Armed and Ready

Armed and ready https://web.archive.org/web/20150524192004/http://www.newindianexp...
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Armed and ready

Author: N C Bipindra
• Published Date: Jan 27, 2013 12:00 AM

• Last Updated: Jan 27, 2013 2:37 AM
Lost in the clamour of the LoC beheading

incident is the cold, hard reality that the Indian
armed forces are no pushover, some thing they
have demonstrated time and again. And they're
only getting meaner in the 21st century.
Lakshman Gurung, in his nineties, is an old hero. Old

soldiers don’t die, as the adage says, but Gurung refuses to
fade away either. He is part of a forgotten legacy of the
British empire, when around 2.5 million Indians fought in the
bloody theatres of Africa, Europe and Asia. After
Independence, a tripartite agreement between India, Britian
and Nepal gave Gurkhas like Gurung the choice to join either
the British Army or the newborn Indian Army. Only two
1 of 16 13-11-2022, 06:59
regiments joined the British. Gurung and his regiment did

not. Once an Indian soldier, always in the Indian Army. It is
this spirit of India’s finest that has been angered by the
beheading incident in Mendhar on the LoC. On the border
posts, officers and men swear revenge. On January 14,
addressing a press conference at the majestic Manekshaw
Centre in Delhi Cantonment, Indian Army chief General
Bikram Singh thundered: “My directions are clear, I expect
my commanders to be aggressive and offensive on Line of
Control (LoC).” The UPA government, blindly pursuing a
peace initiative with Pakistan, forced the generals to tone
down their rhetoric. From Gurung, who won the Victorial
Cross, to Bikram Singh, who carries the wounds of conflict
like trophies, the memories of brutal wars the Indian Army
fought from Mespotamia to Kashmir are part of the gestalt of
every officer and enlisted man. India has the world’s second
largest standing army, an awesome phalanx of over a million
active soldiers. In 1939, the army numbered 194,373,
including 34,515 non-combatants. By 1945, the Indian Army
had become the largest volunteer force in history when it
joined the Allied War effort against the Axis powers. Field-
Marshal Sir Claude Auchinleck, the then Commander-in-
Chief of the Indian Army admitted gallantly that the British
“couldn’t have come through both wars if they hadn’t had
the Indian Army.”
What is it that makes it one of the greatest war machines of

the 21st century? The last war, fought on the slippery, cold
and desolate mountain slopes of Kargil cost 527 Indian lives,
but proved the redoubtable resolve and power of the Indian
infantry, supported by a highly innovative artillery and a
disciplined air force. It also proved the army’s respect for
democratic values, in spite of being surrounded by two
hostile nations which have armies that do not believe in
2 of 16 13-11-2022, 06:59
democracy.
The Indian Army is a rapidly evolving force. During Operation

Rudra Akrosh, held in May 2012 which was aimed at testing
the army’s battle readiness, newly acquired technology, the
Western Army Command conducted war games on the
western border. It was a massive integrated high-tech battle
exercise involving 20,000 troops, weapon systems and
Indian Air Force planes. Rudra Akrosh was not about putting
the Pakistani army on guard indicating what they would face,
but also giving Indian troops an idea of their offensive and
defensive power using infantry, ordinary and mechanised,
tanks, artillery, heliborne troops, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
(UAVs) helicopters and surveillance technology.
The air force has played an integral role in all the four major
wars India has fought. Initially, Indian military planners did
not factor in its role: one of the main reasons India lost the
1962 war with China. In 1965, when Pakistan launched
Operation Gibraltar, the IAF launched strikes deep into
enemy territory despite being vulnerable to attack.
The Indian armed forces have, however, been constantly

hobbled by domestic political interests: on the Eastern sector
in 1965, the IAF’s Folland Gnats were prevented from
retaliating against Pakistan air attacks by the government.
The war was a turning point in India’s air aggression
doctrine: when the guns fell silent, India had lost 75 planes
while Pakistan lost a mere 20 Sabres. The IAF came into its
own in the 1971 war against Pakistan, forcing an aggressive
enemy to fly defensive sorties. In the first week of the war,
the IAF flew more than 2,000 sorties into Pakistan, and
supported Indian Navy operations. The battle of Longewala
was its finest hour, turning the desert into a funeral ground
3 of 16 13-11-2022, 06:59
for Pakistani tanks and men. The IAF’s response to

