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Working Principle of A Ups System

A UPS system provides backup power to critical equipment when utility power fails. It has 4 main components: a rectifier converts AC to DC, batteries store power, an inverter converts DC back to AC power for connected devices, and a static bypass switch provides power from utilities in the event of a UPS failure. When power drops or surges, the UPS switches to battery power which is inverted to AC to run equipment without interruption. Common UPS faults include battery failure, capacitor issues, or aging power supplies.

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195 views

Working Principle of A Ups System

A UPS system provides backup power to critical equipment when utility power fails. It has 4 main components: a rectifier converts AC to DC, batteries store power, an inverter converts DC back to AC power for connected devices, and a static bypass switch provides power from utilities in the event of a UPS failure. When power drops or surges, the UPS switches to battery power which is inverted to AC to run equipment without interruption. Common UPS faults include battery failure, capacitor issues, or aging power supplies.

Uploaded by

Izi Karo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WORKING PRINCIPLE OF A UPS SYSTEM

DEFINITION: UPS (Un-interruptible Power Supply) can defined as a device that


allows a computer to keep running for at least a short time when incoming power
is interrupted.
A standby UPS resort to battery backup power in the event of common power
problems such as blackout, voltage sag, or voltage surge. When incoming utility
power drop below or surges above safe voltage levels, the UPS switches to a DC
battery power and then inverts it to AC power to run connected equipment.
COMPONENT’S IN THE UPS SYSTEM
1) Rectifier.
2) UPS batteries.
3) Inverter.
4) Static bypass switch.
UPS RECTIFIER: The ups rectifier carries out several key functions;
a) It converts the input power from A.C (Alternating Current) to D.C (Direct
Current).
b) It also recharged the batteries, while the DC power route to the inverter too.
The ups rectifiers can accept wide input voltage fluctuation, meaning the
system can handle overloads or surges without having to engage the batteries.
UPS BATTERIES
The batteries in the ups system provides emergency power when the
mains supply fails, either the rectifier or a separate charger ensures
that the batteries are always charged.
Battery systems have at least one string of batteries; with the
number of required depending on the DC voltage of the up. Batteries
within a string are connected in a series, so if a single battery fails, so
too does the entire string
UPS INVERTRS
This component fulfils the second half of the double conversion by
switching the DC voltage from the rectifier or battery back to an AC
output that powers the critical load.
This conversion process (AC to DC to AC) and filtering smooths out
events such as spikes, sags, surges, and electrical noise, ensuring the
final output is a pure sine waveform.
STATIC BYPASS SWITCH
This component is a safeguard in case there is a failure within the
ups system. In the event of a ups fault, the static bypass switch
automatically connect the load to the mains supply, bypassing the
rectifier and the inverter.
Having to transfer to mains supply is not ideal as the power will not
be filtered or conditioned as is usually the case with an online double
conversion ups, but it does enable equipment to continue
functioning while the ups is repaired or replaced.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ONLINE AND OFFLINE UPS
ONELINE UPS: Are the preferred choice for mission- critical
applications as they ensure “ no - break switchover “ in the event of
any mains power supply failure and an automatic internal bypass for
safe failure to mains in the event of fault. It also be called ( VFI)
voltage and frequency independent.
It is known as double conversion because of its two voltages;
rectifier ( AC to DC ).
OFFLINE UPS (VOLTAGE AND FREQUENCY
DEPENDENT VFD ): Here, the output of the ups output tracks
the voltage and frequency of the input mains supply. When the
mains supply fails, there is a brief ( 4-8 minutes sec ) break in supply
while the inverter switches on and powers the load from the
batteries.
COMMON FAULT IN UPS SYSTEM
Battery failure, capacitor issues, ageing power supplies, or
connection failure, fan breakdowns.
Battery Failure: If your uninterruptible power supply is not
working, the first thing and most obvious cause could be a battery
issue. In a study performed by the ponemon institute, battery failure
was classified as the leading cause of data center outages.
Here is how to tell if your ups battery need replacing;
 Low battery alarms
 Inadequate voltage readings
 Early discharged
Ups solution offers a complimentary finder that locates the model of
your choice seconds, of course if you are looking to perform some
uninterrupted power supply troubleshooting, you may want to
consider the industry services of a trained ups professional.
Capacitor issues: Ups system usually carry 12 capacitors to store
and release energy. This part will degrade over time, and maybe the
reason you may be experiencing system breakdown.
If you believed capacitor issue to be the cause of your ups failure or
if it has been 5 to 7 years since you last inspection, consider investing
in the solution of a ups professional.

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