Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

Ethiopia Electric Power

Ethiopia Electric Utility

DATA COLLECTION SURVEY

ON
ADDIS ABABA
TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

FINAL REPORT

August 2017

Japan International Cooperation Agency

NEWJEC Inc.
6 R
J R
17-020
Data Collection Survey on Addis Ababa
Transmission and Distribution System Final Report

Data Collection Survey on Addis Abba Transmission and Distribution System

Final Report

Table of Clauses

Chapter 1 Power Sector Situation in Addis Ababa Capital Region ..................................... 1

1.1 Background of the Study............................................................................................1
1.2 Basic Indicators Related to Transmission and Distribution Network ........................2
Voltage Composition of Transmission and Distribution System ..................2
Reliability of Power Supply ..........................................................................3
Service Quality..............................................................................................3
Distribution Loss ...........................................................................................4
Current Condition of Transmission and Distribution Network .....................5
Assistance for Improvement of Network by Other Donor ............................5

Chapter 2 Policy Relevant to Improvement of Network in Ethiopia................................... 7

2.1 Improvement of Network in National Policy and Plan ..............................................7
2.2 Regulations Relevant to Improvement of Network ...................................................9
Grid Code ......................................................................................................9
Environmental Guideline ..............................................................................9
Equipment Planning / Installation Criteria..................................................10

Chapter 3 Proposed Contents in the AADMP ..................................................................... 11

3.1 Objective of AADMP............................................................................................... 11
3.2 Data and Existing Facilities .....................................................................................12
General Information on Addis Ababa Capital Region ................................12
Transmission and Substation Facilities in Addis Ababa Capital Region ....14
Distribution network in Addis Ababa Capital Region.................................15
Health Index (HI) ........................................................................................17
Contents of Proposed Projects ....................................................................19
3.3 Implementation Method of Proposed Projects .........................................................24
3.4 Tasks Extracted from AADMP ................................................................................26
Tasks in General related to AADMP ...........................................................26
Task Relevant to Individual Package ..........................................................26
Task from the perspective of "Quality Infrastructure" ................................27
3.5 Applicable Quality Infrastructure for Network in Addis Ababa ..............................29

Chapter 4 Analysis of Transmission and Distribution Network Improvement in the

Capital Region and Recommendations .............................................................. 33
4.1 Analysis of Transmission and Distribution Network Improvement in the Capital
Region ......................................................................................................................33
Result of Field Survey for Substation Equipment.......................................33
Result of Field Survey for Distribution Equipment ....................................38

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Results of consideration for Introduction of Quality Infrastructure

(Substation) ................................................................................................ 47
Results of consideration for Introduction of Quality Infrastructure
(Distribution) .............................................................................................. 48
4.2 Recommendation..................................................................................................... 52
Verifying the Project Component for Expected Package as Japanese Yen
Loan............................................................................................................ 52
Study on Applicable Quality Infrastructure ............................................... 58
Project finding for Transmission, Substation and Distribution System in
Addis Ababa ............................................................................................... 59

Appendix
Appendix-1 Member List of JICA Study Team
Appendix-2 Schedule of Site Survey
Appendix-3 List of Parties
Appendix-4 Minutes of Meeting
Appendix-5 Black Lion Substation
Appendix-6 Kaliti I Substation
Appendix-7 Candidate Target Area (Package 5 / Item B)
Appendix-8 Candidate Target Area (Package 5 / Item C)
Appendix-9 Single Line Diagram of Express Line
Appendix-10 SCADA

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List of Figures

Figure 1-1 Trend of Maximum Power Demand in Each Area ............................................................. 1

Figure 1-2 Voltage Composition of Transmission and Distribution System ....................................... 3

Figure 2-1 EEP Organization Chart ..................................................................................................... 7

Figure 2-2 Tolerance of Frequency at Transmission System ............................................................... 9
Figure 2-3 Equipment Planning Process............................................................................................ 10

Figure 3-1 Relationship Diagram of Each Documents in AADMP................................................... 12

Figure 3-2 Study Area........................................................................................................................ 13
Figure 3-3 Outline of Transmission Network around Capital Region ............................................... 14
Figure 3-4 Concept for Planned and Committed Projects ................................................................. 20
Figure 3-5 Concept for Rehabilitation and Short Term Expansion Plan ........................................... 21
Figure 3-6 An Example of Concept for Medium Term Expansion Plan ........................................... 21
Figure 3-7 An Example of Concept for Medium Term Expansion Plan ........................................... 22
Figure 3-8 AIC Urban Model ............................................................................................................ 22
Figure 3-9 AIC Rural Model ............................................................................................................. 23
Figure 3-10 Image of Construction Package in AADMP Ic/R ............................................................ 24
Figure 3-11 Quality distribution system component ........................................................................... 27
Figure 3-12 AADMP Task and Solutions ............................................................................................ 28
Figure 3-13 Comparison of Efficient Characteristic between AMT and CRGOT .............................. 30
Figure 3-14 Pin Post Insulator ............................................................................................................. 30
Figure 3-15 Comparison of Pollution Resistance ................................................................................ 30
Figure 3-16 Comparison of Outage Before/After the Installation of TSS System .............................. 31
Figure 3-17 Tank Type Capacitor ........................................................................................................ 31
Figure 3-18 Can Type Capacitor.......................................................................................................... 31
Figure 3-19 An Example of Outdoor and Indoor Type GIS ................................................................ 32

Figure 4-1 Power Transformer .......................................................................................................... 33

Figure 4-2 Incoming Transmission Line ........................................................................................... 33
Figure 4-3 Road in front of New ADC S/S........................................................................................ 34
Figure 4-4 Location Map ADC S/S ................................................................................................... 34
Figure 4-5 Change of Plan About ADC S/S ...................................................................................... 35
Figure 4-6 ADE S/S Power Transformer and GIS............................................................................. 35
Figure 4-7 ADE S/S Incoming T/L ................................................................................................... 35
Figure 4-8 NIF S/S Configuration of SAS ........................................................................................ 36
Figure 4-9 NIF S/S Incoming T/L ..................................................................................................... 36
Figure 4-10 Power Transformer 230/132kV........................................................................................ 36
Figure 4-11 Outgoing T/L ................................................................................................................... 36
Figure 4-12 230kV Switchgear Yard ................................................................................................... 37
Figure 4-13 Existing RTU (Micom C264)........................................................................................... 37
Figure 4-14 BLL Substation ................................................................................................................ 37
Figure 4-15 Location Map ................................................................................................................... 37
Figure 4-16 Installation Status of Distribution Equipment.................................................................. 38
Figure 4-17 Basic Structure of the Express Way ................................................................................. 39
Figure 4-18 Switching Station ............................................................................................................. 39
Figure 4-19 15kV Switchgear Panels .................................................................................................. 40
Figure 4-20 An Example of Daily Load Curve of ADC ...................................................................... 41
Figure 4-21 Status of Expressway draw from ADC ............................................................................ 41
Figure 4-22 Conventional Outgoing Feeder Equipment...................................................................... 41
Figure 4-23 Mixed Situation of New and Old Facilities ..................................................................... 42

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Figure 4-24 Transformer of ADE (6MVA) .......................................................................................... 42

Figure 4-25 Expressway Outgoing Equipment under Construction .................................................... 42
Figure 4-26 An Example of Survey Sheet ........................................................................................... 43
Figure 4-27 Confirmation of Validity of Distribution Equipment Assessment.................................... 43
Figure 4-28 Monitoring and Control Personnel ................................................................................... 44
Figure 4-29 Communication System related to Distribution Network Operation ............................... 44
Figure 4-30 DCC Operator .................................................................................................................. 45
Figure 4-31 DMS600 ........................................................................................................................... 45
Figure 4-32 Transformer Repair Line .................................................................................................. 46
Figure 4-33 Coil Winding Machine ..................................................................................................... 46
Figure 4-34 Cylindrical Coil ................................................................................................................ 46
Figure 4-35 Rectangular Coil .............................................................................................................. 46
Figure 4-36 Transformer Stock ............................................................................................................ 46
Figure 4-37 Substation Layout for New ADC Substation ................................................................... 47
Figure 4-38 15kV Capacitor in Addis East Substation ........................................................................ 48
Figure 4-39 An Example of Profit Calculation Result......................................................................... 50
Figure 4-40 Usage Status of Pin Post Insulator (lower row) ............................................................... 51
Figure 4-41 Cross Sectional View of LLC........................................................................................... 52
Figure 4-42 Transmission Line Route (ADC S/S~Kaliti I S/S) ........................................................... 55
Figure 4-43 Candidate Target Area (Package 5 / Item A) .................................................................... 56
Figure 4-44 Transmission Line Route from BLL S/S ~ ADC S/S (Draft) ........................................... 60

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List of Tables

Table 1-1 Addis Ababa Capital Region Extract Case of Condition ................................................... 2
Table 1-2 Trend of Main Indicator of Reliability of Power Supply ................................................... 3
Table 1-3 Standard Value of Service Quality Indicator...................................................................... 4
Table 1-4 Tolerance of Voltage Range ............................................................................................... 4
Table 1-5 Improvement Objective of Distribution Loss .................................................................... 4
Table 1-6 Development Activity by Respective Donors .................................................................... 5

Table 2-1 Development Objectives of Power Sector in GTP............................................................. 8

Table 3-1 An Example of Transformer HI ....................................................................................... 15
Table 3-2 Outline of Distribution Equipment in Study Area ........................................................... 15
Table 3-3 An Example of Assessment Result of Distribution Network ........................................... 16
Table 3-4 An Example of the Status Survey Result of Distribution Transformer ............................ 16
Table 3-5 Inspection Table for Distribution Transformer HI (Distribution Transformer)................ 18
Table 3-6 An Example of Weighting Index (Power Transformer) ................................................... 19
Table 3-7 Outline of Planned and Committed Projects .................................................................... 20
Table 3-8 Average Incremental Cost (USD/kW) ............................................................................. 23
Table 3-9 Outline of Package of Construction and Procurement Method ....................................... 25
Table 3-10 Applicable Quality Infrastructure for Addis Ababa Capital Region ................................ 29
Table 3-11 Comparison of Characteristics of Capacitor .................................................................... 31

Table 4-1 Number of Transformer in Addis Ababa .......................................................................... 49

Table 4-2 Parameter of Profit Calculation concerning Loss Evaluation .......................................... 49
Table 4-3 Results of Profit Calculation about AMT Introduction .................................................... 50
Table 4-4 Results of Technical Study as Japanese Yen Loan ........................................................... 53
Table 4-5 Contents of Package 5 (Rehabilitation of Distribution network) Draft ........................... 56
Table 4-6 Candidate Target Area (Package 5 / Item B) .................................................................... 57
Table 4-7 Candidate Target Area (Package 5 / Item C) .................................................................... 58
Table 4-8 Results of Study on Applicable Quality Infrastructure .................................................... 58
Table 4-9 Proposed New Projects of Transmission and Substation in Addis................................... 59
Table 4-10 Proposed New Projects of Transmission and Substation in Addis (Additional) .............. 59
Table 4-11 Major Specification of Transmission Line from BLL S/S ~ ADC S/S (Draft) ................ 59

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Abbreviations
AADMP Addis Ababa Distribution Master Plan Study, Final Report
AADMP Ic/R Addis Ababa Distribution Master Plan Study, Amendment One Inception Report – Final
AADMP IT/R Addis Ababa Distribution Master Plan Study, Interim Report
AADRUP Addis Ababa Distribution Rehabilitation and Upgrade Project
AAHVRUP Addis Ababa High Voltage Rehabilitation and Upgrading Project
ADC Addis Centre (Substation)
ADE Addis East (Substation)
AfDB African Development Bank
AIC Average Incremental Cost
AIS Air Insulated Switchgear
AMT Amorphous Alloy Core Transformers
BLL Black Lion (Substation)
BSP Bulk Supply Points
CRGOT Cold Rolled Grain Oriented Electrical Steel Transformer
DCC Distribution Control Center
DMS Distribution Management System
EEA Ethiopian electricity Agensy
EEP Ethiopia Electric Power
EEU Ethiopia Electric Utility
EPC Engineering Procurement and Construction
ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan
GIS Gas Insulated Switchgear
GTP Growth and Transformation Plan
HI Health Index
HV High Voltage
JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency
LRT The Light Rail Transit
LV Low Voltage
MoWIE Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy
MV Medium Voltage
NDC National Dispatch Center
P/B Parsons Brinckerhoff
RAP Resettlement Action Plan
SAIDI System Average Interruption Duration Index
SAIFI System Average Interruption Frequency Index
SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
Sw/St Switching Station
TSRUP Transmission and Substations Rehabilitation and Upgrading Project

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Chapter 1 POWER SECTOR SITUATION IN ADDIS ABABA CAPITAL REGION

1.1 Background of the Study

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (hereinafter called “Ethiopia”) has the second largest
population in Africa (99.4 million people, according to World Bank Report of 2015) and high
population growth rate (2.5% per annum, according to World Bank Report of 2014).

Average GDP growth rate in the last 10 years is maintaining higher economic growth at the rate of
10.9%.

With such a smooth economic growth, construction of industrial sector and housing are developing
rapidly and the power demand in Addis Ababa administration area and an approximate 50km
radius area around the city (hereinafter called “Addis Ababa Capital Region”) is expected to
increase from 800MW in 2014 to 3,576MW in 2034 continuously 1. Trend of maximum power
demand is shown in Figure 1-1.

Figure 1-1 Trend of Maximum Power Demand in Each Area

Source: AADMP Volume 1 Part 2

Africa Union (AU) and Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) are located in Addis Ababa,
therefore, Addis Ababa is not only the capital of Ethiopia but also the diplomatic center in Africa.
For these reasons Addis Ababa needs to supply high quality of electricity with no outage and stable
voltage.

On the other hand, there are so many overload and excess of voltage drop limit in distribution line
in Addis Ababa described in Table 1-1.

The capacity of existing transmission and distribution network is becoming overloaded because of
high growth demand rate.

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Table 1-1 Addis Ababa Capital Region Extract Case of Condition

Voltage Loading Minimum Loading Issues (% of
Substation Feeder
Issues Issues Voltage (pu) Conductor Rating)

Addis Alem ALM-15-01 レ X 91.48 -

Addis Alem ALM-15-02 レ X 91.49 -
Addis Center ADC-15-04 レ レ 91.18 179.6
Addis Center ADC-15-07 レ レ 94.38 173.8
Addis Center ADC-15-10 X レ - 181.1
Addis Center ADC-15-14 X レ - 111.7
Addis East ADE-15-02 X レ - 143
Addis North ADN-15EW-04 レ レ 94.61 174.2
Addis West ADW-15-01 X レ - 116
Addis West ADW-15-02 X レ - 149.6
Addis West ADW-15-04 X レ - 108.9
Bella BEL-15-04 レ レ 91.55 290.5
Source: AADMP IT/R Volume 4 Part 2

Distribution network in Addis Ababa Capital Region has the following problems:

 Lack of capacity:
Capacity of transformer and distribution line is becoming overloaded because of rapid demand
increase

 Poor reliability and quality of supply:

There are so many aged equipment and some devices are excessing standard lifespan.
Maintenance is not properly done for many facilities.
Frequent power outage and supply voltage drop occur due to deterioration of equipment.

 High losses:
Approximately 19% loss in distribution system occurs due to lack of capacity and equipment
deterioration 2.

Addis Ababa would be a model case by improving current power situation in distribution system
It is important for continuous economic growth in Ethiopia, and also Addis Ababa will take
initiative for improvement of power sector situation in Ethiopia.

1.2 Basic Indicators Related to Transmission and Distribution Network

Voltage Composition of Transmission and Distribution System

Transmission network supplying power to Addis Ababa Capital Region consists of 400kV, 230kV,
132kV and 45kV.

Distribution network consists of 33kV and 15kV middle voltage distribution line by step down
transformer rated at 132/33kV, 132/15kV and 45/15kV.

Electricity of low voltage customers are supplied by 433V or 250V with frequency of 50 Hz using
3-phase 4-wire distribution line. (Figure 1-2)

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Transmission Grid (400 and 230kV)

132kV

45kV

33kV

15kV

Figure 1-2 Voltage Composition of Transmission and Distribution System

Source: AADMP Volume 2 Part 2

Reliability of Power Supply

Trend of reliability of power supply in Ethiopia is shown in Table 1-2. This value is quite low
compared with Japan’s reliability level 3.

Table 1-2 Trend of Main Indicator of Reliability of Power Supply

Parameter Unite of measure 2007 2008 2009
Frequency of Outage / planned Freq/customer/year (times) 20 10 5
Duration of Outage / planned Dur./customer/year (hours) 10 7 5
Frequency of Outage / forced Per cust./year (times) 50 25 15
Duration of Outage / forced Per cust./year (hours) 22 21 20
Source: “Electricity sector regulation ETHIOPIA”, East Africa Power Industry Convention 2007, Addis Ababa, ETHIOPIA

Service Quality

Qualities of service set in Ethiopia are shown in Table 1-3. According to this Table, recovery time
in fault is within 2 hours. This level affects Indicator of Reliability of Power Supply described in
Table 1-2, and depends on system configuration and operation method.

