Solutions +> Sokutions axe Romog enous mixered Luo nm more bam Ame Components ants ORE Homogenous mixture means alt the compon nt mc ousbibutel seeough ove go Calin Sokute a Sokvenk a) a CLaage quamiity (email aman 4 é ution fs composed f — Bénasy 40 tae ra e Ethanol fawole $ aberbo? © etn) TodeneType 4 solution haseous wbution Cgc. solution Solid. solution iolte AGA veal Sobol G08 Leqpanol $0 bik Gas leap solk SoBrent Common exer Gos —» Mixture 6,0, ant Ny Gos > Clberofovm in Na Gas > Compbor «Ne Binpuck 0, obssolved mH? quid. > Ethanol in wake LUapiol > Clucose to Wake alizol glu tion of H, m Pot yokol > Amnallgomh Ha wk Na. goliol 7 ALloys Bear, FoneExpressing tontonbration. of So ludvon |. Mass pucontage Chi/Wi? =Monofeelzs | x 100 Amount of, wobuhe ta grarens Total mosach solion present rm 100g of s0buteon ars of soluke x00 2 Mass by sets pagel NIV) = 1 oh gosh Amount of #0euke tm gages a To bubiow mb of He = Volume giobuts, x10? dinsoksek im loon 3. volume parsombage CNN) onl peak vo bumne psotuban tum4 Pants pr mulleon( ppm) = Nod parts oll cif Total nog parva atl components tls No of paaks of solute preset: in rmtlaon (10 power ob solution 5. Moke faction (X) [Xa = aa eon Los of re componont as alkwmpon? Vp + Xped6 MoLarity « am = Mobes of bute Volume of wbutionin ® (dom No row Les of solute dumowed im l bike of luLion. uw Romges wth, amg e be temperature 7. viobality = Mokes of solute Cm) Mowe of solvent Ke pio op mates ob wets P leg aSobub lity - Tt &s Be maxtmum amount hat Com be obits obec im speutpie amoumk s0Went at Speifue Lempurature Solubility of police te Boymit ong 40 Outorle . : + Fathers oppeding 40 & Polar. so bube lsolues out ? — Nakuse of solute amabsoky ae polos solvent amd. non pobor. mluke ve non Poe ie ect oy tompuscfinne 2) Dunolution “s _ a solubulit, ? Temp T Solububity 4 Temp Ly — Ef feck of Prersure > donot fone signifccant ebbt = High bnsomproninteSly lity of 998 in oui Effect of Pressure - The soluberlaty of gas inuenses with, mucar & Pressure Lak premure of te gos bn vapous pare CP? Henay's Lom - The parte: th proportional fo mole fraction of gas CX) tn Gobution. pr pokuX ku= Hemg’s Baw tors tank ky Apu pobit: : Jotubility — Temp ku solubsltg’ 2 @ Aauake speces oo ais woesApplication of, Henay's Cars |. Psoduckuon of Corea natect beverage > Bottle ts seabed uncer dual Pressure 2. Tadecp sea diving Scuba divers ~ breathe ain at Righ P > Hoge P mucases sol ibity in N, in blood a WGendver lome to susgare perure deurccke 7 N, aekeosed tm hook neste in fovmrateon o buubbber of No mm blood which bboue copes 0 Rak ahi tncle Bimbus 3. 20) Lining bn Riak Mii ache Oe Uombde = aye digh =e - Low. Concenkc ation d Opin hhooe AnoxcaVapoua pressure of Loud state Racule's Caw- For a solution of volakle Oamd , the partial prexsune of each component be wolution & anertly proprtinnnl ty te mole faction p_=P) x Po = P2 Xr Pa av.Po pure Biapuck > =e A ceordiing palton Law ProtalePitP> oo > 2 Pim TPT y = c-¥, hte 2 Prowk = Pit Cha P? See ye ane yy amohyr Or€ mole fraction in Vapour phan ye Pe | lye Fe Protat Protal Fi av. P of pure LianeRagule’s law as a specca core of Henty fav, Ancouding t Raoult» Lan The vapous pressine of a voted orn we eae Solution us proporteonal fo mole frabon tn solemn — ppp, X, A coading 4 Henry's au ~ Te solution of gum Dawe uf one 4 component volatile ext 3g pz ku X ku becomes expel te Fw become epetal wn When Raoult q Henry's LawTdeak wlution | Obey Raowkt's Caw at ahh Lempuabune omc tomentr adiion a. i= f, x BePate 3. DitminsO — DNomx2? L D-Bnterattion > A-A amet BB