Art Appreciation Reviewers 4.

Self-concept plays an important role in

growth and development.
5. Individuals have an urge for self
--UNIT I--
actualization.
WHAT IS HUMANITIES? 6. Reality is defined by each person.
7. Individuals have a responsibility to both
 Academic disciplines that study aspects of themselves and to others.
human society and culture.
 Methods are primarily critical, or speculative. WHAT IS ART?
 Have a significant historical element and no It is a diverse range of human activities in creating
central discipline visual, auditory or performing artifacts (artworks),
 Scholars: "humanity scholars" or humanists. expressing the author's imaginative, conceptual ideas,
 Attributed to the symmetry and balance or technical skill, intended to be appreciated for their
discussed by the art piece known as the beauty or emotional power. Other activities related to
Vitruvian Man of Leonardo da Vinci. the production of works of art include the criticism of
 Study subject matters using the comparative art, the study of the history of art, and the aesthetic
method and research dissemination clarification needed of art.
WHY STUDY HUMANITIES? Three Classical Branches of Art:
 It came from the Latin “humanus” which means  Painting
human, cultured and refined.  Sculpture
 It contains the records of man’s quest for  Architecture
answers to the fundamental questions.
 It studies man and the manner in which he Music, theater, film, dance and other performing arts as
conducts himself from the time of his existence well as literature and other media such as interactive
to the present media, are included in a broader definition of the arts.
 It is composed of academic disciplines that
NATURE OF ARTS
make it distinctive in both content and method
from the physical and biological sciences and  Art or arts is of Aryan root “ar” which means to
from the social sciences. join or put together and has its Latin term being
 It is devoted to understanding the different “sars” or “artis” which means everything that is
phenomena within the human cultural contexts. artificially made or composed by man.
 It studies how people process and document  Art constitutes one of the oldest and most
the human experience using philosophy, important means of expression developed by
religion, literature, art and history as their way man.
of understanding and recording the world.  It refers to the skillful arrangement or
 It studies how individuals’ manner of expression composition of some common but significant
varies as they record human experiences and qualities of nature.
how the way of documenting these forms a  Art is subjective as it employs the use of
connection between and among humans ofthe perception, insights, feelings and intuition.
past, present and future  It is the heightened expression of human dignity
and weaknesses felt and shared so powerfully in
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF HUMANITIES
a world increasingly aware of its successes and
1. Human nature is inherently good. failures.
2. Individuals are free and are capable of  It is man’s expression of himself as an individual
making choices. and how he views his existence.
3. Human potential for growth and  Art also provides enjoyment and stimulation
development is virtually unlimited. specially when people understand them

