SGTBIMIT Software Engineering

SRI GURU TEGH BAHADUR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

2021-2024

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Submitted To: - Ms. Ashmeet kaur Submitted By: - Harsh Kumar

(Assistant Professor) BCA 4A
Enroll No: - 01490202021
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S.NO PRACTICAL NAME Page No. SIGN
1 Introduction. 3

2 Purpose 4

3 Select and write down the problem statement for a real time system for 5
relevance.

4 Analyze requirement for a system and develop Software Requirement 9

Specification Sheet (SRS) for suggested system.

5 To create the function-oriented diagram: Data Flow Diagram (DFD) 13

6 E-R Diagram 15

7 To perform the user’s view analysis for the suggested system: Use case 16
diagram.

8 To draw the structural view diagram for the system: Class diagram. 17

9 To draw the behavioral view diagram: State-chart diagram or Activity 18

Diagram.

10 Draw the Component diagram. 19

11 To perform the behavioral view diagram for the suggested system: 20

Sequence diagram.
12 Draw the deployment diagram 21

13 Conclusion 22

INDEX

INTRODUCTION
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Shopping has long been considered a recreational activity by many. Shopping online is no exception. The
goal of this application is to develop a web based interface for online retailers. The system would be easy to
use and hence make the shopping experience pleasant for the users. The goal of this application is

 To develop an easy to use web based interface where users can search for products, view a complete
description of the products and order the products.
 A search engine that provides an easy and convenient way to search for products specific to their
needs. The search engine would list a set of products based on the search term and the user can
further filter the list based on various parameters.
 An AJAX enabled website with the latest AJAX controls giving attractive and interactive look to the
web pages and prevents the annoying post backs.
 Drag and Drop feature which would allow the users to add a product to or remove a product from the
shopping cart by dragging the product in to the shopping cart or out of the shopping cart.
 A user can view the complete specification of the product along with various images and also view
the customer reviews of the product. They can also write their own reviews.

PURPOSE

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There are large numbers of commercial Online Shopping websites offering large number of products tailored
to meet the shopping interests of large number of customers. These online marketplaces have thousands of
products listed under various categories.

Problem:

 The basic problems with the existing systems are the non-interactive environment they
provide to the users.
 The use of traditional user interfaces which make continuous post backs to the server; each
post back makes a call to the server, gets the response and then refreshes the entire web form
to display the result. This scenario adds an extra trade off causing a delay in displaying the
results
 A search engine that would display the results without allowing the users to further filter the
results based on various parameters.
 Use of traditional and non-user friendly interfaces that are hard to use

Solution:

 The motive of this Online Shopping Web Application is to allow the user to play with the
search tool and create different combinatorial search criterion to perform exhaustive search.
 Making the application AJAX enabled gets rid of these unnecessary delays letting the user to
perform exhaustive search. The users of this application can easily feel the difference
between the Ajax empowered user interfaces vs. traditional user interfaces.
 Provide Interactive interface through which a user can interact with different areas of
application easily.
 A search engine that provides an easy and convenient way to search for products specific to
their needs. The search engine would list a set of products based on the search term and the
user can further filter the list based on various parameters.
 Provide Drag and Drop feature thereby allowing the user to add products to or remove
products from the shopping cart by dragging the products in to or out of the shopping cart.

PROBLEM STATEMENT ON ONLINE SHOPPING

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1. Product Category:
The Home and Lifestyle product category encompasses a diverse range of products that cater to
different aspects of our daily lives, including electronics, clothing, and furniture. It encompasses
items that enhance our living spaces, provide comfort, and reflect our personal style and preferences.

a. Electronics: This subcategory includes a wide range of electronic devices and gadgets such as
computers, laptops, mobile phones, televisions, cameras, home appliances, gaming consoles,
audio and video equipment, and wearable devices. These products enhance our entertainment,
communication, productivity, and daily tasks.
b. Clothing and Accessories: Clothing is an essential aspect of our personal style and expression.
This subcategory offers a variety of apparel and accessories for men, women, and children. It
includes items such as shirts, dresses, pants, jackets, shoes, bags, jewellery, and watches. From
casual wear to formal attire, there are options for various occasions and fashion preferences.
c. Furniture and Home Decor: This subcategory focuses on items that furnish and decorate our
living spaces. It includes furniture pieces such as sofas, beds, tables, chairs, cabinets, and storage
solutions. Home decor items like rugs, curtains, lighting fixtures, wall art, and decorative accents
are also part of this category. These products help create a comfortable and aesthetically pleasing
environment in our homes.

