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8 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows a circuit.

Fig. 8.1

(i) State the name of component X.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The potential difference (p.d.) across component Y is measured with a voltmeter.

On Fig. 8.1, draw the symbol for the voltmeter and its connections to the circuit. [1]

(iii) The electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery is 12 V.

Component Y has a resistance of 400 Ω.

In a brightly lit room, the resistance of component X is 350 Ω.

1. Calculate the current in the circuit.

current = ......................................................... [2]

2. Calculate the p.d. across component Y.

p.d. = ......................................................... [1]

(iv) In a dark room, the resistance of component X is very large.

State the effect this will have on the p.d. across component Y.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Suggest a practical use for component X.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 7]
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8 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows a conducting object A, initially uncharged, held on an insulating stand. The
positively charged rod B is brought close to object A.

charged rod B + conducting

+ object A
+
+
+ insulating stand

Fig. 8.1

(i) On Fig. 8.1, draw the distribution of charges on object A. [2]

(ii) A wire is connected from object A to earth.

State and explain any movement of charge.

statement ..........................................................................................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) There is a current in a wire of 0.65 mA for 2.2 minutes.

Calculate the charge that flows.

charge = ........................................................ [3]

[Total: 7]

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9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows a magnet on the end of a spring and a coil of wire connected to a sensitive
centre-zero galvanometer. The magnet can move freely through the coil.

spring

coil of wire
N

centre-zero
galvanometer

Fig. 9.1

(i) The magnet is pulled down and released.

Describe and explain what happens to the needle of the sensitive galvanometer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [4]

(ii) The magnet is replaced with a stronger magnet.

State the effect of using a stronger magnet on what happens to the needle of the
galvanometer.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(b) A step-up transformer is used to step up the output voltage of a power station from 25 000 V
to 400 000 V for transmission along power lines.

The number of turns on the secondary coil is 36 000.

Calculate the number of turns on the primary coil.

number of turns = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]

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10 (a) Name the logic gate shown in Fig. 10.1. ..............................................................

Fig. 10.1
[1]

(b) Fig. 10.2 shows a combination of logic gates.

input I output O

Fig. 10.2

Complete the right-hand column of Table 10.1, the truth table for the combination of logic
gates. You may use the blank column for your working.

Table 10.1

input I output O

1
[2]

(c) An electrical device has a metal case.

Explain the benefit of earthing the metal case.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(d) (i) Explain how a fuse protects a circuit.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(ii) The current in an electric kettle connected to the mains through a fuse is 10 A.

Fuses with the following ratings are available.

3A 9A 10 A 13 A 30 A

Circle the correct fuse rating for this appliance and explain your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 9]

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7 This question is about the magnetic fields around bar magnets. Fig. 7.1 shows two positions used
by a student doing an experiment.

position 1 position 2

Fig. 7.1

(a) Fig. 7.2 shows a magnet, labelled magnet 1, placed on position 1.

magnet 1 position 2

S N

Fig. 7.2

On Fig. 7.2, draw lines to show the pattern of the magnetic field produced by magnet 1.
Place arrows on the lines to show the direction of the field. [3]

(b) Magnet 1 is removed from position 1. Fig. 7.3 shows another magnet, labelled magnet 2,
placed on position 2.

position 1 magnet 2

N S

Fig. 7.3

On Fig. 7.3, draw, at the right-hand end of position 1, a line with an arrow to show the direction
of the magnetic field produced by magnet 2. [1]

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(c) Fig. 7.4 shows magnet 1 placed on position 1 and magnet 2 placed on position 2.

magnet 1 magnet 2

S N N S

Fig. 7.4

(i) State the direction of the force that the N pole of magnet 2 exerts on the N pole of
magnet 1.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Justify your answer to (c)(i).

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

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9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows a cell of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 1.5 V and a battery of e.m.f. 6.0 V
connected in series.

1.5 V 6.0 V

Fig. 9.1

Calculate the combined e.m.f. of the cell and the battery.

e.m.f. = ........................................................ [1]

(b) The combined resistance of the three resistors shown in Fig. 9.2 is 4.4 Ω.

2.0 Ω

I R

3.0 Ω

Fig. 9.2

(i) Calculate the resistance of resistor R.

resistance = ........................................................ [3]

(ii) The current I in Fig. 9.2 is 0.94 A.

Calculate the potential difference (p.d.) across the combination of resistors.

p.d. = ........................................................ [2]

[Total: 6]

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8 Fig. 8.1 shows an electrical circuit.