FUNCTIONS OF ART
  Express freely oneself; - He believed that “ though arts can be
 Socially express his need for display, celebration used to train citizens to have an ideal
and communication; and society, using arts to accomplish this
 Physically express the need for utility of should be strictly controlled” .
functional objects - He also explained that the physical
world is a copy of a perfect, rational,
FUNCTIONAL VS NON-FUNCTIONAL ART eternal and changeless original which
FUNCTIONAL ART - art created for use, not necessarily he called FORMS.
everyday use, but designed to serve a purpose and with - Plato’s Ideas ofthe Arts: Artis imitation;
an aesthetic in mind. It's art that serves a function, but Artis dangerous
is designed artistically for the purpose of beauty. - THE FORMS:
- EXAMPLE: Beauty, Justice, and The
NON-FUNCTIONAL ART - art that serves no utilitarian Circle Other philosophers have called
purpose. It is in direct contrast with functional art, them Universals. Forms are perfect
which has both an aesthetic value and a utilitarian Ideals, but they are also more real than
purpose. It also encompasses paintings, sculptures and physical objects. He called them "the
all manner of fine art. Really Real"
PHILOSOPHY AND ARTS RELATED 2. ARISTOTLE
- He was a student of Plato who
PHILOSOPHY first distinguished between
“whatis good and whatis
 It is a field of discipline which has attempted to
beautiful'' .
explain almost all aspects of human existence.
- The universal elements of
 It is the study of general and fundamental
beauty are manifested by order,
questions about existence, knowledge, values,
symmetry, and definiteness. As
reason, mind, and language.
exemplified in his Poetics, he
 The term was probably coined by Pythagoras
stated that the physical
ART OR AESTHETICS manifestation of beauty is
affected by SIZE.
 It is the study of beauty and taste, concerned
- He considered art as imitation
with the nature of art and used as a basis for
or a representation of nature
interpreting and evaluating individual works of
and his emphasis ofthe artis on
art.
POETRY which for him is more
 It is a branch of philosophy that deals with the
philosophicalthan Philosophy
nature of beauty and taste, as well as the
itself
philosophy of art.
- Poets imitated the following
 It examines subjective and sensori-emotional according to Aristotle:
values, or sometimes called judgments of - Things and events which have
sentiment and taste. been or still are;
THE ARTISTIC PHILOSOPHERS - Things which are said to be
seen and are probable
1. PLATO - Things which essentially are.
- He is a philosopher of Ancient Greece
who is known for his Dialogues together 3. IMMANUEL KANT
with Socrates. - He was a German,
- With the Republic being his work, Plato Enlightenment philosopher who
was seen as a good literary stylist and wrote a treatise on Aesthetics:
great story teller and considered the Observations on the Feelings of
arts as threatening. the Beautiful and the Sublime.
 - His main interest was not on art - It refers to the theory, human application
but on BEAUTY thatit is a matter and physical expression of creativity found
of TASTE. Kant explained that in human cultures and societies through
TASTE can be both SUBJECTIVE skills and imagination in order to produce
and UNIVERSAL. objects, environments and experiences.
- For KANT, beauty is a question - Some art forms combine a visual element
of form and color is NOT with performance or artwork with the
IMPORTANT written word.
- The Kinds of Aesthetic - Major constituents of the arts include visual
Responses according to Kant arts, literature, and performing arts,
are: culinary arts
o Beauty results in - From prehistoric cave paintings to modern-
pleasure if there is day films, art serves as a vessel for
order, harmony and storytelling and conveying humankind's
symmetry; and relationship with the environment
o Beauty leads to a - Whatever form of art one may use in
response of awe that expressing oneself, what is important is that
overwhelms the his self expression and creativity are explicit.