Pakistani adventurism has been as aggressive; Air Chief
Marshal NAK Browne warned Pakistan this month that if
ceasefire violations continue, India may have to look at
“other options”. The IAF covered itself with glory in Kargil,
carrying out strikes against entrenched positions, especially
on the now-legendary Tiger Hill.
The leading edge
On October 27, 1947 the first Indian soldier—from the First

Sikh Infantry Battalion—stepped into Badgam in the Kashmir
Valley to confront Pakistani irregulars. It was the first time the
Indian Army saw action after 1947. The day is celebrated as
‘Infantry Day’ in memory of the infantry action that repulsed
the Pakistani attack, though weak political will was to lose
India a significant part of Kashmir later. From then on,
through four major wars, there have been battlefields that
are milestones in the history of post-Independence armed
conflict in the subcontinent. Battles like the Battle of
Chawinda, Burki, Namchaku, Tololing and more have
become ballads for the valourous slain. The infantry is the
only continuous force to be deployed in the Siachen area
which it won from Pakistan in a pitched battle in subzero
conditions in 1984. Indian infantrymen top the roll of honour
as well: they have won 17 Param Vir Chakras of the 20
awarded, and no less than 30 Ashok Chakras.
A 2005 paper by Dharmendra Singh takes note of the

changing strategic mindset of the Indian army which was a
colonial relic of the British. The British preferred
subservience over loyalty, quarantining Indian soldiers when
on duty overseas. It has taken decades to change the old
warhorse maxim of ‘Damn Your Writing, Mind Your Fighting’
4 of 16 13-11-2022, 06:59
to a modern, thinking soldier. Retired Brigadier Amarjeet

Singh, writing in The Indian Defense Journal states that “the
soldier who has learnt to think has an intrinsic advantage in
upsetting conditions of war over the soldiers who have
merely learnt to perform correctly”.
The Indian Army has 356 infantry battalions, comprising

nearly four lakh soldiers in regiments created along regional
and community identities. Most of these regiments owe their
existence to the British Army traditions that led to the
creation of units with Madras, Sikh, Rajput and such others.
They make up 18 Divisions with 356 battalions under 26
regiments. About 1.5 lakh infantry soldiers are deployed in
Kashmir, and another one lakh troops are deployed in the
North -east, both in counter-insurgency operations and to
defend the borders from external aggression. A total of three
lakh infantrymen guard our borders with both Pakistan and
China. Over 7,000 infantrymen are deployed overseas as
part of UN Peacekeeping forces in five missions in Congo,
Sudan, South Sudan, East Timor and Ivory Coast. The
Indian infantrymen is not as technologically equipped as a
US solider, and this makes his performance even more
impressive. The modernisation of the Indian Army, especially
of its ground troops, is an ongoing process.
Both India and China have changed the strategy of their

cross -border incursions, forcing India to adapt accordingly.
Clausewitz’s maxim that ‘don’t think what the enemy will do,
think what he can do’ drives modern warfare as well. “We
are shifting the focus from a ‘Threat Based’ to a ‘Capability
Based’ force structure. Additional Infantry and new raisings
are part of this ‘Capability Based’ force structure,” said then
Director General Infantry Lt. Gen. Vinod Bhatia in an
interview last year.
5 of 16 13-11-2022, 06:59
The Big Guns
In 1792, when the Britishers were fighting Mysore’s Tipu

Sultan, they encountered the first iron-cased rocket artillery
that struck terror among their troops. Lt Col Knox and his
advancing infantrymen were targeted by Tipu’s forces near
Srirangapatnam and inflicted major damage.
The British had learnt their lessons in artillery. The Indian

Army’s present day artillery regiments owe their existence to
the British, who raised them in 1935. After Independence,
Indian artillery regiments have participated in all the four
wars against Pakistan and China. After the 1962 war with
China, the Indian artillery forces only grew and got better. In
1971, when India fought a two-front war against Pakistan,
the artillery came of age.
The most recent conflict in which the artillery had a

commendable role was the 1999 Kargil battle. Despite the
disadvantages of icy Himalayan terrain, they put the 155mm
Bofors guns to best use by using the difficult terrain to their
advantage to hide from enemy counter fire. According to
Major General Jagjit Singh, who has documented artillery’s
contribution during the 1999 conflict in his book Artillery—
The Battle-Winning Arm, notes that 100 to 120 guns were, at
times, fired in concert. “Direct shooting, particularly by the
Bofors, spelt terror amongst the defenders and had a
devastating effect on enemy bunkers. It also meant
considerable saving of ammunition as compared to indirect
firing of guns, since almost every round fired was a hit,” he
said.
After a decade of the bribery scandal that hit the Rajiv

