CHAPTER1 LESSON 1: THE MEANING OF HISTORY

 GREEK WORD HISTORIA WHICH MEANS  HISTORY AS ACTUALITY-WHOLE STORY

LEARNING BY INQUIRY OF THE PAST.
 DEALS WITH THE STUDY OF PAST  HISTORY IMPARTIALITY- HISTORICAL
EVENTS OBJECTIVELY
 HISTORY-SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNTING OF A  HISTORY AS RECORD-ONLY A TINY PART
SET OF NATURAL PHENOMENA. THE WHOLE PHENOMENON.
 THE GREEK PHILOSOPHER ARISTOTLE.  ARCHEOLOGIAL AND
 FACTUAL HISTORY AND SPECULATIVE ANTHROPOLOGICAL-ONLY SMALL PARTS
HISTORY ARE THEORIES CONSTRACTED DISCOVERED A TOTAL PAST.
BY HISTRORIANS IN INVESTIGATING.  AFFIRM OR REFUTE –INCOMPLETENESS
 FACTUAL HISTORY-TOOK PLACE, TIME OF THE OBJECT
AND DATE, PEOPLE THAT WERE INVOLVED.  VERISIMILITUDE-THE HISTORIAN AIM
 SPECULATIVE HISTORY-CONCERN ABOUT PAST.
ABOUT THE REASON FOR WHICH EVENTS  HISTORICAL ANALYSIS- INVESTIGATE,
HAPPEN.
COLLECT, EXAMINE SOURCE.
 INDIVIDUAL WHO WRITE ABOUT HISTORY IS
CALLED HISTORIANS  HISTORICAL METHOD- EXAMING AND
ANALIZING THE RECORD AND SURVIVAL OF
 HISTORICAL WRITING –FACILITY TO
THE PAST.
GIVE MEANING AND IMPACT.
 LIMITATION OF HISTORICAL  HISTORICAL BIAS-OBJECT OR THINGS
THAT HAVE SINCE BEEN FORGOTTEN OR
KNOWLWDGE- INCOMPLETENESS OF
THE EXPERIENCE OF GENERATION LONG
RECORDS HAS LIMITED MANS KNOWLEDGE
OF HISTORY. DEAD.
 INTERPRETATIVE- HISTORIANS ABILITY  HISTORIOGRAPHY-IMAGINATIVE
TO RECONSTRUCT HISTORICAL EVENT. RECONSTRACTION OF THE PAST FROM
 ARTIFACTS OR DOCUMENTS- RAW THE DERIVED BY THE PROCESS.
MATERIALS OUT OF WHICH HISTORY  HISTORICAL ANALYSIS-IMPORTANT
MAYBE WRITTEN. ELEMENT OF HISTORICAL METHOD

 PARTICULARS-THUS DERIVE IN
HISTORIOGRAPHY.

LESSON2: SOURCE OF HISTORICAL DATA  TESTIMONIES OF WITNESS- ORAL OR

WRITTEN, MAY HAVE BEEN CREATED TO
 RELIC OR REMAIN- OFFER SERVE AS RECORD.
RESEARCHERS  PRIMARY SOURCE- ARE ORIGINAL,
 CLUE ABOUT THE PAST.
FIRST HAND ACCOUNT OF AN EVENT OR
PERIOD THAT ARE USUALLY WRITTEN.

 SECONDARY SOURCE- ARE MATERIALS  UNWRITTEN SOURCE- HISTORICAL

MADE BY PEOPLE LONG AFTER THE EVENT SOURCE ARE MATERIALS BY NATURE
BEING DESCRIBE HAD TAKING PLACE.  SCIENTIFIC TRACT- IS THE HISTORICAL
 DIPLOMATIC SOURCE-HISTORIANS TRACT TYPICALLY COMPOSED TO INFORM
CONSIDER THESE SOURCE AS DOCUMENT. SUCCEEDING GENERATION.

 MATERIAL EVIDENCE- ALSO KNOWN AS  SOCIAL DOCUMENT- INFORMATION

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE IS ONE OF THE PERTANING TO ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, POLITICAL
MOST IMPORTANT UNWRITTEN EVIDENCE. OR JUDICAL SIGNIFICANTS.
 ORAL EVIDENCE- IMPORTANT SOURCE OF  NARATIVE OR LITERATURE- ARE
INFORMATION FOR HISTORIANS. CHRONICLES OR TRACTS PRESENTED IN
 INTERVIEWS- IS ANOTHER FORM OD ORAL NARRATIVE FORM.
EVIDENCE.  HISTORICAL CONTEXT-HUMAN
SETTING
LESSON3: HISTORICAL CRITICISM

 HISTORICAL CRITICISM- EXAMINE THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF THE LITERARY

ORIGIN OF EARLIEST TEXT CONDITION.
 SOURCE CRITICISM- ANALYZES AND  REDACTION CRITICISM- AUTHOR OF
THE TEXT AND EDITOR OF THE SOURCE
STUDIES THE SOURCE USE TO BIBLICAL
MATERIAL.
AUTHORS.
 CONONICAL CRITICISM- FOCUSES OF
 FORM CRITICISM-WHICH SEEK TO
THE TEXT OF THE BIBLE ON THE TEXT OF
DETERMINE A UNIT ORIGINAL FORM AND
BIBLICAL CANON.