viewers of the art - One’s self expression especially when
inclined with arts may take various forms
ARTISTS VS. ARTISANS depending on the expertise and artistic
THE ARTIST inclinations of an artist
1. Architecture
- A person engaged in an activity related to It is an art form that reflects how we present
creating art, practicing the arts, or ourselves across the earth’s landscape, and, like
demonstrating an art. other expressive mediums, it changes with
- The term is often used in the entertainment styles, technologies and cultural adaptations.
business, especially in a business context, for Architecture is considered as the most
musicians and other performers (less often for functional of all the art forms.
actors) Examples:
THE ARTISAN - The Malacanang Palace
- The Philippines’ seat of government
- A skilled craft worker who makes or creates - The Cultural Center of the Philippines
things by hand that may be functional or strictly - The center of cultural activities of the
decorative. country and Burj Khalifa
- The adjective "artisanal" is sometimes used in - The highest skyscraper in the United
describing handprocessing in what is usually Arab Emirates
viewed as an industrial process, such as in the 2. Sculpture
phrase artisanal minin It is an artistic form in which hard or plastic
materials are worked into threedimensional art
objects. The designs may be embodied in
freestanding objects, in reliefs on surfaces, or in
environments ranging from tableaux to contexts
that envelop the spectator.
An enormous variety of media may be used,
including clay, wax, stone, metal, fabric, glass,
wood, plaster, rubber, and random “found”
objects.
THE ART FORMS Examples:
 - The Jose Rizal Monument in Rizal Park It is a collaborative form of performing art that
- The University of the Philippines uses live performers, typically actors or
Oblation in all UP campuses around the actresses, to present the experience of a real or
Philippines imagined event before a live audience in a
- The Black Nazarene in the Minor specific place, often a stage.
Basilica of the Black Nazarene in Quiapo The specific place of the performance is also
district, Manila, Philippines named by the word "theatre" as derived from
3. Painting the Ancient Greek théatron, "a place for
It is the application of pigments to a support viewing" , itself from theáomai, "to see" , "to
surface that establishes an image, design or watch" , "to observe".
decoration. In art the term “painting” describes Examples:
both the act and the result. Most painting is - Shakespeare’s Midsummer Night’s
created with pigment in liquid form and applied Dream and Romeo and Juliet
with a brush. - Victor Hugo’s Les Miserables The local
As a medium, it has survived for thousands of theatrical presentations of Noli Me
years and is, along with drawing and sculpture, Tangere
one of the oldest creative media. - Chosen zarzuelas and moro-moro
Examples: performances.
- Juan Luna’s Spolarium 7. Literature
- Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci It is any body or collection of written work.
- The Fishermen by Ang Kiukok More restrictively, literature refers to writing
4. Dance considered to be an art form or any single
It is the movement of the body in a rhythmic writing deemed to have artistic or intellectual
way, usually to music and within a given space, value, and sometimes deploys language in ways
for the purpose of expressing an idea or that differ from ordinary usage.
emotion, releasing energy, or simply taking Literature may be oral or written and are also
delight in the movement itself. sometimes meant to be performed before an
The two concepts of the art of dance— dance as audience.
a powerful impulse and dance as a skillfully Examples:
choreographed art practiced largely by a - The Woman Who Had Two Navels by
professional few —are the two most important Nick Joaquin
connecting ideas running through any - Po-on by F. Sionil Jose Myths,
consideration of the subject. - Legends and Folktales by Maximo D.
Examples: Ramos
- Folk Dances - Stupid is Forever by the late Senator
- Modern Dances Miriam Defensor Santiago