2. Brand Category:
One common problem encountered in online shopping related to the brand category is the difficulty
in assessing the authenticity and reliability of brands. Here are some specific challenges:
a. Counterfeit Products: Online marketplaces can sometimes be flooded with counterfeit or fake
products bearing the name of well-known brands. These products may resemble the original
brand but are of inferior quality or even unsafe. It can be challenging for consumers to
distinguish between genuine and counterfeit items, especially when purchasing from unfamiliar
sellers or third-party platforms.

b. Unauthorized Resellers: Online platforms often have multiple sellers offering products from the
same brand. However, not all sellers may be authorized retailers or have direct partnerships with the
brand. This can result in inconsistent product quality, inadequate customer support, or even issues
with warranty and after-sales services.

c. Brand Reputation and Trust: In the online realm, it can be challenging to assess the reputation
and trustworthiness of brands, particularly for lesser-known or emerging brands. Consumers may be
hesitant to purchase from unfamiliar brands due to concerns about product quality, customer support,
or the overall shopping experience.

d. Brand Misrepresentation: Some sellers or resellers may engage in brand misrepresentation,

using well-known brand names or logos to attract customers, even though they do not have a
legitimate association with the brand. This can mislead consumers into purchasing products that do
not meet their expectations or the quality standards associated with the genuine brand.

e. Lack of Information: Online product listings may not always provide sufficient information
about the brand, such as its history, values, or manufacturing practices. This can make it challenging
for consumers to make informed decisions based on their preferences and ethical considerations.

3. Product Price:
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Prices in Online shopping differs from brands to brands , different brands have different prices of
different products . Prices of the product may be based on color, size ,quality and quantity. While
shopping online there are more than one seller selling the same thing on different prices this makes
hard for the customer to where to buy products from. Some sellers doesn’t disclose their hidden cost
like shipping and taxes until the checkout .

4. Customer service /Return exchange:-

Customer service/Return exchange helps customer through various channels, such as email, live
chat, or phone . Customers can contact the retailer to inquire about product details , ask questions, or
seek assistance with any issues they may encounter.
Many online retailers lack effective customer support systems, leading to delays in resolving
queries, concerns, or complaints. Inadequate communication channels, unresponsive customer
service, and extended response times contribute to customer frustration and dissatisfaction. Some
sellers Online retailers may have vague or complex return/exchange systems which makes the
confusion for the customer. Complex return policies, high shipping costs, and delayed refunds are
common issues that deter customers from making purchases and negatively impact their overall
shopping experience.

5. Payment Method:-
There are various methods to make payments on online shopping platforms such as UPI, credit
/debit/ ATM card, Cash on delivery, Net banking. This makes easy for the customer to make the
payments. Some online retailers may have limited selection of payment method which may be not
convenient or accessible for all the customers. Customers may hesitant to provide their credit card or
personal information details due to fear of data breaches, identity theft or fraudulent activities.
Technical glitches or connectivity issues can lead to payment failure or errors during the checkout
process.

6. Login:-
Login issues are not only for customers but also for the administrators and store owners managing
the online shopping platform.
Customers:
Customers use login to register, make orders, track orders, use customer services and support and
store the potential products in the cart.
1. Forgotten Password: Customers may forget their password, making it difficult for them to log in
to their accounts and access their order history, saved addresses, or other personalized settings.

2. Incorrect Username or Email: Customers may enter the wrong username or email address while
attempting to log in, which prevents them from accessing their accounts.