Gandhi government in 1987, a largely maligned Bofors gun
6 of 16 13-11-2022, 06:59
had resurrected its credibility as a good weapon. Today, the

Indian field artillery comprises 190 regiments in two Artillery
Divisions, apart from those supporting infantrymen and
armoured divisions to thrust forward even as they pound
enemy targets.
As with the armoured formations, artillery formations are a

key part of the new Indian ‘pro-active’ strategy against
Pakistan—the ‘Cold Start’ Doctrine.
Having realised its needs to fight a short, but aggressive,

war against Pakistan, the Indian Army has incorporated the
artillery in this new doctrine to bring down a torrent of
missiles, rockets and mortars to annihilate enemy tanks,
troops, and tactical assets. The Indian artillery missiles
include the heavy-duty Russian-origin 122mm BM-21 Grad,
300mm BM-30 Smerch and the indigenous 214mm Pinaka.
Since the Bofors scandal, India hasn’t bought a single gun;

it was only in 2012 that 145 ultra-light howitzers were
ordered as an emergency requirement from the US to fill up
a gap in the mountain warfare capability pointed out by
former Army chief General V K Singh in a letter to Prime
Minister Manmohan Singh in early 2012.
The Cavalry
If there is one tank battle as legendary as the battle of Kursk

during World War II, it is the Chawinda battle fought by India
against Pakistan in 1965 close to Sialkot. Pakistani M-48
Patton tanks had outnumbered the Indian Centurion,
Sherman and AMX-13 tanks, which stood their ground, and
were lording over 200 square miles of Pakistani territory at
the end of hostilities. Some of the captured Pattons still
stand as war trophies at key Indian military stations all over
7 of 16 13-11-2022, 06:59
North India, a reminder of hard-won glory.
In 1971 too, Indian Army excelled in tank battles all over the
western sector, particularly in the Chamb and Shakargarh
sectors, though there still were sporadic tanks battles in the
eastern theatre too. In the Basantar battle, equipped with the
Centurion tanks, 17 Poona Horse stopped the advancing
Pakistani Patton tanks, after young Second Lieutenant Arun
Khetarpal refused to leave the battle despite being the only
one to be fighting in that theatre. Khetarpal continued to fire
at enemy Pattons, before going down a martyr, for which he
won the Param Vir Chakra.
After the battle ended, the Pakistani commander at Basantar

specially walked over to the Indian commander to inquire
who this young officer, who stopped the Pakistani advance
single-handedly, was. That story is now part of tank legends.
The Indian Army’s armoured regiments are spread across

three divisions in 64 regiments accounting for 4,200 tanks. At
present, it boasts of 48 regiments comprising 2,400 T-72
tanks that will be upgraded with better night fighting
capabilities. Another 14 regiments have 800 Russian-origin
T-90 tanks that are now the main battle tanks of the Indian
Army. The indigenous Arjuns form another two regiments
active in the Rajasthan desert.
Since Operation Parakram in 2001-02 when the military

mobilisation faltered, India’s war-fighting strategy has
changed drastically in the last 11 years. Drawing lessons
from the 10-month mobilisation process, India’s ‘Cold Start
Doctrine’ gives maximum weightage to its armoured might,
so as to unleash a blitzkreig and advance into enemy
territory. Since the new strategy was announced by then
8 of 16 13-11-2022, 06:59
Army chief General N C Vij in 2004, the Indian Army’s three

formidable ‘Strike’ Corps along with the 10 Pivot/Holding
Corps have worked hard to finetune it, thanks to the 15
major exercises in the last eight years.
Now the strategy is for the armoured corps to go full steam

into operations within 48 hours of a green signal from the
Indian political leadership —in case Pakistan needs to be
punished for its misadventures and misdemeanors. As
several Indian Army commanders have spelt out over the
years, “The aim of the war is total annihilation of the enemy
offensive forces, having a shock and awe
effect...immobilising the adversary.”
Ruling the seas The 1965 India-Pakistan conflict was mostly

