ASTHMA

ASTHMA
Presented by:
Jae-Ann S. Balang
Erica A. Brazal
Alliah Seth G. Israel
Jessica Mae P. Pandes
Kyle Yosef V. Vargas
Topic Outline
DEFINITION SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
MEDICAL
DIAGNOSTIC INTERVENTIONS/
PROCEDURES TREATMENTS
NURSING
HEALTH TEACHING
INTERVENTIONS
DEFINITION
Asthma is a disease that affects the lungs. It
is one of the most common long-term
diseases of children, but adults can have
asthma, too. Asthma causes wheezing,
breathlessness, chest tightness, and
coughing at night or early in the morning.
It tends to occur to those children with atopy

or those who tend to be hypersensitive to
allergens.
Genetic, environmental, and occupational

factors have been linked to developing
asthma.
WHAT IS AN
ASTHMA ATTACK?
An asthma attack may include coughing,
chest tightness, wheezing, and trouble
breathing. The attack happens in the body’s
airways, which are the paths that carry air to
the lungs. As the air moves through the lungs,
the airways become smaller, like the
branches of a tree are smaller than the tree
trunk. During an asthma attack, the sides of
the airways in the lungs swell and the airways
shrink. Less air gets in and out of the lungs,
and mucous that the body makes clogs up
the airways.
WHAT CAUSES AN
ASTHMA ATTACK?
An asthma attack can happen when you are exposed to
“asthma triggers.”
Some of the most common triggers are tobacco smoke, dust

mites, outdoor air pollution, cockroach allergen, pets, mold,
smoke from burning wood or grass, and infections like flu.
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
HEADACHE
STUFFY NOSE OR RUNNY NOSE
SORE THROAT
TIREDNESS OR WEAKNESS
DURING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
COUGHING, ESP. AT NIGHT OR WHEN
LAUGHING, CRYING OR SHOUTING
CHEST TIGHTNESS
DIFFICULTY TALKING
RAPID HEARTBEATS
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
DIFFICULTY OR SLEEP PROBLEMS

SHORTNESS RESULTING FROM
OF BREATHING BREATHING ISSUES
WHEEZING OR SIGNS OF POOR

WHISTLING CIRCULATION
SOUND IN THE (BLUE/PURPLE
CHEST WHEN COLORED
EXHALING OR TOES/FINGERS/SKIN
AFTER EXERCISE DURING ATTACKS
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
SPIROMETRY
This is the main test doctors generally use to diagnose
asthma in people 5 years or older.
It's a simple, quick, and painless way to check your

lungs and airways. You take a deep breath and exhale
into a hose attached to a device called a spirometer. It
records how much air you blow out (called forced vital
capacity or FVC) and how quickly you do it (called
forced expiratory volume or FEV).
CHALLENGE TESTS FeNO TEST
(fractional exhaled oxide)
Lung function tests used to help
Measures the level of nitric oxide in your
confirm a diagnosis of asthma. You
breath. Elevated levels of exhaled nitric
inhale a small amount of a substance
oxide indicate airway inflammation.
known to trigger symptoms in people
with asthma, such as histamine or
methacholine.
After inhaling the substance, someone

tests your lung function. Because
challenge tests can trigger an asthma
attack, you should have them done
only by someone with experience.
PEAK FLOW METER TEST
Measure how well your lungs push out

air. The peak flow meter is a handheld
plastic tube with a mouthpiece on one
end, which you breathe into.
MEDICAL INTERVENTIONS/
TREATMENTS
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
BRONCHODILATORS
DRUGS
COMBINATION DRUGS BIOLOGICS

