MECHANICS OF SOLIDS-I

MODULE-2
UNIFORM SHEARING & BEARING
STRESSES
PROF. DR. MOHAMMAD ASHRAF
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, UET PESHAWAR
2 CONTENTS
• Uniform Shearing Stress
• Single Shear
• Double Shear
• Example
• Problems

• Bearing Stress
• Examples
• Problems
3 UNIFORM SHEARING STRESS
• Uniform Shear Stress: The uniform stress produced by an internal force acting parallel to
the resisting area is known as shear stress. In case of shear stress, the internal force
vector and the area vector are perpendicular to each other. V

• Shear stress is also known as tangential stress.

• Mathematically, the uniform shear stress is: τ = V/A A

• Examples of uniform shearing stress are:

• Stress in bolts/rivets connecting two plates (Lap Joint or Butt Joint)
V
• Stress produced in plate during punching of hole.
4 UNIFORM SHEARING STRESS
• Single Shear: when the member resists shear force
on single shear area, it is said to be in single shear,
e.g. in case of lap joint, the bolts connecting the two
plates are in single shear.
τ = P/Ab where Ab is the area of bolt
• Double Shear: when the member resists shear force
on double shear area, it is said to be in double
shear, e.g. in case of butt joint, the bolts connecting
the two plates are in double shear.
τ = P/2Ab where Ab is the area of bolt
5 UNIFORM SHEARING STRESS
Example-01: Calculate shear stress in rivet of diameter 1.0“ connecting two plates (4“ x
1/2“) subjected to a load P = 20 kips as shown in figure.

Solution: Shear force resisted by rivet, V = P = 20 kips

Area of Rivet, A = π/4(d)2 = π/4(1.0)2 = 0.785 in2
Shear Stress, τ = V/A = 20/0.785 = 25.48 ksi
6 UNIFORM SHEARING STRESS
Example-02: Calculate shear stress in rivet of diameter 1.0“ connecting two plates (4“ x
1/2“) subjected to a load P = 20 kips as shown in figure.

P/2
P

P/2

Solution: Shear force resisted by rivet, V = P = 20 kips

Area of Rivet, A = π/4(d)2 = π/4(1.0)2 = 0.785 in2
Shear Stress, τ = V/2A = 20/(2x0.785) = 12.74 ksi
7 UNIFORM SHEARING STRESS
Example-03: Calculate shear stress produced when a hole of diameter 50 mm is punched
through a 10 mm thick plate with a punching load P = 40 kN as shown in figure.

