Oral Communication in Context

SHOW AND TELL

1. Each student should choose an object that is of great importance
to them.

2. They should prepare at least three lines to describe the object

they chose.

3. Choose an object that you are comfortable sharing with the whole
class.
Communication
Communication is a process
of sharing and conveying
messages or information from
one person to another within
and across channels,
contexts, media, and
cultures.
This may sound simple, but
communication is actually a
very complex subject.
The complexity is why good
communication skills are
considered so desirable by
employers around the world:
accurate, effective and
unambiguous
communication is actually
extremely hard.
 Nature of Communication

Communication is
a process.
Communication can
be expressed
through words,
Communication actions or both at
occurs between the same time.
or more people.
Categories of Communication

Verbal

Non-verbal
Verbal Communication

Verbal Communication means

communication in the form of
spoken words only. But, in the
context of types of communication,
verbal communication can be in
the spoken or the written form.
Written Communication

This kind of communication involves

any kind of exchange of information
in the written form. For example, e-
mails, texts, letters, reports, SMS, posts
on social media platforms, documents,
handbooks, posters, flyers, etc.
Oral Communication

This is the communication which

employs the spoken word, either
direct or indirect as a communication
channel.
You could converse either face to face,
or over the phone, or via voice notes or
chat rooms, etc.
Non-verbal Communication

Non-verbal communication is
communication that does not
involve words.
Non-verbal Communication

Facial Expressions
Unlike some forms of nonverbal
01 communication, facial expressions
are universal

Body Movement and Posture

The way you move and carry
yourself communicates a wealth of
information to the world.

03 02
Gestures
Gestures are woven into the fabric
of our daily lives. You may wave,
point, beckon, or use your hands
when arguing or speaking
animatedly
Non-verbal Communication

Eye Contact

01
The way you look at someone can
communicate many things,
including interest, affection,
hostility, or attraction.

Touch or Haptics
We communicate a great deal
through touch.

03 02 Space or Proxemics

You can use physical space to

communicate many different
nonverbal messages, including
signals of intimacy and affection,
aggression or dominance.
Non-verbal Communication

Voice or Paralanguage

01 It’s not just what you say, it’s how you say
it. When you speak, other people “read”
your voice in addition to listening to your
words

03 02
 Facial
Expressions
 Body
Movement
and
Posture
Gestures
Eye Contact
Haptics
Proxemics
 Hi!
Hello!
How are you?
Paralanguage Thank you!
I'm sorry!
 ACTIVITY

ESSAY
Now, you are aware that communication could go wrong based on certain factors like body language,
paralanguage or voice, and facial expressions among others. As a task, narrate the instance where
miscommunication because of non verbal cues happened between you and a family member, a friend,
a significant other, or a stranger. In addition, if you could have done it differently, how will you do it?
Elements of Communication
Elements of Communication

sender encoding message channel

Elements of Communication

decoding receiver feedback noise

Elements of Communication

context
Elements of Communication

The sender is the person who is

initiating the communication or
sender sending the message. It can be a
person or a party like a company.
Elements of Communication

It is the process of assembling

symbols to communicate the
encoding message or simply put the process
of putting thought into a
symbolic form.
 Elements of Communication

It is the set of symbols that the

sender transmits or the content of
the communication. A piece of
message
communication may include only
words or words and graphics or
even a piece of multimedia.
Elements of Communication

Channel is the media of

communication that is used to
channel
transmit the message. In the case of
verbal communication, you might be
using a phone or talking to the receiver
directly.
Elements of Communication

It is the process of interpreting the

message or the process by which the
decoding
receiver assigns meaning to the
symbols in a message.
Elements of Communication

A receiver is the second party

receiver involved in the process of
communication. The receiver is the
one who receives the message.
Elements of Communication

feedback
A feedback is the receiver's response.
Elements of Communication

Noise is the unplanned distortion

during the process of communication
noise
which may cause the receiver to receive
a different message than the intended
one.
Elements of Communication

Context refers to the setting in which

communication takes place. The
context helps establish meaning and
context
can influence what is said and how it
is said. There are at least four aspects
in regards to this idea: physical, cultural,
social-psychological, and temporal
(DeVito, 2005).
 Process of
Communication
 PROCESS

The speaker generates the message.

The speaker encodes an idea or converts the

idea into words or actions.
(the process is called encoding)

The speaker transmits or sends out a message

through a channel.

The receiver gets the message.

The receiver decodes or interprets the message

based on the context

The receiver sends or provides feedback

 PROCESS

Daphne loves Rico as a friend

She thinks of how to tell him using their native language.

She tells him, “Rico, mahal kita bilang kaibigan.”

Rico hears what Daphne says.

