Electro

Chemistry
Dl9TALN0-E
Prepared By Bharat
- Panchal Sir

Follow me on
UN ACADEMY :
-
Bharat Panchal Sir .. .

USE CODE -
BPANC HALLO

with love for My dear students Price . . .

Just your
,

share

Must Join
Bharat Panchal Sir . . .
Dimmitt bharal pancha 192
-

Please subscribe Bharat Panchal -

cahuf.mji sst.io'
 Electro -

Chemistry
Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry which
deals with the study of the production of electricity
from energy released during spontaneous chemical
reactions .

ELECTROLYTE
Those substance which dissociate into
ions in their
aqueous solution on
passing electricity
Anode
millime cathode are called electrolyte $ this process

I
" ' c- '
is known as electrolysis .

'
- - - - t t.
weak electrolyte strong electrolyte
-

I*Ea÷ which dissociate partially which

dissociatempiefe.ly
e.g H
coz , CHS OH HCN,
, ,
e.g NaCl HCl NaOH
Mgcl, etc ,
,
.

etc
.

DEGREE OF IONISATION :
It is the ratio of number of ions

produced to the total number of

molecules in electrolyte .

REDOX REACTION :
a chemical reaction in which reduction
(
gain geo ? $ oxidation close of eo ) both takes
place simultaneously is called Redox Reaction

(E"
smallest device which is used to convert
one form of energy into another form of energy
as a result
of redox reaction
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL electrical
"
heenheicagly
'
-
→
energy
ELECTROLYTIC Ceu :
electrical chemical
→
energy energy
 -

GALVANIC CELL OR VOLTAIC CELL OR DANIELL CELL

when cell is designed in such a manner to make
the use
of spontaneous reaction between 2n and
cu ion to produce an electrical current .

L O A N
Tricks# . . .

¥¥o÷i¥iiim
'

cell Representation Negative

charge
¥'
oxidation 11 Reduction

Two Half Rxn are :

oxidation half Rxn →zn → znft + Leo

Reduction half RM
Fuat → + Leo Cu .

SALT BRIDGE It is an inverted U shaped

-

glass tube
which is filled with a

paste of Kd / kN 031 Kas op

in agar agar
-
whose one

end is dipped in one

beaker and second end

is dipped in another
beaker

FUNCTION :
•
It is used to complete the inner cell circuit
•
To maintain the electrical neutrality
°
To prevent the passage of one electrolyte into another
•
It is used to connect both the beakers .
 Special case of DANIELL CELL :

cis Cii ) ( iii )

the
tendency
shows
ELECTRODE POTENTIAL : It

of an electrode
to either lose or
gain e
-
when it is placed
in its own solution .

STANDARD ELECTRODE POTENTIAL :

Electrode potential
of electrode at 250C I bar pressure
any ,
and IM solution is called standard
electrode potential And it is measured S Hot C
by
. -

standard
Hydrogen Electrode )

5. H E
-
or Nrm E .
: It is device which is used
the
to eattculale standard electrode
potential of any electrode .

Ha gas at 298 K temp .

and I atm .
pressure be passed
into IM Hee solution in which
with
a
platinum foil coated
platinum black remains immer .

- sed .

Through which inflow

and out
flow of eo takes place . So it can

act as oxidation as well as seduction

potential .

Oxidation at anode : Reduction at cathode :

Ha → 2 Htt Leo 2 Ht + geo - the

standard electrode potential of Hydrogen is zero .

Acc .
to IUPAC, stand .
red pot . . is standard electrode pot
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ELECTROCHEMICAL AND

ELECTROLYTIC CELL

ELECTROCHEMICAL ELECTROLYTIC

Electrochemical series : -

Arrangement of various electrodes

in the
Li → -
3. osu
increasing order of their
K → -
2. a3v Inc .
standard reduction potential .

Ca → -2.87W Order chat chant def

Na -7 -
2.71 U of Trick mists
dik

3HfayT with
Standard
Mg → - 2.36 u Don 't
cry unit attract civil
Ae → - 1.66 U Red " both E cute.

In -7 -
076 U e, HIT 3isf-iioiglkd.se# at
'

Cr -7 -
0.74W rust

Fe → -
0.44 V Applications -

Ni -7 OLS v
-

dec - -

comparing
.

reducing
-

cis In relative
Sh → Olov order
0%34
-

and
Pb → oxidsing power of element
of standard Cii,
.
-

H -70.0011
to -3kV
predicting the feasibility
fu → oxi .

of a Redox Reaction .

I to -5kV
→
potential Chi , calculation of Eocell
Ag
.
.

→ to.gov
Bretton Civ ) comparison reactivity
"

SOV
of
Au → +l -

metals metals
F → + 2- 87 V Cf or non .
# E'
cell
= E'
red
-
Eooxi calculate Eceee of
=
E' - ⇐ 2h12 neat 11 Cut Icu
cathode Anode
Eeeeee -
Fred -

Toti
ER
=
-
Eh
= 034 - C -
0.76 )
= l -
10 V

NERNST EQUATION
.

IF the conc .

of species in the electrode

reaction is not equal to 1 then Nernst
, we use eqn .

e-
g
Mhteaq , Mcs )
0 →
the
.

