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    Deficit Approach

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    Micah Angely C. Ganancial
    The document discusses the deficit approach to analyzing language and gender. This early approach assumed that men's language constituted the social norm and that women's language was deficient by comparison. It argued that women's language was weaker, less effective, and inferior to men's standard language. While this approach was supported by early linguists, it has since been criticized for its sexist assumptions and failure to consider social and cultural factors that influence language use between genders. The deficit approach is now seen as problematic for portraying one gender's language as the dominant norm.

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    Deficit Approach

    Uploaded by

    Micah Angely C. Ganancial
    81 views19 pages
    The document discusses the deficit approach to analyzing language and gender. This early approach assumed that men's language constituted the social norm and that women's language was deficient by comparison. It argued that women's language was weaker, less effective, and inferior to men's standard language. While this approach was supported by early linguists, it has since been criticized for its sexist assumptions and failure to consider social and cultural factors that influence language use between genders. The deficit approach is now seen as problematic for portraying one gender's language as the dominant norm.

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    Deficit Approach (1)

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    The document discusses the deficit approach to analyzing language and gender. This early approach assumed that men's language constituted the social norm and that women's language was deficient by comparison. It argued that women's language was weaker, less effective, and inferior to men's standard language. While this approach was supported by early linguists, it has since been criticized for its sexist assumptions and failure to consider social and cultural factors that influence language use between genders. The deficit approach is now seen as problematic for portraying one gender's language as the dominant norm.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    81 views19 pages

    Deficit Approach

    Uploaded by

    Micah Angely C. Ganancial
    The document discusses the deficit approach to analyzing language and gender. This early approach assumed that men's language constituted the social norm and that women's language was deficient by comparison. It argued that women's language was weaker, less effective, and inferior to men's standard language. While this approach was supported by early linguists, it has since been criticized for its sexist assumptions and failure to consider social and cultural factors that influence language use between genders. The deficit approach is now seen as problematic for portraying one gender's language as the dominant norm.

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    You are on page 1of 19

    GOOD AFTERNOON!

    How does language affect the way we think about gender?


    Are men’s languages superior to the women’s?
    Who's more formal when talking?
    DEFICIT APPROACH
    TABLE OF
    CONTENTS

    Deficit Approach: Meaning


    Deficit Approach: Language &
    Gender
    Deficit Approach: Support
    Deficit Approach: Criticisms
    Conclusion
    What is DEFICIT?
    What is DEFICIT?

    Something is seen to
    be small or less.
    DEFICIT APPROACH

    Non-standard dialect = weaker


    language skills

    Assumes that the standard


    variety is the norm and any
    deviation from it is a deficit.
    DEFICIT APPROACH:
    LANGUAGE & GENDER
    Earliest approach within language and gender
    research:
    Women's language is deficient in
    comparison with men's.
    Men's language constitutes the social
    norm.
    DEFICIT APPROACH:
    LANGUAGE & GENDER
    Aims to prove differences in the way men and
    women use language.

    It argues that:
    Men’s language: standard and superior
    Women’s Language: insufficient and
    inferior
    DEFICIT APPROACH: SUPPORT

    Otto Jepersen believed that men's language


    was seen as the standard and normal,
    whereas women's language was deficient.

    Language: Its Nature, Development and


    Origin (1922)
    DEFICIT APPROACH: SUPPORT
    According to Jespersen, women:
    Talk a lot
    Simpler words, smaller vocabularies
    Use more false starts and unfinished
    sentences
    Exaggerate more.
    Use too many adjectives and adverbs.
    Are emotional, not grammatical.
    Are more indirect and, therefore, less effective
    than men.
    DEFICIT APPROACH: SUPPORT

    According to Jespersen, men:

    Have a larger vocabulary and use more


    difficult words.
    Are in charge of establishing new words in
    the English language.

    "there is a danger of the language becoming


    languid and insipid if we (men) are to content
    ourselves with women's expressions"
    DEFICIT APPROACH: SUPPORT
    Robin Lakoff, argues that the features of
    language used by women are 'weaker' and
    more certain than the language used by
    men.

    She refers to this weaker form of language


    as 'women language'

    Language and Women's Place (1975)


    DEFICIT APPROACH: SUPPORT
    Lakoff’s findings regarding women's
    language:

    Hedging
    Polite
    Tag Questions
    Intensifiers
    Empty Adjectives
    DEFICIT APPROACH: SUPPORT
    However, women use less:

    Slang
    Swear words
    Insults

    This implies that women tend to use more


    formal language, are more polite, and are
    less aggressive than men.
    DEFICIT APPROACH: CRITICISMS
    The approach is seen as problematic as it focuses on the
    'deficits' in women's language while portraying the
    language of men as the 'norm'

    A sexist approach?
    inequality between genders?
    The approach is a little bit old?
    DEFICIT APPROACH: CRITICISMS
    It fails to consider linguistic diversity within a
    community or group.

    Overlooks the social and cultural factors that


    shape language use.

    The language is highly dependent by gender and


    that women's language is lacking in multiple ways.

    The power imbalance in society is not caused by


    women's language alone, but for both genders.
    CONCLUSION
    The Deficit Approach to Language and Gender has long been a hot
    topic.
    Given that it was established in as far as the 1920's, it would make sense
    to view this a viable approach since women’s rights and roles in society
    were not as recognized as they are today.
    Nowadays, this approach would be considered sexist and problematic
    as it portrays one sex as dominant and superior compared to the other.
    END OF PRESENTATION!

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