He tries to analyze what she means, and he is heartbroken.

He frowns and does not say something because he is in pain.

Functions of Communication
Functions of Communication

Control Social Interaction Motivation

Functions of Communication

Information Emotional
Dissemination Expression
Functions of Communication

Regulates or controls the behavior.

Control
 Functions of Communication

Used to produce social relationships;

used to develop bonds, intimacy, or
relations.

Social Interaction
Functions of Communication

Functions to motivate or to encourage

people to live better.

Motivation
Functions of Communication

Functions to convey information.

Information
Dissemination
Functions of Communication

Facilitates people’s expression of their

feelings and emotions.

Emotional
Expression
Speech Styles
 Speech Styles

01 02 03 04 05

FROZEN FORMAL CONSULTATIVE CASUAL INTIMATE

According to Martin Joos (1976:156), speech style here means the form of
language that the speaker uses which characterized by the degree of
formality. The use of speech styles varies depending on the situation or
context.
Speech Styles

It is the most formal communicative

01
style that is usually used during
FROZEN respectful events and ceremonies.

e.g., pledges, anthems, marriage

ceremonies, laws, etc.
Speech Styles

Formal speeches are straightforward

02 speeches that is composed of complex
sentence and noun phrases are well
FORMAL
structured, logically sequenced and
strongly coherent.

e.g., announcements, SONA, welcome

addresses, etc.
Speech Styles

This style is the standard one.

03 Professional or mutually acceptable
language is a must in this style.
CONSULTATIVE

e.g., regular classroom discussions,

doctor-patient, employer - employee,
etc.
Speech Styles

Casual style is used in conversation

04
between friends and insiders who
CASUAL have something to share and have
shared background information but
don’t have close relations.
Speech Styles

Intimate speech is used in conversation

04
05 between people who are very close
and know each other quite well
INTIMATE because they have the maximum of
shared background information.

e.g., Couple talking about their future

plans, family sharing ideas, very close
friends sharing secrets, etc.
Speech Context
 Speech Context

MASS
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL PUBLIC COMMUNICATION

Speech context refers to the situation or environment

and the circumstances in which the communication
occurs.
 Speech Context

A type of communication that centers on

INTRAPERSONAL one person where the speakers acts
both as the sender and the receiver.
 Speech Context

A type of communication between and

INTERPERSONAL among people and establishes
personal relationship
Speech Context

Requires you to deliver the message in

front of the group. Message can be
driven by informational or persuasive
PUBLIC
purposes. The channels are more
exaggerated, voice is louder, gestures
are more expansive due to bigger
audience.
(Hybels and Weaver, 2012)
 Speech Context

Mass communication takes place

MASS through television, radio, newspaper,
COMMUNICATION
magazines, books, billboards, internet,
and other types of media.
Speech Acts
Speech Acts

In the philosophy of language

and linguistics, speech act is
something expressed by an
individual that not only presents
information, but performs an
action as well.
 Speech Acts (J.L. Austin 1962)
“Speech Act Theory”

Locutionary Act

Locutionary act is the utterance act.

Sentences have a grammatical structure
and a literal linguistic meaning; the bald,
literal force of the act: what did the
person say? (Not, what did the person
mean?)
 Speech Acts

Illocutionary Act

Illocutionary act is the

speaker's intention of what is to
be accomplished by the speech
act.
 Speech Acts

Perlocutionary Act

Perlocutionary act is the resulting act of

what is said. The effect is based on the
particular context in which the speech act
was mentioned.
Searle's
Classification
of Speech Acts
As a response to Austin’s speech act
theory, John Searle (1976), classified
illocutionary acts into five distinct
categories.
 .
Directive Expressive

Assertive Commissive Declaration

 Illocutionary Act

Assertive

A type of illocutionary act in which the

speaker expresses belief about the
truth of a proposition. Some examples
of an assertion are suggesting, claims,
swearing, boasting, hypotheses, and
concluding.
 Illocutionary Act

Directive

A type of illocutionary act in which the

speaker tries to make the addressee
perform an action. Some examples are
of a directive are asking, ordering,
summons, requesting, inviting, advising,
begging.
 Illocutionary Act

Commissive

A type of illocutionary act in which

commits the speaker to do something
in the future. Examples of a commissive
are promising, threats, vows, planning,
and betting.
 Illocutionary Act

Expressive

A type of illocutionary act in which the

speaker expresses his/he feelings or
emotional reactions. Some examples of
an expressive are thanking, apologizing,
and welcoming.
 Illocutionary Act

Declaration

A type of illocutionary act which brings a

change in the external situation. Some
examples of declarations are blessing,
firing, baptizing, bidding, passing a
sentence, and excommunicating.