5. Music
It is an art form, and cultural activity, whose THE ART FORMS
medium is sound. General definitions of music
include common elements such as pitch,  It may be classified as visual arts and performing
rhythm, dynamics, and the sonic qualities of arts.
timbre and texture.  Music, Dance and Theater are under the
Music is performed with a vast range of performance arts category.
instruments and vocal techniques  Visual arts are those which are felt by the
Examples: senses which includes Sculpture, Painting and
- Philippine Folk Songs Architecture.
- Popular Music
6. Theater
  Literature may be visual or performance --Unit II--
depending upon the manner as to how it shall
The Subject of an Artwork
be presented
 The term subject in arts refers to the main
idea that is represented in the artwork. The
APPRECIATING THE ARTS subject in art is basically the essence of the
piece.
How can it be applied?
 The subject matter or topic is entirely up to
1. Give a good physical description of the artwork based the artist. Art is really liberating in that
on their knowledge of art elements and materials sense.
 Some artists don 't like to assign a strict
2. Analyze the artwork in terms of what the artist wants
explanation of their art so that they are not
his work to represent and the learner’s subjective
imposing on the viewers own narrative and
reaction to the works which includes their thoughts and
concept of the work
feelings
 There are some symbols that are archetypal
3. Perceive the art work in the context of its history. This and commonly understood/interpreted by
would enlighten the learners of the artist’s intention in humanity in the same way. Therefore
doing the work and add to the understanding of the symbols can be very powerful when trying
meaning the work is supposed to convey to convey a specific idea.
 Some artworks have subjects and some do
4. Give meaning to the artwork based on its description, not. The art pieces which use a specific
analysis and context subject is called representational art or
5. Judge the artwork as to whether it is good or bad objective art; while those that have no
based on the learner’s perception of it and its aesthetic subjects are called nonrepresentational or
and cultural value non-objective art.