 EXTERNAL CRITICISM-IT DETERMINES  MIDDLE AGES- REFERS TO THE ERA WHEN

AUTHENCITY OF SOURCE. HISTORICAL FORGERY WAS NOT KNOWN
 INTERNAL CRITICISM- HISTORICITY OF  19TH CENTURY- TYPE WRITING WAS
THE FACT INVENTED.
 PROVENCANCE OFA SOURCE-
DETERMINE THE AUTHENCITY OF
MATERIALS.

 19TH AND 20TH CUNTURIES – HISTORICAL  ISOGRAPHIES- IT IS DICTIONARY OR

CRITICISM WAS PROPERLY FORMED. BIOGRAPHY THANT GIVES EXAMPLE OF
 TEST OF AUTHENCITY-CONSIDERED HAND WRITING
AS HOAX OR MISREPRESENTATION FORM
THE GENIUNE DOCUMENT

 SAGILLOGRAPHIRS- HISTORICAL SEAL  HIGHER CRITICISM- DEALS WITH THE

THAT HAS BEEN SUBJECT OF SPECIAL MORE IMPORTANT MATTERS THAN THE
STUDY OF EXPERTS EXTERNAL FORM.
 SENSUS LITERALIS HISTORICUS-  PALEOGRAPHY- THE DECIPHERING AND
THIS MEAN THAT THE HISTORICAL TEXT ARE DATING OF HISTORICAL MINUS SCRIP.
PRMITIVE AND HOISTORICAL CONTEXT.

CHAPTER2
LESSON 1: FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD

 Antonio Pigafetta (ca. 1490-ca. 1534)

• Joined the Magallanes-Elcano famous expedition to the Moluccas begun in

August 1519 and finished September 1522

• Had a hand-written account of the expedition entitled "The First Voyage Around
the World" which will be analyzed later

 "The First Voyage around the World" was written in one of the 5 ships of the
Magallanes-Elcano expedition.

 These 5 ships were first one to circumnavigate around the world that was led by
Ferdinand a Magellan, explorer, and Portuguese when he died in the Battle of
Sebastian Juan Mactan, Elcano took over.
  King Charles V provided the Spanish fleet named Armada de Molucca which was led
by Magellan.-
The 5 ships
Santiago Concepcion
•Crew: 32 •Crew 43
•Under the command of Juan •Under the command of Gaspar
Serrano de Quesada
•Smallest of the 5 ships •Captain was executed because
•Called as a 'caravel' of mutiny
•First ship that has been lost •burned
•Third ship that has been lost Victoria
San Antonio •Crew: 43
•Crew: 60 Trinidad •Under the command of Luiz
•Under the command of Juan De •Crew: 55 Mendoza; soon led by Juan
Cartagena •Under the command of Sebastian Elcano
Soon led by Alvarado De Ferdinand Magellan •Antonio Pigafetta on board
Mesquita •The Flagship •First ship circumnavigated the
•Largest in the fleet •Was attacked by Portuguese world
•Second ship that has been lost ship •Only ship to complete the
•Left shipwrecked voyage
•Fourth ship that has been lost