Primary voltage (MV) of distribution system permits ±10 % variation of nominal voltage. By
contrast, service quality of AADMP is examined by ±5 % variation of nominal voltage with
considering voltage supply in fault 4.

Tolerance of supply voltage to customer (LV) needs to investigate in this survey. AADMP
recommends the value described in Table 1-4.

3 RENCANA PENYEDIAAN TENAGA LISRIK 2004-2013 Project Report: THA 26371, ADB
4 AADMP Volume 2 Part 1

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Table 1-3 Standard Value of Service Quality Indicator

Service Quality Standards: Distribution & Sales, March 2006

Restoring a supply following a distribution system failure 2 hours
Providing an estimate of charges 3 days
Giving notice of supply interruption 24 hours
Voltage problems:
 Investigate & replay 15 days
 Solution
Simple work 3 months
Complex work 1year
Responding to queries about meter accuracy 15 days
Responding to queries from customers 5 days
Providing a new supply, improving or relocating existing supply installation
 Single phase 4 days
 Three phase 13 days
Reconnecting meters following payment 24 hours
Meter reading Every month
Responding to customer complaints 10 days
Source: “Electricity sector regulation ETHIOPIA”, East Africa Power Industry Convention 2007, Addis Ababa, ETHIOPIA

Table 1-4 Tolerance of Voltage Range

Lowest Service Highest Service
Nominal Voltage
Voltage Voltage
400V 360V (-10%) 440V (+10%)
240V 216V (-10%) 264V (+10%)
15kV 13.5kV (-10%) 16.5kV (+10%)
33kV 29.7kV (-10%) 36.3kV (+10%)
Source: AADMP IT/R Volume 3 Part 1

Distribution Loss

Distribution loss in Addis Ababa is assumed to be 20% to 22.7%. This value is quite high compared
to international level of 12% to 13% 5,6.

On the other hand, EEP has a plan to improve distribution loss described in Table 1-5 through
AADMP project.

Table 1-5 Improvement Objective of Distribution Loss

Year Technical Loss (%) Non- Technical Loss (%) Total (%)
2017 12.9 3.0 15.9
2034 8.0 1.0 9.0
Source: Prepared by JICA Study Team based on AADMP Volume 1 Part 2

5 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Enhancing Urban Resilience, July, 2015 – GFDRR

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The unit price of loss which is a basis of the economic evaluation of power distribution loss is
considered to be USD 0.06. This tariff is for LV customer however, it includes subsidy from
Ethiopia government. Therefore AADMP applied USD 0.09 considering unit price at generating
end 7.

Current Condition of Transmission and Distribution Network

As mentioned before, power demand in Addis Ababa Capital Region is expected to increase from
835MW in 2014 to 3,576MW in 2034 due mainly to population increase and development plan.
To cope with the soaring, recently there are so many investments in power sector. As a result of
such investment, a lot of new power plants have started operation, and currently power generation
capacity is considered much enough. Furthermore, power developments utilizing hydropower
potential, result in earning foreign currency by power export to neighbor countries.

On the other hand, in response to rapid economic growth as mentioned above, development of
transmission and distribution network including substations are insufficient. There are some
customers that wait for electricity connection because the power supply cannot cope with an
increase of power demand. To cope with further economic growth, improvement of distribution
and transmission network in Addis Ababa Capital Region is urgent issue of power sector in
Ethiopia.

By contrast, some substation and distribution equipment in Addis Ababa are aged over 30 to 40
years from commissioning, and those are deteriorated and overloaded. Therefore, it is impossible
to supply efficient and highly reliable power.

For example, an average of 42 times power outage occurs per week because of cable disconnection
of 15kV distribution line and operation of substation’s circuit breaker according to the data after
January 2015. Control system of distribution network for recovering properly such a distribution
fault has not been improved yet.

For such a situation, urgent rehabilitation is required for transmission, distribution and substation
equipment. Moreover, urgent upgrade is required to cope with power demand growth in the future.

Assistance for Improvement of Network by Other Donor

Some donors have been providing finance in Ethiopia to solve those problems described above in
Addis Ababa Capital Region. Some examples are shown in Table 1-6.

Table 1-6 Development Activity by Respective Donors

Primary Government
Type Title Sponsor Partners Time Period
Counterpart
Technical World Ministry of Urban Development,
Ethiopia Urbanization Review 2015
Assistance Bank Housing and Construction
Technical Ethiopia Energy Sector Review World
Ministry of Water and Energy Forthcoming
Assistance and Strategy Bank
Development of Energy Efficiency
Strategy World Camco-Clean
in Three Pilot Cities in Sub- Addis Ababa City Council 2014
Document Bank Energy, Verco
Saharan Africa-Addis Ababa
Ethiopia Electricity Network Ministry of Water and Energy,
Infrastructure World Approved
Reinforcement and Expansion Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP)
Project Bank 2012
Project (EENRP) Development Bank of Ethiopia
Technical Ethiopia: Addis Ababa Urban UN- Ministry of Finance and
2008
Assistance Profile Habitat Economic Development
Source: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Enhancing Urban Resilience, July 2015: GFDRR

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As part of the above support activities, the following projects are undergoing prior to AADMP as
an extended network of transmission and distribution network in the Addis Ababa Capital Region,
which are called "Planned and Committed Project" in AADMP.

-Addis Ababa Distribution Rehabilitation & Upgrading Project (AADRUP)

-Addis Ababa High Voltage Rehabilitation & Upgrading Project (AAHVRUP)
-Transmission and Substations Rehabilitation and Upgrading Project (TSRUP), etc.

With respect to the issues relating to AADMP, recommendation and/or proposal are presented in
cooperation with the above projects.

In addition, the recent assistance situations other than the above projects are shown below.

・ May 27, 2016: World Bank approved to finance USD 2 million for upgrading power system
in Ethiopia. Scope of works is to construct new 230kV transmission line, new
three substations, new MV/LV distribution line, etc.

・ July 15, 2016: African Development Bank (AfDB) approved to finance USD 1.05 million
to Ethiopia. Scope of works is to construct new 230kV transmission line,
upgrade two substations, MV/LV distribution line, etc.

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Chapter 2 POLICY RELEVANT TO IMPROVEMENT OF NETWORK IN ETHIOPIA

2.1 Improvement of Network in National Policy and Plan

In Ethiopia, the electricity law (Electricity Proclamation No.86) was amended in 1997. As the
result, power utility was privatized as Ethiopia Electric Power Corporation (hereinafter called
“EEPCo”) and the power generation sector was liberalized. In addition, Ethiopia Electricity
Agency (hereinafter called “EEA”) was established as regulatory authority of electric power
business. EEA is conducting regulation relevant to business license, investment license and grid
access 8. Afterwards EEPCo was divided into two organizations in December 2013, i.e. Ethiopian
Electric Power (hereinafter called “EEP”) which is responsible for power generation and
transmission, and Ethiopian Electricity Utility (hereinafter called “EEU”) which is responsible for
distribution.

Organization chart of EEP are shown in Figure 2-1.

CEO

External Strategic &

Communication Investment

ICT EHS & Quality

Legal Vigilance

Marketing &
Audit
Business Division

COO COO
HR & Services CFO TSC PMO
Generation Transmission

Figure 2-1 EEP Organization Chart

Source: EEP

Ethiopia was acknowledged as Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) in 2002. Ethiopia has
formulated a national development plan for poverty reduction.

Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MoFED) responsible for formulation of national
development plan announced multiple field development plan such as transportation, energy and
communication in September 2010, which is called 5 year Growth and Transformation Plan
(hereinafter called “GTP”)

The first 5 year period in GTP (11/2010 ~ 2014/2015) focused on improving quality of public

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service, especially infrastructure development, social improvement and human resource

development for education.

In the power sector GTP decided main objectives to supply electricity which is matching with the
international standard and reliable. GTP kept trying to construct new hydro power plant and
geothermal power plant, and expand existing transmission network to boost rural electrification,
and modernize transmission and distribution network to reduce power loss.

In particular, upgrading of power facility during the first period in of GTP was conducted as shown
in Table 2-1.

Currently, GTP proceeds to the second 5 year period (GTPII: 2015/15～2019/20). However, as an
important issue, expansion of transmission and distribution network is still continued.

Table 2-1 Development Objectives of Power Sector in GTP

Description of Target 2009/10 2014/15
1. Hydroelectric power generating capacity (MW) 2,000 10,000
2. Total length of distribution lines (km) 126,038 258,000
3. Total length of rehabilitated distribution lines (km) 450 8,130
4. Number of consumers with access to electricity 2,000,000 4,000,000
5. Coverage of electricity services (%) 41 75
6. Total underground power distribution system (km) 97 150
Source: Japan Electric Power Information Center Power Industry of oversea countries Chapter 2 in 2015

As mentioned in the previous section, Addis Ababa Capital Region is maintaining high population
growth and economic growth. To support continuous growth, Federal Urban Planning Institute
formulated policies of urban development at nationwide which are called Integrated Development
Plan (hereinafter called “IDP”), Oromia Special Zone Development Plan (hereinafter called
“OSZP”), etc.

Currently, there are so many developing plans under consideration, especially Addis Ababa Capital
Region as target area in this survey is expected to be developed in housing and industry sector.

Power demand in Addis Ababa Capital Region accounts for 42% (as peak demand) of the total
demand in Ethiopia 9. Therefore, improvement of transmission and distribution network is expected
to focus on Addis Ababa Capital Region from now on.

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2.2 Regulations Relevant to Improvement of Network

Regulations relevant to improvement of transmission and distribution network in Ethiopia are

described below.

Grid Code

Grid Code was issued by EEA on August 2016 as draft version.

The contents are widely covered and are explained about connection voltage to system, frequency
and even cyber security. As one case, tolerance of frequency is shown in Figure 2-2.

Extreme system operation or fault conditions (f<47.50 Hz or f>51.50 Hz) for up to 20 seconds

System Disturbance (49.0- 51.0) Hz

Normal (49.5-50.5) Hz

Maximum band under system fault (48.75-51.25)Hz

47.5 48 48.5 49 49.5 50 50.5 51 51.5
Frequency in Hz
Figure 2-2 Tolerance of Frequency at Transmission System
Source: Ethiopia Nationality Electricity Transmission Grid Code (Draft) EEA August 2016

Environmental Guideline

Ethiopia enacted the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia on August 21,
1995. The law provides the framework relevant to health and environmental preservation of people
in Ethiopia. Moreover the law specifies about the rights of land use and ownership. The policy and
proclamation about environment are widely covered. Therefore, it is important to check adequate
environmental guideline and policy from time to time. One case of proclamations is shown below.

- Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation (Proc. No 299/2002) 10

The objective of this proclamation is to make necessary Environmental Impact Assessment

(hereinafter called “EIA”) which is classified by Environmental Protection Authority. Therefore,
it is necessary to check classification of the project based on this proclamation when the new
project launches.

The Law of Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia which was established in 1995 has not
assured land ownership. As to resettlement and land acquisition, the law formulates principle of
land acquisition about public purpose. Detailed procedure and compensation is formulated by ”The
Expropriation of Landholding for Public Purpose and Payment of Compensation Proclamation
(Proc No 455/2005)” and ”Payment of Compensation for Property Situated on Landholdings
Expropriated for Public Purpose, Council Ministers Regulation No. 135/2007”. According to
regulation of No. 135/2007, land acquisition related to public purpose is implemented by local
administration, government, etc. Therefore, land acquisition related to construction of substation,
transmission tower, etc. will be expected to implement by each administration.

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Equipment Planning / Installation Criteria

Equipment planning and Installation criteria descried in AADMP are based on international
standards such as International Electrotechnical Commission (hereinafter called “IEC”) and
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (hereinafter called “IEEE”), etc. There is no big
difference between AADMP and international standards. Equipment planning process is shown in
Figure 2-3.

Frame Work of Existing

Network

Identify the Planning

Goals

Identify
the Alternatives

Evaluate the Alternatives

Select the Best

Alternative

Implement the Best

Plan

Figure 2-3 Equipment Planning Process

Source: AADMP IT/R Volume 3 Part 1

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Chapter 3 PROPOSED CONTENTS IN THE AADMP

3.1 Objective of AADMP

As mentioned in Section 1, government of Ethiopia shows necessity of investment in transmission

and distribution sectors to cope with the rapidly increased power demand in Addis Ababa Capital
Region from now on. As specific objective, government of Ethiopia presented the main target to
expand transmission and distribution network from 16,018km in 2014/15 to 21,728km in 2019/20.
Under this policy, Parsons Brinckerhoff (hereinafter called “P/B”) which is a consulting company,
of which its headquarters is in USA, conducted study from February 2014 for upgrading of
transmission and distribution network in Addis Ababa Capital Region. As the result of study, P/B
prepared AADMP in September 2015.

The main objective preparing AADMP are shown below.

 Upgrading power facilities for stable power supply from the viewpoint of the next 20 years
 Conduct Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment Study
 Training and guidance on knowledge and skill to EEP
 Improvement of business management in distribution division

As AADMP related reports, there are Interim Report (hereinafter called “AADMP IT/R”) issued
in December 2014 as an interim progress report, Final Report issued in September 2015 as Final
Report, and Executive Summary as summery of Final Report. Moreover, three months after
AADMP were issued, P/B issued Amendment One Inception Report - Final (hereinafter called
“AADMP Ic/R”) to make scope of works and procurement method clear. There are a few difference
of construction cost, scope of works and respective names between each report. However, they did
not have an intent to change a concept of AADMP, therefore, JICA Study Team has reviewed
relevant documents including AADMP and AADMP Ic/R as the main documents. The relationship
of each document is shown in Figure 3-1.

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Figure 3-1 Relationship Diagram of Each Documents in AADMP

Source: Prepared by JICA Study Team

3.2 Data and Existing Facilities

General Information on Addis Ababa Capital Region

AADMP’s study area covers the city of Addis Ababa and an approximately 50km radius around
the city. AADMP’s study area also includes Addis Ababa administration area as capital city in
Ethiopia and parts of the surrounding area of Oromia which is the largest area and population in
Ethiopia. The study area is shown in Figure 3-2 11.

11 AADMP Volume 1 Part 1

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Figure 3-2 Study Area

Source: AADMP Volume 1 Part 1

As mentioned in Section 1, in Addis Ababa Capital Region is rapid population increase is

forecasted. Population growth in the period of 30 years from 2007 to 2037 in AADMP will reach
almost four million in medium case 12 . In addition, maximum power demand in Addis Ababa
Capital Region is estimated to increase from 835MW in 2014 to 3,576MW in 2034 because of
demand growth by household and industrial sector which are caused by such an increase of
population.

12 AADMP Volume 1 Part 1

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Transmission and Substation Facilities in Addis Ababa Capital Region

There are 29 Bulk Supply Points (hereinafter called “BSP”) and primary substations in total in the
study area. The main transmission network of Addis Ababa Capital Region is as shown in Figure
3-3. The transmission line consists of ring shape surrounding center of the city. However, Addis
Centre substation (hereinafter called “ADC substation”), Addis West substation (hereinafter called
“ADW substation”), Addis East substation (hereinafter called “ADE substation”), etc. as important
feeding points for power demand are supplied as radial line from 132kV ring network. Therefore,
these substations do not satisfy N-1 criteria.

Figure 3-3 Outline of Transmission Network around Capital Region

Source: AADMP Volume 2 Part 2

There are 57 units of transformers at BSP and primary substations in the study area 13. 32% of those
transformers are in very poor condition or poor condition. Most transformers are very close to
equipment lifespan or going beyond lifespan. One case of transformer condition in Addis Ababa
Capital Region is shown in Table 3-1.

P/B conducted study of these equipment conditions based on Health Index (hereinafter called “HI”).
Concept of HI is mainly used in Western countries and as index of equipment replacement. HI is
described in (d) of this section.

13 AADMP IT/R Volume 4 Part 1

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Table 3-1 An Example of Transformer HI

Weighted Maintenanc Failure Adjusted Optimised
Trans- Substation Trafo Year Expected Remaining
Condition e Rate Remaining Interventio
ID Name Name Manufactured Asset Life Life
Score Quality Multiplier Life n
1 Aba Samuel T1 4.00 1956 50 -8 Very Poor 1.51 -25 YES
2 Addis Alem T1 1.17 2005 50 41 Excellent 0.89 47 NO
T1 1.42 1999 50 35 Excellent 0.89 41 NO
T2 1.42 1999 50 35 Excellent 0.89 41 NO
3 AddisCentre
Missing Missing Missing
T3 2.17 50 Fair 0.95 NO
Nameplate Nameplate Nameplate
T1 3.33 1966 50 2 Very Poor 1.51 -15 YES
4 Addis East I T2 3.33 1966 50 2 Very Poor 1.51 -15 YES
T1 1.75 1998 50 34 Good 0.95 37 NO
5 Addis North T2 1.75 1998 50 34 Good 0.95 37 NO
Addis South II T1 1.33 2005 50 41 Excellent 0.89 47 NO
6 T2 1.33
(Gofa) 2005 50 41 Excellent 0.89 47 NO
T1 2.08 1979 50 15 Fair 0.95 18 NO
7 Addis West T2 2.08 1998 50 34 Fair 0.95 37 NO
8 Akaki I T1 1.75 1998 50 34 Good 0.95 37 NO
T1 2.50 1987 50 23 Poor 0.95 26 YES
9 Akaki II T2 2.25 1987 50 23 Fair 0.95 26 NO
T3 2.17 1988 50 24 Fair 0.95 27 NO
Bella T1 1.25 2003 50 39 Excellent 0.89 45 NO
10 T2 1.25
(Addis East II) 2003 50 39 Excellent 0.89 45 NO

Source: AADMP IT/R Volume 4 Part 1

Distribution network in Addis Ababa Capital Region

The distribution network is generally radial type, it has main backbone and a number of spurs.
Some of spurs have no connection with other feeders. Therefore, if fault occurs, the effect of outage
might expand widely.