 Art is meant to stimulate thought because it Representational Art

allows viewers to draw their own emotions and  It refers to art which represents something,
pull from their personal experiences when whether that be a tree in a landscape, apple in a
viewed. still life, or figure in a portrait.
 It is very powerful in this way and it naturally  It does not need to be a completely realistic
develops critical and innovative thinking skills. depiction of the subject; there will often be
 Art also teaches many important qualities such varying levels of abstraction.
as listening, observing, and responding to  It is a term that generally refers to a painting or
multiple perspectives. sculpture that is clearly recognizable for what it
 It is meant to express something that we claims to be.
ourselves feel unable to express or convey.  It depicts any identifiable object or series of
 Art appreciation stimulates thought and objects and their physical appearance in reality.
analysis, provokes an individual to look past  It is also referred to as Figurative Art, being that
what meets the eye and open our mind to the it is derived from real object sources
views of others
Non-Representational Art

 It refers to compositions which do not rely on

“THE AIM OF ART IS TO REPRESENT NOT THE representation or mimesis to any extent.
OUTWARD APPEARANCE OF THINGS, BUT THEIR
 It focus on the elements of the artwork in terms
INWARD SIGNIFICANCE” – Aristotle
of the aesthetic value of the work, but the
meaning will always be personal to the viewer
unless the artist has made a statement about
his or her intentions.
  Generally, we can look at nonrepresentational established that art is considered the
art as the personal expression of an artist' s handmaid of religion
subjective experience. Certain movements have
Mythology
described their intentions as an aim to evoke
moods or emotions in the viewer - These are sources of subjects that come
from the stories of gods and goddesses
THE SOURCES OF SUBJECT
of Ancient Greece, Rome, Norse and
Nature Egyptians. These so called deities of the
mythological world depict present
- It is equivalent to the natural world,
humanlike behaviors.
physical universe, material world or
material universe. Dreams and Fantasy
- “Nature” refers to the phenomena of
- The wonder of the unconscious is what
the physical world, and also to life in
is being expressed by art works under
general.”
this subject source.
- It is considered the most commonly
- These works of art somehow explain to
used source of art
the viewers the content of the art piece
People including the hidden meaning behind
each work
- They are considered the most
interesting subject of an artwork which Technology
may be real or imagined.
- The modernity of the present is also an
- An artist’s thoughts, moods and even
inspiration being used by artists as a
the genre of a certain art work may be
source of subject.
depicted by people by means of clues as
- The wondrous use of machines, the
takeaways.
towering skyscrapers, state of the art
- People as subjects may be presented as
robotics technology, top of the line
individuals or groups and may perform
transportation machineries as cars,
tasks as how they do in their everyday
ships and motorcycles to name a few
life
are sources of subjects of interest under
History technology.

- It is the depiction of factual events that WAYS OF PRESENTING THE SUBJECT

occured in the past whose purpose is
Naturalism
either to remember important events of
long ago or to teach the learners about - It refers to the depiction of realistic
the lessons of the past objects in a natural setting.
- The Realist movement of the 19th
Legends
century advocated naturalism in
- Artworks based on legends present to reaction to the stylized and idealized
viewers of the art something tangible depictions of subjects in Romanticism,
even when unverified. Art brings life to but many painters have used a similar
these stories approach over the centuries.
Naturalism began in the early
Religion
Renaissance, and developed itself
- Artists used as inspiration the religious further throughout the Renaissance,
texts as the Bible, Quran and Torah in such as with the Florentine School
conveying their ideas and beliefs
through their art works. It was also
 - Naturalism is a type of art that pays Symbolism
attention to very accurate and precise
- This is the use of a visible sign of an idea
details, and portrays things as they are.
to convey to the viewers, readers or
- It always depict pieces showing the
audiences the message of his work.
idealized human form. One would
- In this way, mystery is advocated by an
immediately recognize that these
art work making it more interesting to
images were imitated from the human
the viewers
form.
Fauvism
Realism
- It is the name applied to the work
- It is generally the attempt to represent
produced by a group of artists (which
subject matter truthfully, without
included Henri Matisse and André
artificiality and avoiding speculative
Derain) from around 1905 to 1910,
fiction and supernatural elements.
which is characterised by strong colours
- Realism has been prevalent in the arts
and fierce brushwork.
at many periods, and can be in large
- The name les fauves (‘the wild beasts’)
part a matter of technique and training,
was coined by the critic Louis Vauxcelles
and the avoidance of stylization. In the
when he saw the work of Henri Matisse
visual arts, illusionistic realism is the
and André Derain in an exhibition, the
accurate depiction of lifeforms,
salon d’automne in Paris, in 1905.
perspective, and the details of light and
- The forms of the subjects were also
colour.
simplified making their work appear
- Realist or naturalist works of art may, as
quite abstract.
well or instead of illusionist realism, be "
realist" in their subject matter, and Dadaism
emphasize the mundane, ugly or sordid.
- Realism is the most popular way of - It is a protest movement in the art that
presenting art subjects. is playful and experimental. “Dada”
means a “hobby horse”.
Abstraction - Dadaism is most often nonsensical.
Marcel Duchamp is the famous painter
- Abstraction finds its roots in ‘intuition’
using this method.
(of the artist) and ‘freedom’ (for the
- The aim of this method is to shock and
artist as well as for the viewer).
provoke its viewers
- Historically, the abstract art movement
emerged in the nineteenth century as a Futurism
reaction to academic painting or
realism. In fact, a very simple way to - This was developed in Italy about the
understand the essence of abstract art same time as cubism appeared in
is to think of it as a visual opposite of France.
realistic art. - Futurist painters wanted their works to
- This is a method of presenting the capture the mechanical energy of
subject where the artist moves away modern life.
from reality. The artist usually alters the Surrealism
shapes and colors in rendering a
particular art piece - This method mirrors the evils of the
present society.
- Surrealism means super realism,
influenced by Freudian psychology
 which emphasizes the activities of the
subconscious state of the mind.
- The art movement began in Paris in
1924 by the French poet Andre Breton.
It emphasized the activities of the
subconscious mind mostly exemplifying
violence and cruelty.
- The surrealist’s aim is to reveal the deep
and ugly part of human nature.