Solution: Shear force, V = P = 40 kN = 40,000 N

Shear Area, A = πdt = π x 50 x 10 = 1571 mm2
Shear Stress, τ = V/A = 40,000/1571 = 25.46 N/mm2 = 25.46 MPa
8 PROBLEMS: SHEARING STRESS
Problem 116: As in figure, a hole is to be punched of a plate having a shearing strength of 40 ksi.
The compressive stress in the punch is limited to 50 ksi.
a) Compute the maximum thickness of plate from which a hole 2.5 in. in diameter can be
punched
b) If the plate is o.25 in. thick, determine the diameter of the smallest hole that can be
punched.
Solution:
Shear Strength of Plate = τPlate = 40 ksi
Limiting stress of Punch = σPunch = 50 ksi
a) Diameter of Punch Hole, d = 2.5 in.
Maximum punching force = P = σPunch Apunch = 50 x π (2.5)2/4 = 245.4 kips
Now, Punching stress, τPlate = V/A = P/(π d t)
=> t = P/(τ π d) = 245.4/(40 x π x 2.5) = 0.781 in.
9 PROBLEMS: SHEARING STRESS
Problem 116 Cont..):
b) Thickness of plate to be punched, t = 0.25 in.
Maximum punching force = P = σPunch Apunch = 50 x π (d)2/4 = 39.27(d)2 kips
Now, Punching stress, τPlate = V/A = P/(π d t)
=> 40 = P/(π d t) = 39.27(d)2 /(π d x 0.25) = 50 d
=> d = 40/50 = 0.80 in.
10 PROBLEMS: SHEARING STRESS
Problem 118 : A 200-mm-diameter pully is prevented from rotation relative to a 60 mm diameter
shaft by a 70 mm long key as shown in figure. If a torque T = 2.2 kN-m is applied to the shaft,
determine the width b, if the allowable shearing stress in the key is 60 MPa.
Solution:
Diameter of shaft, d = 60 mm
Length of key, L = 70 mm
Torque applied on shaft, T = 2.2 kN-m = 2.2 x 106 N-mm
Allowable shear stress in key, τ = 60 MPa
Width of Key, b = ?
From the diagram, Let V is the shear force resisted by key.
Taking moment equilibrium about the center of shaft, ΣM = 0
=> V x d/2 –T = 0 => V x (60/2) = = 2.2 x 106
=> V = 73,333 N = 73.33 kN
11 PROBLEMS: SHEARING STRESS
Problem 118 (Cont..):
Now the shear stress in key is:
τ = V/A = V/(L x b)
=> b = V/(70 x τ) = 73,333/(70 x 60)
=> b = 17.46 mm
12 PROBLEMS: SHEARING STRESS
Problem 119 : Compute the shearing stress in the pin at B for the member supported as shown in
figure. The pin diameter is 20 mm.
Solution:
To compute shear stress in the pin at B, we need to first compute reactions at support B.
Resolve applied force 40 kN into its rectangular components and
applying equilibrium conditions:
ΣFX = 0 => 32.77 – BX = 0 => BX = 32.77 kN
ΣMC = 0 => BY x 250 + 22.94 x 250 + 31.77 x 200 = 0
=> BY = -48.36 kN
So resultant reaction at support B is, RB =(Bx2 + By2)1/2
=> RB = (32.772 + 48.362)1/2 = 58.32 kN
Now the shear stress in pin is, τ = V/2A (double shear)
τ = V/2A = 58.32/(2 π (20)2/4) = 92.82 MPa
13 PROBLEMS: SHEARING STRESS
Problem 121 : Referring to figure, compute the maximum force P that can apply by the machine
operator if the shearing stress in the pin at B and the axial stress in the control rod at C are
limited to 4000 psi and 5000 psi respectively. The diameters are 0.25 in for the pin and 0.50 in for
the rod. Assume single shear for the pin at B.
Solution:
τpin ≤ 4000 psi, σrod ≤ 5000 psi
dpin =0.25 in, drod = 0.50 in.
Resolving Tension in rod into its rectangular components,
and applying equilibrium conditions:
ΣMB = 0 => P x 6 –T sin(10) x 2 = 0 => T = 17.276 P (a)
ΣFX = 0 => Tcos10 – BX = 0=> BX = 0.9848 T
ΣMC = 0 => P x 8 – BY x 2 = 0 => BY = 4P
Shear force in pin is, V = (Bx2 + By2)1/2 = [(0.9848T)2 + (4P)2]1/2 (b)
14 PROBLEMS: SHEARING STRESS
Problem 121 (Cont..):
Putting value of T from equation (a) into equation (b)
V = [(0.9848T)2 + (4P)2]1/2 = [(17.013P)2 + (4P)2]1/2 = 17.477 P
Now limiting shear stress in pin, τ = V/A (single shear)
=> 4000 = 17.477 P/(π (0.25)2/4)
=> P = 11.23 lb
Now limiting axial stress in rod, σ = T/A
=> 5000 = 17.276P/ /(π (0.5)2/4) from equation (a)
=> P = 56.83 lb
To limit both stress simultaneously, least value of P should be selected,
P = 11.23 lb
15 BEARING STRESS
• Bearing Stress: A type of normal compressive stress induced at the connection between
two bodies, i.e. when one body bear on another body. Examples are:
• Stress produced in foundation soil at the foundation-soil interface due to load of the building.
• Stress produced at the wall-beam interface when a beam is bearing (resting) on wall.
• Stress produced in a plate bearing against the bolt/rivet.
16 BEARING STRESS
Example-01: Determine the bearing stress developed at the interface of bolt and left plate.
Diameter of bolt is 3/4 inch and thickness of the left and right plates are and 1/2 inch and
3/8 inch respectively.

Solution: The bearing area at the interface of bolt and left plate is,
Ab = d x t = (3/4) x (1/2) = 0.375 in2
For the left plate, the bearing load is, P = 10 kips
The bearing stress is, σb = P/Ab = 10/0.375 = 26.67 ksi
17 BEARING STRESS
Example-02: Determine the bearing stress developed in the foundation below the bearing
plate (200 mm x 200 mm). The bearing plate is supporting a load, P = 100 kN