Y V

Fig. 8.1

(a) The light intensity at the circuit increases from dark to bright.

State any effect on the resistance of component Y.

...................................................................................................................................................

State and explain any effect on the reading of the voltmeter.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) The circuit shown in Fig. 8.2 is switched on for 2.0 min.

12 V

4.0 Ω

Fig. 8.2

The current in the 4.0 Ω resistor is 3.0 A and the magnitude of the charge on an electron is
1.6 × 10–19 C.

(i) Calculate the number of electrons that pass through the resistor each second.

number = ......................................................... [3]

(ii) Calculate the power dissipated by the resistor.

power = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]
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9 (a) Draw the symbol for:

(i) a diode

[1]

(ii) a NOT gate.

[1]

(b) (i) Fig. 9.1 shows a digital circuit.

Z
I1 O

I2

Fig. 9.1

Complete the truth table shown in Table 9.1.

Table 9.1

I1 I2 Z O

0 0

0 1

1 0

1 1
[2]

(ii) State another single gate which is equivalent to the part of the circuit between I1 and Z.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(c) Using two logic gates, design and draw a digital circuit with two inputs and two outputs which
has the truth table shown in Table 9.2.

Use either the usual logic gate symbols or correctly labelled square boxes in your diagram.

Table 9.2

input 1 input 2 output 1 output 2

0 0 0 1

0 1 1 1

1 0 1 1

1 1 1 0

[4]

[Total: 9]

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8 Fig. 8.1 shows apparatus used to charge a metal plate by induction.

positively charged
plastic rod

metal plate

lead connected
insulator
to earth

Fig. 8.1

(a) Describe and explain how the apparatus shown in Fig. 8.1 can be used to charge the metal
plate.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [4]

(b) Fig. 8.2 shows an electric circuit.

Fig. 8.2

On Fig. 8.2, draw an arrow to show the direction of flow of electrons and explain how you
determined the direction.

explanation ......................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]

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9 Fig. 9.1 shows a circuit with an alternating current (a.c.) supply, a resistor and a diode.

Fig. 9.1

The frequency of the power supply is 50 Hz.

(a) Calculate the time period (time for one complete cycle) of the a.c. supply.

time = ......................................................... [2]

(b) The peak potential difference (p.d.) across the resistor is 340 V.

p.d. / V

0
0 time / s

Fig. 9.2

On Fig. 9.2:

(i) sketch a graph to show how the p.d. across the resistor varies with time for two cycles
[2]

(ii) label the p.d. axis with the value of p.d. at the peak [1]

(iii) label the time axis with two values of time. [2]

[Total: 7]

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11 (a) Fig. 11.1 shows a solenoid connected to a battery.

solenoid

battery

Fig. 11.1

On Fig. 11.1, draw the pattern of the magnetic field inside and around the solenoid. Indicate
the direction of the magnetic field with an arrow. [3]

(b) Electrical power is transmitted at a voltage of 400 kV. A transformer reduces the voltage to
33 kV for use by heavy industry in large factories. The number of turns on the primary coil of
the transformer is 11 000.

Calculate the number of turns on the secondary coil of the transformer.

number of turns = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 5]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

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4 A washing machine is working normally with both the water heater and the motor switched on. The
washing machine is connected to the mains supply by a cable.

(a) The current in the live wire in the cable is 13 A.

State the size of the current in:

(i) the neutral wire in the cable

current in neutral wire = ......................................................... [1]

(ii) the earth wire in the cable.

current in earth wire = ......................................................... [1]

(b) The insulation on the mains cable is now damaged and, as the washing machine vibrates,
the live wire touches the metal casing.

(i) Explain how the earth wire and the fuse together prevent any more damage.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) Explain why it is the live wire into which the fuse is connected.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]

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5 EITHER

Fig. 5.1 shows a circuit that contains a direct current (d.c.) power supply, a light-dependent resistor
(LDR), two fixed resistors, M and N, and two ammeters.

ammeter 2
A
+
–
M N

A
ammeter 1

Fig. 5.1

(a) The reading on ammeter 1 is 1.6 mA.

Calculate the time taken for a charge of 7.2 C to pass through ammeter 1.

time = ......................................................... [2]

(b) Some time later, the brightness of the light incident on the LDR decreases.

Explain what happens to:

(i) the reading on ammeter 2

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) the time taken for a charge of 7.2 C to pass through ammeter 1.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 5]

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OR

Fig. 5.2 shows the symbol for an electronic circuit component.