Expressionism

- This features art works describing

pathos, morbidity, chaos or even defeat
and was introduced in Germany from
1900 – 1910.
- Expressionists believe that man needs
spiritual rebirth for him to correct
defects that ruin the society
--Unit III-- 3. Pastel - This is composed of dry pigment
held together by a gum binder and
THE PROCESS OF ART PRODUCTION
compressed into sticks.
 Production is at the heart of making art. Kinds of Pastel: Soft Pastel, Hard Pastel, Oil
 While some contemporary artists foreground Pastel
production as a tool, others use their work to Pastel Technique: Stippling, Feathering,
explore ideas around production we might Scumbling, Impasto, Sgraffito
otherwise overlook. 4. Charcoal - An organic medium that comes
 Production might bring out images of factory from burnt wood.
production lines, or even the theories of Kinds: Compressed, Manufactured
scientists and philosophers after the mind has 5. Paper: The most common surface used in
conceived it through a certain process two-dimensional art
A. MEDIUM Types of Paper: Hot-pressed paper, Cold-
pressed paper, rough paper
When an artist is ready to express himself in art and B. PAINTING
to give shape to his vision, his first thought would be PIGMENT- Part of the paint that gives color
on what medium to use. 1. Watercolor - Pigments are mixed with water
B. THE TECHNIQUE and applied to paper.
2. Gouache - The pigment has been mixed
The technique of the artwork shows the level of with water and added with a chalk-like
familiarity with the medium being manipulated material to give it an opaque effect.
3. Oil Paints - Pigments are mixed with oil as
C. CURATION
its binder. It is a dense painting medium and
Derived from the word “curare” which means to gives rich, beautiful colors.
take care. It is a process that involves managing, 4. Tempera - Pigment is mixed with egg yolk
overseeing and assembling or putting together a (sometimes with the white) as binder.
presentation or exhibit for some type of artistic 5. Fresco - Pigment is mixed with water and
collection. applied on a portion of the wall with wet
plaster. It is used for mural paintings.
6. Acrylic - Modern medium with synthetic
paint using acrylic emulsion as binder.
C. MOSAIC - It is a wall or floor decorations made
THE DIFFERENT MEDIA OF VISUAL ARTS
of small tiles or irregularly cut pieces of colored
Graphic Or Two-Dimensional Arts stones or glass called tesserae.
D. COLLAGE -This is a technique of making art by
A. DRAWING gluing or pasting on firm support materials or
1. Pencils - Made of graphite which comes in found objects.
different hardness from soft to hard or E. PRINTMAKING
thickness from thick to needle-like. PRINTMAKING TECHNIQUES:
1. Relief Painting (Raised) - The oldest method
of printmaking. The technique involves cutting
away certain parts of the surface and leaving
the ‘raised’ part to produce the image.
2. Intaglio Printing (Depressed) - Instead of the
surface of the plate for the image, the lines of
2. Ink - It is one of the oldest materials for
the image are cut or incised to a metal plate.
drawing that is still in use. It allows for a
3. Surface Printing (Flat) - Includes all processes
great variety of qualities, depending on the
in which printing is done from a flat surface
tools and technique used in the application.
Plastic Or Three-Dimensional Arts B. Arch - A Roman invention that consists of
separate pieces of wedge-shaped blocks called
A. SCULPTURE
voussoirs arranged in a semi-circle.
KINDS OF SCULPTURE:
1. Freestanding - Sculptures which can be STRUCTURES THAT CAN BE BUILT FROM THE
viewed from all sides. PRINCIPLE OF ARCH
2. Relief - Sculptures in which the figures project
Barrel Vault - A succession of arches.
from a background.
Variations: Low Relief (Bas Relief), High Relief Groin Vault - A structure that is formed by
3.Kinetic (Mobile) - A sculpture that is capable intersecting arches resulting in four openings.
of movement by wind, water or other forms of
energy Dome - Structure with the shape of an inverted
PROCESS OF SCULPTING cup
A. Subtractive Process - Involves removing or C. Truss - System of triangular forms assembled
cutting away pieces of the material to form the to form a rigid framework.
figure. D. Cantilever - A structure that makes use of a
B. Additive Process - The process involves the beam or slab that extends horizontally into
construction of a figure by putting together bits space beyond its supporting post.
of the material or by welding together metal
parts to create figures. E. Buttress - A structure that is built as a support
C. Process of Substitution - This process is also for the wall
known as casting. This method involves using a Media of Architecture
mold to produce a 3D figure in another material
A. Compressive Strength - Refers to those
DIFFERENT MEDIA OF SCULPTURE materials that can support heavy weights
A. STONE A natural medium. Hard and relatively without crumbling or breaking down.
permanent. B. Materials that are used for Creating Building
and Infrastructures:
B. WOOD Also a natural medium. It varies in Stones and Bricks - Stones are favored over
hardness and durability depending on the kind other materials for its durability,
of tree it came from. adaptability to sculptural treatment and its
C. METAL It has three unique qualities: tensile use for building simple structures in its
strength, ductility and malleability. natural state.
Lumber (Wood) - All parts of a building can
D. PLASTER It is finely ground gypsum mixed be constructed using wood except the
with water and poured into mold. foundations. Iron and Steel - Provide
stronger and taller structures with less use
E. TERRA COTTA (COOKED EARTH) Baked clay or
of material when compared to stone or
clay fired in a kiln at a relatively high
wood.
temperature.
Concrete - Mixture of cement and water,
F. GLASS Made by heating and cooling a with aggregates of sand and gravel.
combination of sand and soda lime. G. PLASTIC
Synthetic medium made from organic polymers.