Although π-loop type with ring main unit, called expressway system, are installed under the Urban
Distribution Rehabilitation and Expansion Project in urban area, many of them are out of service
due to damage during the Light Rail Transit (hereinafter called “LRT”) construction. Due to the
damage of network, performances of distribution network are restricted. These situations have
caused many network issues i.e. feeder overload and excess of limitation of voltage drop. On the
other hand, these damage of expressway are planned to reinstate under the AADRUP and other
projects, therefore they are excluded from AADMP.

Most of the distribution network is operated by 15 kV, however regions with low demand density
in rural area are operated by 33kV because the distribution lines in rural area tend to be longer than
urban area. Both distribution lines are stepped down to 433V or 250V by transformer mounted on
pole or on the ground to supply housing, commercial demand, etc.

In the data collection process of the AADMP, P/B made existing distribution network model based
on EEP owned Distribution Management System (DMS). Typical amount of equipment obtained
by the data collection process is shown in Table 3-2.

Table 3-2 Outline of Distribution Equipment in Study Area

Equipment Total Quantity
MV feeders
15kV feeders 2,342 km
33kV feeders 322 km
Distribution Transformer
15kV/433V 5,413 units
33kV/433V 302 units
LV feeders 6,553 km
Source: Prepared by JICA Study Team based on AADMP Volume 2 Part 1

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By the distribution network model prepared by distribution network mapping, the condition and
performance of existing distribution network was assessed. As a result of the assessment, AADMP
found that there are a lot of overloaded and excess of limitation of voltage drop in many distribution
feeders. Table 3-3 shows an example of assessment results.

Table 3-3 An Example of Assessment Result of Distribution Network

Voltage Loading Minimum Loading Issues (% of
Substation Feeder
Issues Issues Voltage (pu) Conductor Rating)

Addis Alem ALM-15-01 レ X 91.48 -

Addis Alem ALM-15-02 レ X 91.49 -
Addis Center ADC-15-04 レ レ 91.18 179.6
Addis Center ADC-15-07 レ レ 94.38 173.8
Addis Center ADC-15-10 X レ - 181.1
Addis Center ADC-15-14 X レ - 111.7
Addis East ADE-15-02 X レ - 143
Addis North ADN-15EW-04 レ レ 94.61 174.2
Addis West ADW-15-01 X レ - 116
Addis West ADW-15-02 X レ - 149.6
Addis West ADW-15-04 X レ - 108.9
Bella BEL-15-04 レ レ 91.55 290.5
Source: AADMP IT/R Volume 4 Part 2

In addition, as to the power transmission network, P/B conducted the investigation of equipment
condition based on HI. As for the distribution network, estimation of the equipment condition of
the whole distribution network is carried out by sample survey, due to the enormous amount of
equipment and constraint of investigation time. An example of the survey results on distribution
transformers is shown in Table 3-4.

Table 3-4 An Example of the Status Survey Result of Distribution Transformer

Rating Oil Damage /
Site Poles Corrosion Comments
(kVA) Leaks Theft
Inconsistent fuse sizes on the pole mounted LV circuit breakers.
ADC04-
T001
200 3 3 3 4 Moderate corrosion on double steep poles. Damaged pole mounted
fuse boxes with exposed live contacts.

Transformer "ADC04-T077" is rated as 200kVA on DMS but 315kVA

ADC04- on nameplate. Absence of transformer mounting brackets, lightning
T077
315 1 2 1 2 arresters, and deteriorated transformerbushings. Poor clearance from
private fencing.
Wood pole split from top to bottom. Moderate corrosion on
ADC04-78 200 4 3 2 4 transformer and base. Shrubs growing into transformer. Missing
lightning arresters, and poor LV winding side installations.
ADC04-73 315 2 1 1 4 Wood pole split at the top.
Moderate oil leaks on transformer. Missing lightning arrester,
ADC05- damaged earthing, damaged pole mounted fuse breakers with
T097
200 1 2 3 4 exposed contacts. Poor clearances of transformer pole from adjacent
fence. Tree growing into transformer.
Transformer is sited within integral substation. Live busbars within
ADC09- reaching distance. Poorly insulated busbars. Cooper wire improvised
T009
630 1 2 4 4 fusing on LV board. Complete deterioration of silicon breather.
Excessive oil leak at base of transformer.

Transformer and support base severely corroded. Excessive oil leak

BEL02 -
T013
315 1 4 4 4 from tank and damage earthing. Broken pole mounted fuse boxes
with expose live contacts.

WER01-T 200
Source: AADMP IT/R Volume 4 Part 1

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As a result of the sample survey, it was indicated that 53% of MV feeders, 58% of distribution
transformers and 82% of LV feeders need for some rehabilitations.

Proposals on expansion / rehabilitation were implemented in AADMP based on the result of state
evaluation of distribution network.

Health Index (HI)

HI is to assess equipment condition based on a certain criteria. HI expresses equipment

deterioration by numerical value that is marked from zero point to four point. Many utility
companies in Western countries introduce this concept. IEEE also specifies how to determine HI.
It is becoming more common. HI means that the lower HI score, the better equipment condition,
on the other hand, the higher HI score, worse equipment condition. An example of HI is shown in
Table 3-5. In the case of evaluation of distribution transformer’s pole deterioration, HI is assessed
based on the following criteria:

- If distribution transformer is mounted on ground, it is zero point,

- If pole is relatively new, it is one point,
- If pole is excess of equipment life, it is four point, etc.

HI has a scoring system which adds points as to the worse condition. As described in Table 3-5, in
the case of distribution transformer, evaluation items consist of defacement of transformer,
deterioration of support frame, oil leakage condition, installed earth condition, etc. Moreover, HI
multiplies weighting coping with the importance by each evaluation item, sums up all evaluation
items and divide it by the total sum of weighing. The calculation equation is shown below. An
example of weighting index is shown in Table 3-6.

∑𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖=0(𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠・𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤)
Normalised Score =
∑𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖=0(𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤)
si = Condition Score
wi = Weighting Factor
si .wi = Weighted Score
Source: AADMP IT/R Volume 4 Part 1

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Table 3-5 Inspection Table for Distribution Transformer HI (Distribution Transformer)

Source: AADMP IT/R Volume 4 Part 1

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Table 3-6 An Example of Weighting Index

(Power Transformer)
Weighted Factors
Power Transformers
Criterion Description Weighting Contribution
Inspect terminals and bushings external condition, oil
1 Terminals/Bushings 2 16.7%
levels and gaskets.
Assess cooling system radiators/coolers, gaskets,
2 Cooling System 1 8.3%
fans and pumps.
Inspect oil conservator, oil level, tank external
3 Tank 2 16.7%
condition, gaskets and oil sampling valves.
Assess amount and severity of oil leaks on
4 Oil Leaks 2 16.7%
transformer.
Assess damage and theft on the transformer,
5 Damage / Theft 2 16.7%
including support structures.
Inspect transformer earthing, connections to
6 Earthing 2 16.7%
transformer and earth.
7 Silicon breather Check condition of silicon breather. 1 8.3%

8 Oil Bund Check for presence of suitable oil bund NA

Inspect transformer foundation and any fractures or
9 Foundations NA
deterioration.
Source: AADMP IT/R Volume 4 Part 1

Contents of Proposed Projects

AADMP specifies related prior projects, proposals for three construction plans and specification
proposals on automation of distribution network (SCADA) as shown below.

a) Planned and Committed Projects

b) Rehabilitation and Short Term Expansion Plan
c) Medium Term Expansion Plan
d) Long Term Expansion Plan
e) SCADA and Telecommunications

Respective construction plans are described below.

a) Planned and Committed Projects

The main concept of Planned and Committed Projects is shown in Figure 3-4. This projects aim
to secure the supply in respective substations which are short of supply caused by demand
increase, by constructing substations (including transmission line) at neighbor area.

The outline of Planned and Committed Projects is shown in Table 3-7.

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Figure 3-4 Concept for Planned and Committed Projects

Source: Prepared by JICA Study Team

Table 3-7 Outline of Planned and Committed Projects

Estimated Capital
Project Number of work
Cost (Million USD)
Addis Ababa Distribution Rehabilitation &
59 210
Upgrading Project (AADRUP)
Addis Ababa High Voltage Rehabilitation &
11 63
Upgrading Project (AAHVRUP)
Transmission and Substations Rehabilitation
18 174
and Upgrading Project (TSRUP)
Reinforcement of the Transmission Network
2 28
Project (RTNP)
Various other distribution projects within the
― 155
Study Area

Total 103 630

Source: AADMP Volume 2 Part 1, Volume 4 Part 1

b) Rehabilitation and Short Term Expansion Plan

Rehabilitation and Short Term Expansion Plan are divided into two schemes, which are Key
Project and Key Program. Key Project is composed of rehabilitation and expansion plan which
are to cope with tasks extracted from health index of substation facility, overloaded data of
distribution line, evaluation of voltage drop, and demand increase for short term (about three
years). The scheme is shown in Figure 3-5.

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A S/S Supply area A S/S Supply area

Replace conductor
Install and/or DTrB with
New Transformer bigger capacity

TrB Load: NG TrB Load: OK TrB Load: OK

D/L Load NG D/L Load NG D/L Load OK

Figure 3-5 Concept for Rehabilitation and Short Term Expansion Plan
Source: Prepared by JICA Study Team

The concept is to satisfy the demand by upgrading and replacing transformer and distribution
line. This plan is based on situation after completion of Planned and Committed Projects.
Therefore, depending on the progress of Planned and Committed Projects, there is a possibility
to delay the construction timing, however, there would be no big change of construction
schemes.

On the other hand, Key Program is to conduct full rehabilitation in the whole study area based
on health index conclusion of sample survey of distribution facility.

c) Medium Term Expansion Plan

The main concept of Medium Term Expansion Plan is shown in Figure 3-6 and Figure 3-7.
Rehabilitation and Short Term Expansion Plan is scheduled to be completed in 2017. Therefore,
Medium Term Expansion Plan is planned considering the contents of construction and
assuming the increase of demand in the future.

Moreover, Medium Term Expansion Plan aims to fade out from 45kV to unify 33kV. According
to AADMP, in the future, it is planned that the urban area will supply by 15kV middle
distribution line and the rural area will supply by 33kV middle distribution line. Therefore, the
construction plan unifying 33kV in rural area matches with AADMP.

A S/S Supply area

Replace TrB with

bigger capacity

TrB Load: close to limit TrB Load: OK

D/L Load: OK D/L Load: OK

Figure 3-6 An Example of Concept for Medium Term Expansion Plan

Source: Prepared by JICA Study Team

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A S/S Supply area A S/S Supply area

Install new Primary

substation

TrB Load: OK
TrB Load: OK
D/L Load: OK (loss decrease)
D/L Load: Loss due to
Long D/L

Figure 3-7 An Example of Concept for Medium Term Expansion Plan

Source: Prepared by JICA Study Team

d) Long Term Expansion Plan

In the AADMP, necessary cost for investment per kW is calculated by Average Incremental
Cost (hereinafter called “AIC”) which is a model including LV feeder below BSP.

AIC model consists of two models, Urban Model and Rural Model. This concept is based on
difference of installation span of distribution transformer and voltage between MV feeder in
urban area and rural area. The models using AIC calculation are shown in Figure 3-8 and Figure
3-9. In addition, AIC is shown in Table 3-8. The table shows that the cost of investment per kW
in rural area is more expensive than those in urban area.

Figure 3-8 AIC Urban Model

Source: AADMP Volume 2 Part 2

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Figure 3-9 AIC Rural Model

Source: AADMP Volume 2 Part 2

Table 3-8 Average Incremental Cost (USD/kW)

Load Category AIC
Urban LV 675
Urban MV 158
Rural LV 731
Rural MV 305
Source: AADMP Volume 2 Part 2

The AIC is multiplied by respective demand growth in each sub-city/woreda to obtain the
annual investment costs. Urban Model is applied to sub-city in Addis Ababa, and Rural Model
is applied to woreda in Oromia.

As the result of calculation, the average annual investment cost for 12 years from 2023 to 2034
is estimated to be USD 62 million, and USD 745 million in total 14. This shows that continuous
rehabilitation and expansion are planned from now on.

e) SCADA and Telecommunications

As offline management system of distribution facility in Addis Ababa Capital Region,

Distribution Management System (hereinafter called “DMS”) is introduced. In AADMP, new
MV network SCADA system which can unify existing DMS is studied for specification and

14 AADMP Volume 2 Part 2

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tasks. According to AADMP, SCADA and telecommunication system of MV is recommended

to isolate from HV SCADA system from the viewpoints of future extensibility, operability,
capacity constrain of HV SCADA system and business separation of EEP /EEU.

Meanwhile, the project under construction in AADRUP is introducing new distribution

SCADA system by China firm, however, it is planned to add MV SCADA system to the existing
HV SCADA system. Therefore, AADMP has suggested to change this plan.

3.3 Implementation Method of Proposed Projects

AADMP prepares the respective construction plans described in the previous section, and
formulated contents of constructions and its budget. However, AADMP did not specify the
package of construction works and procurement method. Therefore, AADMP Ic/R which is issued
three months later after AADMP was issued, provides construction work as mentioned before. The
package of construction work is shown in Figure 3-10.

Figure 3-10 Image of Construction Package in AADMP Ic/R

Source: Prepared by JICA Study Team

There are two important points, the one is that Package 4. ADC Substation upgrade was changed
dramatically because of low progress of a part of Planned and Committed Projects. Another one is
that a part of full rehabilitation of distribution facility suggested as Key Program was included in
Package 5 Pilot Project for Rehabilitation Work. Objective of Package 5 is to examine construction
method of deteriorated distribution equipment and adequacy of construction budget. EEU will
conduct widespread replacement of deteriorated facility as Rehabilitation Key Programs using
experience which is obtained through Package 5.

In Planned and Committed Projects, to spread high demand in ADC substation located in the most
important loading area in Addis Ababa, new substation named Black Lion substation (hereinafter
called “BLL substation”) is planned to be constructed one kilometer away from and north-west of
ADC substation. BLL substation will be supplied from ADC substation by 132kV underground
cable, therefore, by construction of BLL substation will be satisfied with N-1 criteria 15.

15 AADMP Volume 2 Part 2

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However, in AADMP Ic/R, the plan was changed because of undefined delay of construction of
BLL substation. In particular, ADC substation will be connected to Kaliti I substation which is 14
km away from ADC substation, as Short and Medium Term Projects. By this construction, ADC
substation will be satisfied with N-1 criteria. In addition, EEP will install new transformer and
replace to bigger capacity transformer to cope with overload in ADC substation.

Construction contents and procurement method of respective packages are shown in Table 3-9. In
addition, as to Packages I to III, finance of AfDB is scheduled 16.

