Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.

Sci (2018) Special Issue-6: 2279-2284

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences

ISSN: 2319-7692 Special Issue-6 pp. 2279-2284
Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Original Research Article

Economics of Turmeric Production in Sangli District of Maharashtra, India

A. J. Kadte*, D. S. Perke and P. S. Kale

Department of Agricultural Economics, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth,

Parbhani (M.S.), India
*Corresponding author

ABSTRACT

Present study was conducted to access the socio-economic characteristics of turmeric

growers and cost and returns of turmeric production in Sangali district of Maharashtra.
Multistage sampling design was used. From Sangali district, six villages from Miraj and
Palus tehsil were selected randomly. The information pertaining to the objective was
collected from 60 samples of turmeric growers from selected villages. Data pertaining to
agricultural year 2015-16.Percentage, average, standard deviation were used to access
socio-economic condition of the respondents, while coefficient variation was used to test
Keywords the stated hypothesis. Result revealed that, the average age of respondents was 44.83 years.
Turmeric, In respect to education level score found was 2.6. Average family size of turmeric
Socio- respondents was 5.5. Average livestock holding with respect to milch animal and bullock
economic, cost pair of selected farmers were 2.75 and 0.73 respectively. Average occupational level score
and returns was 1.45. Average size of holding of turmeric growers was 2.62 ha of which net sown area
was 2.41 ha. The average double cropped area was 1.07 ha. The cropping intensity was
found 144.40 per cent. The average area under turmeric was 1.30 ha. The results showed
that per hectare cost-A with regard to turmeric cultivation was Rs. 167905.68 while cost-B
was, Rs. 291440.55 and cost-C was Rs. 309138.55. It was found that, gross return was Rs.
739170.00. It was clear that farm business income, family labour income and net profit
were Rs. 571264.32, Rs. 447729.45 and Rs. 430031.45 respectively in turmeric production.
Output input ratio was found to be 2.39.

Introduction

Turmeric (curcuma longa L.) is the dried all over the world. The plant is an
underground rhizome belongs to the family herbaceous perennial, 60-90 cm high with
'Zingiberaceae'. Turmeric is native of India short stem and tufted leaf. It is tropical herb
and china. The world turmeric is derived and can grow on different type of soils.
from the French word 'Terre-merite'
meaning merit of the earth. The genus name Turmeric cultivation does occurs in India,
curcuma is probably derived from the China, Indonesia, Iran, Sri Lanka, Peru and
Persian word 'kurkum' a name also applied Pakistan. India is leading country in the
to saffron. Turmeric is called as 'Yellow spices scenario and enjoy monopoly in the
gold', 'Indian saffron', and 'The golden spice spices production because of suitable
of life'. It is one of the most essential spice climatic condition. India is known as "Home
used as an important ingredient in culinary of Spices" and "Spice bowl of the world ".

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India is largest producer, consumer and selected for the present study. Required data
exporter of turmeric in the world. Turmeric were collected by personal interview method
is grown only in 6% of the total area under with the help of specially designed schedule
spices and condiments in India. India is the for the agricultural year 2015-16. The
largest producer and exporter of turmeric in objectives of the study were completed by
the world and accounts for 80% world’s applying simple statistical tools like means,
total production and 60 % of world export. averages, percentage, ratio etc.