Nernst e9 "
Ecmnym , Raff l"
{M#n+cag?
.

Ecmnym,
= -

E. → standard electrode potential

Rs Gas constant C 8.314 J ktm.tl )

T Tents 298K
'm
→

0.4592 leg[ Mn 'T

→
E
I n Em
.
-
=

>
of e
nolose
. or
gain -0

FT Faraday constant

for the cell -

neo
AA + BB
> mmmm
At 298k "
Einen Eeceee ( MIM ENT
00h51 log
.
-

EAT 9 [ B) a
Eee eee O
.05 log
=
tox
-

Red .

GIBBS ENERGY :
ago . -

nfeoeeee AU = -

hftcele
-
-

standard Gibbs ← leap Gibbs tree

free energy energy .

AT EQUILIBRIUM !

they =

00h54 log Kc

Kc →
equilibrium constant .
RESISTANCE :

every substance offers restrictions to the

flow of electricity to a small or large extent
5. I Unite =D (Ohm )

The electrical resistantonce of any object is

•

directly proportional to its length .

Ral
to its
•

Inversely proportional area

of Crosse ctia

Rx I i. e
A
is resistivity
Raha # where I
or R =p
specific resistance
or

SI unit is Ohm metre

CONDUCTANCE
The each with which current flows
conductance
through
is
a
iveose
conductor is known
resistance
as .
It

of
G-
Ip =

say =
Kay
where k is
conductivity
Cell constant !
The
quantity Gais called cell constant .

't
given by G
get I K 't
axe
-

= -

CONDUCTIVITY '
.

It is the reciprocal of resistivity and

denoted by Ki
k =
ax e-
A
electronic Ionic Molar conductance :

gym § conducting
power of all the ions
produced by one mole of
electrolyte in a solution .

It is denoted Am
by .

Mm - K X l ooo
-

M
S Cmb
Mol -
I
Am It always decreases with decrease in concentration
for weak and strong electrolyte .

1A Molar conductance increases with decrease in conc .

( or increase in dilution )

LIMITING MOLAR CONDUCTIVITY when C -70

,

Am = Ani i -
e

when concentration approaches zero ,

the molar
conductivity reaches limiting a value known as
molar conductivity
limiting .

Variation of nm with

( weak concentration is different

electrolyte ) for
strong and
weak
electrolyte .

( strong DEBYE -
HUCK EL RULE
electrolyte )
Ame Ani - AIT
And →
limiting molar and .

Am -7 molar conductivity
At constant c → cone .

shown
Dom KOHL RAUSCH 'S LAW .

This law States that

limiting
conductivity
molas
of electrolyte represented
an can be as

the sum of individual contributions of anion

and cation of the electrolyte .

Ain ( Hz COOH =
din CH COO
,
-

t din Ht

Application Cil The molar conductivity of weak electrolyte

at
infinite dilution can be calculated by
using Kohl rausch law
Aim
.

→ at concentration
l" ) Degree of dissociation Cy ) =

nom → at infinite
dilution
His Dissociation constant CK ) =
concentration
1- a
'

am Faraday 's first Law of Electrolysis

The amount

of substance deposited or liberated

at the electrodes is proportional
to the amount of electricity
passed through the electrolyte
w d Q w> amt .

of
sub
deposited
w
29
.

liberated or
w ZXIXT 27 electrochemical
-
-

E- Current equivalent
t -
-

time
Z= wt substance
eq .
.

of
96500

Aw Faraday 's second law of Electrolysis

when the
same amount do electricity passed
through two different
electrolyte connected in series than the
,
amount
of
substance deposited or liberated at the electrodes
is proportional to their equivalent weight .

Mass of Ag deposit = eq wt .
.

of Ag
Mass
of Ca deposit eq wt
.

of Cu .

Q. How
charge is required
much
for the reduction of I mot
of
't
zn to 2n ?
Aus 2nd -1 + Leo → 2h

Charge required -
- hf
=
2×96500
 Eu Products of Electrolysis
The products of electro lysi
depend upon the nature of electrolyte being electro lysed and
the nature of the electrodes .

Molten NaCl : NaCl → Nat t U

-

At cathode
-

Matteo → Na
At Anode Cl →
Iz Uz tee
-

fused Na Br Nabs → Nat t Bo -

At cathode → Nat + leo → Na

At Anode → By Iz Bre tee
-

TRICK
& H2O → H
,
+ Oz
at cathode at anode
I
t .
4
To get produce at To
get produce at
cathode : Anode :
① Reduction Pot of Hao 7 Red "
① oxi potential of Hao > oxi
-

bot .

do cations of G -
I
,
9-2 bot .

of fed, soy ; 5042 -

and a -13 Of periodic table

NOT £05
-

It etc
Eg Nat Kt , cast, Mg Aest .
,
, ,
So reduction at So oxidation of Hao
of Hao occur ,

cathode occur at cathode

means Hg at cathode

② Olli .
Potential of Hao
② Reduction pot .

of Hao < Red

< AT Br, I
.
-

etc
Potential do other cations
.

oxidation
C. than cations of G -
1,9-2,4-13 ) so of
these ions at
CULT Agt Aust Cda ; zag
e.g ,
,
, anode .

seduction doesnt
So of H2O
occur at cathode
P.Y.CL $ NCERT →