Table 3-9 Outline of Package of Construction and Procurement Method

Procurement Cost
No. Project Contents
Package (M US$)

【Objective substations: 22 places】

- Construct new distribution line, upgrade, and
Package I modification of network
I Rehabilitation Project 10.8
(EPC) - Construct new substations, upgrade and rehabilitation
(except short term expansion and EEU’s works from
main rehabilitation projects of AADMP)

【Objective substations: 9 places (Under 66kV)】

Short and Medium Package II - Construct new distribution line, upgrade and
II modification of operation voltage 21.1
Term Project (EPC)
- additional installation of distribution transformer
- Construct new substations and upgrade

【Objected substations: 12 places（Over 66kV）】

Short and Medium Package III
III - Construct new substation and upgrade 46.9
Term Project (EPC)
- Construct new 132kV transmission line132kV

【Objective substations: ADC S/S】

Short and Medium
Package IV Upgrade plan of ADC substation
IV Term Project 41.3
(EPC) - construction new 132kV underground cable
(ADC S/S Only)
- replacement of GIS from AIS
Pilot project related to rehabilitation program suggested in
Rehabilitation Program Package V AADMP (widespread rehabilitation)
V 23.7
(Pilot Project) (EPC) - Rehabilitation of MV/LV conductor
- Rehabilitation of distribution transformer
VI SCADA N/A - Installation of SCADA and Telecommunication system --
VII Consulting Service N/A - Detail design and supervise of this projects --
VIII Imported Goods Package VI - Distribution Transformer 19.7
- MV/LV switchgear
IX Imported Goods Package VII - MV conductor and cable 38.4
- MV insulator and others（Import goods）

- LV conductor and cable

X Imported Goods Package VIII - LV cutout 52.8
- LV insulator and others（Import goods）

- Wood pole, steel pole, concreate pole, steel pipe pole,

XI Domestic Goods Package IX 37.6
arm hardware, branch line, etc. (Domestic goods)
- Rehabilitation works of MV/LV conductor and distribution
MV Feeders and MV/LV transformer (Goods are provided by EEU)
XII Package X 30.0
Substation Rehabilitation Works

- Rehabilitation of MV conductor (Goods are provided by

XIII LV Feeders Rehabilitation Works Package XI 34.6
EEU)
Source: Prepared by JICA Study Team

16 Letter “Modification of Formulation of “Addis Ababa Transmission and Distribution System Rehabilitation and Upgrading Project ”, dated
March 24, 2017, JICA

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3.4 Tasks Extracted from AADMP

Tasks in General related to AADMP

a) Task 1 Uncertainty due to related projects

AADMP study identifies parts of the network which do not meet the planning criteria in terms
of voltage or loading limits based on the medium-term demand increase, as well as the areas of
the network which were found to be in poor physical condition. Then, based on the result, a
number of rehabilitation and expansion project were proposed. Meanwhile, these plans were
being considered on the basis of many other planned and committed projects such as AADRUP,
and it is necessary to revise the timing and contents of the AADMP plan according to the
progress of the related projects.

b) Task 2 Lack of information to evaluate the feasibility and validity of AADMP

Since it is not specified in the AADMP related document about the preconditions and various
kinds of data used in AADMP, detailed confirmation of these is necessary before
commencement of the implementation stage. The specific contents are described below.

 Key projects were studied by state evaluation and network analysis on substation units,
however, the model used for network analysis cannot be confirmed by AADMP.

 The rationale for the unit price used for cost estimation is unknown. In particular, the
breakdown of the unit price (Refurbish / Repair, Replacement) used for calculating the
rehabilitation cost of the Key Program is unknown.

 Asset evaluation by HI indicator was done, but the criterion of judgment of each equipment
is not clear. In particular, in the Key Program, the ratio of the repair method (maintenance,
refurbish / repair or replacement) is calculated from the survey results, however, the criterion
for classification is not indicated.

 In the sample survey for identifying the state of the distribution equipment, there is no
information that can judge the validity and effectiveness of the survey, as the number of
samples, sample extraction method, etc. are not described.

Regarding the above Tasks 1 and 2, it is necessary to confirm the feasibility and validity of
AADMP by updating information and confirming the contents of unknown points in the field
survey.

Task Relevant to Individual Package

a) Task 3 Task relevant to ADC substation (Package IV)

ADC substation is planned to replace AIS with GIS, however, GIS will be installed on the same
foot print of the existing AIS because of small spread of the ADC substation.

In the case of replacement of the same foot print, to prevent long period power outage,
constructor need adequate construction method such as bypass method to minimize power
outage. However, relevant documents including AADMP did not specify construction method,
therefore there is a task as possibility of construction.

For this Task 3, study is done for realistic solution in site survey.

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Task from the perspective of "Quality Infrastructure"

In the AADMP, it was focusing to solve insufficient capacity among the three problems (Lack of
capacity, Poor reliability and High losses) in the transmission and distribution network of the study
area mentioned in Section 1. As a result of solving capacity shortage, the remaining two problems
(Poor reliability and High losses) will only be partially resolved.
An ideal distribution network is a quality distribution network that can be sustainable for a long
time, which satisfies with the elements as shown in Figure 3-11.

In particular, since Addis Ababa is one of Africa's leading world cities and located many
international organizations such as Headquarters of African Union, it is expected to become a city
with great influence that will demonstrate initiatives to other African countries. From this point of
view, the construction of an ideal distribution network with quality is a necessary proposition. The
task that AADMP lacks from the viewpoint of that should aim for establishment of ideal
distribution network.

Figure 3-11 Quality distribution system component

Source: Prepared by JICA Study Team

a) Task 4 Approach concerning distribution loss reduction

In AADMP, it is proposed to reduce the loss by boosting the distribution line voltage (15 kV to
33 kV), installing the primary substation and the like. However, it is limited to proposals based
on current specifications, and lacks recommendations on equipment specifications from a
viewpoint of lower loss.

In other words, the network-wide rehabilitation of the distribution equipment implemented

after Package 5 is an opportunity to upgrade into quality distribution network, however, the
study on loss reduction does not extend to low loss equipment.

b) Task 5 Approach on improving supply reliability

To supply high quality electricity, it is necessary to improve both the frequency of power
outages (SAIFI) and the duration of power failure (SAIDI). Although it is expected that the
frequency of blackouts will decrease as a result of the network-wide rehabilitation, it is not
considered to improve the specification of the equipment. In order to achieve higher supply

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reliability, efforts to reduce power outage time are necessary. However, this is only a
recommendation on the specification of SCADA for MV network. It is necessary to consider
the introduction of distribution equipment that leads to improvement of supply reliability.

c) Task 6 Approach on equipment maintenance

In AADMP, there were many descriptions about the lack of equipment maintenance. Although
the importance of maintenance was explained, it did not mention the concrete method. Also, in
order to maintain large quantities of distribution equipment periodically and maintain high
reliability, it is necessary to introduce an asset management system and to train engineers and
field engineers.

The AADMP stated the necessity of such tackling 17, however, long-term tackling are necessary
for the development and introduction of systems and human resource. Therefore, in parallel
with such development, it is necessary to tackle the introduction of power distribution
equipment with long-term reliability and easy maintenance.

The above-mentioned Tasks 4 to 6 are task from the viewpoint of improvement of "Quality
Infrastructure" that the distribution network in the Addis Ababa Capital Region should aim, and
by solving these task it will be able to upgrade into a quality distribution network. A conceptual
diagram to solve problem is shown in Figure 3-12.

Figure 3-12 AADMP Task and Solutions

Source: Prepared by JICA Study Team

17 AADMP Volume 4 Part 2

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3.5 Applicable Quality Infrastructure for Network in Addis Ababa

This Section describes preliminary examination about applicable Quality Infrastructure as solution
for Tasks 4 to 6 which are extracted as a viewpoint from “High Quality Infrastructure” and Task 3
which is extracted as individual package.

In particular, for Task 3, we examine the Quality Infrastructure which is advantageous against
small foot print. For Task 4 to 6, we examine the Quality Infrastructure which is advantageous
against increase of supply reliability and decrease of distribution loss. The equipment which
satisfies the advantage mentioned above are shown in Table 3-10.

Table 3-10 Applicable Quality Infrastructure for Addis Ababa Capital Region
Examination
Applicable Target Advantage of Quality Infrastructure Correspondence
Equipment
Amorphous AMT has high characteristic efficiency compared to traditional
Distribution
Transformer transformer (CRGOT). AMT is expected reduction of Task 4
Transformer
(AMT) distribution loss.
Pin post insulator is different from pin insulator using
D/L Equipment

distribution line generally. There is no pin part inside of

Insulator for MV Pin Post Insulator porcelain, therefore Pin post insulator is expected reduction Task 5,6
of fault of crack dramatically. Contamination resistance is
superior.
Automatic Operation
Time Sequential Time Sequential Sectionalizing System can reduce recovery
of Switchgear
Sectionalizing time and minimize power outage section by combining with Task 5
(Distribution
System substation reclosing relay 18.
Automation System)
GIS has advantage to minimize foot print and gas leak
132 ~ 66kV GIS quantity. GIS made in Japan has intent to install it outdoor.
Substation (Gas Insulated There are so many installation record overseas. Overseas Task 3,6
Outdoor Switchgear Switchgear) maker start manufacturing outdoor type GIS, however
installation record of outdoor type GIS is big difference.
S/S Equipment

The equipment which connects transformer (oil insulated) to

132 ~ 66kV
Direct Connection GIS (gas insulated) directly is Quality Infrastructure. It is
Transformer
GIS with costly equipment, however there is few possibility to fault Task 3,6
Connection
Transformer occur because all live parts are covered. Moreover it can
equipment
install very small foot print.
It is costly equipment compared to conventional can type
132 ~ 66kV Tank Type Power
capacitor, however it has advantage of maintenance free and Task 5,6
Power Capacitor Capacitor
earthquake resistance. It is Quality Infrastructure.
Source: Prepared by JICA Study Team

a) Amorphous Transformer (AMT)

Amorphous transformer (hereinafter called “AMT”) is equipped with amorphous alloy core
inside transformer. No-load loss can be greatly reduced by its excellent electrical characteristics.
Depending on the operational condition of the transformer, it can be reduced by about 40%
compared to conventional transformer (hereinafter called “CRGOT”).

Although AMT would increase initial cost compared to CRGOT, AMT can reduce operational
cost due to decrease of distribution loss. Therefore, JICA Study Team considers availability
from the viewpoint of lifecycle cost. As shown in Figure 3-13, effect of decreasing distribution
loss by AMT against CRGOT is depending on utilization and load factor. For consideration of
availability, we need to know operational condition of transformer which is used by EEU’s MV
distribution network during site survey.

18 Distribution line in study area, Automatic Operation of Switchgear is applied only hospital and important facilities such a government
institution. –Source: AADMP Volume 3 Part 2

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Figure 3-13 Comparison of Efficient Characteristic between AMT and CRGOT

Source: Prepared by JICA Study Team using document from Toshiba Corporation

b) Pin Post Insulator

Pin post insulator is solid-core type insulator, as shown in Figure 3-14, and has ever installed
in Ethiopia by Japanese Grant Project in the past 19. There is no fear of crack by expansion of
concrete because of no metal pin parts covered with concrete inside of porcelain. Moreover,
lightning and anti-contamination performance are superior because of long creepage distance.
(Figure 3-15) Due to air pollution caused by the economic growth in Ethiopia, there is a
possibility that trouble in distribution lines will increase in the future. Therefore, JICA Study
Team examines the applicability of pin post insulator.

Figure 3-14 Pin Post Insulator Figure 3-15 Comparison of Pollution Resistance
Source: Acquisition documents by JICA Study Team from NGK Insulators, Ltd.

c) Time Sequential Sectionalizing System (TSS)

Time Sequential Sectionalizing (hereinafter called “TSS”) System is very effective to reduce
outage time as shown in Figure 3-16. AADMP does not specify the specification and
rehabilitation plan of switchgear for MV feeder clearly, therefore, TSS system is required to
examine applicability with spec in Ethiopia. However, TSS system can operate independently
from the existing distribution management system, therefore, there are strong possibility to be
able to apply TSS system to the existing distribution system.

19 Addis Ababa Administration area distribution network upgrading plan, GOJ, ODA (1997-98)

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Figure 3-16 Comparison of Outage Before/After the Installation of TSS System

Source: Acquisition documents by JICA Study Team from Nissin Electric

d) Tank Type Capacitor

Tank type capacitor can be installed with smaller foot print compared to conventional “can-
type” capacitor and has an advantage of earthquake resistance because of being installed on
foundation directly. Tank type capacitor and can-type capacitor are shown in Figure 3-17 and
Figure 3-18. Moreover, characteristic of the respective capacitors is shown in Table 3-11.
Equipment cost of tank type capacitor would be four times or five times higher in cost of can-
type. However, tank type capacitor has a characteristic of long lifespan, maintenance free, etc.

Figure 3-17 Tank Type Capacitor Figure 3-18 Can Type Capacitor
Source: Acquisition documents by JICA Study Team from Nissin Electric

Table 3-11 Comparison of Characteristics of Capacitor

Tank Type Can Type

Lifespan Long Short

Need
Maintenance Free
（Include auxiliary equipment）
High Low
Safety
（Outer case is grounded） （Outer case is live parts）

Foot print Small Large

Source: Prepared by JICA Study Team based on document from Nissin

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e) GIS (Outdoor Installation Type)

GIS is the switchgear whose live parts is covered by earthed metal enclosure and filled up SF6
gas which is 3 times of dielectric strength of air.

GIS can reduce foot print dramatically compared to Air Insulated Switchgear (hereinafter called
“AIS”), therefore, GIS is mainly installed in urban area which have narrow foot print. In
addition, GIS does not need fear of declining dielectric strength even low air density and high
altitude area such as Ethiopia, because GIS’s live parts is covered by SF6 gas with high pressure.
Even Western manufacturers produce a lot of GIS, however, GIS made in Western
manufacturers is assumed to be installed inside the building. Meanwhile, GIS made in Japan is
both installed inside and outside, and there are so many installation track record in overseas.
By installing GIS outside, construction cost of building can be reduced. An example installing
GIS is shown in Figure 3-19.

Figure 3-19 An Example of Outdoor and Indoor Type GIS

Source: Acquisition documents by JICA Study Team from Nissin Electric

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Chapter 4 ANALYSIS OF TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

IMPROVEMENT IN THE CAPITAL REGION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1 Analysis of Transmission and Distribution Network Improvement in the Capital

Region

Result of Field Survey for Substation Equipment

JICA Study Team conducted field survey of five substations and Load Dispatching center. List of
survey facility relevant to substations are show below.

- Addis Centre Substation (Existing)

- Addis Centre Substation (New site)
- Addis East Substation
- Nifas Silk Substation
- Kaliti-I Substation
- Black Lion Substation (Under Construction)
- Load Dispatching Center

Summery of respective substations are show below.

a) Addis Centre Substation (Existing)

ADC substation is located in southeast of Mexico Square which is center of Addis Ababa
Capital Region. ADC substation has supplied significant customer such as African Union,
Palace, etc. Therefore, ADC substation is required for one of the highest reliability in Ethiopia.
EEP is planning to install new head quarter at southeast of Mexico Square including exiting
ADC substation site. According to AADMP Ic/R, ADC substation will conduct whole
replacement using existing ADC substation foot print. However, according to interview of
relevant persons such as EEP, AfDB, city administration, etc. ADC substation will be moved
700 meter away from and south of existing site. Existing ADC substation consists of three
transformer called T1, T2, T3 which are good and fair condition. Cubicle which is connected
T3 is very poor condition and located in non-manned control room. Moreover, alarm such as
trip information is not sent to manned control room. Therefore, operator which is in ADC
substation has to monitor T3 cubicle periodically. Existing ADC substation is shown in Figure
4-1, Figure 4-2.

Figure 4-1 Power Transformer Figure 4-2 Incoming Transmission Line

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b) Addis Centre Substation (New Site)

As mentioned before, ADC Substation will be moved to new location. The new site is 8000
meter square and administrated by city government. Some illegal residents are in site. However,
according to interview, city government will resettle the residents by government’s
responsibility and budget including compensation for residents. EEP needs to submit substation
layout to be supplied with new site by city government. Moreover, EEP tries to minimize
substation layout to get understanding city government because new ADC substation site is
located center of Addis Ababa Capital Region. New ADC substation site is shown in Figure
4-3 and Figure 4-4.

Figure 4-3 Road in front of New ADC S/S Figure 4-4 Location Map ADC S/S

c) Upgrading of ADC Substation

Upgrading of ADC substation is critical project to build reliable power system for Addis Ababa
Capital Region. However, plan of upgrading of ADC substation changed several times due to
progress of BLL substation, land acquisition, load shifted, etc. Change of plans are shown in
Figure 4-5. According to AADMP, new substation called BLL Substation will be installed about
one kilometer away from existing ADC substation to support ADC substation’s demand supply.
However, according to AADMP Ic/R, construction of BLL substation was undefined delay.
Therefore, construction of new ADC substation which has five transformers was planned.
Moreover, to supply power demand and satisfy N-1 criteria, replacing existing single circuit
transmission tower with new double circuit underground transmission line was planned. At the
time of Kick off meeting held by EEP with JICA Study Team in July, 2017, EEP has announced
to change a composition of transmission line from all underground transmission line to mixed
transmission line both underground cable and overhead transmission line to save construction
cost. Moreover, to boost reliability of ADC substation and BLL substation, JICA Study Team
suggested to install new underground transmission line from BLL substation to ADC substation.
Due to this power system configuration, ADC substation and BLL substation could cope with
N-2 criteria such as simultaneous double busbar fault, two circuit transmission fault, etc.

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Figure 4-5 Change of Plan About ADC S/S

d) Addis East and Nifas Silk Substation

JICA Study Team surveyed Addis East Substation (hereinafter called “ADE substation”) and
Nifas Silk Substation (hereinafter called “NIF substation”) to understand standard of new
substation. ADE and NIF substation are upgraded from 45kV to 132kV recently. Both
substations are installed indoor type GIS and 132/15kV stepdown transformer. ADE substation
is supplied by double overhead transmission line from Cotibie substation. NIF substation is
supplied by double underground cable from Kaliti-II substation. Moreover, both substation are
installed Substation Automation System (hereinafter called “SAS”) using bay control units.
Communication protocol in substation is applied to IEC61850. Both substation design are met
with world standard. Therefore, there is no serious problem about new substation. ADE and
NIF substation are shown in Figure 4-6 to Figure 4-9.