Turmeric production in India has shown a Results and Discussion

fluctuating trend in last five years. It was
43000tones in 2011-12, and increased to Socio-economic characteristics of
65000 tones in 2012-13. Again decreased to turmeric growers
37000 tones in 2013-14 and then increased
to 70000 tones in 2014-15. The annual Socio economic characters such as age of
turmeric production was 48500 tones in farmer, education, family size, occupation
2015-16.Hence price of turmeric is not fixed level and land holding of the selected
and tend to fluctuate year by year. sample were studied and presented in Table
1.1.The age of turmeric grower was 44.83
Maharashtra state in India ranks sixth in area years. Education level of turmeric growers
under turmeric cultivation. The area under was 2.6 score. In case of family size score
crop was 11000 hectare with a production of was 5.5 persons in turmeric farm. The
45000 tonnes and productivity of 4.09 occupational level of turmeric farm was 1.45
tonnes/hectare during 2015-16. In score at 3 quantum score. In case of land
Maharashtra Sangali, Satara, Hingoli, holding, turmeric growers with on an
Nanded, Parbhani are the major turmeric average 2.62 hectares of land.In case of
growing districts. It is one of the major crop bullock pair was 0.73 numbers. Similarly,
in Sangali district. In Sangali the area under milch animal was 2.75 in numbers in
turmeric is 1500 hectares, whereas turmeric farm. In regard to investment, the
production and productivity is 13000 tonnes commonly used assets wasRs. 314952.91 in
and 8.6 tonnes/hectare, respectively in 2015- turmeric farm.
16.
Cropping pattern of the region is the most
Materials and Methods important factor in deciding the economic
status of the region.Cropping pattern of
Multistage sampling design was used for turmeric growers were estimated and
selection of district, tehsils, villages and the presented in Table 1.2.The gross cropped
turmeric growers. In first stage, Sangali area was 3.48 hectares in turmeric farm. It
district was selected purposively because was observed that, proportionate area of
turmeric is grown on large scale in the turmeric crop was 37.36 per cent in turmeric
district. In second stage, two tehsils viz. farm. It shows that, turmeric crop would be
Miraj and Palus were selected randomly. In considered predominant crop in the study
Third stage, from each tehsil three villages area. Kharif bajara crop is second major
were selected randomly. At the last stage, crop grown in study area; the proportionate
from each selected villages ten turmeric area under Kharif bajara crop was 13.79 per
growers were selected randomly. Thus, from cent in turmeric farm. The proportionate
six villages, 60 turmeric growers were area of sugarcane crop was 12.07 per cent.

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Table.1 Socio-economic characteristics of turmeric grower

Sr. No. Particular Standards

1. Age of farmer 44.83
Education level in 5 quantum score 2.6
2. (Illiterate/primary/high school/higher
secondary/ college level)
3. Family size (person) 5.5
Occupational level in 3 quantum score 1.45
4.
(Agriculture/Business/Service)
5. Total land holding (ha) 2.62
6. Average land holding (ha) 1.30
7. Bullock pair (No) 0.73
8. Milch animal(No) 2.75
Investment on commonly used assets and 314952.91
9.
farm building (Rs)

Table.2 Cropping pattern of turmeric grower (ha/farm)

Sr. No. Particular Turmeric farm

Area Per cent
KHARIF
1. Turmeric 1.30 37.36
2. Kharif Bajara 0.48 13.79
3. Maize 0.21 6.03
4. Sugarcane 0.42 12.07
Total 2.41 69.25
RABI
5. Gram 0.21 6.03
6. Rabi Jowar 0.34 9.77
7. Wheat 0.20 5.75
Total 0.75 21.55
SUMMER
8. Vegetables 0.06 1.72
9. Groundnut 0.19 5.46
10. Fodder crop 0.07 2.01
Total 0.32 9.20
11. Gross cropped area 3.48 100
12. Net sown area 2.41 69.25
13. Double cropped area 1.07 30.75
Cropping intensity (%) -- 144.40

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Table.3 Per hectare physical input and output of turmeric production

Particular Unit Turmeric

INPUT
1. Hired human labour Man days 147.25
2. Bullock labour Pair days 15.21
3. Machine labour Hrs. 10.02
4. Rhizome qt 27.60
5. Manure qt 35.28
6. Nitrogen kg 185.68
7. Phosphorus kg 86.15
8. Potash kg 87.88
9. Irrigation No 30.04
10. Family human labour Man days 88.49
OUTPUT
1. Fresh fingers qt 158.91
2. Fresh mother sets qt 29.58

Table.4 Per hectare cost of cultivation of turmeric (Rs/ha)

Particular Turmeric farm Per cent

1. Hired human labour 29450.00 (9.53)
2. Bullock pair 7605.00 (2.46)
3. Machine labour 4008.00 (1.30)
4. Rhizome 82800.00 (26.78)
5. Fertilizer 8266.93 (2.67)
6. Manure 5292.00 (1.71)
7. Plant protection 2869.36 (0.93)
8. Irrigation 7510.00 (2.43)
9. Land revenue 120.31 (0.04)
10. Incidental expenditure 280.85 (0.09)
11. Interest on working capital @ 13% 19284.89 (6.24)
12. Depreciation on capital assets 418.34 (0.13)
12. Cost-A(∑ item 1 to 12) 167905.68 (54.31)
13. Rental value of land 123074.69 (39.81)
14. Interest on fixed capita @ 11 % 460.18 (0.15)
15. Cost-B(∑ item 12 to 14) 291440.55 (94.27)
16. Family labour 17698.00 (5.73)
17. Cost-C (∑ item 15 to 16) 309138.55 (100)
(Figures in parenthesis are the percentage to the Cost-C)

