DA WHO?

: TQM GURUS
EDITION
Benjalyn Santillan and Grace Marie Caiña
 DA WHO NO. 1: CONTRIBUTED TO
UNDERSTANDING OF PROCESS
VARIABILITY AND DEVELOPED
CONCEPT OF STATISTICAL
CONTROL CHARTS

A ARMAND V. FEIGENBAUM WALTER A. SHEWHART

BB
D
C PHILIP B. CROSBY W. EDWARDS DEMING

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 Walter A. Shewhart
1 Contributed to understanding of
process variability; Developed
concept of statistical control charts
 Walter A. Shewhart
 Also known as the “Father of Statistical Quality Control” who developed concept of
statistical control charts.
 Contributed to understanding of process variability by focusing on reducing variation
in a manufacturing process and introduced the control chart as a tool for
distinguishing assignable-cause and chance-cause.

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 Walter A. Shewhart

 Founder of the “Shewhart cycle” which he created a three part

cycle in 1939 or also known today as Plan, Do, Check and Act
(PDCA) as popularized by Deming.
 Shewhart created a three-part cycle, a systematic process for
process improvement.

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He described that this process must go in a circle instead of a straight
line in which he mentioned that the mass production process as steps in
the scientific method. He then concludes that these three steps
constitute a dynamic scientific process of acquiring knowledge.

https://www.oventhal.com/blog/2019/2/13/the-
evolution-of-the-shewhart-cycle

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 Postulate 1. All chance systems of
“ causes are not alike in the sense
that they enable us to predict the
future in terms of the past.

-Walter A. Shewhart

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 DA WHO NO. 2: STRESSED
MANAGEMENT’S RESPONSIBILITY
FOR QUALITYAND DEVELOPED “14
POINTS” TO GUIDE COMPANIES
IN QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

A KAORU ISHIKAWA JOSEPH M. JURAN

BB
C D WALTER A. SHEWHART
W. EDWARDS DEMING

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 W. EDWARDS DEMING
2 Stressed management’s responsibility
for quality; Developed “14 Points” to
guide companies in quality
improvement
 W. EDWARDS DEMING

 Also known as “Father of Quality Control”.

 Highlighted management’s responsibility for
quality.
 Well known for his work in Japan where he taught
his theories on Statistical Products Quality
Administration.

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 W. EDWARDS DEMING
• He advanced the state of quality, originally based on work done
by Shewhart with his explanations of variation, use of control
charts, and his theories on knowledge, psychology and variation.

• Developed his complete philosophy of management, which he

encapsulated into his “fourteen points” and the “seven deadly
diseases of management”.

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Deming’s 14 points on Quality Management or
also known as the “Deming Model of Quality
Management”, is a set of management practices to
help the companies to increase quality and
productivity.

https://asq.org/quality-resources/total-quality-management/deming-points

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Deming Cycle / Deming Wheel (PDSA
Cycle) which consists of 4 steps / stages of
the cycle:
Plan, Do, Study and Act

https://ihub.scot/project-toolkits/diabetes-think-check-act/diabetes-think-check-act/
getting-started/plan-do-study-act/
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Seven deadly diseases of management

1. A lack of constancy of purpose

2. Emphasis on short-term profits
3. Evaluation of performance
4. Mobility of management
5. Management by use only of visible figures
6. Excessive medical costs
7. Excessive costs of liability

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“ Quality is everyone’s
responsibility.

-W. Edwards Deming

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 DA WHO NO. 3: DEFINED
QUALITY AS “FITNESS FOR
USE” AND DEVELOPLED
CONCEPT OF COST OF
QUALITY

A WALTER A. SHEWHART PHILIP B. CROSBY

BB
C D JOSEPH M. JURAN
GENICHI TAGUCHI

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3 JOSEPH M. JURAN
Defined Quality as “Fitness for Use”;
Developed concept of cost of quality
 JOSEPH M. JURAN
• Stressed the customer’s point of view of products’ fitness for
use or purpose.

• Developed Juran’s Quality Trilogy:

• quality planning
• quality improvement
• quality control

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• Juran also applied Pareto’s principle in Quality. It
follows from this that 80 percent of problems lie with
management, as they have control of 80 percent of the
systems in an organization.

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“ Without a standard there is
no logical basis for making
decision or taking action.

-Joseph M. Juran

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 DA WHO NO. 4: INTRODUCED
CONCEPT OF TOTAL QUALITY
CONTROL
A ARMAND V. FEIGENBAUM GENICHI TAGUCHI

BB
C D KAORU ISHIKAWA
JOSEPH M. JURAN

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4 ARMAND V. FEIGENBAUM
Introduced concept of total quality
control
 ARMAND V.
FEIGENBAUM
• Presented with the National Medal of Technology and Innovation, the highest
honor for technological achievement .
• Developed “Total Quality Control” concept
• Three steps to quality - quality leadership, modern quality technology, and an
organizational commitment to quality.

