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Environmental Science 7 4th Quarter

The document summarizes key aspects of the water cycle and properties of water. It discusses the stages of the water cycle including evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection. It also outlines sources of water such as surface water from rivers and lakes and groundwater below the surface. Finally, it provides a brief overview of the El Niño and La Niña phenomena and compares their effects.

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Bill Fernando
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32 views

Environmental Science 7 4th Quarter

The document summarizes key aspects of the water cycle and properties of water. It discusses the stages of the water cycle including evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection. It also outlines sources of water such as surface water from rivers and lakes and groundwater below the surface. Finally, it provides a brief overview of the El Niño and La Niña phenomena and compares their effects.

Uploaded by

Bill Fernando
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The earth’s

hydrosphere
The earth’s
water budget
About 97% of
the water on
Earth is
saltwater
Freshwater
makes up
the
remaining
3%
The water cycle,
also called the
hydrologic cycle,
continuously
makes available
this essential
substance.
Properties of
water
1. Water has
hydrogen bonds.
A molecule of water,
H2O, contains two atoms
of hydrogen and one
atom of oxygen which
are joined chemically.
2. Water boils at 100 and
freezes at 0 degrees Celsius.
Water is the only
substance that could
exist as liquid, solid or gas
within temperatures that
are easily attained for
various needs.
3. Water has a high heat
capacity.
Water has a high heat of
vaporization, which
means that it would
take a lot of energy to
make bodies of water
dry up.
4. Water is polar.
Water is called a
universal solvent because
it is easily available and
it can dissolve many
substances.
5. Water is
transparent.
Water is clear and
allows light to pass
through.
6. The density of ice
is lower than the
density of liquid
water.
Ice floats on liquid
water because it is
lighter.
water cycle
There are four main
stages in the water cycle.
They are evaporation,
condensation,
precipitation and
collection. Let's look at
each of these stages.
Evaporation: This is when
warmth from the sun
causes water from oceans,
lakes, streams, ice and soils
to rise into the air and turn
into water vapour (gas).
Water vapour droplets join
together to make clouds!
Condensation: This is
when water vapor
in the air cools down
and turns back into
liquid water.
Precipitation: This is
when water (in the
form of rain, snow,
hail or sleet) falls
from clouds in the
sky.
Rainwater is
distributed through
different ways, such
as infiltration,
percolation,
absorption and
runoff.
Infiltration is the
process by which
water enters the
soil.
In percolation,
water moves down
further into the soil
and rocks until it
reaches the
groundwater
storage areas.
Much water ends up
as runoff: water
flows in downslope
surface movement,
bringing it back to
the rivers, lakes or
seas.
Collection: This is
when water that
falls from the clouds
as rain, snow, hail or
sleet, collects in the
oceans, rivers, lakes,
streams.
sources of
water
Water in the rivers,
lakes and seas and
in the reservoirs is
considered surface
water.
The water that
works its way below
the ground through
voids and
permeable rocks
makes up
groundwater.
el nino – la nina
phenomena
El Nino is the warming
of the surface water of
the eastern and central
Pacific Ocean,
occurring every 4 to 12
years and causing
unusual global weather
patterns.
La Nina is the cooling of
the ocean surface off the
western coast of South
America, occurring
periodically every 4 to 12
years and affecting
Pacific and other
weather patterns.
comparison of el nino
and la nina
EL NINO LA NINA
Warmer surface waters along Frequent and stronger
the coasts typhoons; longer rainy season
in Southeast Asia

Sharp decline in fish harvest Colder and longer winter


season in the northern
hemisphere

Long dry season resulting to Flooding in coastal regions and


critical water levels in floodplains
reservoirs
Drying up of farmlands, Serious economic
resulting to poor crop harvests consequences

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