3. Account Lockouts: If a customer exceeds the allowed number of failed login attempts, their
account may be locked for security purposes. This can prevent them from logging in until the
account is unlocked or the lockout period expires.

4.Technical Glitches: Technical issues on the online shopping platform's side, such as server errors
or website maintenance, can disrupt the login process for customers, preventing them from accessing
their accounts.

Admins:
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The admin login page is typically separate from the customer login page and is accessible through a
different URL or a dedicated admin portal. This provide the admin with the range of tools and
functionalities to manage the online store. The
Admi panel allows admin to perform tasks such as adding and managing products, Updating
inventory , managing customer orders , processing payments, configuring settings and generating
reports.

1. Incorrect Credentials: Admins may enter incorrect login credentials, such as the username or
password, when trying to access the admin panel or backend of the online shopping platform.

2. Limited Access or Permissions: Admins may encounter login issues if their account does not
have the necessary access rights or permissions to log in to certain areas or perform specific tasks
within the admin panel.

3. Account Suspension: In certain cases, an admin's account may be suspended or deactivated,

temporarily or permanently, due to policy violations or other administrative reasons. This prevents
them from logging in and managing the online shopping platform.

4.Technical Glitches: Similar to customers, admins may experience login problems caused by
technical glitches on the platform's side, such as server issues or software malfunctions.

7. Feedback/Product Review:-
Feedback /product reviews play the crucial role in the online shopping as they provide valuable
information to potential buyers and help sellers to improve their products and services. There may be
fake reviews to attract the customers. Using rating systems, typically ranging from 1 to 5 stars , to
summarize the overall customer satisfaction with a product Some sellers may engage in unethical
practices by manipulation or incentivizing customers to leave positive reviews. Sellers may fail to
respond to customers revies , whether positive or negative. This lack of engagement can leave
customers feeling unheard and may discourage them from providing feedback in the future.

8. Product Management:
Effective product management is crucial in online shopping platforms to ensure accurate and up-to-
date product information. Product management in online shopping involves the process of managing
and organizing products within an online store to ensure an efficient and effective shopping
experience for customers
Edit:-
Editing is done by the admin and he decides whether this product should on the website or not. Some
online shopping platforms may have limited options for editing product information. Sellers may
face difficulties in modifying certain attributes or details, such as product images, descriptions ,
pricing or variations.

Updates:-
Admin updates the online shopping platform on the daily basis like displaying customer track of
orders, different schemes and etc. Technical issues or delays in updating product information can
occur, leading to discrepancies between the displayed information and the actual product
details .This can result in confusion for customers and potential loss of sales.

Delete:-
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Admin decides what should be displayed on the platform . Admin can delete the products which are
no longer required by the market. Human errors or system glitches can cause accidental deletion of
the product listings or loss of valuable product information. This can disrupt the shopping experience
and require additional effort to restore or recreate the loss data.

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION SHEET

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This document is meant to delineate the features of online shopping system, so as to serve as a guide to the
developers on one hand and a software validation document for the prospective client on the other. The
online shopping system web application is intended to provide complete solution for vendors as well as
customers through a single get way using the internet. It will enable vendor to set up online shops, customers
to browse through the shop and purchase them online without having to visit the shops physically. The
administrator module will enable a system administrator to improve and request for new shops and maintain
various list of shops category.
The online shopping system needs to sell different types of products to customers living in many parts of the
world. The website will show all products in categorized manner. Customers can browse any product for its
price and other details and can order the product. Orders need to accompany with shipping and billing
details. Customers can pay the order amount via credit card, debit card, net banking or by cash (cash on
delivery). Products can be managed by operators from admin panel. The main purpose of the system is to
enable customers to browse and buy products from any part of the world with ease and hence increasing
business scope.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION:
The online shopping system application enables vendors to set up online shops, customers to browse through
the shops, and a system administrator to approve and reject requests for new shops and maintain lists of
shops categories. Also, the developer is designing an online shopping site to manage the items in the shops
and also help customers purchase them online without having to visit shop physically. The online shopping
system will use the internet as the sole method for selling goods to its customers.