Solution: The bearing area at the interface of bearing plate and foundation is,
Ab = 200 x 200 = 40,000 mm2
Bearing load is, P = 100 kN
The bearing stress is, σb = P/Ab = 100,000/40,000 = 2.50 MPa
18 PROBLEMS: BEARING STRESS
Problem 126: The lap joint shown in figure is fastened by 4, 3/4 in. diameter rivets. Calculate the maximum
safe load P that can be applied if the shearing stress in the rivets is limited to 14 ksi and the bearing stress
in the plate is limited 18 ksi. Assume applied load is uniformly distributed among the four rivets.
Solution:
Diameter of rivet, d = 3/4 in.
τrivet ≤ 14 ksi, σplate ≤ 18 ksi
Load resisted by single rivet is P/4
Limiting shearing stress in rivet, τ = V/A => 14 = (P/4)/ π (0.75)2/4
=> P = 24.74 kips
Limiting bearing stress in plate, σ = Px/Ab = (P/4)/(d x t) => 18 = (P/4)/(0.75 x 7/8)
=> P = 47.25 kips
To limit both stress simultaneously, least value of P should be selected,
P = 24.74 kips
19 PROBLEMS: BEARING STRESS
18 shows the nominal depth of secton.

Problem 128: A W18x86 beam is riveted to a W24x117 girder by a connection as shown in figure.
The diameter of the rivet is 7/8 in. and the angles are 4x3½x3/8. For each rivet, assume that the
allowable shear and bearing stresses are 15 ksi and 32 ksi respectively. Find the allowable load
on the connection.
Girder is big beam , on above which small beams are placed.but
Solution: atual is 18.39-nominl means lag bag 18".

No. of rivets on beam = 4 (double shear)

No. of rivets on girder = 8 (single shear, both sides)
Diameter of rivet = d = 7/8 in. = 0.875 in.
Thickness of Beam Web, tB = 0.480 in.
Thickness of Girder Web, tG = 0.550 in.
Thickness of angle section, tL = 3/8 in. = 0.375 in
Allowable shearing stress, τ = 15 ksi
Allowable bearing stress, σb = 32 ksi
20 PROBLEMS: BEARING STRESS
Problem 128 (Cont..):
As there are 4 double shear rivets in beam and 8 single shear rivets in girder, the shear
resistance of both sets of rivets are same, therefore:
P = V = τ x A = 15 x 8 (π (0.875)2/4) = 72.16 kips
For bearing on beam (4 bearing area),
P = σb x A = 32 x 4 (d t) = 32 x 4 (0.875 x 0.480) = 53.76 kips
For bearing on angle section (8 bearing area),
P = σb x A = 32 x 8 (d t) = 32 x 8 (0.875 x 0.375) = 84.0 kips
For bearing on girder (8 bearing area),
P = σb x A = 32 x 8 (d t) = 32 x 8 (0.875 x 0.550) = 123.2 kips
Selecting least value, P = 53.76 kips
So this connection can transfer maximum of 53.76 k load.
21 PROBLEMS: BEARING STRESS
Problem 129: A 7/8 in. diameter bolt having a diameter at the root of the threads of 0.731 in., is used to fasten two
timbers together as shown in figure. The nut is tightened to cause a tensile stress of 18 ksi in the bolt. Compute the
shear stress in the head of the bolt and in the threads. Also determine the outside diameter of the washers if their
inside diameter is 9/8 in. and the bearing stress is limited to 800 psi.
Solution:
This washer is placed to
Diameter of bolt, db = 7/8 in. = 0.875 in. avoid bearing of bolt on
wood and save of bolt to
Diameter of bolt at roots of thread, dT = 0.731 in. enter to wood.it distribute
stress on large area.
Tensile stress in bolt, σbolt = 18 ksi
σbearing ≤ 800 psi On tighting bolt has he tensile strenght.

Thickness of head, TH = 1/2 in. = 0.5 in.

Thickness at threads, TT = 5/8 in. = 0.625 in.
Inside diameter of Washer, Di = 9/8 in. = 1.125 in.
Shear Stress in Head, τH = ?
Shear Stress in Thread, τT = ?
Outside diameter of Washer, Do = ?
22 PROBLEMS: BEARING STRESS
Problem 129 (Cont..):
Tensile force in bolt, P = σb x Ab = 18 x π (0.875)2/4 = 10.824 kips
Shear stress in Head,
τH = V/A = P/(π db TH) = 10.824/(π x 0.875 x 0.5) = 7.875 ksi
Shearing stress in thread,
τT = V/A = P/(π dT TT) = 10.824/(π x 0.731 x 0.625) = 7.541 ksi
Now the bearing stress at the interface of washer and timber is:
σbearing = P/A = P / Abearing => Abearing = 10824/800 = 13.53 in2
Now bearing area is Ab = π (Do2 -Di2)/4 = 13.53
=> Do2 –Di2 = (13.53 x 4/ π) = 17.227 in
=> Do = (17.227 + 1.1252)1/2 = 4.30 in