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Table.5 Per hectare profitability of turmeric production (Rs/ha)

Particular Turmeric farm

1. Returns from fresh fingers 635640.00
2. Returns from fresh mother sets 103530.00
3. Gross return (Item 1+2) 739170.00
4. Cost-A 167905.68
5. Cost-B 291440.55
6. Cost-C 309138.55
7. Farm business income (Gross return minus Cost-A) 571264.32
8. Family labour income (Gross return minus Cost-B) 447729.45
9. Net profit (Gross return minus Cost-C) 430031.45
10. Output-Input ratio (Gross return divided by Cost-C) 2.39
11. Per quintal cost of production 1640.08

It inferred that, the farmers are giving more In cultivation of turmeric 147.25 man days
importance to turmeric along with sugarcane of hired human labour, 88.49 man days of
and bajara crops in cropping pattern. family human labour, 15.21 pair days of
Similarly, the proportionate area under bullock labour, 10.02 hours of machine
rabijowar was 9.77 per cent in turmeric farm labour, 27.60 quintals of rhizomes, 35.28
and proportionate area of gram was 6.03 per quintals of manure, 185.68 kg of nitrogen,
cent. 86.15 kg of phosphorus and 87.88 kg of
potash were utilized. With respect to the
The area under groundnut and fodder crops output it is observed that yield of Turmeric
was 5.46 per cent and 2.01 per cent, was 158.91 quintal from fresh fingers and
respectively in turmeric farm. The area 29.58 quintal from fresh mother sets in
under vegetables was 1.72 per cent. The turmeric farm.
total area under kharif and rabi crop was
69.25 per cent and 21.55 per cent, Per hectare cost of cultivation of turmeric
respectively. In regards to cropping was calculated and is presented in table 2.2.
intensity, it was observed that, the cropping Per hectare cost of cultivation (cost-c) of
intensity was 144.40 per cent. Similarly turmeric was Rs.309138.55. The share of
double cropped area was 30.75 per cent. cost-A and cost-B in cost-C was 54.31 per
cent and 94.27 per cent, respectively.
Costs, returns and profitability of
turmeric cultivation Profitability of turmeric production was
worked out and is presented in table
Per hectare utilization of physical input and 2.3.Farm business income, family labour
output in cultivation of turmeric were income and net profit was found
worked out and presented in Table 2.1. Rs.571264.32, Rs.447729.45 and
Rs.430031.45, respectively. It referred that,
Use of per hectare physical input viz., hired turmeric cultivation was more profitable.
human labour, family human labour, bullock
labour, machine labour, rhizome, nitrogen, It was clear that; Output-Input ratio was 2.39
phosphorus, potash and plant protection in turmeric farm. It implied that, when 1
chemicals was found to be at par on farms. rupee spent on turmeric production it would

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lead to give the returns of Rs. 2.39 in Inbasekar K. (2011) Economics of

turmeric cultivation. Per quintal cost of production marketing and price
production of turmeric was Rs. 1640.08. forecasting of turmeric in Warangal
district of Andhra Pradesh.
The proportionate area of sugarcane crop Unpublished M.Sc. (Agri) thesis
was 12.07 per cent. It inferred that, the submitted to Acharya N. G. Ranga
farmers are giving more importance to Agricultural University.
turmeric along with sugarcane and bajara Kamble P. L. (2003) Economics of
crops in cropping pattern. Farm business production and marketing of turmeric
income, family labour income and net profit in Sangali district of Maharashtra.
was found Rs.571264.32, Rs.447729.45 and Unpublished M. Sc (Agri) thesis
Rs.430031.45, respectively. Submitted to Mahatma Phule Krishi
Vidyapeeth, Rahuri.
References Lokesh G. B. and M. G. Chandrakant (2004)
Economics of Production, Marketing
Dodke L.B., S.S. Kalamkar, N. V. Shende of Turmeric in Karnataka. Indian
and B.L. Deoghare (2002) Economics Journal of Agricultural Marketing, 18
of production and marketing of (2): 32-44.
turmeric. Indian Journal of Mane U. S., R.B. Changule, P.L. Kolekar
Agricultural Marketing, 16 (2): 69-72. and S.H. Gharge (2011). An economic
Ghumatkar A. D. (2003) Economics of analysis of turmeric arrivals and price
production and marketing of garlic in behaviour in Sangali district of
Pune district of Maharashtra state. Maharashtra. International Journal of
Unpublished M.Sc. (Agri) thesis Commerce and Business Management,
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Univercity, Parbhani.

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