Figure 4-6 ADE S/S Power Transformer and GIS Figure 4-7 ADE S/S Incoming T/L

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Figure 4-8 NIF S/S Configuration of SAS Figure 4-9 NIF S/S Incoming T/L

e) Kaliti-I Substation

Kaliti-I substation is power source for existing ADC substation. Kaliti-I substation is supplied
by 230kV, then stepdown from 230kV to 132kV by autotransformer. Circuit configuration of
230kV and 132kV are composed of double busbar system of AIS. Therefore, Kaliti-I substation
has high reliability. However, since transmission line to ADC substation is single overhead
transmission line, in case of single bus fault, ADC substation would be power outage. Control
and protection configuration of Kaliti-I substation is used of Remote Terminal Unit (hereinafter
called “RTU”) based SCADA and mimic board panel as backup. Kaliti-I substation is shown
in Figure 4-10 to Figure 4-13.

Figure 4-10 Power Transformer 230/132kV Figure 4-11 Outgoing T/L

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Figure 4-12 230kV Switchgear Yard Figure 4-13 Existing RTU (Micom C264)

f) Black Lion Substation (Under Construction)

BLL substation is located in 500 meter away from and north of existing ADC substation. As
mentioned before, main purpose of BLL substation is to support of ADC substation demand
supply. As of July, 2017, BLL substation is under construction. Main equipment such as power
transformers have already installed in BLL substation. However, transmission line from Addis
West substation as power source for BLL substation to BLL substation has not started
construction yet. A part of transmission line needs to be underground due to land constrain
Therefore, completion of BLL substation is expected within this year. Present condition and
location of BLL substation are shown in Figure 4-14, Figure 4-15.

Figure 4-14 BLL Substation Figure 4-15 Location Map

g) Load Dispatching Center (LDC)

LDC is located in nearby Weregenu substation which is eastside of Addis Ababa Capital Region.
LDC is responsible for monitoring and operation of HV facility through HV SCADA system.
LDC operates and monitors whole Ethiopia substations equipment above secondary side circuit
breaker of transformer. The number of substations is 192 in Ethiopia. LDC operates and monitor
power stations such as Hydro power plant. As to substation, LDC can monitor circuit breaker
condition, close or open including trip information. However, LDC cannot monitor alarm such
as low gas pressure, MCB trip, etc. GE’s e-terra platform is adopted as SCADA system

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Result of Field Survey for Distribution Equipment

a) Configuration of Distribution Network

1) Configuration of Distribution Equipment

The distribution network in Addis Ababa is implemented with 15kV or 33kV on the primary
side (medium voltage) and 400V/230V on the secondary side (low voltage), and most of the
facilities are formed by overhead distribution equipment. The medium voltage feeder and
the low voltage feeder are supported by separate poles (Figure 4-16: left), the route of both
feeder also has a different layout, with few overlapping parts.

Pin type insulator and line post insulator are used for insulation of MV feeder. Pin type
insulators are used for old equipment, line post insulator are used in newly installed
equipment.

Various capacity transformers are applied to the distribution transformer, but mainly those
of the 200-315 kVA class are installed. Small capacity Transformers (up to 400 kVA) are
installed at the poles of the MV feeder using a concrete pedestal (Figure 4-16: center), or
installed at the H arranged poles (Figure 4-16: Right). In the case of a large capacity
transformers of 500 kVA or more, they are installed on the ground.

A cutout and a lightning arrestor are installed on the primary side of the transformer to
protect from overcurrent and lightning overvoltage.

Low-voltage feeders are 400V / 230V three-phase four-wire distribution line.

It is supplied to small-scale customers by the overhead service line connected to above-

mentioned low-voltage feeder. Large customers are directly supplied at 15 kV, or directly
supplied at 33 kV in areas where 33 kV distribution facilities are in place.

Figure 4-16 Installation Status of Distribution Equipment

2) Configuration of Distribution Network

The network configuration of the distribution system in Addis Ababa is configured by a

large capacity backbone line called an Express way draw out from each substation, and it is
connected at the end point to the another Express way draw out from the adjacent substation.
At this interconnection point, a switching station (hereinafter called “Sw/St”: ring main
unit) is installed, and the interconnection switch is normally open.

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When a failure occurs in one Express way, the CB of the substation operates and outage
occurs. However, by operating switch of Sw/St, it is possible to transfer the load to adjacent
Express way and supply power without using the damaged Express way. Theses system
ensure supply reliability of the distribution network. Details of the Express way will be
described later.

The existing old distribution network is networked by overhead line apart from Express way,
and this network is used to supply to the area via Express way. This supply network is
separated to a number of fixed area, end of which is connected to the branch circuit of Sw/St
installed at Express way and supplied via it.

3) Express Way system

The distribution network configuration in Addis Ababa is based on a backbone feeder called
Express way. The basic structure of the Express way is shown in Figure 4-17.

Figure 4-17 Basic Structure of the Express Way

Express way consists of high capacity feeder draw out from substation and 3 or 4 Sw/St
(Figure 4-18) installed in the way of feeder. End point of Express way is connected via Sw/St
to another Express way draw out from adjacent substation. In the event of a fault in one
Express way, it is possible to supply to each other's without fault section. Sw / St is a multi-
circuit switchgear, and it can branch to four circuit. Each circuit is connected to the existing
overhead distribution line and supplies to the surrounding area.

Appearance Inside
Figure 4-18 Switching Station

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Each circuit of Sw/St is equipped with a circuit breaker with protection relay. If a fault
occurs in the distribution line connected to this circuit breaker, it is operated and the fault
section is disconnected before the circuit breaker of the substation operates.

The Express way is equipped with an optical fiber line, and the status information of Sw/St
(voltage, current, accident type, circuit breaker state) will be transferred to substations and
Distribution Control Center (hereinafter called “DCC”) via the SCADA system which will
be introduced in the future. In the Express way with SCADA system, it is possible to
automate distribution system operation including remote control of distribution system. This
function is equivalent to the time sequential sectionalizing system 20 which is option of JICA
Study Team.

However, both distribution lines and communication lines are damaged in many places due
to the construction work of the LRT. In addition, the automation system (Software) for
distribution system operation is under construction yet. Therefore, the current Express way
cannot automate the operation of distribution system, and as a result, the following problem
arises in the distribution system in Addis Ababa.

b) State of Distribution Equipment

1) Addis Centre Substation

The ADC substation is supplied to the center of Addis Ababa through a 15 kV distribution
line. This substation is planned to be reinforced with the relocation in the future, the current
situation is as follows. The ADC substation is supplied by single overhead transmission line
of 132 kV from Kaliti I and steps down to the distribution voltage of 15 kV. Two 31.5 MVA
transformers (T1 and T2) and a 12 MVA transformer (T3) are installed in ADC substation
and the total capacity is 75 MVA. There are twelve feeders supplied from T1 and T2 (Figure
4-19) and two feeders supplied from T3.

An example of the daily load curve of the feeder of T1 and T2 is shown in Figure 4-20. The
sum of feeder load is 54 MW, and the load factor of T1 · T2 is as high as 85%.

Figure 4-19 15kV Switchgear Panels

20 3.5 C) Time Sequential Sectionalizing System (TSS)

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Daily Load Curve at ADC ( July 2017)

7.0

6.0

Load (MW) 5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Figure 4-20 An Example of Daily Load Curve of ADC

Previously, eleven Express way was drawn out from ADC substation, but eight of them are
not in service currently due to the damage by the construction work of LRT (Figure 4-21).
Therefore, supply from ADC is mainly conducted with conventional outgoing equipment
(Figure 4-22).

Figure 4-21 Status of Expressway draw from ADC

Figure 4-22 Conventional Outgoing Feeder Equipment

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In the area surrounding the ADC substation, other

projects about distribution facilities is undergoing, so
there is mixture of old and new rehabilitated facilities
(Figure 4-24).

In old feeders, thin conductors are mainly used for

both medium-voltage and low-voltage, which might
be a factor of increasing distribution loss, so it is
necessary to reconsider the conductor size at
rehabilitation.

Thin wooden poles are often used, so it is necessary

to be replaced to concrete pole which can support to
larger size conductor or transformer when it is
Figure 4-23 Mixed Situation of
rehabilitated.
New and Old Facilities
2) Addis East Substation

ADE substation is supplied by single 45kV overhead transmission line from Cotobie and
steps down to distribution voltage of 15 kV. ADE substation has two 6MVA transformer (T1
and T 2) (Figure 4-24), and total capacity is 12 MVA.

Currently, the ADE substation is upgrading in the neighboring land. After completion of
upgrading, ADE substation will be supplied by double 132kV overhead transmission line
from Cotobie and total capacity will be increased to 150kVA with three 50MVA transformer.
Also construction of twelve overhead Express way from newly ADE substation is
proceeding (Figure 4-25), supply capacity for the surrounding area of ADE substation will
be greatly increased after completion.

Figure 4-24 Transformer of ADE (6MVA) Figure 4-25 Expressway Outgoing

Equipment under Construction

3) Progress of distribution network construction by various projects

In Addis Ababa, distribution network expansion and refurbishment projects by many donor
are undergoing in parallel. Therefore, when implementing similar new constructions in the
future, it is necessary to clarify the scope of their implementation so as not to cause duplicate
construction.

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4) Confirmation of condition assessment for rehabilitation

In order to evaluate the validity of the condition assessment of the distribution equipment
conducted in AADMP, JICA Study Team confirmed the distribution equipment jointly with
the EEP project team. Based on the survey sheet conducted by AADMP (Fig. 4 26), JICA
Study Team conducted verification of EEP researcher's judgment criteria and on-site
equipment, and confirmed that AADMP survey results is validity.

Figure 4-26 An Example of Survey Sheet

Low Voltage Feeder Status of protection fuse for transformer secondary

side
Figure 4-27 Confirmation of Validity of Distribution Equipment Assessment

c) Status of Distribution Network operation

1) Monitoring network condition at substation

Currently, operation of the distribution system (the equipment on the load side from the
secondary side of the substation transformer) is being implemented by the EEU.

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The monitoring and control personnel (Figure 4-29)

reside at the substation 24 hours in three shifts to
periodically measure and record the voltage and current
of the transformer and distribution feeder. When these
measured values are abnormal or an alarm of the
protection relay is displayed, the monitoring and
control personnel contacts the DCC and conduct an
appropriate circuit breaker operation, thereby coping
with the abnormality. Since such data of the substation
is not displayed in the DCC, there is no means for
grasping the state of the substation as a whole. Figure 4-28 Monitoring and
Control Personnel
Since SCADA system is not maintained between DCC
and each substation, communication measure is only by manual communication such as
telephone. Figure 4-29 shows the current communication system related to distribution
network operation. From such circumstances, it is urgent to install SCADA in order to
improve reliability and efficiency of network operation.

Figure 4-29 Communication System related to Distribution Network Operation

2) Distribution Control Center

DCC plays a role of collectively monitoring and controlling substations and distribution
systems in Addis Ababa. However, as described above, the all the data and information
processing is carried out by manual processing by the DCC operator (Figure 4-30).

On the other hand, as a first step toward automation of power distribution network operation
in the future, a database called as DMS600 has been installed that can display all distribution
lines in Addis Ababa (Figure 4-31). However, DMS600 is installed with offline, and it is not
utilized for the work of the above DCC operator.

DMS600 is planned to be expanded to automation function of the monitoring and control of

the substation and distribution system by combine with the automatic control function of
Express way.

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Figure 4-30 DCC Operator Figure 4-31 DMS600

3) Correspondence to fault of distribution network

Current communication system of each department related to the network operation at fault
of distribution network is similarly as shown in Figure 4-29.

When a fault occurs on the Express way backbone, a relay at the substation detects a fault,
and the restoration is carried out shown in Case 2 in Figure 4-29.

On the other hand, when a fault occurs in the distribution system connected to the branch
circuit of the Express way, a fault is detected by the Sw/St relay. But there is a problem in
detection of fault due to the incompletion of automation for Express way. In other words, if
a fault occurs in the branch circuit of the Express way, the substation relays does not detect
the fault because the Sw/St circuit breaker operates quickly. So substation operator cannot
know the fault occurrence and fault circuit. In this case EEU currently can know fault
information only by contact from customers.

In view of such circumstances, it is urgent to install an automatic control function of Express

way in order to streamline the operation of distribution network including reduction of fault
restoration time.

d) Workshop for repairmen of distribution transformer

EEU repairs aging transformers and fault transformers at their own workshop. Since the
structure of AMT which is considering introduction in the future project is different from the
conventional transformer (CRGOT) currently installed by EEU, JICA Study Team investigated
that it can respond to repair AMT with existing facilities of Workshop whether or not.

Repair in the workshop is carried out by the following procedure. (Figure 4-32)

Acceptance of transformer
⇒ Judgment test of deterioration (resistance and insulation resistance measurement)
⇒ Replace deteriorated / failed parts
⇒ Replace insulated oil
⇒ Characteristic test by actual load
⇒ Shipping

In the case of coil fault, the work of disassembling the iron core and replacing with a new coil
is carried out. Coils for replacement are manufactured themselves using winding machines
equipped at the Workshop (Figure 4-33). Only the cylindrical coil (Figure 4-34) can be
manufactured with this winding machine.

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On the other hand, AMT considering to introduce is used a rectangular coil structure (Figure
4-35), so in order to cope with the similar repair as CRGOT, it is necessary to deploy dedicated
winding machines and introduction training.

In addition, there are many stock of partially deteriorated transformer, and repair parts can be
procured by taking out sound parts from them (Figure 4-36).

Figure 4-32 Transformer Repair Line Figure 4-33 Coil Winding Machine

Figure 4-34 Cylindrical Coil Figure 4-35 Rectangular Coil

Figure 4-36 Transformer Stock

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Results of consideration for Introduction of Quality Infrastructure (Substation)

JICA Study Team conducted evaluation of Quality Infrastructures from the technical viewpoints.
This chapter describes Quality Infrastructures relevant to substation.

Applicable Quality Infrastructures for substation are shown below.

- Outdoor Type Gas Insulated Switchgear

- Direct Connection GIS with Transformer
- Tank Type Capacitor

a) Outdoor Type Gas Insulated Switchgear

Addis Ababa Capital Region is expected to build numerous huge building. Especially, the area
which is supplied from ADC substation would be a center of not only Addis Ababa Capital
Region but also in Africa. According to interview relevant persons such as EEP, city
administration, etc. spread of the site for installation of new ADC substation is expected to strict
constraint. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize the spread of the site for new ADC substation.
From such a situation, outdoor type GIS is high possibility that new ADC substation is installed.
According to our substation design, spread of the site for new ADC substation which GIS
installs could be 2500 meter square. The draft substation layout for new ADC substation is
shown in Figure 4-37.

Figure 4-37 Substation Layout for New ADC Substation

b) Direct Connection GIS with Transformer

Direct connection GIS with transformer could reduce substation foot print. However number
of transformers new ADC substation would be a five units, therefore, enclosure of GIS would
be long. Moreover, foundation of transformer and GIS needs to unify. From those reasons,
construction cost is expected to be high. JICA Study Team suggests that direct connection GIS
with transformer is better to install substation which consists of under three units of transformer
and is located in narrow foot print.

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c) Tank Type Capacitor

According to interview EEP and JICA Study Team Survey, there is no big problem about
operation voltage in 132kV. Some substation have installed capacitor in 15kV as shown in
Figure 4-38.

Figure 4-38 15kV Capacitor in Addis East Substation

Tank type capacitor has strong earthquake resistance. However, there is few earthquake in
Ethiopia. Moreover, according to the data from National Geophysical Data Center, in Ethiopia,
especially in Addis Ababa Capital Region, there is no earthquake over the five degree of
Magnitude. From such a situation, currently tank type capacitor is not matched in Addis Ababa
power system.

Results of consideration for Introduction of Quality Infrastructure (Distribution)

JICA Study Team conducted evaluation of Quality Infrastructures from the technical viewpoints.
This chapter describes Quality Infrastructures relevant to distribution.

Applicable Quality Infrastructures for distribution are shown below.

- Amorphous Alloy Core Transformer (AMT)

- Pin Post Insulator (PPI)
- Time Sequential Sectionalizing System (TSS)
- Low Loss Conductor (LLC) (Addition after field survey)

a) Amorphous Alloy Core Transformer (AMT)

In order to examine the acceptability of AMT, JICA Study Team conducted a field survey to
grasp the type and amount of transformers used in the Addis Ababa metropolitan area and the
usage situation. The results are shown in Table 4-1. As mentioned in Section 4.1.2, transformers
with a relatively small capacity up to 400 kVA are installed on a pole-mounted, and those with
a large capacity of 500 kVA or more are used on the ground-mounted.

