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Chapter 2 Lesson 2 Differentiability

1) The document discusses the key concepts covered in a calculus lesson on differentiability, including how the derivative gives the slope of the tangent line and situations where a function is not differentiable, such as corners, cusps, discontinuities, and vertical tangents. 2) It explains that differentiability implies local linearity, meaning functions that are differentiable will resemble their tangent line when graphed at a small scale. 3) The document proves that differentiability implies continuity, stating that a discontinuity in a function's graph would cause its derivative to not exist at that point.

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52 views

Chapter 2 Lesson 2 Differentiability

1) The document discusses the key concepts covered in a calculus lesson on differentiability, including how the derivative gives the slope of the tangent line and situations where a function is not differentiable, such as corners, cusps, discontinuities, and vertical tangents. 2) It explains that differentiability implies local linearity, meaning functions that are differentiable will resemble their tangent line when graphed at a small scale. 3) The document proves that differentiability implies continuity, stating that a discontinuity in a function's graph would cause its derivative to not exist at that point.

Uploaded by

justinelabucay067
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT 1 DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS

Chapter 2: Derivatives
Outcomes:
• demonstrate an understanding of the definition of the derivative
• demonstrate an understanding of implicit differentiation and identify situations that
require implicit differentiation
• find where a function is not differentiable and distinguish between corners, cusps,
discontinuities, and vertical tangents
• derive, apply, and explain power, sum, difference, product and quotient rules
• apply the chain rule to composite functions
• use derivatives to analyze and solve problems involving rates of change apply the rules for
differentiating the six trigonometric functions
• (optional) apply the rules for differentiating the six inverse trigonometric functions
calculate and apply derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions
• (optional) apply Newton’s method to approximate zeros of a function
• estimate the change in a function using differentials and apply them to real world
situations solve and interpret related rate problems

Lesson 2: Differentiability
What you’ll learn about
• How f ‘(a) Might Fail to Exist
• Differentiability Implies Local Linearity
• Derivatives on a Calculator
• Differentiability Implies Continuity
• Intermediate Value Theorem for Derivatives
. . . and why
The derivative gives the value of the slope of the tangent line to a curve at a point.

Page 1 Calculus 12 Unit 1 Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Merden C. Largo-Bryant


James Stewart (2016) in his book Calculus Early Transcendentals 8th Edition

In general, if the graph of a function 𝑓 has a “corner”, “cusp” or “kink” in it, then the graph
of 𝑓 has no tangent at this point and 𝑓 is not differentiable there. [In trying to compute
𝑓′(𝑎), we find that the left and right limits are different.]
If 𝑓 is not continuous at a, then 𝑓 is not differentiable at a. So at any discontinuity (for
instance, a jump discontinuity) 𝑓 fails to be differentiable.

Page 2 Calculus 12 Unit 1 Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Merden C. Largo-Bryant


Differentiability Implies Local Linearity
A good way to think of differentiable functions is that they are locally linear; that is, a
function that is differentiable at a closely resembles its own tangent line very close to 𝑎. In
the jargon of graphing calculators, differentiable curves will “straighten out” when we
zoom in on them at a point of differentiability.

Most of the functions we encounter in calculus are differentiable wherever they are defined,
which means that they will not have corners, cusps, vertical tangent lines, or points of
discontinuity within their domains. Their graphs will be unbroken and smooth, with a well-
defined slope at each point. POLYNOMIALS are differentiable, as are rational functions,
trigonometric functions, exponential functions, and logarithmic functions. Composites of
differentiable functions are differentiable, and so are sums, products, integer powers, and
quotients of differentiable functions, where defined. We will see why all of this is true as
the chapter continues.

Ron Larson and Bruce Edwards (2018) in their book Calculus with CalcChat and CalcView

Page 3 Calculus 12 Unit 1 Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Merden C. Largo-Bryant


Page 4 Calculus 12 Unit 1 Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Merden C. Largo-Bryant
James Stewart (2016) in his book Calculus Early Transcendentals 8th Edition

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Page 6 Calculus 12 Unit 1 Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Merden C. Largo-Bryant
1

Page 7 Calculus 12 Unit 1 Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Merden C. Largo-Bryant


2

Differentiability Implies Continuity


We began this section with a look at the typical ways that a function could fail to have a
derivative at a point. As one example, we indicated graphically that a discontinuity in the
graph of 𝑓 would cause one or both of the one-sided derivatives to be nonexistent. It is
actually not difficult to give an analytic proof that continuity is an essential condition for
the derivative to exist, so we include that as a theorem here.

The converse of Theorem 1 is false, as we have already seen. A continuous function might
have a corner, a cusp, or a vertical tangent line, and hence not be differentiable at a given
point.

Page 8 Calculus 12 Unit 1 Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Merden C. Largo-Bryant


PROBLEM SOLVING
Steven G. Krantz (2003) in his book Calculus Demystified
1

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3

Page 10 Calculus 12 Unit 1 Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Merden C. Largo-Bryant


NAME: ___________________ CLASS: _____________ SCORE: ____________

EXERCISE NO. 2.2 DIFFERENTIABILITY

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Page 12 Calculus 12 Unit 1 Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Merden C. Largo-Bryant
Page 13 Calculus 12 Unit 1 Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Merden C. Largo-Bryant
Page 14 Calculus 12 Unit 1 Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Merden C. Largo-Bryant
Page 15 Calculus 12 Unit 1 Chapter 1 Lesson 1 Merden C. Largo-Bryant

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