Compound : I closed the door and I went back to work.

Complex : When I closed the door , I went back to work.

(c) Simple : Forgetting him , I went out.

Compound : I had forgotten and I went out.
Complex : As I had forgotten him , I went out.

Transformation Of Sentences (d) Simple : Killing the bird , the old man brought bad luck to the crew.
Compound : The old man killed the bird and he brought bad luck to
the crew.
MVbvbymv‡i Sentence wZb cÖKvi| h_v: Complex : Since the old man killed the bird , he brought bad luck to
(1) Simple sentence (mij evK¨): Simle sentence -G GKwU gvÎ finite the crew.
verb I GKwU gvÎ subject _v‡K †hgb :He is a good boy.
(2) Compound sentence (wgkª/†hŠwMK evK¨): `ywU Simle sentence (e) Simple : Forgetting him, I went out.
mvaviYZ Conjunction †hgb and/but/or Øviv hy³ _v‡K| `ywU finite verb Compound : I had forgotten him and I went out.
Aek¨B _vK‡e| and/but Gi ci GKB subject `yB evi e¨envi bv Ki‡jI P‡j|* Complex : As I had forgotten him , I went out.
and/but Øviv `ywU word †K †hvM Ki‡j n‡ebv [He is poor but
happy(Simple)] , `ywU Simle sentence †K †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e[He is poor Nota Bene(N.B) ( we‡kl `ªóe¨ ) : Complex sentence Gi cÖ_g clause
but is happy(Compound)]| wU‡Z am / is / are / was / were _vK‡j G‡`i cwie‡Z© being Ges
(3) Complex sentence (RwUj evK¨): Complex sentence-G GKvwaK have / has / had _vK‡j having ewm‡q simple Ki‡Z nq sentence Gi
Simle sentence †h †Kvb clause ‡hgb: Since, when, as, though, although, Avi †Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv | h_v :-
after, before, that, how Øviv hy³ _vK‡e| ‡hgb: If you come here, I shall (f) Simple : The meeting being over , we went back home.
accompany you. Compound : The meeting was over and we went back home .
1. Structure : Complex : When the meeting was over , we went back home .
Simple : V-ing phrase +` , ’+ sub + verb + Related word (2q Ask) (g) Simple : The weather being very cold , there were no birds or animals
Compound : Sub + verb + V-ing ( Gi evKx Ask ) + and + sentence in the snow covered country .
Gi 2q Ask Compound : The weather was very cold and there were no birds or
Complex : Since/As/When + sub + mswkó kã + ` , ‘ + cyb: sub + animals in the snow covered country.
verb + mswkó kã Complex : Since the weather was very cold , there were no birds or
(Related word ) animals in the snow covered country .
Example : (h) Simple : Having finished my lessons , I went to bad .
(a) Simple : Seeing the police , the thief ran away. Compound : I had finished my lessons and I went to bed .
Compound : The thief saw the police and he ran away. Complex : When I had finished my lessons , I went to bad .
Complex : When the thief saw the police , he ran away.
2. Structure :
(b) Simple : Closing the door , I went back to work. Simple : Because of + poss. adj. + Noun + ` , ” + 2nd clause
 weKí wbqg: Because of + poss. Adj. + being / having + Adj. / Compound : He tried heart and soul but he could not succeed.
Noun + `,’ + 2nd clause Complex : Although he tried heart and soul , he could not succeed.
Compound : Sub + Verb + mswkó kã + ` , ” + 2nd clause
Complex : Since / As +Sub + Verb + mswkó kã + ` , ” + 2nd clause (b) Simple : In spite of his being poor, he is honest.
Compound : He is poor but he is honest.
Example : Complex : Although he is poor , he is honest.
(a) Simple : Because of my illness , I could not attend the school .
Compound : I was ill and so , I could not attend the school . (c) Simple : In spite of his having vast riches, the man wants more.
Complex : Since I was ill , I could not attend the school . Compound : The man has vast riches but he wants more.
Complex : Although the man has vast riches, he wants more.
(b) Simple : Because of his being weak , the old man could not attend the
court . (d) Simple : In spite of his working hard, could not succeed.
Compound : The old man was weak and so , he could not attend the Compound : He worked hard but he could not succeed.
court . Complex : Although he worked hard, he could not succeed.
Complex : Since The old man was weak , he could not attend the
court . (e) Simple : In spite of his running fast, he could not get the train .
Compound : He run fast but he could not get the train.
(c) Simple : Because of his having integrity, Salim was loved by all. Complex : Though he run fast, he could not get the train.
