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    Endogenous Process

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    rufino delacruz
    This document discusses endogenous processes, which are geological processes that occur within the Earth. It describes three main endogenous processes: magmatism, volcanism, and metamorphism. Magmatism involves the formation of magma within the Earth's crust and mantle. Volcanism occurs when magma reaches the surface of the Earth and is emitted as lava during eruptions or cools and solidifies below ground. Metamorphism is the process by which the minerals and textures of existing rocks change due to increases in temperature and pressure.

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    Endogenous Process

    Uploaded by

    rufino delacruz
    80 views28 pages
    This document discusses endogenous processes, which are geological processes that occur within the Earth. It describes three main endogenous processes: magmatism, volcanism, and metamorphism. Magmatism involves the formation of magma within the Earth's crust and mantle. Volcanism occurs when magma reaches the surface of the Earth and is emitted as lava during eruptions or cools and solidifies below ground. Metamorphism is the process by which the minerals and textures of existing rocks change due to increases in temperature and pressure.

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    ENDOGENOUS PROCESS

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    This document discusses endogenous processes, which are geological processes that occur within the Earth. It describes three main endogenous processes: magmatism, volcanism, and metamorphism. Magmatism involves the formation of magma within the Earth's crust and mantle. Volcanism occurs when magma reaches the surface of the Earth and is emitted as lava during eruptions or cools and solidifies below ground. Metamorphism is the process by which the minerals and textures of existing rocks change due to increases in temperature and pressure.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    80 views28 pages

    Endogenous Process

    Uploaded by

    rufino delacruz
    This document discusses endogenous processes, which are geological processes that occur within the Earth. It describes three main endogenous processes: magmatism, volcanism, and metamorphism. Magmatism involves the formation of magma within the Earth's crust and mantle. Volcanism occurs when magma reaches the surface of the Earth and is emitted as lava during eruptions or cools and solidifies below ground. Metamorphism is the process by which the minerals and textures of existing rocks change due to increases in temperature and pressure.

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    ENDOGENOUS

    PROCESS
    Basic formation
    Relative proportions of rock groups

    Metamorphic rocks:
    smaller proportion of
    total
    Exogenous
    vs
    Endogenous
    Process
    Endogenous Process
     take place within or in the interior
    of Earth.
     it is cause by the thermal energy
    of the mantle.
     it is responsible of eathquakes,
    development of continents,
    mountain building, volcanic
    activities and other more.
    Endogenous Process
     Magmatism
     Volcanism (Plutinism)
     Metamorphism
    Magmatism
     Magma is the
    original material that
    make up igneous
    rocks.
     it happens when
    magma is generated
    and develops into
    igneous (magmatic)
    rocks
    Extrusive (volcanic) igneous rocks
     Form by rapid crystallisation from magmas at the
    surface
     Characterised by volcanic glass (e.g. obsidian)
     And /or fine grained crystals (e.g basalt).
     Two major types -
    • Lavas - forming flows
    • Pyroclastics - forming deposits of volcanic fragments
     Both may be found in most volcanic settings
    Sites of active volcanoes
    PYROCLASTIC ERUPTION

    Montserrat - 1998 eruption of Soufriere Hills volcano


    Lava flow

    Lava flow on Kilauea volcano Hawaii: a bit hot!


    Volcanism
    (Plutonism)
     usually happens
    after magma is
    formed.
     as soon as magma
    reaches the surface
    of Earth, it is now
    called “lava”.
    Sedimentary Structures
    in Layered Igneous Intrusions

    Harzburgite bands in
    Josephine Ophiolite, Oregon
    From: http://www.uoregon.edu/~dogsci/kays/31
    Magmatic Cross-Beds
    in Skaergaard Layered Intrusion

    From: http://www.uoregon.edu/~dogsci/kays/313
    Cindery lava texture LAVA

    Ropy lava texture


    VESICULAR BASALTS
    Textures produced by escaping gas bubbles
    some gas bubbles infilled by minerals - amygdales
    Basaltic lava showing small white phenocrysts
    Porphyritic igneous rock with white phenocrysts of feldspar
    PRODUCTS OF VOLCANIC ERUPTION

    Obsidian Pumice

    GLASS

    Ash
    Ash

    PYROCLASTICS
    WELDED TUFF Volcanic ash flow showing flattened
    and deformed volcanic clasts and glass
    Metamorphism
     process of changing the
    materials that make up a rocks.
     it is caused by temperature and
    pressure.
     3 kinds of metamorphism
     Contact metamorphism
     Burial metamorphism
     Regional metamorphism
    Metamorphism
     Contact metamorphism
     happens when magma intrudes a
    cooler rock, exposing to higher
    temperatures but not to higher
    pressure.
    Metamorphism
    Burial metamorphism
     when rocks was exposed to higher
    temperature and constant
    stress/pressure.
    Metamorphism
    Regional metamorphism
     occurs when large mass of rocks
    was exposed to different stress and
    to high temperature.
    Metamorphism
     Types of Regional metamorphism
    stress
     Tensional- pulls rocks apart, making it
    elongated.
     Compressional- squeezes the rock,
    making shortened
     Shear- applies stress in different sides,
    making it twisted and crumpled.

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