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Table 4-1 Number of Transformer in Addis Ababa

Rating 15kV/400V 33kV/400V Total Remark
25kVA 79 4 83 Pole-mounted
50kVA 432 3 435 Pole-mounted
100kVA 1,028 20 1,048 Pole-mounted
200kVA 1,506 - 1,506 Pole-mounted
300kVA 88 - 88 Pole-mounted
315kVA 1,862 3 1,865 Pole-mounted
400kVA 8 - 8 Pole-mounted
500kVA 3 - 3 Ground-mounted
630kVA 411 - 411 Ground-mounted
800kVA 96 - 96 Ground-mounted
1,000kVA 16 - 16 Ground-mounted
1,250kVA 96 - 96 Ground-mounted
1,500kVA 7 - 7 Ground-mounted
1,600kVA 6 - 6 Ground-mounted
1,750kVA 2 - 2 Ground-mounted
1,800kVA 3 1 4 Ground-mounted
2,500kVA 29 5 34 Ground-mounted
16,000kVA 1 - 1 Ground-mounted
Total 5,673 36 5,709

Whether or not AMT can be installed is considered by calculating the profit of the difference
in initial cost for conventional CRGOT and loss cost reduction by loss reduction with AMT. In
this calculation, since there is no difference between AMT and CRGOT in installation work
cost, operation cost, etc., it was compared only with the difference of transformer procurement
cost and loss cost. Regarding the procurement cost of CRGOT, JICA Study Team adopted the
cheaper one of the standard unit purchase price in Ethiopia that was confirmed in the field
survey and the estimation unit price obtained from the transformer manufacturing company
with the introduction record to Ethiopia.

In addition, the parameters used for profit calculation are shown in Table 4-2. An example of
examination results at 315 kVA with the largest number of facilities is shown in Figure 4-39.

In the case of 315 kVA, the initial cost is about 10% higher than CRGOT, but it is possible to
regain the difference of the initial cost in less than 7 years due to loss reduction.

Table 4-2 Parameter of Profit Calculation concerning Loss Evaluation

Factor Value
Cost of Losses 0.09USD/kWh
Load Factor(LF) 0.65
Loss Load Factor（LLF） 0.49
Discount Rate 10%

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Figure 4-39 An Example of Profit Calculation Result

Evaluation results for other capacities are shown in Table 4-3. It can be confirmed that the initial
cost difference can be regained in about 10 years in the case of relatively small capacity
transformer for pole-mounted.

On the other hand, in the case of large-capacity transformers (500kVA or more) for ground-
mounted, it takes more than 20 years to regain the difference of initial cost, because of larger
initial cost difference and smaller effect of loss reduction compared to small capacity one.

From the above, JICA Study Team propose introduction of AMT only to pole-mounted
transformer.

Table 4-3 Results of Profit Calculation about AMT Introduction

Total Loss (W)
Unit cost (USD) Break-even
Type (at 65% load)
period(years)
CRGOT AMT ratio CRGOT AMT ratio
25kVA 3,800 4,000 105% 230 152 66% 5
50kVA 4,700 4,900 104% 359 245 68% 3
100kVA 5,900 6,300 107% 569 421 74% 5
200kVA 9,900 10,400 105% 910 694 76% 4
315kVA 11,500 12,800 111% 1,349 963 71% 7
400kVA 11,800 13,700 116% 1,624 1,250 77% 11
500kVA 12,600 15,600 124% 1,888 1,470 78% 25
1,000kVA 20,000 24,700 124% 3,053 2,459 81% 30+

b) Pin Post Insulator (PPI)

JICA Study Team confirmed record of the power outage caused by the distribution equipment
fault, which is provided from EEP. It can be confirmed that power outage due to fault of
insulator and interruption due to replacement work for damaged insulator are occurred multiple
times a year. It is also confirmed that Many of these damaged insulators are pin type insulator.

In the meanwhile, the PPI provided by the Japanese grant aid in 1999 is still used in Addis
Ababa (Figure 4-40), and it was confirmed that EEP/EEU is well aware of the reliability of PPI.

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Figure 4-40 Usage Status of Pin Post Insulator (lower row)

Since the Addis Ababa is located at a high altitude of 2,300m, the insulation level necessary for
the insulator must be corrected according to IEC 60071-2. The JICA Study Team confirmed in
the field survey that the insulation level applied by EEP/EEU was based on the report issued in
2008, and 24kV class as maximum system voltage for 15kV distribution network and 41.5kV
class for 33kV are applied.

On the other hand, it is difficult to apply to a 33 kV distribution network because PPI are
manufactured only up to 36 kV class with maximum system voltage. Therefore, JICA Study
Team propose applying PPI limited to 15 kV distribution network.

c) Time Sequential Sectionalizing System (TSS)

As mentioned in Section 4.1.2, the Expressway system has been installed in the center of Addis
Ababa. After both of restoration of Express way and installation of SCADA system by the
ongoing project AADRUP are completion, reliability equal to or higher than that of the TSS
can be secured.

However, the Express way system requires constructing newly interconnection backbone
between substations in parallel with the existing feeder, so the applicable area is limited.
Therefore, installation of Express way is only in the center of the city, it has not been installed
in areas where it is difficult to construct interconnection backbone between substations.

Since it was confirmed that the EEP/EEU are aware of task to improve reliability in the area
where the Express way has not been installed, JICA Study Team propose introducing TSS to
the suburbs.

d) Low Loss Conductor (LLC)

JICA Study Team confirmed strong consciousness of EEP / EEU concerning loss reduction at
field survey, so made additional proposal on low loss conductor. LLC can secure the larger
cross sectional area with the same diameter as the AAAC standardly used for EEP / EEU by
using a trapezoidal element wire, so that less power loss can be achieved (Figure 4-41).

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Figure 4-41 Cross Sectional View of LLC

For rehabilitation work of the distribution network implemented by Package V, it is expected

that a several size of conductor will coexist, so it is difficult to calculate the introduction effect
of LLC before determining the target area and construction volume. Therefore, JICA Study
Team propose that details of the introduction of LLC should be carried out in a subsequent
survey (corresponding to feasibility study) where the target area will be determined.

4.2 Recommendation

Verifying the Project Component for Expected Package as Japanese Yen Loan

As the result of the kick off meeting on 3 July 2017 between JICA Study Team and EEP/EEU,
following understanding were confirmed that Package I to III are financed AfDB. Regarding to
Package IV to VI, the technical study is required before the appraisal by JICA.
Based on the above, technical study was conducted.
Contents of each package are below.

Package IV: Full replacement and upgrading of ADC substation, and 132kV transmission line
from ADC substation to KALITI I substation (2c.c.t.)
Package V: Pilot project for rehabilitation of distribution network
Package VI: SCADA and telecommunications

Result of technical study as Japanese Yen Loan are shown in Table 4-4.

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Table 4-4 Results of Technical Study as Japanese Yen Loan

Item Result of technical study as Japanese Yen Loan
Following were changed by comparison with the original bidding documents.
Location of substation: 500m to south from original location.
Package IV (Substation and

Upgrade Addis Addis Ababa city (administration) is planning to provide the land for new substation.
Centre Substation However, official proposal by EEP are required to final determination.
transmission line)

JICA Study Team are waiting the final determination of land of substation.
Type of GIS: Outdoor type. The layout of outdoor type is shown in Figure 4-37.
The original plan was underground cable between all districts on the bidding documents,
but some section in the city is the underground cable from the viewpoint of the cost
Transmission line reduction, and the remaining section makes it the same route as an existing overhead
(ADC~Kaliti I) line. The voltage of the transmission line and the number of lines are 132kV / 2 circuit.
The transmission route is shown in Figure 4-42 (Option 1). About 3.2 km length is
underground cable and about 11.0 km length is overhead line.
A unit price bidding methodology was indicated on the original bidding documents. After
beginning stage of implementation, the Contractor shall conduct the field survey, and
replace the equipment judged by the criteria after the Client approval.
According to the explanation by EEP, AfDB does not approve above a unit price bidding
methodology. And EEP requested that the Consultant should prepare the bill of quantity
Bill of quantity of
the bidding on the bidding documents.
documents However, JICA Study Team considered it is not realistic for the following reasons,
- Huge volume of distribution equipment including Low Voltage target area,
- Unstable domestic security situation,
Package V (Distribution)

- A drastic change of the condition of distribution equipment is assumed in the Addis

area where development is remarkable.
In the original bidding document, the content is only replacement of equipment.
However, the results of site survey and discussion with EEP, engineering work is
Contents of required to conduct the rehabilitation of distribution network. For example, protective
Package coordination between the fuse and the breakers, the estimate of the capacity of the
distribution transformer, reconfiguration of LV feeder etc. The contents of Package V is
shown in Table 4-5.
According to EEP, there is a possibility that the investment to the center area of Addis
city will become a waste. Because life time of distribution equipment is more than 20
years in general, but many development and abolishment plans are currently being
implemented at center of Addis city. Target area of Item A is shown in Figure 4-43.
Target Area Medium Feeders that highest number of outages would address more than 88% of
outages was requested additionally by EEP. List of MV feeders is shown in Table 4-6,
Item B.
Installation of Time sequential Sectionalizing on area that the express is not installed,
were proposed by JICA Study Team. List of MV feeders is shown in Table 4-7, Item C.
Operation of High NLC links with most of substations and generations at Ethiopia. Operation of the most
Voltage of breakers and limitation of generating output was controlled by NLC smoothly.
(More than 132kV) AFD (French) are planning to support the NDC. (Refer to APPENDIX 10)
Package VI( SCADA)

An off-line Distribution Management System (DMS) was installed. However, the DMS
Operation of MV does not receive any real-time data about measuring values or actual switching positions
of circuit breakers etc. (Refer to APPENDIX 10).
In the AAMDP, Hydro China was planning to install SCADA system. Now, Power China
is installing SCADA system.
About the installation schedule, the document prepared by Power China including the
Project by
drawings for approval by EEU was submitted. But those documents is described as
Power China
mainly hardware specification.
Then contents of Project is installation of SCADA system at DCC, 36 newly Sw/S and
repair 56 existing Sw/S. (Refer to APPENDIX 10)

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Recommendation for Package VI (SCADA) as Japanese Yen Loan

Following technical issue for SCADA was point out.

♦ Specification of SCADA(online DMS) software is no clear.

Specification of SCADA (online DMS) including mapping of signals is not describe on their drawings
and other documents clearly(mainly described hard ware). So, it is very difficult to study on the scope
of work of the package VI.

♦ Assessment of SCADA system is difficult

Before appraisal by donner, the existing condition of SCADA system should be assessed by the
Consultant, to study the scope of work, and the budget so on. However the impact of incomplete work
by Power China is very big. So, we cannot asses the SCADA without full information of software,
actual mapping of signals and so on.

♦ Responsibility for future integration and remodeling is not clear

When commissioning of the package VI (SCADA), remodeling of existing software installed by Power
China will be required, But responsible of software integration and remodeling is not clear.

Recommendation by JICA Study Team

The study on extension of the MV distribution network automation should commence after completion of
Power China’s automation system.

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African
Union

Connection Point
between OHL and UG.

Figure 4-42 Transmission Line Route (ADC S/S~Kaliti I S/S)

Legend
: Original Plan (all U/G) : Existing OHL (Tower)
: Option 1 (UG/OHL) : Option 2 (UG/OHL)

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Table 4-5 Contents of Package 5 (Rehabilitation of Distribution network) Draft

Medium Distribution Low

Item Target
Voltage Transformer Voltage
Original
Include Include
Bidding Not include
A (1,290 cases) (Total 600km)
Documents
Quality Infrastructure PPI Amo T -
Highest number of outages would
Include Include
address ～88% of outages Not include
B (Total 275km) (757 cases)
(Request from EEP)
Quality Infrastructure PPI Amo T -

Out side of City area within Study

Area of AADMP [No express way] Include Include Not include
C (Proposal from JICA Study Team)

Quality Infrastructure TSS, PPI Amo T -

Legend; Amo T: Amorphous Metal Core Distribution Transformers, PPI: Pin Post Insulators, TSS: Time sequential Sectionalizing

Addis West

Addis Center
Weregenu

Nifas Silk
Sebeta1 Addis South

Mekanisa
Kality 2

Figure 4-43 Candidate Target Area (Package 5 / Item A)

Number of Pole Mounted Distribution Transformer Default works: 1,290 case
Total length of Low Voltage Default Works: 600 km

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Table 4-6 Candidate Target Area (Package 5 / Item B)

Requested Feeder from EEP Required Information
Number of Transformer (Unit)
Number of
Pad
No. # of % of total Length of Distribution Pole mounted Package Remarks
Feeder Name Substation mounted
outages outages MV (km) Transformer
< 300 > 315 > 500 > 500
(Unit)
kVA kVA kVA kVA
1 Cotobie-33 Cotobie 462 3.1% 80.3 53 37 14 2
2 Sebeta II-03 Sebeta II 369 2.5% 102.0 137 112 25 Section affected by Package I - 4.646 km
3 Legetafo-07 Legetafo 367 2.5% 23.4
4 Gefersa-04 Gefersa 323 2.2% 11.2 93 59 22 12 Section affected by Package I - 4.09km
5 Legetafo-08 Legetafo 268 1.8% 20.6 47 28 17 2 Section affected by Package I - 6.55km
6 Sebeta-07 Sebeta 245 1.7% 19.5 10 3 7 Section affected by Package I - 5.53km
7 Weregenu-06 Weregenu 245 1.7% 14.1 25 16 6 2 1 Section affected by Package I - 0.53km
8 Kaliti North-K2 Kaliti North 194 1.3% 7.5 50 16 15 11 8
9 Sululta -02 Sululta 186 1.3% 13.5 6 4 2
10 Weregenu-12 Weregenu 174 1.2% 15.4 15 9 5 1
11 Sebeta-13 Sebeta 171 1.2%
12 Sebeta-10 Sebeta 170 1.2%
13 Sebeta-11 Sebeta 168 1.1%
14 Gelan -04 Gelan 167 1.1% 37.2 66 29 25 12 Section affected by Package I - 20.34km
15 Sebeta-12 Sebeta 165 1.1%
16 Weregenu-08 Weregenu 156 1.1% 8.5 84 55 23 1 5
17 Weregenu-07 Weregenu 144 1.0% 9.4 18 5 11 2
18 Kaliti North-K4 Kaliti North 140 1.0% 6.3 9 3 2 2 2
19 Sebeta-09 Sebeta 140 1.0% 4.0
20 Sululta-05 Sululta A & B 135 0.9%
21 Sululta-07(Sul33-01) Sululta A & B 130 0.9% 51.4 31 27 2 2
22 Sululta-01 Sululta A & B 115 0.8% 24.5 43 24 19
23 Sululta-08(Sul33-02) Sululta A & B 114 0.8% 32.4 44 37 1 6
24 Goffa-06 Goffa 105 0.7% 22.4 67 31 36
25 Sululta-06 Sululta A & B 103 0.7% 69.1 10 - 8 2
26 Gefersa-07 Gefersa 100 0.7% 11.5 19 8 2 9
27 Kaliti North-K7 Kaliti North 99 0.7% 21.8
28 Addis North -05 Addis North 97 0.7% 16.2 42 20 22 Section affected by Package I - 0.91km
29 Addis Center-14 Addis Center 93 0.6% 29.9 34 13 12 9 Not in Package I or II
30 Weregenu-09 Weregenu 79 0.5% 6.3 11 5 2 4 Section affected by Package I - 0.12 km
31 Addis North -06 Addis North 77 0.5% 6.9 57 27 27 2 1
32 Goffa-05 Goffa 76 0.5% 13.0 51 24 24 3
33 Sebeta-06 Sebeta 69 0.5% 3.5 5 1 3 1
34 Mekanissa-06 Mekanissa 67 0.5% 2.7 1 1
35 Addis Center-15 Addis Center 61 0.4% 4.9 34 20 6 7 1
36 Gelan -03 Gelan 60 0.4% 18.3 17 5 3 9 Section affected by Package I -9.213km
37 Mekanissa-05 Mekanissa 57 0.4% 19.0 67 37 27 2 1 Section affected by Package I - 0.17km
Number of MV feeder: 37 Total length of MV: 275 (km) Number of Distribution Transformer: 757 (case)
Some feeders will be selected based in the following survey.

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Table 4-7 Candidate Target Area (Package 5 / Item C)

Proposed Feeder by NEWJEC Required Information
Number of Transformer (Unit)
Number of
No. Length of Distribution Pad Remarks
Pole mounted Package
Feeder Name Substation mounted
MV (km) Transformer
(Unit) < 300 > 300 > 500 > 500
kVA kVA kVA kVA
1 ABS 15-01 Aba Samuel 5.3 4 2 2
2 ALM-15-01 Addis Alem 191.6 99 89 6 4
3 ALM-15-02 Addis Alem 107.5 79 53 22 4
4 ALM-15-03 Addis Alem 15.37 13 11 2
5 ALM-15-04 Addis Alem 38.98 14 12 2
6 ALM-15-05 Addis Alem 16.12 2 2
7 DUK-15-01 Dukem 10.6 40 33 1 6 Section affected by Package I - 3.31km
8 DUK-15-02 Dukem 7.32 16 12 3 1 Section affected by Package I - 2.02 km
9 DUK-15-03 Dukem 3.52 11 7 2 2
10 LEG-15-03 Legetafo 114.63 91 68 16 7 Section affected by Package I - 2.77km
11 LEG-15-04 Legetafo 15 54 42 12 Section affected by Package I - 4.81km
12 LEG-15-08 Legetafo 20.58 47 28 17 2
13 LEG-15-09 Legetafo Dedicated Line
14 SUL-15-01 Sululta 24.47 43 24 19
15 SUL-15-02 Sululta 13.5 6 4 2
16 SUL-15-03 Sululta 27.4 23 17 6
17 SUL-15-04 Sululta 34.04 40 24 4 12
19 SUL-15-06 Sululta 69.08 10 - 8 2
18 GEJ-15-01 Gedja 38.04 36 30 6
20 GEJ-15-02 Gedja 19.16 18 10 - 8
21 BEL-15-04 Bella 12.18 45 22 22 1 Section affected by Package I - 2.17km
22 GLN-15-01 Gelan 27.92 64 35 20 9
23 GLN-15-03 Gelan 18.27 17 5 3 9 Section affected by Package I - 9.213km
Number of MV feeder: 21, Total length of MV : 778 (km),Number of Distribution Transformer: 691 (case)
Some feeders will be selected based in the following survey.

