversaw the establishment of key development plans and organizations but also faced challenges including drought, food shortages, and constitutional crises. He dismissed Prime Minister Khwaja Nazimuddin in 1953 and replaced him with Mohammad Ali Bogra, but later had a power struggle with Bogra, dissolving the assembly in 1954 and imposing emergency rule.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    50 views11 pages

    Ghulam Mohammad (1951 1955)

    Uploaded by

    zain
    Ghulam Mohammad served as Governor General of Pakistan from 1951 to 1955. During his time, he oversaw the establishment of key development plans and organizations but also faced challenges including drought, food shortages, and constitutional crises. He dismissed Prime Minister Khwaja Nazimuddin in 1953 and replaced him with Mohammad Ali Bogra, but later had a power struggle with Bogra, dissolving the assembly in 1954 and imposing emergency rule.

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    of 11

    GHULAM MOHAMMAD (1951 – 1955)

    MIAN SAAD AHMED


    GHULAM MOHAMMAD – OCTOBER 1951

     After death of Liaquat Ali Khan, Ghulam Mohammad became the 3rd
    Governor General of Pakistan
     He was first the Finance Minister
     Khwaja Nizamudin became the Prime Minister
    GHULAM MOHAMMAD

     WORK
    - Positive
    - Negative
    POSITIVE WORK:

     In 1950 a planning commission was set up for the development in Pakistan


     In 1951 a Six year plan was announced (agriculture, fuel, power, industry, mining,
    transport and social uplift etc)
     In 1953 a planning board was set up to review development in the country and draft a
    five year plan in 1956
     In 1952 a major jute plant was set up (East Pakistan)
     Sui gas exploration- Balochistan
    NEGATIVE WORK:

     From 1951-1953 a severe drought occurred in Pakistan


     Affected food production
     Food shortages
     Rioting in cities
     International demand for Jute also declined (after Korean war)
     Meaning less money when more was needed
     People were protesting against Ahmedis (wanted dismissal of all Ahmedis from the
    office)
    CONSTITUTIONAL MATTERS

     The basic principles committee revised its unpopular clauses ( Issued first in Sept 1950) after two
    years.
     Report issued on December 22, 1952
    Its proposals included:
    - Muslim head of the state
    - House of Units (6o members from each wing)
    - House of People (200 members from each wing)
    - Representation for minorities at National / Provincial level
    - Cabinet is to be responsible to NA and not the Head of the State
    - An Islamic committee to be formed to ensure Islamic laws (by the head of the state)
    - Matter of Official language to be resolved by the Assembly
    CRITICISM TO THE PROPOSALS

     The criticism to the proposals of basic principles committee:


     A lot of criticism
     Bengalis were unsatisfied
     Matter of official language was still undecided
     Food shortages
    DISMISSAL OF KHWAJA NAZIMUDDIN

     On 17 April 1953 Ghulam Mohammad dismissed Khwaja Nazimuddin (reason being no


    control of economy)
     Khwwaja Nazimuddin did not resist (did not want further unrest and problems in
    country)
     New Cabinet and New Prime Minister, Mohammad Ali Bogra (previously was the
    ambassador to USA)
    MOHAMMAD ALI BOGRA (PRIME MINISTER OF PAKISTAN – APRIL 1953)

     Foreign Aid from USA (To boost economy)


     Wheat was donated by US, Canada and Australia to solve famine problem
     Set up the planning board to produce 5 year plan to avoid further food shortages
     Regional agreement Central Treaty Organization (CENTO)
     Cento would give Pakistan both money and supplies to develop its industry and economy
    THE CONSTITUTIONAL CRISIS OF 1954/1955

     Ghulam Mohammad still wanted to keep his position as the Governor General of
    Pakistan
     Still no constitution in Pakistan
     Wanted to dominate Bogra but Bogra was not willing to be as simple as he had thought
     Bogra limited the powers of the Governor General in the assembly while he was out of
    country (September 21 1954) and increased his own powers
     Made changes to PRODA
     All this was done in 15 minutes
    THE CONSTITUTIONAL CRISIS OF 1954/1955

     Ghulam Mohammad took his revenge the following week when Bogra was out of
    Pakistan
     Declared emergency and dissolved the assembly
     Made a new cabinet and then reappointed Bogra as the prime minister
     With assembly members of his own choice including Ayub Khan (commander in chief of
    army)
     Maulvi Tamizudin (speaker of the dissolved assembly) appealed in court because
    members of cabinet must be members of assembly) but eventually court gave Ghulam
    Mohammad the rights to do so.
     On 21 June elections were held for a new constituent assembly and met on 7 July 1955
     Ghulam Mohammad resigned due to Illness and was replaced by Major General Iskandar
    Mirza

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