a land battle and the Indian Navy got an opportunity to show
its prowess only in the 1971 war. After Prime Minister Indira
Gandhi ordered it to deny Pakistan access to its territory on
India’s east, the rest, as they say, is history. With their
supplies depleting and the lines choked, Pakistani troops
surrendered in matter of days and a record 90,000 troops
were taken prisoners. Then, the Indian Navy’s best asset
was its lone aircraft carrier, INS Vikrant, a World War II
vintage British-origin warship. When Pakistan sent its ageing
PNS Ghazi submarine to hunt down Vikrant, its sailors hadn’t
imagined the Bay of Bengal would become their and the
vessel’s watery grave.
Ghazi thought it could sneak into the Visakhapatnam port

and sink Vikrant. But unaware to Ghazi, Vikrant was far
away, sailing towards Chittagong. The Pakistani submarine
was detected and sunk by INS Rajput, a Destroyer, near
Visakhapatnam. About 40 years later, the Indian Navy
accounted for three kills in the Indian Ocean region, when its
9 of 16 13-11-2022, 06:59
frigates and attack craft sunk three pirate ships in the last
five years during its anti-piracy operations in the Gulf of Aden
and the eastern Arabian Sea. No wonder, the efforts, along
with the other navies, have contributed to a drastic decline in
piracy in the region.
The Indian Navy has already retired Vikrant and turned it into
a museum in Mumbai. It purchased a Centaur class aircraft
carrier from the British in 1987 and rechristened it INS Viraat.
As it stands today, Indian Navy is the fifth largest in the world
after the US, China, Russia and South Korea. With a fleet
strength of 170 warships, it can count Viraat, nuclear-
powered submarine INS Chakra and amphibious warship
INS Jalashwa, bought from the US in 2007, among its major
combatants. It has 8,000 officers and around 80,000
personnel in service. To the world navies’ surprise, India has
exploited Viraat’s prowess for 25 years, thereby completing
its Golden jubilee of naval service.
Indian Navy is just a year away from Russian-origin INS

Vikramaditya joining its fleet. It will added another three
indigenous aircraft carriers by 2025. Apart from INS Chakra,
leased for 10 years from Russia, India is building its own
nuclear-powered vessels of the Arihant class. Three of these
vessels to will join the service in the near future. Its
conventional submarine fleet, numbering 12 at present, too
will be augmented with 12 more vessels in the years to come
when the Scorpene class and the follow-on Air Independent
Propulsion vessels join the force. Among the surface
warships, the Indian Navy has 14 destroyers and 15 frigates,
though more vessels are on order. In all, 42 warships will join
the Indian Navy at the rate of five vessels a year over the
next decade.
10 of 16 13-11-2022, 06:59
Air supremacy
In July-August 2008, IAF’s Sukhoi combat planes flew

19,000 km, all the way from Pune to Nevada in the US to
compete against the American F-15s and F-16s, and the
French Rafales, in the world’s toughest ‘Red Flag’ air
exercise. Soon came the news that Indian Su-30MKI was
chosen the best by British Flight magazine readers online,
rating it above even the American F-22 and F-15.
Undoubtedly, the Russian origin Sukhois, with thrust

vectoring capabilities, are the best, what with option to carry
Indo-Russian joint venture supersonic BrahMos cruise
missiles with a 290-km target range. “With such capability,
no enemy target can escape the fury of the Indian Sukhois,”
says a Wing Commander who has flown this potent war
machine. There is a reason for the Pakistanis to fear the
Sukhois, despite having the US F-16s in its three squadrons.
Considered over the fourth generation fighters in terms of
technology, Sukhois can be configured to carry tactical
nuclear weapons.
And that is why the IAF plans to induct 272 Sukhois in its 14
squadrons. At present, the IAF has 10 Sukhoi squadrons
deployed all over the country. When all the 14 squadrons are
inducted, even South India will get Sukhoi cover. The IAF is
officially acknowledged as the world’s fourth largest air force
after the US, Russia and China. Since it was established in
1932 as an auxiliary air force, IAF has come a long way from
having five pilots flying the Westland Wapiti biplanes to
having an officer cadre of 12,000 and another 1.4 lakh
enlisted personnel. It also boasts of 650 combat planes and
another 200 transport planes, and has over 100 airbases.
11 of 16 13-11-2022, 06:59
India is in the process of buying French Dassault Aviation’s

