Comonicacion Empasarial

COMUNICACIÓN EMPRESARIAL
THE BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY
AGRARIAN PRODUCTION V
COMUNICACIÓN EMPRESARIAL
1 (FIRST WEEK)
1. FLOWERING PLANTS Monocotyledons
In this chapter will learn about: ✓ Seeds have one cotyledon or

seed leaf. Petals are arranged in
• the parts of roots, stems,
groups of threes or multiples of
leaves, flowers, fruits and
threes and pale in colour.
seeds.
✓ Leaves have veins running
• the primary and secondary
parallel to one another.
functions of roots, stems and
✓ Most of them have fibrous root
leaves.
system.
✓ Stigma are feathery.
Dicotyledons
✓ Seeds have two cotyledons or

seed leaves.
✓ Petals are arranged mostly in
groups of four or five and
brightly coloured.
✓ Leaf veins are arranged in a
branched network.
✓ Most of them have tap root
system.
✓ Stigma are sticky.
2. ROOT SYSTEM
Flowering plants are the highest
forms in the plant kingdom. They have
well developed roots, stems, leaves,
flowers and fruits. All our crops and
timber trees are members of this
group.
The main classes in this group are

monocotyledons and dicotyledons.
They differ externally in the following
features.
▪ Tap root ▪ Regions of a root
The radicle grows to form the primary A typical root has four regions from
root. If the primary root continues to the tip upward. The tip of the root is
grow it is called the tap root. very tender and pointed and is
protected by a cone-shaped covering
The tap root produces lateral
of dead cells called the root cap. This
branches which are known as
protects the tender apex of the root
secondary roots, and these in tum
as it makes its way through the soil. It
produce tertiary roots. The older and
´is usually absent in aquatic plants.
longer roots are situated away from
Above the root cap, the cells in the
the root tip while the younger and
root tip undergo repeated division.
shorter ones are closer to it. The tap
This is the region of cell division.
root is normally found in dicotyledons.
Some of the newly formed cells
This goes deep into the soil and is
contribute to the formation of the
therefore described as 'deep
root cap, others, to the formation of
feeding' e.g. mango, citrus, tomatoes,
the upper regions of the root. Just
coffee.
above the region of cell division is the
▪ Fibrous root region of elongation. The cells in this
If the primary root develops into a region increase and expand rapidly and
cluster of roots which are are responsible for growth in length of
approximately of equal length and the root. Above this region is the
thickness with no main root, fibrous region of absorption The outer cell
roots are formed. These roots do not layer of this region bears numerous
go as deep as the tap root and are fine hair-like outgrowths called root
therefore described as a 'surface hairs. These increase the surface for

feeding'. The fibrous root is absorption. They also penetrate the
characteristic of monocotyledons e.g soil and absorb soil water and
grasses, onion, palms. dissolved mineral salts from it. Beyond
the absorbing region is the region
▪ Adventitious roots which conducts water upwards to the
Roots sometimes develop from the stem. This region is also called the
nodes of stems as in sugar cane and branching region.
bamboo, from branches trailing on the
ground as in grasses or from leaves as
in 'leaf of life'. Roots such as these,
which grow from any part of the plant
other than the primary root are called
adventitious roots.
3. FUNCTIONS OF THE ROOT are modified for breathing. They send
out roots through the mud or water,
into the air. These roots are very
spongy and take in air for respiration
of the root system.
a) Exercises
Explain the Function of
roots
✓ Primary functions of the root
Roots anchor the plant firmly in the Put or Draw a root and point
soil. • Root hairs absorb water and the regions of a root.
dissolved mineral salts from the soil. •
Roots transport water and dissolved
mineral salts to the stem and leaves Describe another types of roots
from the soil.
✓ Secondary Functions of the

roots
Roots also carry on specialized

functions and they adapt themselves
accordingly to the need of the plant. •
In some plants the tap root is swollen
as a result of food stored in it e.g
radish, carrot, beet.
In some plants, the roots are modified

for climbing. These plants produce
sticky roots from their nodes, by
means of which such plants attach
themselves to their support and climb
them e.g. black pepper, betel.
In some plants growing in mud or

water e.g. white mangrove, the roots

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COMUNICACIÓN EMPRESARIAL

THE BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY

1. FLOWERING PLANTS Monocotyledons

In this chapter will learn about: ✓ Seeds have one cotyledon or

✓ Seeds have two cotyledons or

The main classes in this group are

therefore described as a 'surface hairs. These increase the surface for

Explain the Function of

✓ Primary functions of the root

✓ Secondary Functions of the

Roots also carry on specialized

In some plants, the roots are modified

In some plants growing in mud or

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