Fig. 5.2

(a) State the name of the component shown in Fig. 5.2.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Fig. 5.3 is the diagram of a circuit that includes this component, a light-dependent resistor
(LDR) and a relay.

relay mains supply

motor

+
6.0 V
–

Fig. 5.3

The motor in Fig. 5.3 is part of the pump in a garden fountain. In the dark, the pump does not
work.

In the morning, the brightness of the light incident on the LDR increases.

(i) State what happens to the LDR.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain why the motor switches on.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 5]

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9 A filament lamp is connected to a 240 V alternating current (a.c.) mains supply.

(a) Describe how the output of an a.c. supply differs from the output of a direct current (d.c.)
supply.

Sketch two voltage–time graphs in the blank space to help your explanation.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) The lamp is rated at 60 W and is designed to be used with a 240 V supply.

(i) Calculate the current in the lamp.

current = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) Calculate the resistance of the lamp.

resistance = ......................................................... [2]

(iii) A room is lit by five of these filament lamps connected in parallel.

State two advantages of connecting the lamps in parallel rather than in series.

1. .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2. .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(iv) The five lamps in (b)(iii) are lit for an average time of 5.5 hours a day for a year. Electricity
costs $0.15 / kW h.

Calculate the cost of using these lamps for a year.

cost = ......................................................... [2]

(c) A student takes the lamp in (b) to school and connects it in a circuit using a 1.5 V cell, an
ammeter and a voltmeter. The circuit is used to determine the resistance of the lamp.

(i) In the blank space, draw the circuit diagram of the circuit used to determine the resistance
of the lamp.

[2]

(ii) The value of the resistance of the filament lamp in this circuit differs greatly from the
value calculated in (b)(ii).

State how the resistance value in this circuit differs and explain why it differs.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 15]

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5 The power supply in a circuit is made from several cells, each with the same electromotive force
(e.m.f.). The cells are connected in parallel.

(a) Explain what is meant by ‘electromotive force’.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) State one advantage of using several cells in parallel rather than a single cell as the
power supply.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) The power supply is connected in series to a resistor of resistance 4000 Ω and a thermistor.
There is a voltmeter in parallel with the resistor.

Fig. 5.1 is the circuit diagram.

4000 Ω V
power
supply

thermistor

Fig. 5.1

(i) The temperature of the thermistor increases.

Explain what happens to the reading on the voltmeter.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) The e.m.f. of the power supply is 1.5 V.

Calculate the reading on the voltmeter when the resistance of the thermistor is 8000 Ω.

reading = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]
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6 The primary coil of a transformer is connected to the mains supply. The voltage of the a.c. mains
supply is 240 V.

Fig. 6.1 is a diagram of the arrangement.

primary coil iron core

240 V

secondary coil

Fig. 6.1

(a) Explain why a voltage is produced in the secondary coil.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) There are 5600 turns on the primary coil of the transformer and 350 turns on the secondary coil.

(i) Calculate the output voltage of the transformer.

output voltage = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) The output of the transformer is connected to a 90 W filament lamp which operates at
normal brightness.

Calculate the current in the lamp.

current = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]
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8 An uncharged plastic rod is rubbed with an uncharged woollen cloth.

As a result, the rod becomes negatively charged.

(a) Explain, in terms of particles, how the rod becomes charged and state what happens to
the cloth.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Fig. 8.1 shows a metal sphere X on a plastic stand.

metal
sphere X

plastic
stand

Fig. 8.1

Explain why metals are electrical conductors and why plastics are electrical insulators.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

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(c) The negatively charged plastic rod is held above sphere X.

Fig. 8.2 shows that it does not touch the sphere.

negative rod
– – – – – – –

metal
sphere X

Fig. 8.2

(i) By drawing on Fig. 8.2, show the distribution of charge on X. [2]

(ii) An earth wire is now connected to the metal sphere as shown in Fig. 8.3.

negative rod
– – – – – – –

earth wire

Fig. 8.3

State what happens to the charges on the sphere as the earth wire is connected.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(iii) The earth wire in (ii) stays connected to the metal sphere.

Describe the distribution of charge on the sphere.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iv) The earth wire is disconnected from the sphere and then the negatively charged rod is
moved away from the sphere.

Explain what happens to the charges on the sphere as the charged rod is moved away.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(d) A second metal sphere Y is negatively charged.

There is an electric field surrounding Y.

(i) State what is meant by ‘electric field’.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Fig. 8.4 shows the negatively charged sphere Y. The negative charges are not shown.

Fig. 8.4

On Fig. 8.4, draw the pattern and mark the direction of the electric field lines surrounding
sphere Y. [3]

[Total: 15]
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