intuathor n-Rexame, nz Reptawe Bromockiame , Bhatoekkome a gad Toluene % Benzen Non Edlenk sobtdvon |. Donot obey Raoules fav y ak all Lompuatine arnt oahralion 2. PraPim Pet Fs 3 DHmixdo vonnt? uA incnation $A amd B-B eknationNon toleak sordin Posubve deuiafion, > AB ce AB ond B-6 Onknoukion > DHmize Ne DNemoe VG > PP % ts Rea Er amol » Atte ? K| CS, + Acetone eS Sy + eek metkoneds Wade 20 3) mee eee Xr! « Cy CH, 29-0 4 Ne atte dencakion > A.B 2 AD anh B-B inberackion + Diemigs Ne Qvowize NE EP % phenol rAuilins LL vm +AcetdneAzectiopes Abinasy mixture raving same Composition in Legpioe amd vapour phase whe borls at vons tame Lempanins 7 Azentropes Aone 8 orp boiling pore hace pure Me ; = Components of, az eohopes cannot be separated by panne’ Omtmimum boiking az eobope- Minimum boihing apecePe uw foomed by woledinn which Show arse posubire dlevtalaor m Raorkk's Lan 2 9s% ethanol b co oe O Nlaon oe ipaled ie me gate, FOO ey Ae HA2s au C Soin 327. 4,0 by mow) wel| tolbigakve peopudies 2 Properkis "pe on P ne of rolution whirh depend only on mum be of I Rekatining Lower of Vapour Pressure Non volatile solute added. mn sotienk V-P decreor i PVP a Pune solvent P= VP 6 solution ype Pe Yi cekenk Solute ee ae , mVP* Pp = p-siP Pure cobvert ape poi) dkube OP 2\-K ny 777 Ne 5s ReLahive rae lowering, AN-P a ~) Poul gt Ee eK ™ My, Wl2. Ekevatund boibing port: > When anon volable s0lute i epee added to solvent the boing ‘al ob» ST port, solution becomes oa ‘eat vy : = thks difference m boking powmé a 38 eoterTe 2 Ekevahon f bobing pont Tempevatont Th Dib: %-Tb" 7 pa abuke weution proce racomealitg? DTy= kyr Wario? Mm KIA STb= kb™ nobel chevation Wan Mya Wee Oe ae Goublostopiecrstay cee inte Umut -KKG mat3. Depresuon feezing pomt Freezing port of Subs tame & Me Lemperadue at wih VP of Bic phose veal Arv.0 o soi phose vet When a nonvolatile solute & aoded be Solitnt the freezcng pom o olution decKe OS . rr Depremwond freezing pomé bi > TF Toke x Wy. xto0e 7 > x piluke Tem DN he 40 Cution ates Kem W)XM, er cohnte ° Ii, mck Wl, > WIE e erst! Sd So loak l ° molak de 0%. ee = ee M, sama soate Gyostople ontOnt nit he not4 Osmosis amc Osmotiz Prersure ~ he procers of plow of rohsente mo Leoukes Hrnvgh semi pumenie meninane from puse poluenk 43 npbubkon 2 OSS Spm > Nasr ak c tg adda a Posckmen& The Ryohostabe [a The prasune Bick gust stop the 4002 % solvent 2 OsaTer rene on C7 Moloney mwecRt = UERT v ine We Ry Ku VM, as assole cubes Lice Protea ee hPLType 4 so2utlon on basis sack pronsune 7 L Tpotonic solubron Taro Golatlons Rove same osmotic persue took ne DAL lm) Nall > Normat sabre sot Tone solution Gos fos osmore, ZO4ToCm/VNak > Celt swe a Hypotonie solution > ites 3: Nypuoni. wolubon 9% one wolwlaon Ras Rig osmolac Renee: 70.4% Cmlv)Nae > Ch 8: le. Reverse osrrnnsis ~~ a pressune LaX es Fram eee cnmnotic prose “& appliced & F Solution Bitte , PWre sobyek aati 3 3 a cpevme G sotukan Patovg Somiprrmedts, L PM. — pesabination of Seawater.Abrovmal mobos mors Assouration - Jt beads bo decease ww mo 4, Pr oakiches im mbukion eeanll in . decreose 4 wigan Pye cus Fea ch, (ook = (CH, (ooH) ver a OW. - 0 € ethamoce and tm benpene a fom dimer sow Mokormarr2|20 Cootmelimoten oxtrches popoctabion ~ re Leagls fe mineane be mo & P be alaben Resutlin mAe aie & ane 4, (lig ative popes as 260) ma ne e ——_ 3 Moka emaegs 34-25 Cnomak smonn 2459Yawn? t Hoff autor C2) Ze Nowmal mobos mass Dbsewed roGor mors sonsewved tbigaber PE. in ee oak ; Cablontated. wligokie PoP a8 ee aanoucalion — Dueo! =e 2) OR Mock ead Cotes od CotBig neve popentees ee ae AP ime Pe