Out of the 5 ships, only 3 ships reached in the Philippines. After the Battle of Mactan, their man
is enough to man two ships: Trinidad and Victoria. Until, they returned to Spain, only one ship
survived which is Victoria, one of the survivors was Antonio Pigafetta which kept the journal
about their expedition.
Associates, he Upon the advice of Pigafetta's presented his account to Pope Clement VII,
Philippe de Villiers I'Isle-Adam, and to Louis of Savoy to finance its publication. But, he was
unable to find a financier
THE TIMELINE DURING THEIR STAY IN THE PHILIPPINES
•Arrived in Zamal (now Samar), the island was called Humunu (now Homonhon)
•Locals welcomed them by giving them their native products such as fish, figs, coconuts, palm wine
MARCH 16, 1521
ARRIVAL IN SAMAR
THE TIMELINE DURING THEIR STAY IN THE PHILIPPINES
•Sunday morning
•Held at Mazaua (Limasawa)
•Attended by local islanders, Spanish voyagers, the two Rajas, and Magellan
MARCH 31, 1521
FIRST MASS IN THE PHILIPPINES
THE TIMELINE DURING THEIR STAY IN THE PHILIPPINES
•Arrived at the port of Zubu (Cebu), the largest and the most trade island
•Pigafetta described the inhabitants' houses that were made of logs
•Fired mortars as a "sign of peace and friendship"
•Tension between the king of Zubu and the voyagers and Magellan threatened them to rage war
APRIL 7, 1521
ARRIVAL IN ZUBU
THE TIMELINE DURING THEIR STAY IN THE PHILIPPINES
•Held mass with Raja Humabon and baptized 800 souls
•Pifagetta showed the image of Child Jesus and a cross to the queen and asked to keep in place of
her idol
•The Child Jesus is known today as Santo Niño, which is celebrated every January in Cebu
APRIL 14, 1521
IMAGE OF CHILD JESUS
THE TIMELINE DURING THEIR STAY IN THE PHILIPPINES
•Datu Zula, chief of the island Matan (Mactan) welcomed them. But Cilapulapu, the other chief,
refused to obey to the king of Spain.
•Datu Zula requested the captain to defeat Cilapulapu, which started the battle
•Natives outsmarted them, used 'patibongs' to defeat them. The voyagers were losing in this battle
APRIL 27, 1521
BATTLE OF MACTAN
THE TIMELINE DURING THEIR STAY IN THE PHILIPPINES
•Captain told them to give up this losing battle, but his men insist.
•Magellan was shot in the leg with a poisoned arrow. He died, their 'mirror', 'comfort', and 'true guide
as what Pigafetta described.
•They retreated leaving their captain dead.
APRIL 28, 1521
DEATH OF MAGELLAN
September 8, 1522 Victoria, the only •Described the faith or religion during
ship survived, finally arrived at Seville. the pre- colonial period: worshipping
Thus, ending the Magallanes-Elcano the nature.
expedition. •This account is an evidence that these
•It proved that the Philippines was rich voyagers first introduced to us
in natural resources even before the Christianity. They taught our ancestors
colonial period. worship idols.
•Described the barter trade during the •Let us know some rare animals
colonial present during that era.

•It refers to the gift which was given by

•It refers to the complete name of the Magellan to the native queen. IMAGE OF
chronicler of the document entitled, "The INFANT JESUS
Voyage around the World". ANTONIO •It refers to the name of the chief of Matan
PIGAFETTA
who had defended his people, territory, and
•It is the first ocean where the sailing ships defeated Magellan in the battle. CILAPULAPU
headed by Ferdinand Magellan crossed after
•It is the complete date of the historic battle
leaving Spain in 1519. ATLANTIC OCEAN
of Matan (Mactan).APRIL 27,1521
•It is the small passage or isthmus traversed
•It refers to the Christian name given to the
by Magellan's fleet somewhere at the tip of
first baptized queen who had the great desire
the South American continent. STRAITS OF
MAGELLAN
for conversion according to Pigafetta.
JEHANNE
•It is the vast water body that can be found
•It is the exact date of arrival of the
east of the Philippine islands.PACIFIC OCEAN
remaining fleet in San Lucar, Spain. SEPT
•It is the term used by Pigafetta which refers 6,1522
to the island where the historic mass was
celebrated.MAZAUA
 LESSON2: CUSTOMS OF TAGALOG
CUSTOM OF TAGALOG IS A NARRATIVE ON THE STABLISHED CULTURE OF THE TAGALOG IN
LUZON WRITTEN BY JUAN DE PLASENCIA, A FRANCISCAN MESSIONARY IN THE TAGALOG
REGION SINCE 1578 UNTIL 1590

 JUAN DE PLASENCIA- AUTHOR OF THE  BATHALA-WHOM THEY ESPECIALLY

DOCUMENT ENTITLED”CUSTOM OF WORSHIPED, SIGNIFY”ALL POWER”OR
TAGALOG” “MAKER OF ALL THINGS”
 DATOS- THIS PEOPLE ALWAYS HAD CHIEFS,  NAGAANITOS- UNITED AND JOINED IN THE
WHO GOVERNED THEM AND WERE WORSHIP.
CAPTAINS IN THEIR WARS.  SIBI- TEMPORARY SHED OF EACH SIDE OF
 BARANGAY- TERM USE TO REFER TO THE THE HOUSE WITH A ROOF.
POLITICAL UNIT ESTBALISHED BY THE  SORIHILE- ON THE POST ON THE HOUSE
TAGALOG. THEY SET SMALL LAMPS.
 DEATH- IS A PUNISHMENT IMPOST ON  CASANAAN-PLACE OF PUNISHMENT,
INSULT OF DATOS DAUGHTER AND GRIEF, AFFLICTION.
WITCHCRAFT.  SITAN-ALL THE WECK WENT TO THAT
 CATALONAN- IT IS A TERM USE TO REFER PLACE, THEY THERE DWELT THE DEMONS.
TO THE PRIEST, EITHER MAN OR WOMAN  PANTIANAC- WOMAN DIED IN THE CHILD
WHO HELD HONORABLE OFFICE.
BIRTH, SHE AND A CHILD SUFFERED
 VIBIT- GHOST PUNISHMENT.
 TIKBALANG- PHANTOMS
 SIMBAHAN: MEANS TEMPLE OR PLACE OF
ADORATION