Rafales combat planes. The initial order for Rafales would be
126 planes and this could grow by another 63 Rafales.
Sukhois and Rafales apart, India will fly its Russian MiG-29s,
French Mirage-2000s and British Jaguars squadrons in three
squadrons each. However, 12 squadrons of MiG-21 variants
and four MiG-27 squadrons are clearly on the way out.
Though the combat squadron strength will slide from the
existing 33 beginning 2015, it is likely to go up once again by
2022 and exceed the sanctioned 42 squadrons by 2025.
The IAF did not get to join the war effort in 1962 during the
Chinese invasion, leading to criticisms even today. Present
IAF chief Air Chief Marshal NAK Browne had said in October
last that the outcome of the 1962 war could have been
different only if air power had been used by India. Three
years later, it got an opportunity in 1965 against Pakistan,
when it actively engaged an enemy air force for the first time,
carrying out independent strikes on Pakistan Air Force
bases. The IAF’s agile Gnats earned the sobriquet of ‘Sabre
Slayers’; the IAF ‘killed’ 20 of them. In 1971, the IAF carried
out 6,000 sorties, destroying nearly 30 Pakistani tanks and
40 infantry combat vehicles, apart from taking out a railway
track on the western front. In Kargil battle, MiG-27s, MiG-21s
and Mirage-2000s pounded enemy positions on the peaks
accurately.
The Indian military’s record speaks for itself. When it is

challenged, the guns do the talking.
Admiral (Retd) Arun Prakash on India’s fighting men
Valour
The Indian soldier’s valour is legendary. They are the best in
12 of 16 13-11-2022, 06:59
the world. They have proved it in the two world wars and
also in the four wars that India fought since Independence.
Operational capability
Indian forces’ operational capability will be as good as the

equipment they get. Against Pakistan, Indian forces are
more than a match to their adversary in a conventional war.
In China’s case, we have to be careful, though we have the
capability to defend ourselves.
Civilian Aid
It is not correct to use our armed forces in every domestic

crisis. Armed forces are meant to fight the external enemy.
That’s what the armed forces are for. We should not use our
armed forces to fight our own people internally. The role of
the armed forces and police in tackling external and internal
threats needed to be defined and followed strictly. Use of
armed forces in internal conflicts is not good for the armed
forces and the country.
General (retd) V P Malik on the indian soldier
Valour
He is the best in the world. He can take on anyone in case

he is challenged.
It is dependent on what the Indian troops are up against,

China or Pakistan. If it is Pakistan, we can definitely defend
ourselves. In the case of China, there are some
shortcomings in the form of infrastructure along the northern
13 of 16 13-11-2022, 06:59
border, which makes it difficult to deploy force at all places.

This is the main problem. China is better positioned in Tibet.
In terms of equipment also, we need to make up in artillery
modernisation.
Civilian Aid
One of the responsibilities that the Indian armed forces have

is to go in aid of the civil administration in case of
maintenance of law and order and relief work during natural
calamities. They have done this work well in the past. I am
sure they will continue to do it well in the future too.
Air Chief Marshal (Retd) P V Naik on india’s air warriors
Valour
Very high, there can be no doubts on that front. They are the
best and they have proved it time and again. They are also
the best trained, as witnessed in the operations that they
have carried out and during the joint exercises they hold with
other countries.
Very good and up to the mark, at present. Even with the

present capability, we are quite capable of defending
ourselves. In terms of capability to defend ourselves, we
have got a lot of acquisition plans in the pipeline. We are
today at the lowest cusp of capability building. In the next 10
to 15 years, we have to speed up procurements. If not,
depletion in capability levels will let people get adventurous
with India.
Civilian Aid
14 of 16 13-11-2022, 06:59
It is part of tasks under the charter provided to the armed

forces. Yeah, they must continue to perform this role.
However, the armed forces should not be used
indiscriminately and should be a last resort.
ARMY
Corps HQs
Leh-14, Srinagar-15, Nagrota-16, Yol-9, Jalandhar-11,