Study on Applicable Quality Infrastructure

Result of Study on Applicable Quality Infrastructure is shown in Table 4-8.

Table 4-8 Results of Study on Applicable Quality Infrastructure

Item Result of technical study
The location of new ADC substation is the center of inner city, therefore, the
GIS (Outdoor minimization of land space for substation is required. From the technical viewpoint,
Substation

type) outdoor type GIS should be apply to new ADC substation.

The draft substation layout for new ADC substation is shown in Figure 4-37.
According to interview EEP and JICA Study Team Survey, there is no big problem about
Tank Type
operation voltage in 132kV. From such a situation, currently tank type capacitor is not
Capacitor
matched in Addis Ababa power system.
In the case of 315 kVA with the largest number of facilities in EEU, the initial cost is
Amorphous Alloy
about 10% higher than CRGOT, but it is possible to regain the difference of the initial
Core Transformer
cost in less than 7 years due to loss reduction.
(AMT)
Therefore AMT was judged to apply as Quality Infrastructure in Addis Ababa.
Distribution

Pin Post It was confirmed that EEP/EEU is well aware of the reliability of PPI. And PPI should be
Insulators (PPT) applied to 15 kV distribution network. (Refer to Section 4.1.4 b))
Expressway system has been installed in the center of Addis Ababa. Reliability of
expressway system equal to or higher than that of the TSS can be secured. However,
Time Sequential
the Express way system requires constructing newly interconnection backbone
Sectionalizing
between substations in parallel with the existing feeder, so the applicable area is limited.
System (TSS)
Therefore, installation of Express way is only in the center of the city.
TSS should be applied to the suburbs. (Refer to Section 4.1.4 c))

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Project finding for Transmission, Substation and Distribution System in Addis Ababa

As the result of site survey and discussion with EEP/EEU, Candidate projects of transmission,
substation in Addis are proposed.
Result are shown in Table 4-9. Also, AfDB and EEP requested JICA to consider to finance
additionally the projects shown in Table 4-10 which were planned to be covered by AfDB’s finance.

Table 4-9 Proposed New Projects of Transmission and Substation in Addis

No. Contents
132kV underground transmission line between BLL S/S to ADC S/S including modification of BLL
1 S/S (GIS equipment etc.)
Tentative transmission line route and major specification are shown in Figure 4-44, Table 4-11.
2 Transfer of existing transformers in ADC S/S
Technical Cooperation Projects which are the management of distribution equipment and the
3
rehabilitation distribution network, etc. to EEU

Table 4-10 Proposed New Projects of Transmission and Substation in Addis (Additional)
No. Contents
1 Replace existing transformers with 2 x 132/15 kV 40 MVA transformers in Addis North S/S
New 132kV D/C line to t-off point replacing existing S/C line inclusive of loop reconfiguration on
2
meeting point
3 Upgrade DBZII to 33 kV and shift steel mill to DBZIII (Debre Zeit II Substation Upgrade)
4 33 kV substation installation incl. two new 132/33 kV transformers at Legetafo Substation

Table 4-11 Major Specification of Transmission Line from BLL S/S ~ ADC S/S (Draft)
Item Specification
Voltage 132kV
Number of circuit 1 circuit
Total Length of route 2.4 km
Installation method Underground Cable with pipe

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Figure 4-44 Transmission Line Route from BLL S/S ~ ADC S/S (Draft)

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APPENDICES

Appendix-1 Member List of JICA Study Team

Appendix-2 Schedule of Site Survey
Appendix-3 List of Parties
Appendix-4 Minutes of Meeting
Appendix-5 Black Lion Substation
Appendix-6 Kaliti I Substation
Appendix-7 Candidate Target Area (Package 5 / Item B)
Appendix-8 Candidate Target Area (Package 5 / Item C)
Appendix-9 Single Line Diagram of Express Line
Appendix-10 SCADA

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APPENDIX-1

MEMBER LIST OF JICA STUDY TEAM

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Transmission and Distribution System Appendices

Appendix-1：Member List of JICA Study Team

Name Work Assignment Positon

Cooperation Japan International Corporation Agency (JICA)

Mr.Nobuyuki KOBE
Planning Africa Division 2, Africa Department

Cooperation Japan International Corporation Agency (JICA)

Ms.Hiroko HOAKI
Planning Africa Division 2, Africa Department

Technical Adviser Japan International Corporation Agency (JICA)

Mr.Yoshiyuki KUDO
(Electricity Sector) Industrial Development and Public Policy Department

Chief Consultant/
Mr. Kenichiro YAGI NEWJEC Inc.
Substation Planning

Substation/
Mr.Akira KAWABE NEWJEC Inc.
Construction Plan

Distribution
Mr.Takamu GENGI NEWJEC Inc.
Planning

Distribution/
Mr.Shinichi KAWABE NEWJEC Inc.
Procurement

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Data Collection Survey on Addis Ababa Final Report
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APPENDIX-2

SCHEDULE OF SITE SURVEY

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Appendix-2：Schedule of Site Survey

JICA NEWJEC Inc.
Nobuyuki Hiroko Yoshiyuki Kenichiro Takamu Shinichi Akira
KOBE HOAKI KUDO YAGI GENJI KAWABE KAWABE
Date Day Cooperation Cooperation Technical Advisor,
Planning Planning Energy and Mining
Group, Industrial Chief Consultant／
, Africa Division , Africa Division Distribution Engineer Distribution Engineer Substation Engineer
Development and Substation Engineer
2, Africa 2, Africa Public Policy
Department
Department Department

1 2017/7/1 Sat Lv. Narita by ET1400 / ET609

2 2017/7/2 Sun Ar. Addis Ababa

9:00 Meeting with JICA Ethiopia
3 2017/7/3 Mon 14:00 Meeting with EEP, EEU and Fad
AM Internal Meeting
4 2017/7/4 Tue PM Discussion with EEP
AM Site Visit (Kaliti I Substation)
5 2017/7/5 Wed PM Site Visit (Addis East Substation, Primary substation, Switching Substation)
AM Interview with City Government (Urban Planning institute), Site Visit (Addis Center [original & new])
6 2017/7/6 Thu PM Data Collection
AM National Load Center(NLC), Distribution Control Center (DCC)
7 2017/7/7 Fri PM Workshop, which repair distribution transformer

8 2017/7/8 Sat
9 2017/7/9 Sun
AM Internal Discussion Internal Discussion, Study
10 2017/7/10 Mon PM Discussion with EEU Engineering (Mr.Getachew)
Same as Mr.Kawabe Data Collection AM Site Visit (Kaliti I Substation)
11 2017/7/11 Tue PM Site Visit (Nifas Substation)
Same as Mr.Kawabe Data Collection AM Site Visit (Transmission Line Route)
12 2017/7/12 Wed PM Internal Discussion
AM Discussion with EEP
13 2017/7/13 Thu PM Discussion with EEP
AM Discussion with EEP Data Collection AM Data Collection Same as Mr.Yagi
(Transmission Engineering Office),
16:30 JICA Ethiopia
14 2017/7/14 Fri Discussion with EEP(Strategy and
Business Analysis) 16:30 JICA
Ethiopia

15 2017/7/15 Sat
16 2017/7/16 Sun
Internal discussion
17 2017/7/17 Mon Discussion with EEP (Package 5)
Discussion with EEU Engineering (Package 5 and SCADA)
18 2017/7/18 Tue Discussion with EEP (Package 4)
Discussion with EEU Engineering (SCADA)
19 2017/7/19 Wed Internal discussion, Meeting with Local Contractor
Internal discussion
20 2017/7/20 Thu Discussion with EEP (SCADA)
9:00 Interim repot to Mr.Mekuria (EEP, Strategy and Investment)
21 2017/7/21 Fri 12:00 TV Meeting with JICA Tokyo, 15:00 Meeting with Local Consultant

22 2017/7/22 Sat
23 2017/7/23 Sun
Lv. Narita by EK319 / EK 723 AM Site Visit (Distribution, LV area) PM Site Visit (Black Lion S/S, transmission line route from B/L to ADC)
24 2017/7/24 Mon 17:00 Meeting with JICA Ethiopia
Ar. Addis Ababa, 17:30 Internal Meeting (JICA AM Site Visit (Addis Alum) , 14:00 Discussion with EEU, 16:00 Discussion with Green & Beautification Authority,
25 2017/7/25 Tue H.Q., JICA Ethiopia, Consultant) 17:30 Internal Meeting (JICA H.Q., JICA Ethiopia, Consultant)
9:00 Meeting with EEP 9:00 Meeting with EEP
26 2017/7/26 Wed 14:30 Meeting with EEU 14:30 Meeting with EEU
10:00 Meeting with AfDB 9:30 Meeting with Local Consultant
27 2017/7/27 Thu 15:00 Report to Embassy of Japan 15:00 Report to Embassy of Japan
9:30 Work Shop
28 2017/7/28 Fri 16:30 Report to JICA Ethiopia

29 2017/7/29 Sat Lv.Addis Ababa by EK724 / EK318 Lv.Addis Ababa by ET672

30 2017/7/30 Sat Ar. Narita Ar. Narita

A2 - 1
Data Collection Survey on Addis Ababa Final Report
Transmission and Distribution System Appendices

APPENDIX-3

LIST OF PARTIES

-4-
Data Collection Survey on Addis Ababa Final Report
Transmission and Distribution System Appendices

Appendix-3：List of Parties

Name Organization Department Position

Mr.Mekuria Lemma Strategy and Investment Head

Mr.Abinet Ahmed Project Manager

Distribution Construction
Mr.Elias Mekonnen
Super Incident III
Addis Ababa Power System Distribution Construction
Mr.Kassahum Tsehay
Master Plan Super Incident III
Planning and Design Engineer
Mr.Chumala Samuel
III
EEP
(Ethiopian Electric Power) Planning and Design Engineer
Mr. Aman Belete
III
Strategy and Business Analyst
Mr.Melaku Yigzaw
III, Electrical Engineer
Transmission Engineering
Mr.Aklilu Torckeper Acting Manager
Office
Transmission Engineering
Mr.SEIFU MOGES Office/ Substation Design
Section

Mr.Megistu Tesso Kaliti I Substation Manager

Mr.Gosaye Mengistie
Chief Executive Officer
Abayneh

Mr.Adefris Merid Asfaw Senior Technical Advisor

EEU Distribution Projects

Mr.Aklilu Kebede Yiman
(Ethiopian Electric Utility) Management Office Head
Transmission Planning of
Mr.Getachew Adane Engineering
Engineering
Head: Strategic Environmental
Mr.Melkamu Abebe Planning
and Social

Mr.Girma Mekuria AfDB Ethiopia Country Office Senior Energy Expert

Addis Ababa City Urban Planning

Mr.Abebaw Sentie Urban Planning Institute
Government Institute Director
A.A city government
Mr. Tesfy KINANA sanitation, beautification and Vice Deputy Manager
parks development agency

Mr.Ken YAMADA Chief Representative

Mr.Hiroyuki TANAKA Senior Representative

Mr.Takeshi MATSUYAMA JICA Ethiopia Senior Representative

Mr. Akitoshi IIO Advisor

Mr.Gaku SAITO Representative

A3 - 1
Data Collection Survey on Addis Ababa Final Report
Transmission and Distribution System Appendices

APPENDIX-4

MINUTES OF MEETING

-5-
 Minutes of Meeting for:
The Kickoff Meeting for the Data Collection Survey in Addis Ababa Distribution
and Transmission Network

3 July 2017
Prepared by JICA Study Team (NEWJEC Inc.)

1. List of Participants
(1) Ethiopia Electric Power (EEP)
 Abinet Ahmed A.A. Power System MP Project Manager
Strategy and Investment group, EEP
 Girma Mekuria Senior Energy Expert Energy Dept. AfDB
 Daniel Musle EEP
 Gitachew Adene Transmission Planning Engineer, EEU
 Melkemm Abebe Investment Planning EEU

(2) Japan International Corporate Agency (JICA here on) study team
 Akitoshi IIO Advisor JICA Ethiopia
 Raher Ladesse Program Officer JICA Ethiopia
 Kenichiro YAGI and 3 participants from NEWJEC

2. Location
EEP Head office, 2nd floor,

3. Contents
 Package 5 is just taken 10% of network wide program. EEP does not know
actually scope of work. It is vast scale project which will be completed coming
five or ten years, so EEP want to know what happened through the project.
 This JICA study team is to examine each packages whether these packages are
feasible, reliable or not. Preparation of BoQ would be next stage like a feasible
study.
 According to AfDB, Package 4 and 5 is to be financed by JICA after Data
Collection Study conduct by JICA Study Team to confirm reliability, cost,
design, etc.
 Package 5 includes not only MV but also LV, around 420km rehabilitation.
Actual quantity of work is decided by field inspection conducting by
contractor.
 EIA and compensation for resettlement for new Addis Center Substation (ADC
S/S here on) will be conducted by city government.
 MV SCADA system is design stage by EEU. MV SCADA system has two
options, One is independent communication medium from existing
communication medium using HV SCADA system (M/P consultant
recommended) the another is to use existing communication medium
EEU request the solution which is the best way, to use existing medium or
install new medium.
 Tank type capacitor is not suitable for Ethiopia, because there is no earthquake
in Ethiopia.
 Maximum capacity of Amorphous Transformer is 1500MVA. Therefore,
Amorphous Transformer can cope with future capacity growth.
 EEU is concerned about installation new type distribution transformer because
EEU will need additional spare parts and training for repair. JICA study team
will investigate difference CRGO and AMT.
 EEP requested JICA study team that ADC S/S should upgrade 132kV to 230kV.
Because ADC S/S is very important substation which supply sensitive
customer such as African Union and Palace.
 JICA study team will conduct which is the best way, supply by 230kV or132kV
to new ADC S/S.
 EEU will provide us which distribution line is critical and serious.
 EEP requested EEU whether load shift from old ADC S/S to surrounding
substations can conduct or not. If load shift cannot conduct, EEP will consider
to install mobile substation at new ADC S/S.
 Chinese company (Power China) tried to install SCADA system, main contents
is to install fiber optic cable in the city.

End of Document
 Data Collection Survey on Addis Ababa
Transmission and Distribution System

July 2017

Japan International Cooperation Agency

NEWJEC Inc.

Background 1

2015 September : Final Report of AADMP was prepared for EEP.

2015 December : Inception Report (Revision 1) was prepared.
2016 January : Highlights and Summary of AADMP was prepared.
2016 August : JICA dispatched the contact mission.
2016 October : JICA and AfDB dispatched the joint FF mission.
2017 June : Data Collection Survey by the Japanese Consultant was started.

Study Area Addis Ababa Transmission Network

AADMP: Addis Ababa Distribution Master Plan , EEP: Ethiopian Electric Power
Study on Addis Ababa Distribution Master Plan 2

Health index for Transformer, Main Switchgear, Substation

Compound and Building Maintenance

MV Feeder Abnormal
Conditions Report
Transformer Age Profiling
Demand Forecast and Maintenance Quality
Assessment of Existing Network

a) Planned and committed projects

b) Rehabilitation and short term expansion plan
c) Medium term expansion plan
d) long term expansion plan
e) SCADA and Telecommunications
Projects and Programmes Summary

Economic and Financial Strategic Environmental and

Analysis Social Assessment

CONTRACT PACKAGE SYSTEM 3

In the inception report, formulated Scope of Work and procurement method based on
each construction plans as shown below.
Contract Package System of JICA and AfDB 4

PK Budget AfDB/
Project Contents
G# (USD) JICA
I EPC: [22 S/S]
Rehabilitation *Feeder Reconfiguration 10 mil AfDB
*rehabilitation of S/S
II EPC: [9 S/S]
Short &Middle (EEU) *New Feeder
21mil AfDB
*New distribution transformer
*rehabilitation of MV
III EPC: [11 S/S]
Short &Middle (EEP) Substation Upgrade
52mil AfDB
132kV New transmission line (1cct)
and cable (2cct)
IV EPC: Short &Middle [Addis Centre S/S]
46mil JICA
(Addis Centre S/S) Substation Upgrade
V EPC: Rehabilitation of MV Network for
24mil JICA
Pilot Project Phase 2
? EPC:SCADA Introduce SCADA and communication
23mil ???
system

Task of AADMP 5

・Tasks in general related to AADMP

Task 1 Uncertainty due to related projects
AADMP is based on other relevant projects such as AADRUP
According to progress of other projects, AADMP plan would be necessary to revise
the timing and contents

Task 2 Lack of information to evaluate the feasibility and validity of AADMP

No detailed information about the preconditions and various kinds of data used in
AADMP,
Detailed confirmation of these is necessary before shifting to the implementation
stage.