Compound : Salim had integrity and so, he was loved by all.
Complex : As Salim had integrity, he was loved by all. 4. Structure :
Simple : Sub + too + adj./adv. + to+ verb + mswkó kã
(d) Simple : Because of his very small size, he could not work hard. Compound : Sub + very /extremely + adj./adv. + and so+ sub+
Compound : He was small and so, he could not work hard . can’t /couldn’t + g~j verb + mswkó kã
Complex : Since he was small, he could not work hard. Complex : Sub + verb + so+ adj./adv. + can’t /couldn’t + verb +
mswkó kã
N.B: Am/is/are _vK‡j simple sentence-G being Ges have/has/had (a) Simple : He is too poor to buy a car .
_vK‡j having e‡m. Compound : He is very poor and so, he can’t buy a car .
Complex : He is so poor that he can’t buy a car .
3. Structure : (b) Simple : The man is too weak to walk.
Simple : In spite of + sub. poss. form + verb + ing/being/having + Compound : The man is very weak and so, he can’t walk.
mswkó kã Complex : The man is so weak that he can’t walk.
+ 2q Ask (c) Simple : The problem was too hard for them to solve.
Compound : Sub + verb + mswkó kã + but + 2q Ask Compound : The problem was extremely hard and so,
Complex : Although + sub + mswkó kã + 2q Ask they couldn’t solve it.
Example : Complex : The problem was so hard for them that they couldn’t solve
(a) Simple : In spite of his trying heart and soul , he could not succeed. it.
 Complex : If you eat balanced diet, you can keep a sound body.
5. Structure : (b) Simple : By working hard , you will shine in life.
Simple : Without + V. + ing + mswkó kã +`,`+ sub+ mswkó kã Compound : Work hard and you will shine in life.
Compound : R.W (adj./adv.) or+ sub +Auxi.V + not + g~j verb + Complex : If you work hard, you will shine in life.
mswkó kã (c) Simple : By running fast , you can win the prize.
Complex :If + sub +do not+ g~j verb + mswkøó kã+`,`+ 2nd clause Compound : Run fast and you can win the prize.
. Complex : If you run fast, you can win the prize.
Example :
(a) Simple : Without working hard , you will not prosper in life . 7. Structure :
Compound : Work hard or you will not prosper in life . Simple : N.P.( Noun / Pronoun )+ being/having + mswkó kã + ,+
Complex : If you do not work hard , you will not prosper in life . 2nd clause .
Compound : N.P.+ be / have verb + mswkó kã + and so + 2nd
(b) Simple : Without reading attentively , you will not pass the exam . clause .
Compound : Read attentively or you will not pass the exam . Complex : When/Since + sub + be/have verb+ mswkó kã + , +and
Complex : If you do not read attentively , you will not pass the so + 2nd clause .
exam . Example :
(a) Simple : The sea water being very salty, they could not drink it .
(c) Simple : Without moving , you will die . Compound : The sea water was very salty and so , they could not
Compound : Move or you will die . drink it .
Complex : If you do not move , you will die . Complex : Since the sea water was very salty, they could not drink
it .
(d) Simple : Without playing well , you will not win the game .
Compound : Play well or you will not win the game . (b) Simple : The sun having set , we returned home .
Complex : If you do not play well , you will not win the game . Compound : The sun had set and we returned home .
Complex : When the sun had set , we returned home .
(e) Simple : Without writing much , you can not write well .
Compound : Write much or you can not write well . 8. Structure :
Complex : If you do not write much , you can not write well . Simple : NP + verb + .......+ to + verb + mswkó kã
Compound : NP + want to + verb + ....+ and so , + NP + verb +
6. Structure : mswkó kã
Simple : By + v.+ ing + mswkó kã + `,`+2nd clause . Complex : NP + verb + .......+ so that + NP + can / could / may /
Compound : g~j verb + mswkó kã + and +2nd clause . might + verb + mswkó kã
Complex : If + sub + mswkó kã + +2nd clause . (a) Simple : I went there to see him .
Example : Compound : I wanted to see him and so , I went there .
(a) Simple : By eating balanced diet, you can keep a sound body. Complex : I went there so that I might see him .
Compound : Eat balanced diet and you can keep a sound body.
(b) Simple : The authoress wanted quite isolation to do some Complex : As soon as Della saw the fob chair , she seemed it to be
troublesome writings. Jeem`s .
Compound : The authoress wanted to do some troublesome writings