Bhatinda-10, Jodhpur-12, Ambala-2, Mathura-1, Bhopal-21,
Siliguri-33, Tezpur-4, Dimapur-3, Panagarh-Mountain Corps
(Proposed)
Command HQs
Udhampur-Northern, Chandimandir-Western, Shimla-

Training, Jaipur-South Western, Lucknow-Central, Kolkata-
Eastern, Pune-Southern
AIRFORCE
Air Bases
Siachen, Leh, Srinagar, Chandigarh, Adampur, Pathankot,

Bhatinda, Halwara, Ambala, Sirsa, Bareilly, Suratgarh,
Bikaner, Barmer, Uttarlai, Jamnagar, Bhuj, Naliya, Pune,
Gwalior, Cuttack, Bidar, Hakimpet, Sulur, Thanjavur,
Kalaikunda, Hashimara, Panagarh, Tezpur, Chabua
Missile bases
Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, North East, Odisha

(Testing Base)
15 of 16 13-11-2022, 06:59
NAVY
Naval Bases
Goa, Tuticorin, Chennai, Kakinada, Paradip
Command HQs
Mumbai-Western, Visakhapatnam- Eastern, Kochi-Southern
Submarine Bases Karwar, INS Varsha, Visakhapatnam

Copyright © 2012 The New Indian Express. All rights reserved.
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Armed and ready https://web.archive.org/web/20150524192004/http://www.newindianexp...

The Wayback Machine - https://web.archive.org/web/201505241…

• Published Date: Jan 27, 2013 12:00 AM

Lost in the clamour of the LoC beheading

Lakshman Gurung, in his nineties, is an old hero. Old

regiments joined the British. Gurung and his regiment did

What is it that makes it one of the greatest war machines of

The Indian Army is a rapidly evolving force. During Operation

The Indian armed forces have, however, been constantly

for Pakistani tanks and men. The IAF’s response to

The leading edge

On October 27, 1947 the first Indian soldier—from the First

A 2005 paper by Dharmendra Singh takes note of the

to a modern, thinking soldier. Retired Brigadier Amarjeet

The Indian Army has 356 infantry battalions, comprising

Both India and China have changed the strategy of their

The Big Guns

In 1792, when the Britishers were fighting Mysore’s Tipu

The British had learnt their lessons in artillery. The Indian

The most recent conflict in which the artillery had a

After a decade of the bribery scandal that hit the Rajiv

had resurrected its credibility as a good weapon. Today, the

As with the armoured formations, artillery formations are a

Having realised its needs to fight a short, but aggressive,

Since the Bofors scandal, India hasn’t bought a single gun;

If there is one tank battle as legendary as the battle of Kursk

North India, a reminder of hard-won glory.

After the battle ended, the Pakistani commander at Basantar

The Indian Army’s armoured regiments are spread across

Since Operation Parakram in 2001-02 when the military

Army chief General N C Vij in 2004, the Indian Army’s three

Now the strategy is for the armoured corps to go full steam

Ruling the seas The 1965 India-Pakistan conflict was mostly

Ghazi thought it could sneak into the Visakhapatnam port

Indian Navy is just a year away from Russian-origin INS

In July-August 2008, IAF’s Sukhoi combat planes flew

Undoubtedly, the Russian origin Sukhois, with thrust

India is in the process of buying French Dassault Aviation’s

The Indian military’s record speaks for itself. When it is

Admiral (Retd) Arun Prakash on India’s fighting men

The Indian soldier’s valour is legendary. They are the best in

Indian forces’ operational capability will be as good as the

It is not correct to use our armed forces in every domestic

General (retd) V P Malik on the indian soldier

He is the best in the world. He can take on anyone in case

It is dependent on what the Indian troops are up against,

border, which makes it difficult to deploy force at all places.

One of the responsibilities that the Indian armed forces have

Air Chief Marshal (Retd) P V Naik on india’s air warriors

Very good and up to the mark, at present. Even with the

It is part of tasks under the charter provided to the armed

Leh-14, Srinagar-15, Nagrota-16, Yol-9, Jalandhar-11,

Udhampur-Northern, Chandimandir-Western, Shimla-

Siachen, Leh, Srinagar, Chandigarh, Adampur, Pathankot,

Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, North East, Odisha

Goa, Tuticorin, Chennai, Kakinada, Paradip

Mumbai-Western, Visakhapatnam- Eastern, Kochi-Southern