B. ARCHITECTURE

CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLES

A. Post and Lintel - Makes use of two vertical

supports (post) and spanned by a horizontal
beam (lintel). It was invented by the Greeks.
Six Categories ✔String Instruments- Provide basic orchestral
sounds. Two kinds are: Bowed strings that
Literature - Art of combining spoken or written words
produce tones by means of a bow of horse hair
and their meanings into forms which have artistic and
and Plucked strings that produce tones by
emotional appeal.
plucking the strings with a finger or with a
Types of Literature: plectrum held in one’s hand. (guitar, ukulele)
✔ Woodwind Instruments- Create sounds by
1. Poetry - It used to follow strict rules s to the
blowing into them. (flute, carinet)
number and length of lines and stanzas but in
✔ Brass Instruments- Have cup-shaped
recent years they have become more free-
mouthpieces and expands into a bellshaped
flowing
end. (trumpet, trump bone)
Haiku – Japan, it has 575 lines
Free Verse – free and random ✔ Percussion Instruments- Makes sound by
Sonnet – Italy, little song, Petrarchan hitting them. (xylophone, drums)
and Shakespearean Sonnet ✔ Keyboard Instruments- Make sound by
Acrostic- first letters of each line spell means of a keyboard which consist of a series of
out a word or phrase black and white keys. (keyboard, piano, and
Villanelle – 19 lines, 3 lines stanzas and organ)
4 line stanzas - Keyboard, piano, and organ
Limerick – 1 stanza with 5 lines C. Some Genres of Music
Ode – with musical instrument, praise a. Classical Music- European tradition that covered
of a person, event etc. the years of 1750 to 1830. Forms such as the
Elegy – death, hopeful ending symphony, concerto, and sonata were standardized.
Ballad – dramatic and emotional b. Folk Music- Originated in the traditional popular
2. Fiction - Written work that is not real and which culture or is written in such a style.
uses elaborate figurative language. c. Pop Music- Began in the 1950s and is inspired in
3. Non-Fiction - Subject matter comes from real the tradition of rock and roll.
life d. Jazz- Originated in the African-American
4. Drama - Includes all plays or any written works communities in the late 19th and early 20th
that are meant to be performed. centuries.
Music - Defined as the art of combining and regulating e. Blues- Originated from the African Americans in
sounds of varying pitch to produce compositions that the deep South of the United States in the late 19th
express various ideas and feelings. Century.
f. Rock Music- Form of popular music that evolved
A. Vocal Medium - The oldest and most popular from rock and roll and pop music.
medium for music is the human voice. g. Alternative Music- A style of rock music that
emerged from the independent music of the 1980s
Classification of human voice: and gained popularity in the 1990s.
1. Soprano - Highest female singing voice.
Dance - Is said to be the oldest of the arts. It is the
2. Contralto – Female singing voice that is low
man’s gestures that express emotions through rhythmic
and rich in quality.
movements.
3. Tenor - Highest adult male singing voice
4. Bass – Male singing voice that is low and Types of Dances:
rich in quality.
a. Ethnologic (ethnic)- Includes folk dances associated
5. Baritone – Male singing voice that is
with national and/or cultural groups.
between tenor and bass.
B. Instrumental Medium b. Social or Ballroom- Type of dancing that are generally
Traditional Instruments of Music performed in pairs.
c. Ballet- Originated in the royal courts of the Medieval c. Screenwriter- develops stories and ideas for the
era. screen or adapts interesting written pieces of work as
motion pictures.
d. Social or Ballroom- Sometimes called contemporary
or interpretative dances. They represent rebellion d. Director- Studies the script, plans and visualizes how
against the classical formalism of ballet. the film should be portrayed and guides the actors and
the production crew as they carry out the project.
e. Musical Comedy (musicale)- Refers to those dances
performed by one dancer or a group of dancers.

Drama - Genre of literature that is intended to be acted-

out or performed on stage in front of an audience

Theatre - Combined art that includes music, dance,

painting, sculpture, and architecture

Genres of Drama:

a. Tragedy- literature’s greatest dramatic genre.

b. Melodrama- Emphasizes the never ending battle

between good and evil wherein good always wins.

c. Comedy- Exact opposite of tragedy.

d. Satire- Portrays human weakness and criticized

human behavior to pave the path to some form of
salvation for human actions.

e. Farce- Light humorous play in which the emphasis is

on the jokes, humorous physical action, exaggerated
situations and improbable characters.

Cinema – Series of images that are projected onto a

screen to create the illusion of motion.

Genres of Modern Pictures:

a. Feature Films- Commonly shown in movie theaters.

b. Animated movies- Use images created by artists/

animators.

c. Documentary movies- deal primarily with facts, not

fiction.

d. Experimental films- Sequence of images, literal or

abstract, which do not necessarily form a narrative.

e. Educational Films- Specifically intended to facilitate

learning at home or classrooms.

People Behind:

a. Actors- Play the roles of the characters.

b. Producer- handles finances.