TREATMENTS
BRONCHODILATORS
Medications that relax and

open the airways in order to
treat symptoms like coughing,
wheezing, chest tightness, and
shortness of breath.
It can be both short and long

acting.
TREATMENTS
QUICK-RELIEF (SHORT-ACTING) BRONCHODILATORS
Symptom relief begins almost immediately with these quick-relief medications
and may last 3-6 hours. Refer as quick-relief inhalers as "rescue inhalers"
because they assist in "rescuing" from the symptoms of an asthma attack.
LONG-ACTING BRONCHODILATORS
They provide relief for up to 12 hours. These are also known as LABAs
(long-acting beta agonists).
TREATMENTS
QUICK-RELIEF (SHORT-ACTING) BRONCHODILATORS
Short-acting beta agonists – Albuterol and levalbuterol
Anticholinergic agents – Ipratropium and tiotropium
LONG-ACTING BRONCHODILATORS
Leukotriene modifiers –montelukast, zafirlukast, and zileuton
Combination inhalers – Fluticasone-salmeterol, budesonide-formoterol,
formoterol-mometasone, and fluticasone furoate-vilanterol
Theophylline – a daily medication that relaxes the muscles around the airways to
help keep them open.
TREATMENTS
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
DRUGS
Help to lessen and prevent
lung inflammation.
Oral corticosteroids
prednisone and
methylprednisolone.
Inhaled corticosteroids
Fluticasone propionate,
budesonide, ciclesonide,
beclomethasone, mometasone,
and fluticasone furoate.
TREATMENTS
COMBINATION DRUGS BIOLOGICS
Drugs that specifically target the cells
and pathways that generate the
inflammation associated with severe
asthma. Every 2-4 weeks, injections or
infusions are administered.
Combine a bronchodilator and

an anti-inflammatory agent in a
single device.
OTHERS:
METERED-DOSE INHALER (MDI)
The MDI is a pressurized medicine canister in a plastic
holder with a mouthpiece. When sprayed, it delivers a
constant and predictable amount of medication.
OTHERS:
NEBULIZER
Nebulizers are devices that
convert liquid asthma
medication into a tiny mist.
This allows the medication
to be inhaled deeply into
the airways. A compressed
air machine powers them.
They can run on batteries or
be plugged into an electrical
outlet.
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
Monitor the patient’s vital signs, especially the respiratory status
by monitoring the severity of symptoms, breath sounds, peak
ﬂow, and pulse oximetry.
Maintain the head of the bed elevated and position patient to
high fowler’s position.
Obtain a history of allergic reactions to medications before
administering medications.
Identify medications the patient is currently taking.
Administer medications as prescribed and monitor the patient’s
responses to those medications; medications may include an
antibiotic if the patient has an underlying respiratory infection.
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
Administer ﬂuids if the patient is dehydrated.
Assist with intubation procedure, if required.
Keep the patient calm, utilize non-pharmacologic measures, such
as parent/caregiver presence, controlled breathing, relaxation
and mucus-clearance techniques.
Consider positive pressure ventilation to enhance oxygenation
and ventilation.
Educate about environmental control and allergen avoidance.
Limit the number of indoor pets that can cause allergies.
Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke.
HEALTH TEACHING
1. The need to identify and eliminate any actual or potential allergen,
substance or condition that could precipitate an asthma attack
2. The need to permit no smoking around
3. The need to report frequent use of rapid acting bronchodilators.
4. The need to take long term medication as prescribed even when there
are no asthma attacks
5. How to use an inhaler and a spacer
6. How to use a peak flow meter and the significance of the readings
7. Assisting the patient to create an asthma management and emergency
plan
8. When to contact a health care provide or seek emergency services
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING! :)

ASTHMA

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ASTHMA

It tends to occur to those children with atopy

Genetic, environmental, and occupational

Some of the most common triggers are tobacco smoke, dust

DIFFICULTY OR SLEEP PROBLEMS

WHEEZING OR SIGNS OF POOR

It's a simple, quick, and painless way to check your

After inhaling the substance, someone

Measure how well your lungs push out

COMBINATION DRUGS BIOLOGICS

Medications that relax and

It can be both short and long

Combine a bronchodilator and

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