・Tasks related to individual package

Task 3 Task relevant to ADC substation (Package IV)
‐According to Inception report (Original plan)
GIS will be installed on the same foot print of existing AIS
No detailed construction method to avoid long period power outage in ADC
substation.
-According to interview to EEP (Alternative plan)
Green area regulation around African Union would affect substation layout
Task from perspective of “Quality Infrastructure” 6

AADMP focused on solving particularly insufficient capacity among the three problems
(Lack of capacity, Poor reliability and High losses) in the study area.
There were no detailed solutions against two other problems. (Poor reliability and High losses)
We describe the tasks from the viewpoint of lack of solution for ideal distribution network.

Task 4 Approach relevant to distribution loss reduction

Lack of suggestion for loss reduction about specifications of equipment
which will be installed as full renovation.

Task 5 Approach on improving supply reliability

To ensure the low value of the frequency of power outages (SAIFI) and the
duration of power failure (SAIDI), are important for reliable distribution
system.
However, Lack of suggestion for reliability increasing about specifications of
equipment which will be installed as full renovation

Task 6 Approach on equipment maintenance

No concreate method about equipment maintenance.
Need Asset management system and training for employee.
Need equipment with long‐term reliability and easy maintenance.

Purpose of this Survey 7

Item 1
Verifying the project component for expected formation
as Japanese Yen Loan.

Item 2
Study on Applicable Quality Infrastructure.

Item 3
Project finding for transmission, substation and
distribution system in Addis Ababa.
Schedule of Data Collection Survey 8

Schedule of Data Collection Survey

June 2017 July 2071 August 2017

Works in Japan

Field Survey in Ethiopia

Report Ic/R Df/R F/R

Tentative Schedule of this mission

Schedule 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

Meeting with EEP/EEU

Kickoff
Meeting with
Data Collection AfDB
at EEP/EEU

Site survey
at SS and D/L

Meeting with
Donor (AfDB, IFC, etc.) JICA
Ethiopia

Analysis of issue and

proposal of solution

Ic/R: Inception Report, Df/R: Draft Final Report, F/R Final Report

Item1
Verification Summary of Package IV (1) “Original “ 9

Addis Center Addis Center

2x25MVA 132/15kV
(Original)
1x12MVA 132/15kV

Addis Center
(Updated)
Kaliti I
3x125MVA
230/138kV
How about the necessity of
 Environmental Impact Assessment
 Resettlement Action Plan
（Original) Components
132kV U/G cable from Kaliti I ,14km 2500sqmm CU/phase ;2 circuits
 Build new 132/33/15 kV GIS substation on the foot print of the existing one;
 Install 3x50MVA transformers 132/15kV and associated switchgear;
 Install 1x50MVA transformer 132/33kV and associated switchgear
Item1
Verification Summary of Package IV (2) “Original” 10

Section Drawing

Site Layout 1 (Original)

(4,417m2)

 Saving for installation

space,
 Environment‐ friendly,
 Easy to maintain,
will be considered.

Addis Center GIS Substation Site Layout 2 (Original)

Update of the location of Addis Center S/S and the line path of 132kV Cable are required.

Item1
Verification Summary of Package V 11

Pilot EPC Project for Rehabilitation 1 Rehabilitation Survey by the Contractor

2 After approval from the Employer, Rehabilitation
works will be conducted.

Project Boundaries Confirmation is required.

Pac.V Target
Total Refurbish Replace Total
quantify Refurbish Replace Refurbish Replace
quantify Target quantify Target quantify Cost
[km, Cases] Unit Costs Unit Costs Cost Cost
[km, Cases] [km, Cases] [km, Cases] [USD]
※1

MV Feeder 2,552 420 22.0% 31.0% 2,227,842

15kV Conductor 2,230 367 80.7 25.0 15,870 25,600 1,281,366 640,764 1,922,129
33kV Conductor 322 53 11.7 3.6 17,480 28,200 203,793 101,920 305,712
LV Feeder 6,553 480 16.0% 66.0% 2,527,970
LV Feeder with low pole 3,505 257 41.1 27.1 17,480 28,200 718,043 764,543 1,482,586
LV Feeder with multi pole 3,048 223 35.7 23.6 14,520 22,340 518,684 526,700 1,045,383
Dis tribution Transformer 5,716 1,290 18.6% 39.5% 17,615,504
15kV<300kVA Pole-mounted 2,840 641 119.2 253.2 12,020 24,989 1,432,957 6,326,475 7,759,432
15kV>315kVA Pole-mounted 1,910 431 80.2 170.3 13,539 28,925 1,085,501 4,924,944 6,010,446
15kV>500kVA KIOSK 504 114 21.2 44.9 16,246 37,518 343,706 1,685,640 2,029,346
15kV>500kVA Package 160 36 6.7 14.3 21,912 48,766 147,168 695,555 842,723
33kV<300kVA Pole-mounted 239 54 10.0 21.3 13,462 27,988 135,057 596,299 731,357
33kV>315kVA Pole-mounted 51 12 2.1 4.5 15,164 32,396 32,463 147,284 179,748
33kV>500kVA KIOSK 6 1 0.3 0.5 18,196 42,020 4,583 22,475 27,058
33kV>500kVA Package 6 1 0.3 0.5 24,541 54,618 6,181 29,213 35,394
Total Cost 22,371,315
※1 Assumption with the same ratio between the total quantity and Pac.V quantity.
Item1
Verification Summary of Package ?? (SCADA&Comm.) 12

Our understanding for SCADA and Communications are below

In AADMP
 New MV network SCADA system which can unify existing
DMS was examined for spec and tasks.
 And a new and independent system for MV network was
recommended from the viewpoints of future extensibility,
operability, capacity constrain of HV SCADA system and
business separation of EEP /EEU.

On the other hand

 Installation of distribution automation capability was planning
under AADRUP, the plan is relying on the existing HV
transmission telecommunication network.

Update of progress of the AADRUP

are required for solution
Confirmation of SCADA requirement

Item2
Quality Inf. Applicable Quality Infrastructure 13

Applicable Quality Infrastructure for Addis Ababa Capital Region are show below.

For Package IV

Gas Insulated Switchgear Tank Type Capacitor

For Package V

Amorphous Alloy Core

Distribution Transformers Pin Post Insulators

Automatic Sectionalizing System

Item2
Quality Inf. Applicable Quality Infrastructure 14

Applicable Quality Infrastructure in Addis Ababa Capital Region

Applicable Target Examination Equipment Advantage of Quality Infrastructure TASK

AMT has high characteristic efficiency compared to

Amorphous Transformer traditional (Cold Rolled Grain Oriented Electrical
Distribution Transformer Task 4
（AMT） Steel) transformer (CRGO). AMT is expected
reduction of distribution loss
Pin post insulator is different from pin insulator
D/L using distribution line generally. There is no pin part
Task
Equi Insulator for MV Pin Post Insulator inside of porcelain, therefore Pin post insulator is
5,6
expected reduction of fault of crack dramatically.
Contamination resistance is superior.
Time Sequential Sectionalizing System can reduce
Automatic Operation of Time Sequential
recovery time and minimize power outage section Task 5
Switchgear Sectionalizing System
by combining with substation reclosing relay.

GIS has advantage to minimize foot print. GIS can install

GIS
not only indoors but also outdoors. Task
（Gas Insulated
132～66kV By installing GIS outdoors, spread of the substation can 3,6
Switchgear）
Substation Outdoor be smaller.
Switchgear
S/S Transformer Connection The equipment which connects transformer (oil or gas)
Equi Equipment to GIS (gas insulated) directly. It is costly equipment,
Direct Connection GIS with Task
however there is few possibility to fault occur because
Transformer 3,6
all live parts are covered. Moreover it can install very
small foot print.
It is costly equipment compared to conventional can
132～66kV Task
Tank Type Capacitor type capacitor, however it has advantage of
Power Capacitor 5,6
maintenance free and earthquake resistance.

Item2
Quality Inf. Gas Insulated Switchgear (Outdoor Type) 15

 Reduce foot print dramatically

compared to Air Insulated Switchgear

 No declining dielectric strength even

low air density and high altitude area
such a Ethiopia
Task 3: Small foot print
Task 6: Maintenance  GIS can install not only indoors but
also outdoors.

 By installing GIS outside, construction

 Saving for installation space,
 Saving for building cost cost of building and installation foot
 Further quality infrastructure print can be reduced
available (e.g. V‐GIS, )
Item2
Quality Inf. Tank Type Capacitor 16

 Save foot print compared to conventional can

type capacitor
 Advantage of earthquake resistance
 Long Lifespan, Maintenance Free,
equipment cost is 4～5 times higher price
of can type
Tank Type Capacitor
Tank Type Can Type
Estimated product life
Longer Shorter
cycle
Complicated
It requires the maintenance for
Maintenance Maintenance free
capacitor units, racks, bushings
and insulators
Safer Less Safe
Safety Surface of the tank is not Capacitors and rack are live
live part part

Installation space Smaller Larger

Can Type Capacitor

Task 5: Reliability of Supply  Strong against Earthquake,

Task 6: Maintenance  Saving for maintenance cost

Item2
Quality Inf. Procedure of examination in ADC substation 17

Confirmation • Green Area Regulation around AU

• EEP/EEU’s requirement (Maintenance easy, spread of
of relevant the site, construction cost )
requirement • Provisional decision about substation layout(indoor or outdoor)

• New ADC substation site

Field survey • Kaliti I substation
• Other substation (GIS substation e.g. Addis East)

• From the viewpoint of

Proposal Cost, Reliability,
maintenance easy, etc.
Where to install new equipment
Combination Indoor TrB Outdoor TrB
Original plan
Scenery/security : good Scenery/security : basis
Indoor GIS
Foot print/Cost : bad Foot print/Cost : basis
Scenery/security : fair Scenery/security : fair
Outdoor GIS
Foot print/Cost : bad Foot print/Cost : good
Item2
Quality Inf. Amorphous Alloy Core Distribution Transformers 18

99.80
CRGO  AMT* can reduce power loss
99.60
AMT
Energy Efficiency(%)

99.40 because of high energy efficiency.

99.20
99.00
98.80  AMT is usually more expensive than
98.60
98.40 traditional products(CRGO**), but
98.20
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% running cost is lower than CRGO.
Load factor
Comparison of efficient characteristic
between AMT and CRGO  By installing AMT, TOC*** can be
125%
CRGO
reduced, with no special technique,
Total cost（Initial cost + running cost)

120%
AMT
just replace CRGO with AMT.
Pay back: 7.0years
115%
Task 4: Low Loss Equipment
110%

 Saving for power loss

 Saving for TOC
105%
Running cost is a comparison based
100%
only on no‐load loss
 Further, CO2 emission reduction
0 5 10 15 20 25
Operation years * Amorphous Alloy Trans former
Example of replacing CRGO by AMT ** Cold Rolled Grain Oriented Electrical Steel
*** Total Owning Cost

Item2
Quality Inf. Pin Post Insulators 19

 High reliability because of

Long puncture path(D) and
Flashover path(L).

 No clack because of no
cement inside of porcelain
body
Pin Type Insulator Pin Post Insulator
 Higher anti‐contamination
Performance
Task 5: Reliability of Supply
Task 6: Maintenance

 Strong against lightning and

contamination
 Saving for maintenance cost
Higher anti-contamination Performance
Item2
Quality Inf. Automatic Sectionalizing System 20

33kV SF6 Gas  TSS* system can reduce to duration

Pole-mounted
Gas Switch and area of power outage with
minimum Initial investment.
Control source
Transformer
33/0.2kV
 Applicable to various distribution
system.

 Compatible with centralized control

system for future upgrade

Task 5: Reliability of Supply

 Effective to reduce outage

time
 Early identification of
faulty section
Comparison of Outage Before/After the Installation
of TSS* System *TSS: Time sequential Sectionalizing

Item3
P.Finding Project finding for T/L,S/S and D/L in Addis Ababa 21

Review of AADMP

Project finding for

T/L,S/S and D/L in
Result of Site survey
in Addis Ababa
Addis Ababa is
expected.

Discussion with
EEP/EEU
Site Survey Items 22

Assumed condition and Applicable Quality

Candidate Remark
survey items Infrastructure
Addis Center
GIS
S/S has
Addis Centre S/S GIS install assumed in AADMP Direct Connection GIS with
Possibility of
Transformer
relocation
Confirm operational condition
Distribution network Amorphous Distribution
of existing equipment
in urban area Transformer
Detail confirmation of sample
Workshop, Delivery of
Installation points of Pollution of insulator because of million scale by
Pin Post Insulator
Distribution poll in increase of traffic volume NGK in 1980s
urban area to 1990s
Having
BSP in urban area,
Hearing of method and others in Time Sequential installation
Distribution network
case of fault on distribution line Sectionalizing system record in
in urban area
Southeast Asia
Existence of voltage drop and
BSP in urban area Tank Type Capacitor
other problem

23

Thank you for your kind attention.

Data Collection Survey on Addis Ababa Final Report
Transmission and Distribution System Appendices

APPENDIX-5

BLACK LION SUBSTATION

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM, LAYOUT

-6-
 PLOT DATE: 11/1/2016 9:55:48 AM
DWG FILE: C:\Vault Working Folder\ZA02766 - Ethiopia\Designs\ZA02766-05-D01.dwg
PROJECT CUSTOMER BARLOW ROAD
REVISIONS DATE 6-Oct-16
ETHIOPIA ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER HALFWAY HOUSE 1685
PRIVATE BAG X42
NO BY DATE DESCRIPTION
SCALE N.T.S CONTRACT HALFWAY HOUSE 1685
ETHIOPIA SUBSTATION Energy Solutions
ZA02766 Tel: (011) 805-1910
Telefax: (011) 805-1132
DRAWN T. MOEKETSI TITLE E-Mail : conco@conco.co.za

DESIGNED B. MACKAY ADDIS TRANSMISSION NETWORK REHABILITATION PROJECT DRAWING NO. SHEET REV

DESCRIPTION 01
01
COPYRIGHT
THIS DRAWING IS THE PROPERTY OF CONSOLIDATED POWER PROJECTS, IS PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL AND IS SUPPLIED ON THE EXPRESS UNDERSTANDING
THAT IT IS NOT TO BE USED FOR ANY PURPOSE OR COPIED OR COMMUNICATED TO ANY PERSON WITHOUT THE WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE PROPRIETORS
CHECKED E. PHILLIPS SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM - BLACK LION
 CONCO PROJECT APPROVAL CONTRACT:
CONSOLIDATED ADDIS ABABA HV TRANSMISSION NETWORK
COPYRIGHT: THIS DRAWING IS THE
DRAWN JGJ DE JONGH 09/09/2016 POWER PROJECTS UPGRADING PROJECT CONTRACT No. 2
PROPERTY OF CONSOLIDATED
GROUP AFRICA EEP PROJECT NUMBER CO/33.20/123/08
E 21/06/17 CSE ADDED JGJ A.S. P O W E R P R O J E C T S ( P T Y ) L TD . I S D.O. CHECK G. BOTES 22/06/2017 LIMITED
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL AND IS
TITLE:
D 05/05/17 SEPTIC TANK ADDED JGJ G.B. SUPPLIED ON THE EXPRESS PROJ. ENG. A. SWANEPOEL 5th FLOOR, RAFFLES TOWER TEL: ++230 403 55 55
19 CYBERCITY, EBENE
UNDERSTANDING THAT IT IS NOT TO MAURITIUS BLACK LION 132/15kV SUBSTATION
C 19/01/17 RESISTORS ADDED JGJ R.B. B.U.M. / DIR.
BE USED FOR ANY PURPOSE OR GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
PO BOX 34, REDUIT E-Mail: conco@concogrp.com
B 19/10/16 TRANSFORMERS REVISED JGJ R.B. COPIED OR COMMUNICATED TO ANY PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER / TECHNOLOGIST APPROVAL MAURITIUS Web: www.concogrp.com
P E R S O N W I T HO U T T H E W R I T T E N DRG. No. REV
A 09/09/16 ISSUED FOR APPROVAL JGJ R.B. NAME SCALE ON A1 SCALE ON A3 SHEET
PERMISSION OF THE PROPRIETORS.
MU02337-602 E
REV DATE DESCRIPTION BY CHKD REFERENCE DRAWING No. REFERENCE DRAWING DESCRIPTION Reg. No. SIGNATURE: DATE: 1:150 1:300 1 OF 1
21 June 2017 08:27:57 AM - Gihan De Jongh C:\Vault Working Folder\PD\CPP-GA\Current Projects\Ethiopia - MU02337\600 Black Lion\MU02337-602.dwg
Data Collection Survey on Addis Ababa Final Report
Transmission and Distribution System Appendices

APPENDIX-6

KALITI I SUBSTATION
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM, LAYOUT

-7-