PARTLY: Dr. Abmed Shwaky (17.5 Marks) je table below: Ichoose the best answer, and place your answer in th $e, la consists of observation made with a purpose A. outcome B, evidence ( Confounder D bias 2 Level 1 of evidence represents ..... A. systematic reviews B.RCT Cohort D. case control 3. Pre-appraised evidence based medicine resources include all of the following except " mccoctirene Wbrary BB. pubmed ——_C. uiptodate.com D.Nice.or A monomnnoone BS the quality af the study design A:External validity 8, Internal validity. Relevance D. Consistency s. bias Is improper assignment to groups as when mild cases are assigned to one RTOUp and sever cates to the other group A. Selection 8. Attrition © Recall D. Detection Oi ‘las results from differences in the care that is provided A. Reporting 8. Performance © Interviewer ——_D. Selection 7. Differences in dropouts from a study result in sini A. confouner B. attrition bias Consistency D. validity Which of the following control methods are used In clinical trials to reduce bias? A. random allocation B. matching {. as treated analysis ~~ Is hiding the allocation sequences from thase who pertorm the randomization A. matching B. allocation concealment random allocation 10. Subjects who do not adhere to allocated treatment sre not included in the analysis +A: Intention: to -treat analysis B._Per-protoco analysis C. as-treated analysis a s~ isa technique in which subjects and/or the investigators are unawas Of the assignment of subjects to the intervention or control group A. Blinding 8, Open label (Crossover. Randomisation roA.Oddyrotio — "WProvalane = ,_“Relativerinh =U. chore 13, Odds of exposure In the cases divided by the ods of expasure inthe contrat A NNT B. Rink ratio © Hazard ratio Pp Odds ratio 14. The incidence of dixeaxe in the exposed group divided by the incidence af dhseave in the unexposed aroup a NNT G. Rick ratio (C Harartratio D. Gekdts ratio 15. Which of the following control methods are used in clinical Lrtals tor rodhucee contounders? ub Restriction 8. As treated analysis C. blinding ——_O. cross sectional 16. A researcher was interested In examining the atsociation betwenn postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HAT) and developrent of heart dhvwase, All women who were characterized ss postmenopausal ware approached regarding their witerest in participating in the study by answering » questionnaire anewally regarding ‘their medication use and medical conditions. Of the 16,168 women who provided consent, the average length of follow-up was 12.5 years (range, 6 to 16 years). Which of the following best describes the study design? A Case control study @. Prospective cohort .tudy Meta-analysis D. Randomized controtied trials E. Cross sectional study 17, An investigator whihes to study a new drug for the treatment of hypertension in. patients with diabetes. What is the best type of trial design the investigator should use for determining causality in this. particular stuch ? AA case-control study = 8, A prospective cohort study C. A meta-analysis, (©. A prospective, randomited, standard-ol-care comparison trial 0 2 q fqu. | 4) 2! 3/4) s 6) 7] 8) 9) 40/41/12 13/ 14) 15) 16) 17) No | | ANS | \telal pl bab «dla C[b la jalc di bla la | J it fl iat | . KX RRR KK ** End of Questions - Hest of Luck **Assiut University ty of Pharmacy First Semester, Diptoma Pharmacy dee Question Bank [Choose the most appropriste answer act cant ta the patiant care wi iramedistety > A ewessicntiorn resinr that bs tn Be Fe medication Oreer A admitting order 8 stat order, eantinuation order 0 ine potter mnaddhenl chart wuad BY burses to document the axtministration tna -f of alt drugs eestucananes achnaninneatnon reward (MAR) A evedule H dev adminiatration record & Wy adenixture service ¢ nutrition (TPN) lites naitritional naeds intravenously ‘A specially torn 4 parenters + that pe {tV) toa pationt who cannot or will not eat MAR A Schedule t administration record iv aclenixture xervicg 6 rN A committer of the hospaal that reviews, approves, and revues the hospital's formulary at drugs aid roaintalns the drug use policies of the hospital Institutional review board A onermacy and therapnutle committes fF * joint commission accreditation 0 Drugs used ln clinical triais (hat have mat yet been approved by the FDA for use in the general population of drugs used for nonapproved indications + investigational drugs A narcotic drugs B prescription only drugs C OTCdrugs 0 Written permission by the patient to participate in an IRB-approved research study in terms understandable to the lay public hospital's formutary A informed consent 2 accreditation C eMAR D ko nckeperstent, not-for protit group that sets the standards by which safety and quality ,Cifrenmelee ents ed to deserimine the eft f ane (Tring A pt Cuvaoeaats ata with amndertyineg schinerpbirresis a iC Peahas aimee Os ter placebo. A extnple ttre nf 100 patente we LD) Priedenam test alculated 80 be needed haved nn ap ' (E) Stundens’s 1 the change tn blood was foued to induce remtsman f pacierte ws al maorsoans Cleve) BL ich of the following statements \s trove tbesed on the es remalta of the study? Se (2 Drag A wa and he aay we ‘ maEe (B) Chi-square 6 Po Non aenan a ore J to have a clinicalty sign: C) Drag A was for 908 # statictioally sigs ser tesmiaaionn of pe have a clinical ce on remiw CPE and rhea Grade, MrwrmD, BCP pte goevihone were somegeaed by Haan11. What ean be concluded about the outcome “CVA Ce) or TE"? (A) Dabigatran (Pradaxa) has a dinically significant Jower risk than warfarin (Coumadin), although it is not statistically significant because the Cl does notinclude.l. 8 (8) Dabigatran (Piadaxa) has a clinically significant lower risk than warfarin (Coumadin), although it is not statistically significant because the C! does not include 0 (©) Dabigatran (Pradaxa) has a clinically significant higher risk than warfarin (Coumadin), and it is statistically significant because the CI does not inchide 0. & (D) Dabigatran (Pradaxa) has a clinically significant : lower risk than warfarin (Coumadin), and itis statistically significant because the CI does not include 1. 