Better prices:
The vast majority of online stores offer prices that are much lower than what you will find at a physical
store. There are a few reasons for this. The first is because many people use the internet to find and cheaper,
good quality products. Online business owners understand this. They will usually reduce their profit margin
to get more customers. Another reason is because you can easily browse through dozens of different
websites to find the best price. You can do the same at a mall, but it would take about an hour or longer. You
also may not be taxed because most ecommerce stores won’t tax you unless they are stationed in your state.

Convenience:
Shopping online is convenient. You don’t need to get dressed and drive to your favorite store. You can easily
visit their website; find the product you want and buy it without getting out of your bed! It’s also convenient
because you don’t need to wait for the store to open. If you work irregular hours or are very busy, then you
probably don’t have the time to visit the store. Shopping online allows you to buy things without hurting
your schedule.
Variety:
Most physical stores have a limited array of products. They can only hold so many items, and there are often
many policies affecting the availability of products. For example, there might be a certain item that is only
available to those versions of the business that exist in the mall. Shopping online allows you to find many
products that you wouldn’t be able to find in a physical store.

PRODUCT FUNCTION:
. Buyers to buy commodities of different genre in one place.
. Sellers to add/update product’s information.
. Keep records of daily sale.
. Additional facility in form of helpline numbers for admin to contact us. . Buyer’s search can be filtered.

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USER CHARACTERSTICS:
There are three kinds of users for the system:
Administrators:
Administrators are the ones who adds or administers the categories for the products, and administers the
sellers.
Sellers:
Sellers will add their products to the database, which will be seen in the website to the end users or say
customers who can buy the products by selecting the one they need. Vendors will have the special privileges
than the end users, and have ability to manage the products added by them.

Customers:
The end users will be the one who visits the website and buys product online from the ones added by the
sellers.

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS:

REGISTRATION:
If customer wants to buy the product, then he/she must be registered. Unregistered users cannot go to the
shopping cart. If customer is not interested in registering, he/she can surf the website.

Main and login page:

The main page, a neatly designed page, provides a login and create a new account option for users to log
into their accounts in order to buy products. The main page will also provide a search toolbar option where
the user will enter the name of the product they want to buy. Also, the main page will display deals of the
day which will provide brief details on the discounts on various products such as electronics, apparels and
books. Along the search toolbar, there will also be options such as – About us, Contact us and FAQs.
Customers login to the system by entering valid user id and password for the shopping. All the user sessions
will be saved in the database.

Product category display page:

After searching a product on main page, this user is navigated to this page where it displays all the main
product categories like clothing, food, furniture, electronic devices, books and personal products from which
a user can select any category and can proceed to buy the product of the selected category as many as they
want in quantity.

Product selection screen:

This search screen option must be provided to user to select the product based on name, category,
manufacturer, price range etc. and provide brief details of them to the user. On selecting any one of the
product, user is shown the column for the quantity to be entered. After entering the quantity, price is
automatically set up by the system based on the product price data. When user select the product, it creates
the database of different categories of product. It provides complete description to the user through product
description screen.
Product search result screen:
This screen shows all the products under the search criteria. If there are no products under this search
criteria, the system will give a message to the user “No product found in this category”. If found, provide
option to select the desired product and then products with different categories get assembled in a database.

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Product Description Screen:
This screen gives the detailed description about the product like size, color, display of product image giving
360-degree view to the user, product availability in user locality and product ratings.
For example, if we are selling monogrammed dress shirts. We will have multiple ways through which we
can describe the details about the product to the user:
. By color such as red, purple, green, blue, teal etc. The size options available - S, M, XL, XXL and XXXL.
Product cost may vary depending on their size as more than often the larger sizes may cost more, so your
option feature would need to be able to carry the price of each option. Most, but not all, carts allow this.