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 ARMAND V.
FEIGENBAUM
• Known for his concept of the “Hidden Plant”
• Almost 15% to 40% of an organization’s capacity is wasted by not getting the things right as they
should be. The cost of quality can be understood under two heads: the cost of getting the things
right and the cost of not getting them right.

• Stressed that quality is a universal concept and cannot be restricted to a department or individual.

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 In the phrase, “quality
“ control”, the word control
represents a management
tool with four steps.

-Armand V. Feigenbaum
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 DA WHO NO. 5: COINED
PHRASE “QUALITY IS FREE”
AND INTRODUCED CONCEPT
OF ZERO DEFECTS
A JOSEPH M. DURAN GENICHI TAGUCHI

BB
C D W. EDWARDS DEMING
PHILIP B. CROSBY

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 PHILIP B. CROSBY
5 Coined phrase “Quality is Free”;
Introduced concept of zero defects
 PHILIP B. CROSBY
• Noted as quality professional, author and consultant.
• Developed the idea of Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ) to explain
how “quality is free”.
• Devised the principle of “doing it right the first time” (DIRFT).

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 PHILIP B. CROSBY

 Other projects Crosby is also known for: Quality is

free, Zero Defects, The four absolutes of quality, the
Crosby vaccine and the 14 steps of quality
improvement.

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The Principles of Zero Defects discusses that there is no existence of waste in a project.

•Quality is defined as conformance to the requirements.

•Defects prevention is better than quality inspection and correction.
•Quality standard means zero defects.
•Quality is measured in terms of money.

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 Quality is free. It’s not a gift
“ but it’s free. The “unquality”
things are what cost money.

-Philip B. Crosby

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 DA WHO NO. 6: DEVELOPED
CAUSE-AND-EFFECT DIAGRAMS
AND IDENTIFIED CONCEPT OF
“INTERNAL CUSTOMER”

A GENICHI TAGUCHI KAORU ISHIKAWA

BB
C D ARMAND V. FEIGENBAUM
PHILIP B. CROSBY

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 Kaoru Ishikawa
6 Developed cause-and-effect
diagrams; Identified concept of
“internal customer”
 KAORU ISHIKAWA
• Known as the father of Japanese quality control effort.

• Established the concept of Company Wide Quality Control (CWQC) –

participation from the top to the bottom of an organization and from the start
to the finish of the product life cycle.

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 KAORU ISHIKAWA
• Introduced the concept of Quality Circles – bottom up approach – members
from within the department and solve problems on a continuous basis.

• Sponsored the concept of “next operation (process step) as the client” to

avoid workplace politics.

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• Developed the Ishikawa diagram, also
known as the fishbone or cause-effect
diagram.

• Popularized the seven basic tools of

quality and the philosophy of total
quality.

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 As much as 95% of quality
“ related problems in the factory
can be solved with seven
fundamentals quantitative tools.

-Kaoru Ishikawa

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 DA WHO NO. 7: FOCUSED ON
PRODUCT DESIGN QUALITY
AND DEVELOPED TAGUCHI
LOSS FUNCTION
A GENICHI TAGUCHI ARMAND V. FEIGENBAUM

BB
C D WALTER A. SHEWHART
W. EDWARDS DEMING

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 GENICHI TAGUCHI
7 Focused on product design quality;
Developed Taguchi loss function
 GENICHI TAGUCHI
• Developed the “Taguchi methodology” of robust design,
which focused on making the design less sensitive to
variation in the manufacturing process, instead of trying to
control manufacturing variation.

• Robust design is an “engineering methodology for

improving productivity during research and
development so that high-quality products can be
produced quickly and at low cost”.
• The idea behind robust design is to improve the
quality of a product by minimizing the effects of
variation without eliminating the causes (since they
are too difficult or too expensive to control).

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 GENICHI TAGUCHI
• Developed the “Quality Loss Function”
• Quality Loss Function is the loss imparted to the
society by the product from the time the product is
designed to the time it is shipped to the customer.

Taguchi specified three situations:

1. Larger the better (for example, process yield);

2. Smaller the better (for example, emissions, rejection
rate); and
3. On-target, minimum-variation (for example, a mating
part dimensions in an assembly).

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Robust Design - Taguchi's Three Stages of Product Development:

•System design – is the conceptualization and synthesis of a product or process to be used.

•Parameter design - is related to finding the appropriate design factor levels to make the system
less sensitive to variations in uncontrollable noise factors, i.e., to make the system robust.

•Tolerance design - occurs when the tolerances for the products or process are established to
minimize the sum of the manufacturing and lifetime costs of the product or process.

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 Cost is more important than
“ quality but quality is the best
way to reduce cost.

-Genichi Taguchi

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Thank you!
Reporters:

👩 Benjalyn Santillan

👩 Grace Marie Caiña

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