12. What can be concluded about the outcome “MI"?, (A) Dabigatran (Pradaxa) has a higher MI risk than warfarin (Coumadin), although it is not statistically significant because the CI includes 1. (B) Dabigatran (Pradaxa) has a higher MI risk than warfarin (Coumadin), although it is not statistically significant because the CI does not include 0. (©) Dabigatran (Pradaxa) has a higher MI risk than warfarin (Coumadin), and it is statistically significant because the Cl includes 1. (D) Dabigatran (Pradaxa) has a higher MI risk than warfarin (Coumdin) and itis statistically significant because the CI does not include 0. Co researcher was interested in examining the association between postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and development of heart disease. All women who were characterized as postmenopausal were approached regarding their interest in participating in the study by answering a questionnaire annually regarding their medication use and medical conditions. Of the 16,168 women who provided consent, the average length of follow-up was 12.5 years (range, 6 to 16 years). Which of the following best describes the study design? >‘A. Background question _ St Foreground question Faisal is the process of systematically’ search to a$5@$8 Its emee =)" fore ysing It in decision making validity A \ | results 2B /* relevance C all of them, ,0~ It “addresses issues of blas, confounding, and measurement » External validity A > \_9 780 Gaternal validity 8” = Reliability .C Clinical importance .0 Which of the following control methods are used in clinical trials to fealke' bbiag?).4 Rx Random allocation “A Double-blind trial design 6 Controlled trial .C ‘Allof the above 0 & < Resources analyze, check for bias, and summarize the data from all avallable high quality -\* evidence based resources to|provide the current state of evidence. x Pubmed A ~ ofS Cochrane library .8 New England journal of medicine c Pharmacotherapy textbooks. ‘gold standard’ treatment while the other .‘ group receives the experimental treatment. Placebo control :A Historical contro! .8 Standard treatment control .€ 28) Crossover control .0 ate of RR ahd is generally used fof case-control trials) vy OAL, absolute risk reduction (ARR) .A number needed to treat (NNT) .B ids ratio (OR) ,C* Risk ratio(RR) .D 4 n Investigator wishes to study a new drug for the treatment of hypertension in patients, 7 & ith diabetes. What is the best type of trial design the investigator should use for : determining causality in this particular study? ‘Acase-control study .A A prospective cohort study .B” __-Aprospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial yw ; Control group subjects receive CA prospective, fandomized} $tandard-of-care comparison trialstandard of spironolactone (Aldactone) in the statistical tests would be most a ANOVA Piste exact test TC) Chi-square (3?) Cc (D) Mann-Whitney U test (B) Students ttest IpPropriate to use? 9. A retrospective study produces correlation /regressic analysis between a high sodium intake (> 24 piday) and hypertension (HTN) reporting an r = 0.45. Which ofthe following is correct? - 20% of HTN may be explained by high sodium intake, (B) 20% of HTN is not explained by high sodium intake, (C) 80% of HTN is explained by high sodium intake (D) 55% of HTN is not explained by high sodium intake. (B)_ 45% of HTN may be explained by high sodium intake. 10. A study was performed to evaluate a possible correlation between the use of the herbal product Goldenseal and changes in pain relief (based on poin seale scores). Which type of correlation anal should be used in this trial? (A) Pearson (B) Spearman inear (D) Cox (For the next two questions) In the RE-LY trial, dabigattan (Pradaxa) was compared with warfarin (Coumadin) for the prevention of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. The primary outcome in this trial ‘was CVA or systemic thromboembolism (TE). The recults ate presented as follows: Debigatran Warferin End point (n= 6076) (n= 6022) RR, 95% Cl CVAorTE 134@22%) —158(2.6%) 0.66 0.53-002) Mi OP (1.5%) 631.0%) 1.38 (1.00-191) treatment of heart failure. ‘They decideto perform 4 parallel trial of the two ‘gents in 2000 patients with NYHA classes Ito TV heart failure aver 2 years, The Primary end point is mortality Which of the following\eye ‘are measured and accredits hospitals according to those standards institutional review board & pharmacy and therapeutic commie 8 joint come accreditation .D torage of pharmaceuticals In -* hospital inventory management AT waste disposal management 8 hospital management .C armacy management .D Ceiving and storage procedures parenteral drugs A fiuid and electrolyte 8 controlled drues antibiotics .D ome healthcare, aueleat, of. ZZ: community pharmacy seine ‘taille compounding A” non-sterile compounding -8 extemporaneous preparations .C patient counseling -D agp are to improve the quality of .'. production .A inicat care 48 health care system: -€ ‘education -D de all of the following except: best research evidence A clinical expertise 8 labseasts kee patient values’ .D level | evidence means Big systematic review of RCT A systematic review ofcohort .B systematic review of case control .C systematic review of case series .D Steps of EBM .\< assess the patient and ask a clinical question A sécjuire the best evidence 6 58 ._> appraise the evidence andapplyy:¢ = 5+” sy allel the shove of heath caco ‘The process of purchasing, ordering, receiving, and st ial re a types of pharmaceuticals require spec! rhe preparation of a parenteral product in #he hospital, Goals of evidence based medicine fence based medicine inclu Wy ‘Components of evid Is oral rehydration as effective as Wv rehydration? .1° ie ) ¢ a