View cart screen: The user can manage a shopping cart which will include all the products he/she selected.
The user can edit, delete and update his shopping cart. A final shopping cart summary is displayed which
includes all the items the user selected and the final total cost.

Order details screen:

This screen shows final products in the view cart. It gives product list, quantity, total amount, product arrival
date etc. among details, providing user complete information about his/her purchase.

Payment screen:
This is the screen where the user to pay for the product(s) they have bought by paying through any of the
following mode user is comfortable with:
• Credit card.
• Debit card.
• Net Banking.
• CashonDelivery (C.O.D). • E-wallet
• E.M. Ithroughcreditcard.
Order confirmation screen:
This is the final screen in buying/purchasing process. Here customer or user confirms the order. There is also
the option where user can still cancel the order if they feel so. This screen navigates user to the billing details
database where the complete order details are provided. The user is asked to select the day they want to
receive the product; else the database is designed to automatically select a time period to deliver the
product(s) to the user address. After this, a confirmation e-mail and SMS is sent to the user.

Feedback Screen:
Here the user is asked to provide their opinions on the products and the service provided to them through the
selection of their desired rating –
1. ***** Excellent
2. **** Very Good
3. *** Good
4. ** Regular
5. * Deficient

Refund payment screen:

This screen provides user an option to ask for refund for the product they bought but were not satisfied with
it within the given allotted time period for refund and also provide the reason why they were not satisfied
with the product and why they want to return it. The user is also asked, in some cases, to convert the money
spent on the products into points if the money cannot be refunded due to some error.

Logout:
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After payment or surfing the product customer will be logged out.

DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS

0th level DFD for Online Shopping System

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Fig 1.1

1st Level DFD for Online Shopping Website

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Fig 1.2

Entity Relationship Diagram

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Use Case Diagram for Online Shopping

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Class Diagram for Online Shopping

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State-chart diagram or Activity Diagram.

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Component diagram

Sequence Diagram
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Deployment diagram

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Conclusion

The ‘Online Shopping’ is designed to provide a web based application that would make searching, viewing
and selection of a product easier. The search engine provides an easy and convenient way to search for
products where a user can Search for a product interactively and the search engine would refine the products
available based on the user’s input. The user can then view the complete specification of each product. They
can also view the product reviews and also write their own reviews. In conclusion, online shopping has
become an integral part of our modern lives, offering numerous benefits and conveniences. It has
revolutionized the way we shop, allowing us to browse and purchase products from the comfort of our
homes or on the go. Here are some key points to consider when summarizing the impact and significance of
online shopping:

1. Convenience: Online shopping provides unparalleled convenience. With just a few clicks, consumers can
access a wide range of products and services from around the world, at any time of the day or night. This
eliminates the need for physical travel to brick-and-mortar stores and saves valuable time.

2. Variety and Accessibility: Online shopping offers a vast selection of products and services that may not
be readily available in local stores. Consumers can easily compare prices, read reviews, and make informed
decisions. Additionally, it has opened up access to global markets, allowing individuals to purchase items
from different countries and cultures.

3. Competitive Pricing and Discounts: The online retail landscape is highly competitive, leading to
competitive pricing and frequent discounts. Consumers can often find better deals online compared to
traditional stores, which helps them save money and stretch their budgets further.

4. Ease of Research and Information: Online shopping provides ample opportunities for research and
product comparison. Shoppers can read detailed product descriptions, customer reviews, and even seek
expert opinions before making a purchase. This access to information empowers consumers to make well-
informed decisions.

5. Doorstep Delivery: One of the most significant advantages of online shopping is doorstep delivery.
Products are shipped directly to the consumer's location, saving them from the hassle of transportation and
carrying heavy bags. Fast and reliable shipping services have further improved the overall customer
experience.

In summary, online shopping has transformed the retail industry by offering convenience, variety,
competitive pricing, and an improved customer experience. As technology continues to evolve, online
shopping will likely continue to grow and adapt, providing even more benefits for consumers worldwide.

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