and so , he wanted quite isolation. (b) Simple : On returning home , Karim went to play in the field .
Complex : The authoress wanted quite isolation so that he could do Compound : Karim returned home and , at once , he went to play in
some troublesome writings. the field .
Complex : As soon as Karim returned home , he went to play in the
9. Structure : field .` OR’
Simple : NP + v – ing + mswkó kã +…… No sooner had Karim returned home , he went to play in the field .
OR
NP + Verb + mswkó kã + V-ing + ……. (c) Simple : At the time of the teacher`s entering into the classroom , the
Compound : NP + Verb + mswkó kã + and + sub + verb +……… students stood up .
Complex : NP + Verb + mswkó kã + who / which / that + verb + Compound : The teacher entered into the classroom and , at once ,
….. the students stood up .
Example : Complex : As soon as the teacher entered into the classroom , the
( a ) Simple : The writer lived in a cabin belonging to the students stood up .
orphanage .
Compound : The writer lived in a cabin and it belonged to the (d) Simple : At the time of my reaching the school , the bell rang .
orphanage . Compound : I reched the school , and at once the bell rang .
Complex : The writer lived in a cabin that belonged to the Complex : As soon as I reached the school , the bell rang .
orphanage .
11. Structre :
( b ) Simple : I saw a bird flying in the sky. Simple : At the time of + poss.adj + v-ing + mswkó kã + `, ‘ + full
Compound : I saw a bird and it was flying in the sky. sentence
Complex : I saw a bird that was flying in the sky. Compound : Sub + verb + mswkó kã + and , at that time + full
sentence
10. Structure : Complex : When + sub + verb + mswkó kã + ` , ’ + principal
Simple : On + v-ing + mswkó kã + sub + verb + mswkó kã clause
Compound : Sub + verb + mswkó kã + and , at once + sub + verb Example :
+ mswkó kã (a) Simple : At the time of his coming here , it had been raining .
Complex : As soon as + sub + verb + mswkó kã + , + sub + verb + Compound : He came here and , at that time , it had been raining .
mswkó kã Complex : When he came here and , at that time , it had been
Example : raining .
(a) Simple : On seeing the fob chair , Della seemed it to be Jeem`s.
Compound : Della saw the fob chair ,at once , she seemed it to be (b) Simple : At the time of my reading , he came here .
Jeem`s . Compound : I was reading and , at that time , he came here .
 Complex : When I was reading , he came here .
(b) Simple : He is a good boy.
(c) Simple : At the time of their playing , it began to rain . Compound : He is a boy and he is good .
Compound : They were playing and , at that time , it began to rain . Complex : He is a boy who is good .
Complex : When they were playing it began to rain .
*** Not only ……. But also hy³ compound sentence ‡K simple Kivi
(d) Simple : At the age of four , he left the village . wbqgwU wb¤œiæc :
Compound : He was four , and at that time , he left the village . Structure :
Complex : When he was four , he left the village . cÖ_‡g Beside e‡m + not only hy³ ev‡K¨i g~j verb Gi mv‡_ ing
†hvM nq + but also Gi c~e© ch©šÍ e‡m + , e‡m + g~j subject +
12. Simple sentence wU hw` sub + verb + pronominal obj. + but also hy³ As‡ki verb e‡m | hw` bv _v‡K Zvn‡j cÖ_g As‡ki
present participle _v‡K Zvn‡j sub + verb + that when + object verb Avb‡Z n‡e + evKx Ask e‡m |
wUi subjective form Abyhvqx be verb Example :
present participle mn evKx Ask e¨envi K‡i complex Avi and , at Compound : Our teacher not only teach us but also guide us .
that time e¨envi K‡i compound Kiv hvq| Simple : Beside teaching us , our teacher guide us .
Example :
(a) Simple : I saw him reading . Compound : We give him not only food but also shelter.
Compound : I saw him and , at that time , he was reading . Simple : Beside giving food , we gave him shelter.
Complex : I saw that he was reading .

13. Simple : Sub + verb + adj. + noun

Compound : Sub + verb + noun + and + sub + be verb + Adj. wU ************
Complex : Sub + verb + noun + Related pronoun + be verb +
Adj. wU
Example :-
Simple: I saw a lame man .
Compound : I saw a man and he was lame.
Complex : I saw a man who was lame.
*** Z‡e hw` Adjective wU subject ‡K modify K‡i Zvn‡j complex -G
wbqgwU wb¤œiæc :
It + sub Abyhvqx be verb + sub + sub Gi Relative pronoun +
verb + Adj.
Example : -
(a) Simple : Health is wealth .
Compound : It is health and it is also wealth .
Complex : It is health which is wealth .